Water supply for a private home: the best projects and modern equipment (120 photos and diagrams). Do-it-yourself water supply for a private house Water supply diagram for a private house

The presence of a good water supply system in a private house or cottage is one of the prerequisites for comfortable living. Very rarely does a country house have a central water supply, so the owner has to solve the problem of uninterrupted water supply to the home on his own. Water supply systems for the home must be carefully designed and thought out down to the smallest detail so that the owner has free access to a high-quality source of water and ensures everyday comfort.

Types of water supply systems

Water supply scheme for a private house

If there is a source of input on the site of a private house, then you can equip it with the help of a pump. The submersible device will pump water into a special storage tank in the house with a capacity of up to 500 liters. The storage tank is separated by a membrane or relay, which allows you to adjust the liquid pressure in it. When the tank is filled to capacity, the water supply pump is turned off, and if the water is used, the pump pumps water into the tank again. According to the presented diagram, the water supply system consists of the following parts:

Well or well.

A pumping station allows you to draw water from a water supply source.

Hydraulic accumulator - creates a certain pressure in the system.

Special filters that purify and prepare water for use.

Equipment for heating water.

Collector system.

General water supply scheme

Experts advise installing water supply systems at home in spring or summer, when groundwater is not so high, the soil itself is easy to process, and digging is faster. Installing a hydraulic accumulator, which allows you to control the pump on and off, is optional. In this case, other pump control methods are used. The layout of the water supply can be varied - it all depends on the wishes of the owners who decided to make their home more comfortable.

Well for water supply

The well is considered one of the most accessible and common sources of water for private homes. This method is preferred if the water is at a depth of 5-15 meters. Depth and productivity are the main criteria when constructing a well. The water in the source must be sufficient to meet the needs. If you have a well, you can provide your home with liquid in the amount of 500 liters per day.

The well should not be located close to above-ground buildings (at least 5 meters). And also to sources of possible pollution: sewers, toilets, landfills (at least 50 meters).

Diagram of the correct well

The procedure for performing actions when constructing a well:

Determining the location of the well using ionomer frames.

Selection of building materials: reinforced concrete rings, brick, stone, processed logs.

Digging a well manually or using special equipment.

Interior and exterior finishing works.

One of the advantages of supplying water to a private home using a well is that in the absence of electricity, water can be extracted from it manually using a rope and a bucket. In addition, the price for digging a well is much less than for installing a well, especially an artesian one.

A few more advantages of wells:

Service life - about half a century;

There is no need to collect a package of official papers to install a well on your country property;

All work on cleaning and disinfecting the well is convenient to carry out, thanks to the large diameter of the rings;

Availability of clean water, free of rust and chlorine.

Water supply from a well

Wells “on sand” are so called because during the construction process they dig the upper layers of sandy soil, following a layer of loam, which serves as an excellent filter for groundwater. The depth of such a well reaches 50 meters. If, when drilling a source 15 meters deep, they fall onto the bed of an underwater river, this is considered a great success. After all, now filters and pipes will not become clogged with sand due to the fact that this layer consists exclusively of pebbles.

Drilling is carried out in the following ways:

You can manually drill a well up to 10 meters deep;

Percussion-rope drilling;

Mechanized method of driving a well;

Rotary percussion drilling;

Hydrodynamic method.

Diagram and difference between the two types of wells

After drilling a well, a metal or plastic pipe is lowered into it, which fits tightly to the soil and prevents it from crumbling. Next, a water supply is being constructed using a sand well. The service life of such sources is about 10 years.

Supplying water to a private home using an artesian well will be much more difficult than in previous cases. However, such a source will last up to 50 years. In addition, an artesian well does not depend on climatic conditions and always has a consistently high flow rate. Any natural and technological contaminants do not penetrate into artesian water, since the layer of water-resistant clay is a reliable natural filter. Such a source can be drilled in any area of ​​a country house, unlike a sand well. When choosing an artesian well as a source of water supply in a private house, it is necessary to ensure free passage for the drilling machine to the head.

General requirements for the area for drilling an artesian well:

Availability of free territory for drilling measuring 4×12 m;

Ensuring a free height of 10 meters (no tree branches or electrical wires);

Absence of sewage drains, landfills, toilets in the nearest 50-100 meters;

The gate in the yard must be at least three meters wide.

Several main advantages of water supply to a country house using an artesian well: high flow rate - from 500 to 1000 liters per hour, uninterrupted supply of high quality water, long-term operation of the source. Disadvantages include the high cost of drilling. But it all depends on the time of year (drilling is cheaper in winter) and the depth of the selected equipment.

Water heating of a private house

After installing the water supply of a country house, water heating is connected according to the accepted scheme. Such a design is a closed system consisting of the following elements:

Boiler - heats water and sends it to radiators, which gradually release heat into the house. Having cooled down in them, the water again enters the boiler.

Among all the communications of a private home, water supply is undoubtedly the most necessary. This statement does not need to be proven to someone who has been given the opportunity to carry water in buckets from the nearest well, especially in winter. Lucky are those who have the opportunity to connect their home to a centralized water supply system. This article is intended for those for whom such a prospect does not appear in the coming years. We offer for your reference an article that describes in detail how to build an autonomous water supply for a private house: we hope that the tips on how to build such a water supply system yourself will be of great help to you.

The main components of an autonomous water supply system for a private house

Today, there is a fairly rich tradition of constructing autonomous water supply systems to private buildings. They may all differ significantly, but their basic structural elements remain the same:

• Autonomous source of water consumption (well or borehole -).
• An electrical or mechanical device for raising and delivering water to a system. This can be a regular pump or a pumping station.
• A hydraulic accumulator is a device for accumulating water and creating pressure in the system.
• System of external and internal water pipes.
• Necessary shut-off valves and plumbing fixtures.

To organize hot water supply, a hot water boiler of any operating principle can be integrated into the system. It is most convenient to use double-circuit gas boilers for these purposes, which, in addition to heating water, perform the function of a power plant to provide the house with heat. If there is no gas on the site, then it would be quite reasonable to use an electric storage boiler.

What types of autonomous water supply exist for a private home?

When planning an independent water supply for a country house, first of all you need to draw up a detailed project. It must take into account all the details of the future water supply system, both internal and external. In addition, it must include an indication of the exact location where the water intake will be located, its type, depth and distance from the house. An important parameter is the water pressure and its quantity. In the end, the cost of all components and the production of the work itself is of no small importance. Therefore, what type of water supply was chosen is of no small importance. There are several of them:

• An ordinary well.
• Shallow well for sand.
• Artesian well.

All these objects have such different structures that it is worth talking about each in more detail.

Wells and their features

This is perhaps the oldest invention of mankind for obtaining drinking water from aquifers deep in the earth. The design of wells has come down to the present day almost unchanged from time immemorial. As a rule, this is a hole several meters deep with reinforced walls and a manual device for raising water. The walls are reinforced with a wooden frame or concrete rings.

It is worth digging a well on your site only if the depth of water does not exceed 5 - 15 m. In addition, its supply must satisfy the needs of the family and household. For 4 people, at least 200 l/day is required. If these standards are met and you are ready for hard physical labor, then you can start digging. This is done manually using a winch to lift the container with soil. During the digging process, the frame or rings of concrete are gradually lowered to the bottom of the hole. They dig until water quickly fills the well to the required height.

For the purposes of autonomous water supply to a private house through a water supply network, manual water lifting devices are not suitable, so you need to decide on a pump. There are two options for installing the pump: directly next to the well itself and in the basement of the house. It doesn't matter which option was chosen. In any case, a trench with a depth of 50 to 70 cm should be dug from the house to the well. To protect the future pipe from freezing, a sand cushion is placed at the bottom of the trench.

It would be optimal to use a 32 mm pipe, but its diameter can be increased if the distance to the well is more than 7 m. In addition, this pipe must have a slope towards the well of at least 2 - 3 cm per linear meter. The pipe is inserted into the house through a hole in the foundation and connected to the pump. In this case, its opposite end should descend into the water column in the well. If the pump is installed near a well, then an insulated room is built for the pump. The pipe in the trench should be insulated, especially where it passes through the foundation. The best option would be to wrap it with a heating cable, which will completely prevent freezing.

The pipe brought into the house is connected to the internal water supply system, which distributes the flow of water to the end points.

Before choosing such a system, you should think it over carefully, since groundwater may well get into the well, which is not clean and safe. In any case, before digging a well, you should find out the opinions of neighbors who already have one and take their water for analysis. The advantage of a well is that you can dig it yourself, and even if there is a power outage, you will not be left without water, since it can be scooped up in the usual traditional way - with a bucket on a chain or rope.

Construction of a well “on sand”

People have long learned to drill wells. They turned out to be an excellent alternative to wells for a country house. Many owners, even if they have a central water supply, install a well in order to have the cleanest drinking water. After all, its taste cannot be compared with tap water. Today there are two types of wells, one of which is called “for sand”.

This name is not accidental, because the depth of such a well is such that it only touches the top layer of sandy rocks. Deeper there are loams that filter groundwater. The thickness of this loamy layer can reach 50 m. The aquifer in the sand is located at a depth of 5 to 15 m, so you can even drill a well to such a depth yourself, using the simplest hand tools. Machine drilling will cost money, but it is much faster. The main and only drawback of such a simple system is its short service life, no more than 8 years. After drilling, a casing pipe of the required diameter is installed into the well, the bottom of which should be equipped with many holes for the flow of water from aquifers and a mesh to prevent the entry of pebbles and small stones. Such a well is equipped with surface-type pumping equipment or, better yet, a deep-well pump.

Note that recently many companies have appeared that have drilling equipment that can pierce a thin well right in the basement or even the underground of a private house. For such wells, the optimal solution would be to purchase a pumping station, which is installed in the basement by the specialists themselves who are drilling the well. All you have to do is make the in-house wiring and connect it to the pumping station. This system is advantageous in that it costs less and does not require any pipe insulation work. Fewer pipes will be required for its construction. The disadvantage is that there is not so much water in such a well at one time, but this is compensated by the hydraulic accumulator.

What is an artesian well

This is a very deep (up to 135 m) well, penetrating deep into limestone rocks. This horizon has unlimited supplies of water, and its quality is the best. It is ideal in all sanitary indicators, both chemical and bacteriological. The advantage of such a well is that a pump is not needed to raise water to the surface. At such a depth, the water is under very high pressure from the surrounding rocks, which is forcefully pushed out, even forming fountains.

An important advantage of an artesian well is its durability (50 years or more). However, it is impossible to drill a well of such depth on your own; the help of specialists and heavy drilling equipment is required. In addition, all artesian wells require mandatory registration, since water deposits at a given depth are a mineral and are subject to the legislation on subsoil, which is a strategic reserve of the state. Water is supplied to the house directly under the pressure of the subsoil or a pumping station.

Stages of work to supply water from a well

Whatever well you use to organize the water supply for your country house, it will require certain equipment, which should be installed in the following order:

1. It is necessary to purchase a deep-well pump of sufficient power, which will allow not only to lift water from the depth of the well, but also to create sufficient pressure in the system to allow all plumbing fixtures to function properly. The characteristics of the pumps are available in the technical documentation for them. The deep pump is lowered directly into the well and suspended by a steel cable. It should not touch the bottom of the well, but at the same time it should be far from the water surface. The cable supplying electricity to the pump must be waterproof.
2. Then an automation unit is installed that allows you to control the entire operation of the pump. This automation is equipped with protective devices that protect the expensive unit from power surges, overheating or dry running. Attention! This stage should not be ignored, since in conditions of constantly fluctuating voltage, pump failure is a matter of time.
3. It is advisable to equip such systems with a capacious hydropneumatic tank, which not only accumulates water and reduces the number of pump starts and stops, but eliminates the risk of water hammer, which can lead to equipment failure. The best option for a country house is a 100 liter hydraulic accumulator.
4. Another important structure that protects the system from freezing is the caisson. It should be installed at such a depth that there is no freezing of the soil there. All wiring to the house comes from him. This structure must be carefully insulated with heat-insulating material, preferably polystyrene foam, as it does not get wet.

Quite a lot has been said about the external water supply system, so let’s move on to considering the internal wiring arrangement.

How to design an internal water supply system in a private house with your own hands

Making internal wiring in a house with your own hands is much easier than digging a well or drilling a well. To do this, you need to stock up on the required number of 1/2Ø and 3/4Ø plastic pipes, shut-off valves and various kinds of fittings for the pipeline. If necessary, you can build a collector that will significantly increase the efficiency of the entire pipeline system. To construct a water supply system inside your home with your own hands, you don’t need many tools. For polypropylene pipes, you will need a soldering iron and scissors to cut these pipes. Metal-plastic pipes generally require only a set of wrenches and the same scissors. To know how many and what fittings you need, you need, as mentioned at the beginning, to make a detailed pipeline design.

If you do not have the skills to work with a soldering iron or assemble pipelines in general, then you should think about whether it would be better to entrust this work to specialists. If you still decide to cope on your own, then first practice on pipe scraps so as not to spoil the entire system and follow the recommendations of specialists.

Thus, the construction of an autonomous water supply system for a country house “from scratch” is quite labor-intensive and resource-intensive, but feasible for those who are not afraid of physical labor and know how to use hand tools.

Water supply to a house is an objective condition for the normal living of its residents. SNiP 2.04.01-85 “Rate of water consumption by consumers” regulates water consumption in the range from 80 to 230 liters. per day per resident. Consumption depends on the availability of centralized water supply, sewerage, bath or shower, the presence of a water heating column and other factors.

In multi-storey and communal buildings this issue is resolved by connecting to the central water supply system. For a private country house or cottage, you have to provide your own water supply.

Of course, once you can bring water from an external source in the amount of needs it will not be difficult. But how to provide water to a family for a long time?

This article will help solve this problem, in which the types of water supply, diagrams, systems and methods of their construction are structured in detail. The nuances of doing the main types of work with your own hands are also indicated.

Types and methods of water supply to a private home

From the perspective of the dependence of the water supply source on external factors, two fundamentally different types of water delivery to the user can be distinguished:

Centralized water supply at home

In essence, the same autonomous, but within the region. In this case, the user does not need to worry about arranging a source of water. All you need to do is connect (cut into) the central water main.

Connecting the house to the central water supply

All actions come down to the step-by-step implementation of a number of requirements, including:

• contacting the regional utility organization MPUVKH KP "Vodokanal" (Municipal Enterprise "Water Supply and Sewerage Management"), which controls the central main;

• obtaining technical characteristics of the insert. The document contains data on the location of connection of the user's pipe system to the main line and its depth. In addition, the diameter of the main pipes is indicated there and, accordingly, instructions for choosing home pipe distribution. The water pressure indicator (guaranteed water pressure) is also indicated here;

• receive an estimate for connection, which is developed by a utility or contractor;

• control the execution of work. Which are also usually performed by UPKH;

• perform system testing.

Advantages of central water supply: convenience, simplicity.

Disadvantages: fluctuations in water pressure, questionable quality of incoming water, dependence on central supplies, high cost of water.

Autonomous water supply at home

You can independently provide water supply to your dacha, private or country house using an autonomous water supply. In essence, this is an integrated approach that includes measures for installing a water supply system, starting with providing a source of water supply, ending with its discharge into the sewer system.

An autonomous water supply system can be presented in the form of two component subsystems:

• water delivery: imported, groundwater, from an open source;

• supply to points of consumption: gravity, using a pump, with the installation of a pumping station.

Therefore, in a generalized form, two water supply schemes can be distinguished: gravity (storage container with water) and automatic water supply.

Using a container (water tank)

The essence of the autonomous water supply scheme for a house is that water is supplied to the tank using a pump or poured manually.

Water flows to the user by gravity. After all the water in the tank has been used, it is filled again to the maximum possible level.

This method is supported by its simplicity; it is suitable if water is needed from time to time. For example, in a country house that is not visited often or in a utility room.

This water supply arrangement, despite its simplicity and low cost, is too primitive, inconvenient and, moreover, creates a significant weight on the interfloor (attic) floor. As a result, the system has not found widespread use and is more suitable as a temporary option.

Using an automatic water supply system

This diagram demonstrates the functioning of a fully autonomous water supply system for a private home. Water is supplied to the system and to the user using a system of components.

This is what we will talk about in more detail.

You can implement a completely autonomous water supply for a private home on your own by implementing one of the schemes. There are several device options to choose from:

1. Water from open sources

These can be surface sources: ponds, rivers, lakes. In some cases, such sources may be water purification systems. But in our country they are not yet widespread.

Important! Water from most open sources is not suitable for consumption. It can only be used for irrigation or other technical needs.

Obtaining water from an open source requires the creation of sanitary protection of water intake sites and is regulated by the provisions of SanPiN 2.1.4.027-9 “Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines.”

2. Water from underground sources: pools and aquifers

This water is, in most cases, suitable for consumption.

How to install water in a private house with your own hands

A step-by-step guide to choosing and installing water supply in a country cottage or country house from A to Z

The house water supply scheme consists of the following elements:

1. water source;
2. pipe system;
3. pump, hydraulic accumulator, automation relay;
4. filters;
5. fittings, valves, check valves and plumbing fixtures;
6. water heating equipment (for hot water supply);
7. sewerage

Element 1. Water source

When starting to ensure autonomous water supply, you should determine the source of water supply and equip it.

Among the subtypes of autonomous water supply with an underground source of water supply are:

1.1 ordinary well;

1.2 Abyssinian well;

1.3 well “for sand”;

1.4 artesian well.

The final choice will depend on the type and characteristics of the soil, the depth of water, and the productivity of the water vein.

1.1 Regular well

A traditional well is preferred when the water vein is located at a depth of 4-15 m. These are the so-called interstratal water sources. In addition to the depth of occurrence, it is important to determine the productivity of the vein. The incoming water must be sufficient to meet the needs of the family and/or household. Using a well, you can ensure a water supply of 500 liters/day.

The undoubted advantages of the well are:

• independence from electricity supplies. This way, in the event of a power outage, water can be collected with a bucket;
• long service life (up to 50 years), which has been tested in practice;
• low cost of work;
• simplicity of the device.

It should be noted that due to the shallow depth of water intake, it may be of poor quality. This is due to the likelihood of groundwater entering the well. The well is also characterized by changes in water level.

Important! When setting up a well, you need to position it correctly in terms of distance from above-ground buildings. It should not be located close to buildings, the optimal distance is 5 m (this will prevent erosion of the foundation of the building). In this case, the distance to direct sources of pollution (gutter, toilet, other sources) must be at least 50 m.

To dig a well you need to perform a number of steps:

• take a water sample;

Important! Before installing a well on your property, try your neighbors’ water, or better yet, have it analyzed. It may happen that the water will be unfit for consumption and all efforts will be in vain.

• obtain a conclusion about the quality of the soil and the depth of the aquifer. In practice, wells are often dug “by eye”;

• determine the place to dig a well. To do this, you can involve specialists and use special devices - indicator frames. And you can watch the dew for several months. The greatest accumulation of dew in a certain place indicates the proximity of water;

• choose a building material for finishing the walls of the well (shaft). The following materials are most often used for these purposes:

Reinforced concrete rings, which are manufactured in factories or cast independently. Their diameter is 1-1.5 m.p., and the estimated service life is up to 50 years. The obvious advantage of using rings is the possibility of deepening up to 20 m, high speed and greater safety of work. In addition, rings are installed as work progresses;

Small-piece materials: brick, rubble stone. This material is only suitable for wells with a depth of no more than 3-4 m. Its use significantly increases the labor intensity of the work;

Treated logs. For finishing shaft wells, logs made of wood that are resistant to exposure to high humidity are suitable. These include oak, larch, and pine. The diameter of the logs must be at least 120 mm.

• dig a well shaft. To reduce the cost of work, this is usually done manually. You can determine the dimensions of the shaft in this way: measure the diameter of the concrete circles, measure their thickness and add 10-15 cm to the backfill. Then, with a circle diameter of 1 m and a thickness of 10 cm, the diameter of the shaft will be 1.4 m. If you plan to use another material, for example, brick, then it is enough to indicate the desired diameter of the well and add two thicknesses of material to it;

• finish the well - internal and external.

1.2 Abyssinian well

Water supply to a country house from an Abyssinian well or needle well is the easiest way to get water at minimal cost. To do this, just follow a number of steps:

• check the water;
• choose a place for a well;
• hammer a needle hole;
• install a check valve and pump (manual or automatic).

The reason for the increased popularity of wells is the purity of the incoming water, tightness, ease of drilling, the ability to connect a pump, and a long service life (up to 30 years), a significant amount of incoming water - more than 1000 l/day. Among the disadvantages are the shallow driving depth and dependence on the composition of the soil.

1.3 Sand well

In this case, water also comes from interstratal sources. A sand well makes it possible to obtain cleaner water, since the aquifers are located after the loam, which filters the water.

Thus, the well is used if the depth of the aquifer reaches 40 m.p.

The well has a shorter service life (up to 10 years) and can produce up to 50 cubic meters. water per day. The well is distinguished by ease of drilling and less soil excavation.

A detailed description of how to make a well with graphical visualization is presented in the video

1.4 Artesian well

Allows the use of water from significant depths. The depth of the well reaches 150 m, which allows you to obtain high quality water. The unlimited supply of water is also an argument in favor of an artesian well. At the same time, the service life of the well increases compared to the previous option to 50 years.

The method of drilling an artesian well is identical to the previous one. The only difference is that a mechanical drilling method is used: auger, rotary, core or percussion-rope. The well design is shown in the diagram.

Important! By law, artesian water is a strategic reserve of the state. Therefore, there is a need to register an artesian well.

Element 2. Pipes for water supply

Water supply cannot be organized without installing an extensive system of pipes, both external and internal, and a water tank.

Galvanized, polyethylene, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes are used for wiring.

Important! Using plastic pipes will prevent rust and leakage. They are also more convenient to give the desired shape. The estimated service life of a polypropylene pipe is 50 years.

External pipes are laid in the ground.

Important! The depth of pipe laying depends on the level of soil freezing (indicated in SNiPs; for central Russia the depth is about 1.5 m). The pipes are located below this value. In this case, the system is not in danger of freezing and, as a result, deformation.

Advice. To prevent water from stagnating in the pipe, it must be laid at an angle to the house.

Next, one end of the pipe is inserted into the house (for this, a hole is left in the foundation into which a steel pipe is placed. It will prevent deformation of the water supply pipe if the house shrinks). The second one is lowered into the well.

Element 3. Pump or pumping station for water supply

The pump can be installed in the house (basement or utility room)

Or it can be installed in a caisson or pit (directly above the well). The diagram shows the installation of a submersible pump and a surface pump in a caisson.

To get a caisson you need to dig a hole 2-3 m deep. Lay a sand-crushed stone cushion on the bottom and fill it with concrete. It is convenient to lay the walls with bricks. A pump is installed in the caisson, and the contour of the caisson is filled with concrete (layer about 0.4 m).

There are two types of pumps:

Submersible pumps. They plunge into water (well, borehole) and raise the water. For convenience, such pumps are equipped with automation, which allows you to pump water from your home.

Surface pumps. They are pumping stations equipped with a hydraulic accumulator and a relay.

The hydraulic accumulator performs the functions of a water tower.

Relay - regulates the pressure of the pumping station.

Operating principle of a surface pump

The principle of operation is as follows: the pump supplies water to the accumulator, which accumulates it. After the water is turned on in the house, the pressure in the system decreases. After reaching a critical level of 2.2 bar, the relay turns on, which in turn turns on the pump. The pump supplies water to the accumulator until the pressure is restored to 3 bar. After this, the relay turns off the pump.

You can select a pump based on the following data:

• depth of water (bottom of a well or borehole);
• height of water in the source shaft;
• height of the water point;
• volume of water consumed (m3).

The water intake pipe of the pump is lowered into the source. To avoid clogging of the pipe, filters are installed on its edge.

Important! The pipe is installed at a distance of 20-40 cm from the bottom (gravel cushion). The distance is determined by the height of the water at the source.

Advice. To prevent the pipe in a traditional well from moving, it must be secured to a special pin located at the bottom.

Element 4. Filters for the water supply system

Cleaning the water entering the pipe system is an important aspect of the water supply at home. Two types of filters are used for cleaning:

The first is installed on the edge of the pipe placed in the well. It purifies water from mechanical impurities;

The second is directly in the house and can be a complex multi-stage filter system. Water purification diagram in the figure.

Item 5. Fittings, valves and plumbing

These are the elements that are necessary for a hermetically sealed connection of pipes with each other and with other devices.

Important! To prevent system rupture and water leakage, try to use only high-quality shut-off valves.

Plumbing fixtures include: taps, waste tanks, water seals (siphons). You shouldn't skimp on their quality either.

Element 6. Water heating equipment

Will be needed if there is a need for hot water supply, i.e. almost always.

Important! To arrange hot water supply, it is necessary to provide a separate outlet to the heating device.

In this case, there are several options for choosing heating equipment:

• double-circuit boiler. It will simultaneously heat water for heating and domestic needs;

• single-circuit boiler. Designed exclusively for heating water for user needs. A boiler is required for such a boiler. In this case, the boiler can be storage or flow-through. In the first case, it becomes possible to heat a large volume of water;

• electric storage water heater, allowing to satisfy the need for hot water of a significant number of users;

• several instantaneous water heaters. They will heat water for each consumer individually. This system allows for more efficient use of electricity for heating water.

Element 7. Sewerage

Once the location for draining the used water has been determined, the process of arranging the water supply can be considered complete.

Water drainage is an essential component and the more water is consumed, the more it needs to be drained. This means we need to approach this stage responsibly. There are also two options here:

• crash into the central sewer;

• equip your own autonomous sewerage system. A septic tank or sedimentation tank is designed to collect water. Concrete and plastic septic tanks are shown in the photo. And their volume and quantity (total volume) depends on the amount of water consumed.

The video explains the rules for building a septic tank for a country house.

The water supply process from design to construction is shown in the video

Conclusion

As you can see, there are different water supply schemes for a private home, from simple to complex; accordingly, some will be cheaper, while others will be more expensive. Also, the cost of water supply is affected by the structural soundness, i.e. you will need a water supply device that operates periodically (temporarily) or year-round - in winter and summer. In any case, the implementation of each system is possible with your own hands, but requires knowledge and skills.

Many city residents dream of their own private home. And if not about permanent housing, then at least temporary - in the form of a summer house, where you can come from time to time and take a break from the bustle of the city. However, although such a life is wonderful, without the usual comfortable conditions, life in a private house will not seem entirely attractive, especially for those who used them every day.

A special feature of private houses is that most of them do not have running water. As a result, people have to dodge, dig wells, etc. But the presence of these sources of water does not make it possible to easily take a shower, wash dishes from the tap, wash things in an automatic washing machine, and so on. To fulfill only some of these conditions you will have to struggle while carrying water.

In order for all these benefits of civilization to become accessible, it is necessary to ensure an autonomous water supply.

Water supply scheme for a private house

The water supply system must make it possible to ensure the extraction of water, purification to the required level and supply to the consumer, that is, to the tap under the appropriate pressure. In addition, water is needed for the heating system and for domestic use, and finally it needs to be put somewhere.

The general diagram of the water supply system of a private house looks like this:

1. A source of water, which can be from a well, a nearby body of water, a borehole, and so on.
2. A pump designed to lift water to the surface and also supply it to the house.
3. Pipeline for pumping water.
4. A distribution manifold that will distribute water based on water demand.
5. It is also possible to install a hydraulic accumulator, which will be needed to ensure the required pressure in the system. Using it you can control the operation of the pump.
6. A water heating device to ensure hot water supply in the house.
7. Additional equipment depending on the specific system.

How to organize an autonomous water supply with your own hands

The organization of autonomous water supply in a private house must begin with the water source. Most often, there are several options for solving the problem:

1. artesian well;
2. well “for sand”;
3. well.

The simplest design, but there is not very much water in it, and the cleanliness is not always high.

A sand well provides water from an aquifer located at a depth of 10-30 meters. From there, production is carried out using a submersible pump. The water coming from the well is of fairly good quality, but the source must be monitored to avoid silting. Also in this case, it is advisable to provide additional filtration.

The most labor-intensive and expensive source of water will be an artesian well, which will provide excellent clean water. In this case, water can be provided to several houses at once. Neighbors can cooperate. However, the source will need to be registered with government agencies, because they belong to the country’s strategic reserves.

Project development

The installation of a water supply should begin with the development of a project. This will allow you to first take into account all the details and little things: where you need to supply water, pressure power, number of taps, pipes, equipment, and so on.

Selecting a water supply system

Well drilling

Drilling is carried out using a special drill on a drilling rig, which uniformly extracts soil to the aquifer. If the water will be used for permanent water supply, then it is advisable to invite specialists.

Important! It is necessary to take into account the proximity to the house, the presence of access roads and the absence of buildings on the site.

1. When drilling the upper layers, the well walls are strengthened using a special cement mixture.
2. Next, the drilling technology is selected based on the type of soil, that is, the drilling or percussion method can be used.
3. When the aquifer is reached, the well is deepened by about 8-10 meters.
4. To prevent collapse of the well walls, they are strengthened by installing a special pipe that has slotted filters and external cementation.
5. To prevent the outlet pipe from freezing in winter, it should be insulated. Therefore, a special heated room is created on top or an underground caisson is made where the plumbing will be connected.

Water supply from a well

The well is one of them, because it combines practical and aesthetic components.

Choosing a location for a well. It is necessary that it be located at least 30 meters from all possible sources of pollution, that is, a toilet or cesspool.

Wall material. It is allowed to use traditional wood or reinforced concrete rings. The latter are becoming increasingly popular today, because their installation is much faster and easier. However, their installation requires the use of special equipment to lower the rings into a dug well.

Season. It is preferable to dig a well during a dry period. This will ensure that the water minimum is determined.

Digging a well:

1. Digging a clay castle to protect against possible influx of upper waters.
2. Digging a mine. Traditionally, wells are dug by hand by a team. Of course, you can use special equipment, but it can disturb the layer of soil around the well.
3. As you deepen, the walls should be strengthened to avoid collapse. This is especially important if there are loose layers.
4. After reaching the aquifer, they begin pumping out the water and deepen it an additional 1.5-2 m.
5. Installation of reinforced concrete rings is carried out from the lower layers.
6. Finally, the joints are sealed.

Also, in order to ensure the organization of a constant water supply, a special room is built above the well.

Water pumps

In order for water to flow into the house, a pump is needed that will lift water from a well or well. Pumps can be:

1. superficial– they are designed for pumping water from a depth of no more than 9 meters;
2. submersible– they are capable of pumping water from a significant depth – 10-150 meters.

Submersible pumps are installed directly in a well or well. They are much more reliable and durable than surface ones, making them a good option for a permanent water supply.

Water supply based on a submersible pump

Such a system includes a pump with a check valve, a filtration unit, a hydraulic accumulator, an automation unit, control and shut-off valves, as well as a distribution pipeline.

When choosing a submersible pump, it is necessary that it be of high quality and have an impeller made of stainless steel. This will ensure its long-term and reliable operation.

To ensure autonomous operation of the water supply system, it is necessary to use a pump, a hydraulic accumulator and an automation unit.

It looks like a tank that stores water; it will provide water even if some trouble happens and the pump fails. A certain pressure is created in it, and water under pressure can be supplied to the house for several hours.

It is advisable to choose automatic pumping stations with a cast iron or stainless steel body - they are more reliable. Of course, there are products with a plastic body that are lighter in weight, cost less and are not subject to corrosion. But there is a danger that the plastic case may become deformed or crack. steels have the highest wear resistance.

The autonomous water supply system will include:

1. water-lifting equipment in the form of a pump;
2. pipeline with the necessary combs, couplings and taps;
3. special equipment that ensures the creation of a certain pressure - this could be a hydraulic accumulator and so on;
4. equipment that will allow you to purify water from suspended particles and impurities;
5. equipment designed to control water supply and provide automatic protection against emergency situations.

How can individual water supply be organized in a private home? Today we will get acquainted with possible sources of water, the schemes used for its supply, and study equipment and materials for autonomous and centralized water supply. Let's hit the road!

Sources

Here is a list of possible water sources for the cottage:

• Main water supply;
• The so-called country water supply system with water supply for irrigation according to a schedule(usually 2-3 times a week). In warm regions, country water supply systems are used year-round. In this case, the task comes down to creating a water reserve for its continuous supply;

• Well or using the upper aquifer. The advantage of this solution is its low cost, the disadvantage is the low quality of water, which is polluted by rain and melt water coming from the surface, as well as by the contents of nearby cesspools and leaky septic tanks filtering through the ground;

Please note: the minimum permissible distance from a well with drinking water to a septic tank or cesspool is 50 meters.

• , exploiting an aquifer surrounded by impermeable layers. The quality of artesian water is noticeably higher, but the costs of drilling a well are also higher: its depth can reach 70-100 meters;

• Finally, if your site does not have running water and there is rocky soil under your feet, the water supply to your home can be provided by imported water from a container.

In addition: non-potable water is allowed to be supplied to toilets and urinals, the source of which can be any open body of water or a barrel installed under the drain.

Regulatory Requirements

Now it's time to study the regulations. Do they have any recommendations regarding what is needed to supply water to a private home?

The source of information for us will be the set of rules numbered 30.13330.2012, which regulates the construction of internal water supply and sewerage systems. For the convenience of the reader, we will highlight the points of the joint venture that are relevant to our case.

• The temperature of hot water at the outlet of the tap or mixer should be in the range of 60-75 degrees;
• If there is a significant distance from the water heater to distant water points in the hot water supply system, continuous circulation of water should be provided;

• in places where it is dismantled, it should not be higher than 4.5 kgf/cm2 and lower than the value recommended by manufacturers of plumbing equipment and equipment connected to the water supply;

Hint: all household and sanitary equipment that the author encountered in one way or another remained operational at pressures above 0.3 kgf/cm2. This value can be considered the minimum acceptable.

• If the pressure at the water supply inlet is higher than the standard, inlet;

• When laying water supply and sewer systems together, water supply pipes are mounted on top. When laying hot and cold water supply pipes together, the DHW distribution is carried out above the cold water distribution;

• Long sections of DHW fillings and connections made of polymeric materials (primarily polypropylene) must be equipped with compensators for elongation when heated;

• For cold water supply, it is allowed to use materials with a calculated service life at standard pressure of at least 50 years, for hot water - 25. At the same time, the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline should not increase during its operation;

• With an average daily water consumption of less than 10 cubic meters (that is, in almost any private house), the diameter of the water meter at the inlet should be 15 millimeters;

• Shut-off valves and a coarse filter are installed in front of the meter.

Circuits and equipment

How and using what equipment can you provide water supply in a private house with your own hands? Implementation predictably depends on the source of water.

Centralized water supply

The connection to the main water supply is carried out in a water meter well. As a rule, each cottage has its own well; its construction is carried out at the expense of the owner of the house.

Directly after the tie-in, a water meter is installed, including:

The water supply to the house is laid below the freezing level of the soil. It is better to mount it with a polymer pipe without reinforcement (polyethylene or polypropylene): these materials, due to their elasticity, can withstand soil movements and even defrosting followed by thawing without destruction.

Country water supply

How to provide water supply in a private house if water is supplied on schedule?

In order to ensure its supply around the clock, we will need a storage tank. As a rule, food-grade polyethylene tanks are used to store water supplies. The volume of the tank is equal to the product of average daily consumption and the maximum interval between turning on the country water supply.

The filling float valve is responsible for automatically filling the storage tank when water is supplied.

Water supply from a tank can be organized in two fundamentally different ways:

1. By gravity;
2. Using a pumping station.

In the first case, the tank is installed in the attic of the house or under the ceiling of its upper floor. The water supply is connected to its lower connection through a tap, which allows you to drain the water supply system without draining the water from the container.

This scheme is simple, non-volatile, trouble-free, but has several rather unpleasant shortcomings:

• In winter, a tank installed in a cold attic will require insulation and cable heating;
• Not everyone will find a water pressure of 3-4 meters comfortable;
• In a house with wooden floors, the water supply will be limited by their load-bearing capacity.

All these problems can be successfully solved by purchasing a pumping station. This is the name of an installation for water supply to a private home, consisting of a centrifugal pump, a hydraulic accumulator and an automatic pressure switch.

The pump creates pressure, a relay controls its operation depending on the current pressure in the water supply, and the membrane tank acts as a receiver, stabilizing the pressure and increasing the life of the pump by reducing the number of its starts.

Here is the water supply estimate for a private home:

What you should pay attention to when installing such a circuit:

• The float valve is connected directly to the water supply to the house or to the country water supply, to other water supply points;
• After the tapping to connect the fill valve, a check valve or ball valve is installed at the inlet. The check valve will ensure automatic switching from the water supply to the container and back, but a closed tap will force the water in the storage tank to be continuously renewed even with a stable inlet pressure;

• Another check valve should be located between the pumping station and the tank. Without it, the water under pressure in the accumulator will return to the container immediately after the pump is turned off;

• The section of pipeline between the tank and the pumping station must have the same internal diameter as the suction pipe of the pump. Underestimating the pipe cross-section will lead to a drop in station productivity.

Captain Obviousness suggests: water supply with imported water from a container is also implemented using one of the methods described above - by gravity or using a pumping station.

Well

Now let's look at the procedure for water supply in a private house from a well or shallow (up to 20-25 meters) well.

The equipment responsible for raising water and creating pressure is already familiar to us - this is a pumping station. It’s worth making a small digression here.

Most pumping stations have a water suction depth of 8 meters. The limitation is not related to the parameters of the pumps, but to the amount of atmospheric pressure: it is this that ensures the rise of water in the suction pipe when a vacuum is created in it.

Reference: excess pressure in the atmosphere (that is, with absolute vacuum in the suction pipe) can raise water to a height of 10 meters.

However, this limitation is successfully overcome by manufacturers of pumping stations with an external ejector. They use the Bernoulli effect (a drop in hydrostatic pressure in a stream of liquid or gas as the flow speed increases) to lift water from a depth of up to 25 meters.

Water with excess pressure is supplied by a pump to the ejector and, when flowing into the suction pipe, carries with it water from the well or well.

Important: the suction pipe of the pumping station is equipped with a check valve and a filter to protect against sand. Without a check valve, water from the accumulator will drain back immediately after the pump is turned off.

Well

When the well is deep enough, a submersible pump is used to lift water.

The pressure generated by the pump is calculated as the sum of several values:

• Distances from the ground surface to the water surface;
• Heights above the ground of the upper point of water intake;
• Excessive pressure (10-15 meters);
• A reserve of 10-20 meters (depending on the distance between the house and the well), compensating for hydraulic losses at the input.

In addition to the pump, the following are responsible for the water supply of a private household:

• Check valve at the pump outlet;

• Diaphragm tank-receiver;
• Pressure switch.

In addition: the service life of the pump can significantly increase the frequency converter for water supply to a private home. It ensures a smooth start of the electric motor and control of its speed depending on the current water flow.

Water purification

As already mentioned, water from wells and shallow wells often does not meet the requirements of current Sanitary Regulations and Regulations for drinking water and requires additional purification. A filter for the water supply of a private home can be installed at the inlet or directly at the drinking water collection point (usually in the kitchen).

The second scheme significantly increases the resource of replaceable filter cartridges: water for household needs does not require purification.

Hot water supply

The following may be responsible for heating water:

Materials

What materials are used for water distribution in a cottage?

Let's remember what parameters the autonomous water supply system operates with.

• The pressure does not exceed 4.5 kgf/cm2. If necessary (for example, when connecting a cottage to the main water supply in a multi-story building), it is limited by a pressure reducer;

• The hot water temperature is set by the owner and does not exceed 75 degrees;
• Water hammer in a small closed circuit is excluded.

If so, the water supply system does not need a significant margin of safety. When installing it, you can use inexpensive polymer and composite materials that have a solid service life at minimal cost:

• Polypropylene pipes with welding fittings;

• Metal-plastic pipes with compression and press fittings;
• Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) on compression fittings and molecular memory fittings;
• Heat-resistant PERT polyethylene with socket weld-on fittings.

Useful: the last two materials are usually used for hidden collector water distribution.

Conclusion

We hope that we were able to answer the questions that our dear reader has accumulated. The video in this article will allow you to learn more about how water supply and sanitation of a private home can be implemented. Good luck!