Types of billiards. The most famous types of billiards House and house line

Types of billiards

Billiards is a beautiful intellectual game that has many varieties.

Russian billiards is a type of world pocket billiards that reflects the character traits of our people, requiring the player to exert a lot of physical and spiritual strength, high skill, endurance and endurance. Russian billiards is much more “strict” than its foreign counterparts. Games in Russian billiards are played with sixteen relatively large balls, fifteen of which have numbers from one to fifteen, and the sixteenth ball differs from them in a special marking or color (usually yellow or burgundy). The pockets in Russian billiards are much stricter than, for example, in snooker or pool. They require the player to hit with high accuracy. Table sizes range in a fairly wide range - from 6 to 12 feet. However, the 12-foot version is still considered classic. Currently, sports competitions are held in four main types of billiards (pyramids):

1. “Free Pyramid” (formerly “American”);

2. “Combined Pyramid” (formerly “Moscow Pyramid”, or “Sibirka”);

3. “Classical pyramid” (formerly “Russian pyramid”, or “71 points”);

4. “Dynamic Pyramid” (“Neva Pyramid”).

Each of these games has its own nuances and features, but they are all based on the “General Pyramid Rules”, which you will read below. Let us only emphasize that with the change in the name of Russian games, their rules also changed. Although, in fairness, it should be said that the rules changed even before the name of the games was changed.

We also cannot fail to mention other billiard games that have gained wider recognition and popularity in the world. They are already very different from the Russian interpretation of the game, but they have not gone away from the main features of billiards (balls, cue, pockets, table). These are pool, snooker and carom.

Pool is an American pocket billiards, the characteristic features of which are small tables (from 4.5 to 9 feet), fairly large pockets and 16 small multi-colored balls that play into pockets according to certain rules. Pool games are very dynamic, simple in appearance, but very entertaining. The masters' games last literally minutes, which corresponds to the commercial spirit of American billiards. Pool began to spread around the world at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries at a rapid pace, which was greatly facilitated by the advertising of a romantic lifestyle, prize funds and income of the most successful “poolists”-billiard players, and later by the release of bright and exciting films about pool masters.

The ease of mastering the technique of playing pool also increases the number of its fans. Almost everyone can play it - from young to old. Main games: “Nine”, “Eight” and “14+1” (straight pool). Among Russian old-timers of the sport of billiards, there is an opinion that pool was invented by the Americans especially for children. When they spent family evenings in bars drinking beer and whiskey, children naturally disturbed them, so the Americans came up with a small table with six pockets, which were twice the diameter of the balls. To make it even more attractive, they painted half the balls in different solid colors, and made the other half “pockmarked.” But this is most likely just a beautiful fairy tale.

Snooker is an English pocket billiards that is preferred in Great Britain and the countries of the British Commonwealth. Characteristic features of snooker: fairly large tables (from 6 to 12 feet), relatively large pockets and small multi-colored balls.

The game is played according to complex rules with twenty-two balls, of which fifteen are red and seven are multi-colored (of different values). The rules of the game of snooker remained without significant changes for decades, confirming the view of the healthy conservatism of the British. The game requires players to have first-class technology, prudence and high intelligence. This sport has very large prize pools. The kings of snooker earn a million dollars a year. Master of Russian billiards Yuri Sosnin several years ago in our conversation spoke about the types of billiards as follows (after he visited England, where he became addicted to playing snooker): “...If we talk about billiards as, for example, about music, then Russian billiards reminds me of a balalaika orchestra, pool reminds me of an operetta, and snooker is just a symphony!”

Carom is a pocketless billiards that is most widespread in Europe, North Africa, South America, Japan and Indonesia. The slatless table is small in size - 5 to 10 feet. There are most often three small balls on the table, two of which are white and one red.

A carom is a special shot in which the cue ball first touches one ball and then, after making one, two or three sides, must touch another ball. The game requires high technique, a sense of the force of the blow, rotation, it fascinates with the complexity of the trajectory of the cue ball and the originality of the solution to individual combinations.

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Types Tablets come in a variety of colors, sizes and shapes, but the main thing is not this, but how they

Played

The ball is played when, as a result of a correct shot, it enters the pocket. The billiard player retains the right to make the next one.

Hovering ball

If during a strike he stops on target in a pocket in an unstable position, and then falls into it before the stroke is completed, then it is considered played. If it falls into the pocket after the blow has been completed or due to the shaking of the table, then it will not be counted and the referee will place it in its original place.

Popped up ball

The jumper is the one that left the table surface during the strike without falling into the pocket. The aiming ball that pops up is placed on the back mark after the shot, no penalty is imposed, and the shots played by the billiard player are counted. If the cue ball leaves the table, the player receives a penalty, the balls he pocketed do not count, and the cue ball is placed on the table based on the rules of the particular game. If a ball that has left the playing surface of the billiard table touches the player’s clothing or cue above it, then this will be a violation of the rules and will result in a fine. If he returns to the table, he remains in the game, and if he leaves it, he is considered to have jumped out. It is not considered a violation of the rules if the ball hits the lights, pocket bracket or tops of the sides and then returns to the table.

Fielding balls

Not ordered, scored in violation of the rules and popped up sightings are set by the judge on the back mark. If this mark is occupied, then they are placed close (but not directly close) to the obstructing ball along a longitudinal line towards the back board. If this part of the longitudinal line is already occupied, then it is set towards the central mark.

Entering the opponent's game

The opponent enters the game when the player has not played a ball or has violated the rules. If a penalty is imposed on the hitting billiard player, then his opponent, taking into account the current situation on the table, may demand to perform the next shot, saying: “Play further.” Unrecorded winnings If, due to the inattention of the judge and opponents, the game continued despite the fact that the billiard player won the game (played eight or earned 71 points or more), then if this circumstance is discovered, he is immediately awarded victory in the game, despite all subsequent events.

Fine

A fine in Russian billiards is imposed in the following cases:

when the blow is not made by the cue stick;
when the next blow is executed before the previous one is completed;
when, after a hit, the cue ball flew beyond the boundaries of the playing surface;
for delivering a double blow (punched through);
for hitting any of the balls on the surface of the billiard table during the game - with a cue, chalk, machine, hands, items of clothing, etc.;
when the initial shot is made on the cue ball located outside the house (Mosca, RP);
for failure by the player to comply with the wagering rules; - for a mistake;

American

With this type of Russian billiards, the cue ball can be located anywhere within the house (but not on the house line, since it does not apply to it).

After breaking the pyramid with the cue ball, the American player can choose any ball as the cue ball. Both the object ball and the cue ball fall into the pocket (but only after hitting the object ball). The billiard player who has scored the ball has the right to make the next shot. The wagering rules are that when not a single ball is played, then after the cue ball touches the target minimum, one of them must touch up to 2 different sides (or, having hit one side, bring the second ball to the other side), either touch one side and then cross the center of the table (or roll another ball over it), or cross it and then touch the side or bring another ball to the side). The winner is the billiard player who scores 8 balls first.

The most popular and world-famous types of billiards:

American
Russian billiards
cannon
snooker

American- together with Russian billiards, it is the leader in popularity in Eastern Europe. American is played with all 16 balls, each of which is both a cue ball and an object ball. You can play with any ball on the table. The goal of the game is to pocket 8 balls and the first one to pocket them wins.
Before the start of the game, 15 balls are placed in a pyramid without taking into account their numbers. After the first hit, you can play with any ball and pocket “yours” from other balls.
There is no need to assign balls and order a pocket in advance, since it does not matter how many balls fall from one hit.

Pool is an American pocket billiards. The holes here have been expanded and the table dimensions have been reduced. Pool is a game of order that uses a cue ball and 15 object balls, numbered 1 to 15. One player must pocket the balls in the group numbered 1 to 7 (solid) and the other player must pocket the group of balls numbered 1 to 7 (solid) and the other player to pocket the group of balls numbered 9 to 15 (stripes). The game is won by the player who first pockets the balls of any group and then pockets ball number 8 with a correct shot.

Russian billiards- the most popular type of billiards in our country. The peculiarity of the game is the size of the holes, which are almost equal to the size of the balls. The game uses 15 marked white object balls, which are set in the shape of a pyramid before the game starts, and a 16th ball of a different color, which is used as a cue ball.

Cannon- one of the oldest French games, which is a type of billiards. In this game there is no need to pocket the balls, so the game is most often played on billiard tables without pockets. The game uses 3 balls, two of them white and one colored. The two white balls are the players’ cue balls; in order to distinguish them, they usually put dots or the like. The point of the carom game is to determine the best shot in which the cue ball, having touched one of the balls, touched the other. The goal of the game is to make the previously agreed number of caroms (usually 25, the price of one carom is 1 point).

Snooker- one of the most popular types of billiards in the UK. There can be two or more players, divided into teams or each for himself. Snooker is played with 21 balls, 15 of them are red, which are placed in a pyramid, and 6 are colored, each of which is located at a certain level on the table. Each player uses the same white white ball (cue ball) to hit the colored balls. If the cue ball hits a pocket, the player receives a penalty point. Players must alternately pocket colored and red balls. While the red balls remain on the table, the pocketed colored balls are placed in their positions. The player who scores the most points wins.

The trick to snooker is to leave the white ball in such a position for your opponent every time that unsuccessful shots become inevitable.

Russian billiards

Small Russian pyramid - a fundamental game in Russian billiards. 16 balls: 15 numbered + cue ball. The sum of all the numbers marked on the balls is 120. 10 is added to the number of the ball “1” and 10 is also added to the last remaining ball. Thus, the total sum of points is 140. The goal of the game is to score 71 points. If a player scores 70 points (“his own”), then even if the last ball is laid by his partner in the game, a draw is recorded.
Great Russian pyramid- the difference in the change in the score. Balls "2, 3, 4, 5" add 10 points.
Moscow pyramid- 15 balls + cue ball. You can play the cue ball as if it were your own. The goal is to score 8 balls.
American- 16 balls, any ball can hit any ball. The goal of the game is to pocket 8 balls.
Pyramid counting balls- the game is counted not by points, but by the number of balls made.
Pyramid with colored balls- 5 colored balls are added, 4 red (40 points), one yellow (50 points).
Pyramid-roll- one of the partners - the “roller” - has two hits in a row.
Pyramid without touching the side- one of the partners has no right to touch the cue ball boards. A head start is required.
Screw- the numbers on the balls change their meaning depending on the number of balls placed in a row and various combined strikes with which one or another ball is placed. In addition, additional points are scored for “crowns” - balls with certain numbers located on each partner’s shelf, and for a certain number of balls placed.
Screw with colored balls- 7 colors are added: four red (30 points), yellow (60 points), green (120 points) and black (240 points).
"A la guerre"- two balls: red and white, unlimited number of players; the first number, as a result of the draw, tries to place one of the two balls closer to the opposite short side in order to make it difficult for the next player to play it, who puts the second ball in the house and has the right to play the predecessor’s ball; if your ball is played, you receive a “cross” - a certain number of crosses means you are eliminated from the game.
Alager with control ball- a third ball is added, the essence of which is to “cover up one’s own.”
Alager-American- no matter which ball falls, it counts; They play with any ball that is more convenient.
Arctic- the game was invented by polar explorers; is identical to alager, except that each participant has his own ball, with a certain number, and both individual players and teams can compete.
Botifon or bank- another analogue of the alager: the one holding the “batifon” plays alone against everyone in turn. It can give the following types of handicaps: “tight”, “miss”, “self”, “any any”, “mixed”.
Game from the boards- an analogue of an alager: a simple cork is placed on the middle point, the goal of the game is to knock down the cork from the side or sides of the “stranger”.

Five balls- 60 points (Russian Party) - two white, two red, one yellow. The goal of the game is 60 points. Points are awarded depending on the pocket where the ball hits. There is a system of fines.
Five carom balls- analogue Five balls - 60 points: points are awarded if the ordered ball is placed in a carom according to the “carom table”.
Officer's party of 5 balls
Polish game of 5 balls
Kaiza(five balls with caroms in Finnish) - five balls: two cue balls (2 points), two red (3 points), one yellow (kaiza, 6 points). To win you need to score 60 points. Points are awarded according to the "carom table".

Two ball game- two players, two balls; The goal is to put the opponent's ball into one of the pockets without ordering.

Pool

Direct pool- For each ordered ball played, one point is awarded. The first one to score a pre-agreed total number of points wins. If, along with the ordered one, other balls fall into the pockets, then they are all counted in favor of the player.
Three-ball batch canon- two cue balls (partner's - 2 points, yours from red - 3 points, from your partner's cue ball - 2 points), one red (3 points). The game is played to 50 or 100 points. (in English terminology often found under the name english billiards)
Pul-8
Pul-9
14+1
In one pocket
Pul-10
Direct pool in one line
"Meeting engagement"

French billiards

French three-ball carom game- two cue balls, one red. It is played on a pocketless table. Carom - Your cue ball touches the red one and then your partner's cue ball. One carom - one point. As a rule, they play up to 20 points.
Open party
4 balls- a four-ball version of the classic carom, common in Asia.
Frame 47/1
Frame 74/2
Carom from one side
Carom from three sides

Once a game accessible only to aristocrats, today it is one of the favorite ways to spend free time among a wide audience. There are countless fans of billiards in every city: some like Russian, others like American pool, and some prefer snooker or even carom. Each of these certainly exciting sports and entertainment disciplines has its own characteristics, differences in rules, tactics and strategy of the game.

Russian pyramid

A massive and majestic table of green cloth, large, weighty balls and narrow pockets... Comparing the sizes of the voids in the sides and the spherical gaming accessories, at first only one question plagues me: is it really possible to score? The wits always try to be sarcastic, saying that this kind of billiards with harsh playing conditions could only be invented in Russia. For which it, in fact, got its name - “Russian”. Paradoxically, the most popular game in Russian billiards or “pyramid” is called “American”. Its rules are quite simple: any ball can be cued, and the winner is the cue master who is the first to pocket eight round objects, once made of ivory, and today of phenol-aldehyde resin. A table for Russian billiards has dimensions from 8 to 12 feet - the latter (and only them) are installed during all official competitions without exception. There are pockets in the four corners of the playing field, as well as in the middle of a pair of “long” sides. Their width is 73 millimeters, while the diameter of the ball weighing 285 grams is only 5 mm less! Needless to say, what a precise and targeted blow must be made by a billiard player in order for the ball to go to the counting shelf. The playing field is covered with cloth with markings in the form of lines with names. The front, which serves as the boundary of the “house” (the space between the line and the short side, from where the starting blow is delivered), the middle, the back - the top ball of the pyramid is placed on it.

American pool

Perhaps the most common game in the world. Billiard players engaged in rolling out colorful balls can be found both in a reputable gambling club and in an open-air cafe somewhere on the beach in Indian Goa. In the second case, it is true that the table, the balls, and the cue will bear little resemblance to gaming instruments, but this once again emphasizes the ubiquity of the popularity of American pool. It’s as if this type of billiards was created as a counterbalance to the “Russian” one. All the same wits will not fail to sarcastically: the pockets are big, but the balls are small. However, this in no way means that pool is significantly easier to play. Perhaps stand at the table with a cue, just for fun - yes. But to win, and to win over opponents who may be stronger, you need skill. American pool has two varieties - “eight” and “nine”. In the first variation, there are 15 numbered balls on a table (8 or 9 feet long). Those with even numbers are completely painted, which is why they are usually called “whole”. Odd numbers, respectively, have a striped color. The goal in this game is to pocket all your balls and place the winning point by pocketing the black eight. The winner in the “nine” is the one who first sends the ball with that number on its sides into one of the pockets.

English snooker

The most numerous type of billiards in terms of the number of balls is English snooker, which, however, was invented in colonial India in the mid-19th century. To play, not counting the cue ball, you need 21 balls. Each of them brings the billiard player a certain number of points: 15 red ones - 1 each, yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black - from 2 to 7, respectively. The winner in a frame, in other words, in a game is determined by the amount of points scored, which are “earned” in the following way. The player strikes one by one: first at the red one, and if he falls into the pocket, then one of the colored ones is targeted. Mostly players (with successful attempts) tend to alternate red and black, as the most expensive, while gaining the most points. However, this is not always feasible due to the current position of the balls on the playing field. The maximum number of points that can be scored in one frame is 155. Moreover, a player can achieve this result by delivering a series of accurate shots, effectively preventing his opponent from playing.

French carom

Carom refers to “pocketless” billiards. The game takes place on a table 2.84 meters long, its width is half that value. There are several varieties of the French game - single-sided, three-sided, zone carom, with chips, artistic. Since there are no pockets, the points that are necessary to determine the winner in each of the varieties are awarded for completing the required elements. For example, in a single-sided carom, after the shot the cue ball must touch the side and two object balls. Another collision sequence is allowed - ball-board-ball. In “three-sided”, a hit is considered effective when the cue ball first either touches three boards, and then two balls, or first hits the ball, then the boards, then again the ball. In carom with chips, a successful hit is recorded according to the rules of single-sided, and bonus points are added for knocked down chips.

Finnish kaiza

It is not for nothing that Finland was part of the Russian Empire for some time. By the way, this is reminiscent of a type of billiard game popular in Suomi - kaiza. The game has similar features to Russian billiards, for example, the ratio of the size of the ball (diameter 68 mm) and the width of the pockets, the length of the table is 10 feet. However, this is where the similarity ends, since this entertainment has completely different rules. Each player has his own cue ball and his own object balls, of which there are only five: yellow (in fact, this is the kaiza, it is also the most “profitable”), a pair of red and white. They have their own price - 2, 3 and 6 points. In addition, if two balls disappear from the table after a hit, the billiard player receives additional bonus points. For example, if you send a yellow kaiza and one of the red balls into the pockets, and in exactly this sequence, then your account will be replenished by 12 points at once. The game continues until one of the opponents scores 60 points.

First of all, you need to decide what type of billiards you are purchasing for.

For widespread in Russia Russian billiards use 15 numbered white balls and 1 cue ball. The balls have a mass of 280-290 g and reach 68 mm in diameter. The cue ball is usually yellow, less often dark red is used.
For American pool- the most popular type of billiards in the world - you need a set of 1 cue ball, as well as 15 numbered balls, each of which has a specific color: balls number 1-8 are single-colored, and balls number 9-15 are striped. Pool balls weigh 156-170 g and have a diameter of 57.2 mm.
In popular in UK snooker a set of 1 cue ball, 15 red and 6 colored balls is used. Snooker balls are the smallest: the mass of each ball is 142-156 g, and the diameter is 52.4 mm.
Not so widespread, but the most difficult to implement french carom requires only three balls - 2 white and 1 red. The mass of the ball is 200-215 g, and the size reaches 61 mm in diameter.

Ball size for one type of billiard can vary within tenths of a millimeter, and its weight can vary by about 15 grams. It is important that within one set of balls the weight and size are the same, that is, there should be maximally identical balls on the table in the game. Therefore, it is not recommended to shuffle sets even of the same type and manufacturer.

Materials, from which the balls are made, are not particularly diverse: more expensive and high-quality balls are made from phenol aldehyde resin, and cheaper ones - made of polyester and polymers.

One of the main advantages of phenol resin balls is their wear resistance. When rubbing against cloth, the ball can heat up to 250 degrees. Polymer balls simply cannot withstand such a temperature - so-called burn spots form on their surface. In addition, the balls, especially the cue ball, constantly withstand strong impacts, as a result of which microcracks can form on them.

Polymer balls often do not last even a tenth of the life that synthetic resin balls can last. This is an important factor that guides the owners of mid- and high-level billiard clubs. It is more profitable for them to choose in favor of the quality and wear resistance of equipment. In addition, the quality of the balls affects not only the durability of the balls themselves, but also the durability of the cloth with which they are constantly in contact. Poor-quality balls can ruin even fairly high-quality cloth, leading to unexpected costs.

A special technology for processing phenol-aldehyde resin ensures that there are no microscopic voids inside the material, which ensures the center of gravity exactly in the middle of the ball. The surface of the ball also matters - it, of course, should be as close to ideal as possible. Thus, the most important factor for the player is ensured - the greatest predictability of the ball's rolling trajectory.

Chinese manufacturers offer a wide selection of relatively inexpensive polymer and polyester balls. However, true connoisseurs of high-quality billiards still prefer sets of balls from a Belgian manufacturer. European balls are made from phenol-aldehyde resin, and their price is approximately 5-8 times higher than Chinese ones.

The game was invented in India in 1875. The game turned out to be more difficult than the famous “American” and “pyramid”. Arouses interest more in the complex movements of the balls than in winning.

Previously, first-year cadets who had no everyday experience were called snookers. And then one day in the game, one of the officers, Neville Chamberlain, used this word to describe his partner, who found himself in a difficult situation and did not know how to get out of it. He had to play a colored ball that was covered by others. This position in billiards came to be called “snooker”.

Then this game moved to England, but did not become popular until 1920, when Joe Davis appeared. He introduced cue ball control and ball scoring, which made the game much more difficult. In addition to pocketing the balls, now we also had to keep an eye on the cue ball.

Snooker became especially popular in the 60s. A big role in this was played by color television and two players - Ray Reardon and John Spencer, who organized exhibition games, traveling throughout England. Snooker then developed as a sport. Competitions began and expensive prizes were awarded to the winners, which attracted a new generation of players. In 1980-1981 Steve Davis became the first British champion. He improved his game and after some time won the world championship. This athlete is still considered one of the strongest players.

Soon the Japanese, Chinese, and Americans began playing snooker. New talents have appeared - John Parot, Neil Foulds, Stephen Hendry.

In 1973, the International Billiards and Snooker Organization was created. Since 1985, it has become the governing body.

Snooker is played on the same table as billiards, with only 22 balls - 15 red, 6 colored and 1 white cue ball. On one snooker table you can play not only two players, but also several players. The principle of the shot order is simple: if the shot does not bring winning points, the next player takes the shot.

Snooker table: The game is played on English tables measuring 12x6 feet (3569x1778 mm) or 10x5 feet, the diameter of the balls is 52.4 mm.

Number of players: Two.

Snooker ball set: 15 red balls, 6 colored balls and a white cue ball.

Colored balls have a certain point value: red - 1, yellow - 2, green - 3, brown - 4, blue - 5, pink -6, black - 7.

Purpose of the game: You need to score more points than your opponent.

Account management: Points are scored by playing the balls correctly, getting the corresponding number according to the color of the balls; the opponent's penalty points are added. The game ends according to the rules of the game after all the balls have been played. But if there is only one black ball left, then it is played until the first score or first violation.

1. Kickoff

The right to choose the order of strikes in the first game is determined by lot or drawing. The initial blow is made from the hand from the sector (see picture). The cue ball must touch the red ball, otherwise a penalty is imposed. Penalty points are awarded to the entering player, who can play from the current situation or ask the opponent to take the kick again.

2. Ill-potted balls

Incorrectly pocketed red balls are not fielded. Incorrectly pocketed colored balls are marked out.

3. Placing balls

Red balls are not exposed. Colored balls are placed on their marks. If the mark is occupied, then they place on the free mark corresponding to the ball of the highest value. If all the marks are occupied, then the colored ball is placed as close as possible to the original mark on the back side. If a pink or black ball cannot be placed in the indicated place, then they must be placed closer to their point, but towards the middle of the table.

4. Popped object balls

Popped red balls are not spotted, but colored balls are spotted and a penalty is imposed.

5. Played balls

Balls are considered played (pocketed) if they fall into the pockets as a result of a correct shot. A ball reflected from a pocket onto the playing surface of the table remains in play. An object ball that falls into a pocket as a result of a deliberate roll down the board is not counted and is placed in accordance with the rules of the particular game, and no penalty is imposed.

6. Jumped cue ball

When the cue ball pops up, the opponent entering the game plays from his hand from the sector. In this case, you can pocket any of the next balls.

7. Snooker (mask)

The cue ball is in the snooker position (masked) - if it is not possible to make a direct hit on any of the next object balls. If a direct hit is possible on at least one of the object balls, then there is no snooker.

8. Touching balls

Two balls touch each other tightly. In this case, the blow is struck away from the center line connecting the centers of the two balls. Otherwise, the blow is erroneous (missed).

9. Missing the ball

If the cue ball misses, a penalty is announced. The player entering the game can accept the existing position or invite the offender to play from the original position, i.e. repeat the blow.

10. Free ball

If the cue ball is in the snooker position after an infringement, then a “free ball” is declared. If the opponent takes this position and makes a shot, he can declare any ball to be next. The cost of the announced ball is equal to the cost of the next one (which would have to be hit). A penalty is imposed if the cue ball does not hit the called ball or the cue ball after the strike is masked by a free ball, unless only the pink and black balls remain on the table. If a free ball is pocketed, it is fielded and the player is credited for the value of the next ball. If the next ball is played, the player is credited with its value. If both a free ball and a regular ball are played, then only the value of the next ball is counted. (“Snooker is different.” The cue ball is in the “snooker is different” position).

11. Lip hold

The cue ball is considered to be placed behind the lip of the pocket if the sides do not allow the cue ball to hit any of the next balls directly. If the cue ball is placed behind the lip after a violation, then the opponent either takes this position and strikes, or strikes with his hand from the sector.

12.Miss

If a player can hit the object ball or part of it with a direct hit, but does not hit, then the referee declares miss. After determining the miss, the cue ball is placed in its previous position, unless this situation is beneficial to the player who made the mistake. After the ball (or balls) have been restored to their previous position, the players’ opinions are heard, but the referee’s word is decisive.

13. Hanging balls

- if the ball is pocketed not as a result of a collision, then it is placed in its original place;
- if a player makes a mistake during a shot, the opponent gets the points and each ball is put back in its original place.

14. Bugs

- after a mistake, the opponent plays from the place where the cue ball stopped;
- if several mistakes are made during a strike, then the opponent receives points for the worst of them;
- after a mistake, at the request of the opponent, the player must hit further;
- if a miss is determined, the player must shoot from the restored position.

15. Fines for violations

For the following violations a fine is imposed in the prescribed amount, but not less than 4 points.

1. In the amount of the cost of the next ball, if:
- the balls did not stop before striking;
- hitting the cue ball several times;
- there was a separation of both legs from the floor;
- the blow was made out of turn;
- incorrect hand strike from the sector;
- missed object balls;
- the cue ball fell into the pocket;
- with a free choice of ball, the cue ball still remained in the “snooker” position;
- the cue ball has executed a jump shot (i.e. the cue ball jumps over any ball before colliding with the object ball).
2. In the amount of the value of the object ball or more valuable ball associated with the violation, if:
- an unusual ball entered the pocket;
- the cue ball does not hit the object ball;
- a punch-and-pull was performed;
- the player touched the balls with anything other than the cue sticker;
- the ball jumped overboard.
3. In the amount of the cost of the next ball or the corresponding 2 balls(whichever is greater): when the cue ball hits these two balls at the same time, except in the case of 2 reds or a free choice.
4. In the amount of seven points, if:

Snooker became especially popular in the 60s. A big role in this was played by color television and two players - Ray Reardon and John Spencer, who organized exhibition games, traveling throughout England. Snooker then developed as a sport. Competitions began to be held, expensive prizes were awarded to the winners, which attracted a new generation of players. In 1980-1981 Steve Davis became the first British champion. He improved his game and after some time won the world championship. This athlete is still considered one of the strongest players.

Soon the Japanese, Chinese, and Americans began playing snooker. New talents have appeared - John Parot, Neil Foulds, Stephen Hendry.

In 1973, the International Billiards and Snooker Organization was created. Since 1985, it has become the governing body.

Snooker is played on the same table as billiards, with only 22 balls - 15 red, 6 colored and 1 white cue ball.

On one snooker table you can play not only two players, but also several players. The principle of the shot order is simple: if the shot does not bring winning points, the next player takes the shot.

The balls are colored, scored depending on the color: fifteen red balls - one point each, one yellow - 2 points, one green - 3 points, one brown - 4 points, one blue - 5 points, one pink - 6 points, one black - 7 points.

The white ball is the cue ball. Only they can hit the other balls.

The game is played on a regular billiard table, which needs to be prepared for snooker. A thick line is drawn across the middle of one half of the table along a ruler with chalk. Then you need to mark the “home” area for the cue ball in a semicircle. The radius should be one third of the distance from the line to the nearest narrow edge of the table. An even semicircle can be easily drawn using a thin string. It needs to be folded in half, a piece of chalk inserted into the loop, and the ends pressed to the middle of a straight line. The balls are placed as shown in the figure.

To make it easier to install the pyramid in the middle of the upper part of the table - this is the name of the side opposite the “house” - you can draw three lines with chalk along the sides.

The player breaking the pyramid can place the cue ball at any place in the house zone - where it is more convenient to hit from. With the first blow he must play only the red ball, and if he touches any other ball, then he is given a mistake and points are deducted depending on the value of the ball touched. With the very first hit, it is important not only to successfully break the pyramid, but also to drive the cue ball as far away from it as possible, creating a more difficult position for the other player. The classic kickoff is shown in figure (1) with a dotted line.

The location of the balls at the beginning of the game. The dotted line shows one of the classic first strikes. Symbols on the diagram:

white ball (without number) - cue ball, red balls - 1, yellow - 2, green - 3, brown - 4, blue - 5, pink - 6, black - 7.

Balls are placed in any of six pockets. One point is counted for placing a red ball. After this, the billiard player has the right to hit any colored ball (all balls are called colored, except red ones and the cue ball). If a novice player is more confident in a certain ball, then he can hit the red one, then another, and then, having adjusted the cue ball to the colored one, put it in one of the pockets. You need to firmly remember that before each colored ball a red one must be pocketed. Billiard aces sometimes complicate the game with the rule that after the red one, only a colored ball can be played. This tactic always helps to gain “large series”. (The sum of points won during one turn is called a series.) This is what a series can turn out to be if several balls were pocketed: red (1 point), green (3 points), red again (1 point), pink (6 points ), red (1 point), blue (5 points) and so on.

Russian pyramid

American pool

English snooker

French carom

Finnish kaiza

Alla Mikheeva and Ilya Averbukh (400,000 - 800,000 rubles)

1. What is the name of Gogol’s comedy?
2. What do they say about a newspaper article on a current topic?
3. What helps close window sashes?
4. Who or what, according to Karl Marx, is roaming Europe?
5. What feint did Zinedine Zidane masterfully perform?
6. What did Yuri Olesha call the writers?
7. What helped Phileas Fogg win the bet in the novel Around the World in 80 Days?
8. What type of billiards will require 15 red balls?
9. In which city was the world's first Fashion Week held in 1943?
10. What is the name of Miss Marple, the heroine of Agatha Christie's novels?
11. What singing voice does Ivan the Terrible sing in Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera “The Tsar’s Bride”?
12. What was the profession of Philippe Petit, who rented a helicopter and circled the World Trade Center buildings in the 1970s?
13. What have scientists recently discovered that wax moth caterpillars can do?
14. What inspired Edvard Munch's painting "The Scream"?

Questions for the second pair of players

Marina Kim and Pyotr Tolstoy (1,500,000 - 0 rubles)

1. What do they say about a person who finds himself in a difficult financial situation?
2. What comes out of a household cooler?
3. What can be found on the cerebral hemispheres?
4. What is a hockey shootout?
5. Who or what does the best man hold in his hands during the wedding?
6. What is the name of the bird of the falcon family?
7. Whose name is not derived from the word “message”?
8. Which countries is connected by the Mont Blanc Tunnel?
9. In which direction of Christianity can the Catholicos be the head of the church?
10. What dye is made from indigofera leaves?
11. What day, according to the film “That Same Munchausen,” did the title character give to his hometown?

Answers to questions from the first pair of players

"Inspector"
one day
latch
ghost of communism
"pinwheel"
engineers of human souls
date line
English snooker
NY
Jane
doesn't sing at all
tightrope walker
decompose polyethylene
eruption

Answers to questions from the second pair of players

is broke
free throw
crown
balaban
Vestals
Italy and France
Orthodoxy
Basma
May 32

The most popular and world-famous types of billiards:

American
Russian billiards
cannon
snooker

The trick to snooker is to leave the white ball in such a position for your opponent every time that unsuccessful shots become inevitable.

Today on our calendars is April 30, 2018, the last day of April. Channel One is airing a replay of the September episode of the TV game “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.” In this short article you can find out the answer to the eighth question for players of the first part of the game. Alla Mikheeva and Ilya Averbukh play.

And here is the question itself, the correct answer to which is highlighted in blue.

What type of billiards requires 15 red balls?

Snooker is a type of billiard pocket game. Most common in the UK. Since the late 70s of the 20th century, it has become known almost throughout the world, especially in Europe and China. The main tournament is the World Championship (held annually).

At the beginning of the game, there are 15 red balls arranged in a pyramid and 6 colored balls on the gaming table, each of which is located at a certain mark on the table. The white ball (cue ball) is used to hit balls. Players must alternately pocket red and colored balls. While the red balls remain on the table, the pocketed colored balls are placed in their positions. The player who scores the most points wins.

English snooker
Russian billiards
American pool
french carom

As you can see, the correct answer to the game’s question is: English snooker.

The most popular games in world billiards are snooker, pool and carom. Unfortunately, Russian billiards stands apart, however, this does not make it any less interesting. This is also one of the types of pocket billiards, which is widespread all over the world.

Physical exertion, endurance, patience and skill are the main components of Russian billiards. If we compare it with foreign “colleagues”, then the conditions here will be much more complicated. Tables can be of different sizes. Wide range - six to twelve feet. There are 16 balls in the game, 15 of them are numbered 1 to 15 respectively. The sixteenth ball should be different from the rest, usually it is a different color. The pockets in Russian billiards are narrow (compared to the size of the balls), which is why high accuracy is required from the player, and patience and work from the beginner.

Snooker is the most commonly played game in the UK. This is just an English version of billiards. At the end of the last century it became very popular in Europe and China. The tables here are almost the same size as in Russian billiards. The pockets are large, and the balls are multi-colored and small. There are 15 red and 7 multi-colored balls in the game (22 in total). The player is required to be quick-witted, accurately calculate and have high skill, because they play in series. The player must make calculations several moves ahead and keep combinations of varying complexity in his head. This game is not designed to simply “chase balls.”

Pool is a type of American pocket billiards. The name "American billiards" or "American pool" is often used. The table here will no longer be as large in size as in the two previous varieties - the size can range from 4.5 to 9 feet. The pockets are quite large, and there are only 16 small and colorful balls. The American commercial spirit is felt in the pool: masterful play usually lasts several minutes; it is dynamic, because The ball easily falls into the pocket, and the dimensions of the table allow you to move confidently and freely. However, this does not hinder the entertainment of the game.

The pool has about 10 varieties, including Pool-8, Rotation and many others. An interesting feature is that pool is mistakenly called “American”, which is a type of Russian billiards. You can learn the game of pool quite quickly, because the rules are not particularly complicated.

Carom is a pocketless version of billiards. It is distributed in many parts of the world - from Europe to North Africa. The dimensions of the table in this game are quite small (from 5 to 10 feet). Accordingly, there is no pocket. The most interesting thing is that the game involves only one red and two white balls. The game is that you need to make a special blow (carom). First, the cue ball touches one white ball, and then another, after making 1-3 sides.

Undoubtedly, this game requires skill from a person, the ability to calculate the trajectory of a strike with pinpoint accuracy. The game fascinates with how original the masters can build combinations. Thanks to this, what is happening is more like a miracle. Carom is considered the most difficult technique in all of billiards.

These types of billiards are not the only ones. In addition to them, there are about a dozen games in this interesting and exciting sport, which include Carolina, Kaiza, Italian chips and many others.

This article is sponsored by snooker news portal. Billiards has rightfully won an honorable place in world sports, because it develops the intellect, while being an incredibly spectacular and noble game.