Our world is constantly developing, we create new technologies, build factories and cities, use existing natural resources, cut down forests and hunt. Animals and plants try to compete with humans and domesticated animals for resources and space, but many of them lose in such conditions in the struggle for existence. The reader may be interested, which visually compares the number of people, domesticated and wild land mammals.
In this article you can find information about how many species and under what categories were in the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2013, which of them are on the verge of extinction in Russia, which There are trends in changes in the world's biodiversity and groups of species that are under threat of extinction. Information about latest update of the Red Book 2014 can be found in .
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Extinct animals in photographs. These 10 Animals Have Completely Disappeared
Number of domestic animals and people vs wild animals. Diagram
The population of our planet is increasing year by year, but the number of wild animals, on the contrary, is decreasing.
Humanity is influencing the extinction of a large number of animal species by expanding its cities, thereby robbing the fauna of their natural habitats. A very important role is played by the fact that people are constantly developing more and more new lands for crops and crops.
It should be noted that sometimes the expansion of megacities has a positive effect on some species of animals: rats, pigeons, crows.
Conservation of biological diversity
At the moment, it is very important to preserve everything, because it was created by nature millions of years ago. The diversity of animals presented is not just a random accumulation, but a single coordinated working connection. The extinction of any species will cause major changes to the entire ecosystem. Each species is very important and unique for our world.
As for endangered unique species of animals and birds, they should be treated with special care and protection. Since they are the most vulnerable and humanity can lose this species at any time. It is the conservation of rare species of animals that becomes a primary task for each state and people in particular.
The main reasons for the loss of various animal species are: degeneration of the animal's habitat; uncontrolled hunting in prohibited areas; killing animals to create products; habitat pollution. All countries of the world have certain laws to protect against extermination of wild animals, regulating rational hunting and fishing; in Russia there is a law on hunting and use of wildlife.
At the moment, there is the so-called Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, established in 1948, where all rare animals and plants are listed. In the Russian Federation there is a similar one, where a record of our country’s endangered species is kept. Thanks to the state policy, it was possible to save sables and saigas, which were on the verge of extinction, from extinction. Now it is even allowed to hunt them. The number of kulans and bison has increased.
Saigas could have disappeared from the face of the Earth
The alarm about the extinction of biological species is not far-fetched. So, if we take the period from the beginning of the seventeenth century to the end of the twentieth (about three hundred years), 68 species of mammals and 130 species of birds became extinct.
According to statistics maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, one species or subspecies is destroyed every year. The phenomenon of partial extinction, that is, extinction in certain countries, has become very common. So in Russia in the Caucasus, humans contributed to the fact that nine species have already become extinct. Although this happened before: according to archaeological reports, musk oxen were in Russia 200 years ago, and in Alaska they were recorded before 1900. But there are still species that we can lose in a short time.
List of endangered animals
3. . The reproduction of sea lions is negatively affected by deteriorating environmental conditions, as well as infection from wild dogs.
4. Cheetah. They are killed by farmers because cheetahs prey on livestock. They are also hunted by poachers for their skins.
5. . The decline of the species is due to degradation of their habitat, illegal trade in their young, and infectious contamination.
6. . Their population has been reduced by climate change and poaching.
7. Collared sloth. The population is declining due to tropical deforestation.
8. . The main threat is poachers who sell rhino horn on the black market.
9. . The species is being forced out of its habitat. Animals have a low birth rate in principle.
10. . This species is also a victim of poaching as ivory is of great value.
eleven. . This species was actively hunted for its pelts and pasture competition.
12. . Changes in the bears' habitat due to global warming are affecting the decline of the species.
13. . The population is declining due to.
14. . The species has been reduced due to hunting and the danger of bears to humans.
15. . The species is being destroyed due to conflicts with people, active hunting, infectious diseases and climate change.
16. Galapagos tortoise. They were actively destroyed and their habitats were changed. Animals that were brought to the Galapagos had a negative impact on their reproduction.
17. . The species is declining due to natural disasters and poaching.
18. . The population has been reduced due to shark fishing.
19. . The species is becoming extinct due to infectious diseases and habitat changes.
20. . Illegal trade in animal meat and bones has led to a decline in the population.
21. . The population suffers due to constant oil spills.
22. . The species is declining due to whaling.
23. . The species has become a victim of poaching.
24. . Animals are suffering due to habitat loss.
25. . The population is declining due to urbanization processes and active deforestation.
The list of endangered animals is not limited to these species. As we see, the main threat is a person and the consequences of his activities. There are government programs for the conservation of endangered animals. And every person can make a contribution to the conservation of endangered animal species.
World Animal Day, designed to unite people's efforts to preserve the animal world of our planet and protect the rights of domestic animals, is celebrated on October 4. Every day dozens of flora and fauna are disappearing on Earth. One of the ways to fight for the preservation of biodiversity on our planet is to protect rare and endangered species of plants and animals.
Snow leopard (irbis)- a rare, small species. In the Red Book of the Russian Federation, it is assigned the first category - “a species that is in danger of extinction at the limit of its range.” The total number of snow leopards in Russia, according to WWF (World Wildlife Fund) experts, is no more than 80-100 individuals.
Amur tiger- one of the rarest predators on the planet, the largest tiger in the world, the only representative of the species living in the snow. The Amur tiger is listed in the International Red Book; in Russia, these animals live only in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories. According to the latest census, the population of the rare animal in the Russian Federation numbers about 450 individuals.
Far Eastern leopard– a subspecies of leopards of the class of mammals, order of carnivores, family of cats. This is one of the rarest representatives of the cat family in the world. Many experts consider the Far Eastern leopard to be the most beautiful subspecies of leopards and often compare it to the snow leopard. The south of Primorsky Krai is the only habitat of the Far Eastern leopard in Russia. According to the latest census, there are currently about 50 leopards living in the Ussuri taiga. Scientists from many countries and WWF are concerned about the conservation of the endangered species.
Manul- a rare predator of the steppes and semi-steppes of Eurasia - listed in the international and Russian Red Books. This wild cat has a status close to endangered. According to scientists, the animal's population is declining. In addition, it is threatened by poachers, and there is a threat of disappearance of suitable habitats. Russia is the northernmost habitat of this animal; here the Pallas's cat is found mainly in the mountain-steppe and desert-steppe landscapes of the southeast of the Altai Republic, in the republics of Tuva, Buryatia, as well as in the southeastern part of the Trans-Baikal Territory.
Komodo dragon- a species of lizard from the monitor lizard family, the largest lizard of the world fauna. According to one hypothesis, it was the monitor lizards of the Indonesian island of Komodo that served as the prototype of the Chinese dragon: an adult Varanus Komodoensis can exceed three meters in length and weigh more than one and a half centners. This largest lizard on Earth, which can kill a deer with one blow of its tail, is found only in Indonesia and is one of the endangered species of animals.
Over the past 20 years, the number Sumatran rhinoceroses decreased by about 50% due to poaching and deforestation. Currently, only about 200 representatives of this species live in Southeast Asia. There are five species of rhinoceros known in the world: three in South and Southeast Asia and two in Africa. All species of rhinoceroses are listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. WWF reported in October of this year that one species of rhinoceros - the Javan - was completely destroyed in Vietnam.
Loggerhead- a species of sea turtle, the only representative of the genus of loggerhead sea turtles, or loggerhead sea turtles. This species is widespread in the waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, in the Mediterranean Sea; loggerhead can be found in the Far East (Peter the Great Bay) and in the Barents Sea (near Murmansk). The meat of this turtle was considered far from the most delicious; only local tribes consumed it, but its eggs were a delicacy. Their unlimited collection has led to a very serious decline in the number of this turtle species over the past 50-100 years. This species of turtle is listed in the Convention on International Trade in Species of Wild Flora and Fauna and in the Red Book and is protected by the laws of Cyprus, Greece, the USA, and Italy.
Sea otter or sea otter, is a predatory marine mammal of the mustelid family, a species close to otters. The sea otter has a number of unique features of adaptation to the marine environment, and is also one of the few non-primate animals that use tools. Sea otters live on the northern shores of the Pacific Ocean in Russia, Japan, the USA and Canada. In the 18th-19th centuries, sea otters were subjected to predatory extermination because of their valuable fur, as a result of which the species was on the verge of extinction. In the twentieth century, sea otters were listed in the Red Book of the USSR, as well as in the protection documents of other countries. As of 2009, hunting sea otters is virtually prohibited in all regions of the world. Only the indigenous population of Alaska - the Aleuts and Eskimos - are allowed to hunt sea otters, and exclusively to support the folk crafts and food ration that have historically developed in this region.
Bison is the heaviest and largest land mammal on the European continent and the last European representative of wild bulls. Its length is 330 cm, height at the withers is up to two meters, and its weight reaches one ton. Destruction of forests, increasing density of human settlements and intensive hunting in the 17th and 18th centuries exterminated the bison in almost all European countries. At the beginning of the 19th century, wild bison apparently remained only in two regions: the Caucasus and Belovezhskaya Pushcha. The number of animals was about 500 and declined over the course of the century, despite protection by the Russian authorities. In 1921, as a result of the anarchy during and after the First World War, the bison were finally exterminated by poachers. As a result of the targeted activities of many specialists, as of December 31, 1997, there were 1,096 bison in the world in captivity (zoos, nurseries and other reserves), and 1,829 individuals in free populations. The IUCN Red Book classifies this species as vulnerable; in Russia, the Red Book (1998) placed the bison in category 1 - endangered.
African wild dog, or, as it is also called, hyena-like, was once widespread throughout the African steppes and savannas of sub-Saharan Africa - from southern Algeria and Sudan to the extreme southern tip of the continent. The wild dog is included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a small species that is in danger of extinction.
Florida cougar, along with other representatives of its subspecies, is listed in the International Red Book. Hunting for it is prohibited; in addition, the animal is included in Appendix II of the CITES convention, which regulates trade in rare species of animals. Previously, the puma inhabited territories in the south of North America, as well as Central and South America up to Chile. At the same time, a separate population existed in Florida. In the 60s of the last century, due to shooting and development of natural areas, the number of Florida pumas decreased to 20-30 individuals. Thanks to conservation efforts for these small wild cats with their distinctive long legs, the population currently stands at 100-160 individuals.
California condor- a very rare species of bird from the American vulture family. The California condor was once distributed throughout the North American continent. In 1987, when the last free-living condor was captured, the total number was 27. However, thanks to good reproduction in captivity, they began to be released again in 1992. As of November 2010, there were 381 condors, including 192 birds in the wild.
Orangutans- representatives of arboreal apes, one of the close relatives of humans. Unfortunately, orangutans are endangered in the wild, mainly due to ongoing habitat destruction. Despite the creation of national parks, deforestation continues. Another serious threat is poaching.
Last wild ones Przewalski's horses disappeared from nature in the 1960s, by which time they survived only in the desert regions of Dzungaria - on the border of China and Mongolia. But a thousand or more years ago, these animals were widespread in the steppe zone of Eurasia. Currently, there are only about two thousand individuals in the world kept in zoos. About 300-400 more horses live in the steppes of Mongolia and China, also descending from animals from zoos.
Gray whale listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Whales live in the North Pacific Ocean, making regular seasonal migrations. These sea animals hold the record for the longest range of movements: a whale swims an average of 16 thousand kilometers per year. At the same time, the whale is quite slow-moving, its usual speed is 7-10 kilometers per hour. According to zoologists, the maximum recorded lifespan of the gray whale was 67 years.
Rare and endangered species
Rare and endangered species of animals and plants are species that have a very limited range or very rare occurrence, and in endangered species there is a decrease in the number of individuals (sometimes only the probability of such a decrease due to the planned development of the territory occupied by the species). As unique products of the evolutionary process and a valuable gene pool, they require strict protection. A significant part of these species of vertebrates and higher plants are listed in the Red Book of the USSR and in the same books of the Union republics.
Ecological Dictionary. - Alma-Ata: “Science”. B.A. Bykov. 1983.
See what “Rare and endangered species” are in other dictionaries:
Appendix to the article Fritillary List of species included in the genus Fritillaria (Fritillaria) The list is compiled based on the databases of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The Plant List ... Wikipedia
Coordinates: 50°24′55″ N. w. 30°33′45″ E. d. / 50.415278° n. w... Wikipedia
Coordinates... Wikipedia
Mainly species, sometimes larger taxonomic groups of plants and animals, subject to special protection and special regulation of use in order to preserve the Gene Pool, restore the number of rare animals and... ...
This term has other meanings, see Calypso (meanings). ? Calypso ... Wikipedia
This article should be Wikified. Please format it according to the rules for formatting articles... Wikipedia
Nature conservation in the USSR includes a system of state and public measures (biotechnical, technological, economic and administrative-legal) that make it possible to maintain the productivity and attractiveness of nature;... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Rosehip prickly ... Wikipedia
Bekvichia glacial ... Wikipedia
Contents 1 Bioresources 2 Valuation of bioresources 3 Literature ... Wikipedia
Books
- Atlas of wild plants of the Leningrad region, Sorokina I.A.. The atlas contains information about 708 plant species found in the Leningrad region, descriptions of 687 of them are accompanied by original photographs. The photographs do not illustrate...
- Red Book of the Earth Rare and endangered species, Skaldina O., Slizh E. We invite you to get to know the wonderful world of animals of our Earth listed in the Red Book. The popular version of the publication contains important information about the most interesting…
07.07.2013
Today, more and more often, we hear how this or that species of animal is disappearing, some animals are no longer there at all, but once upon a time, for example, 10-15 years ago, we could see them. Humanity is endangering the survival of animals and birds. People are increasingly less likely to think about the threat to animal life. And this is very discouraging. What will happen in 20, 30 years? What will we leave to our grandchildren? This is the top 10 the rarest and endangered animals, Based on data from the World Wildlife Fund.
No. 10. Bison
This is a wild bull. Which is the heaviest in its weight category in all of Europe. Today the number of such animals is about 3,000 individuals.
No. 9. Helmeted cassowary
This is a small bird, which in appearance. What is noteworthy is that this bird does not fly, and its weight can reach up to 80 kg. That's enough for now rare animal only about 1,500 units.
No. 8. Gavial
These are the slowest and rarest crocodiles. In 1970 they were considered extinct animals, but thanks to the artificial breeding program developed in India, they were bred to 1500 individuals, which we can say with complete pride that this species has remained.
No. 7. Giant panda
Giant pandas live in Sichuan and Tebet. In China, this animal is highly valued, as it is the national emblem of this country. The length of such a panda reaches up to 1.2-1.5 meters and weighs from 30 kg to 160 kg. Pandas eat only vegetation, namely bamboo. An adult panda eats up to 30 kg of bamboo. But they do not deny themselves protein foods such as small birds, eggs, and some insects. Total about 1,200 units.
No. 6. Snow leopard (irbis)
The snow leopard lives in central Asia. Such an animal has significantly short legs and a very flexible body; its weight reaches up to 55 kg. Usually such an animal can be found in the highlands. In alpine meadows, rocky areas, steep gorges, treeless cliffs and also snowy areas. The number of this rare animal less than 2000 units.
No. 5. Przewalski's horses
These horses live in Central Asia. There are now about 2,000 individuals throughout the Earth. How do these horses live? Przewalski's horses elect a leader, form a small flock and graze in the field.
No. 4. Mountain gorillas
Today, mountain gorillas, unfortunately, number about 720 individuals, and this is all due to the fact that where they live there are often natural disasters or poachers who only want money from their prey.
No. 3. Amur tiger
Three Top 10 The rarest and endangered species of animals world, discovers the Amur tiger lives in the southeast of Russia, along the banks of the Amur and Ussuri, in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky territories. This tiger differs from others in that only it has a five-centimeter layer of fat on its belly, which helps retain heat in low temperatures and freezing winds.
No. 2. Javan rhinoceros
The length of the Javan rhinoceros is 3 meters, the height of such an animal reaches up to 1.7 meters in height. Rhinoceroses usually have 2 horns, but this rhinoceros is not at all like that; it has only one horn in height, it is about 20 cm. Now on planet Earth there are about 60 such individuals. Now such rhinoceroses live on the island of Java and Indonesia.
No. 1. Chinese river dolphin
Most rare and endangered animals is a Chinese river dolphin that was first discovered in 1918 in Dongting Lake. It was distributed in the central-eastern part of China in the Qiantang River, and in the Dongting and Poyang lakes. The Chinese river dolphin is, incidentally, one of the rarest mammals on Earth. In 1996, its species was listed in the Red Book, in the critical condition section. In the near future, there will be about 5-13 such individuals on Earth.
