Much of what in the recent past seemed like the fiction of science fiction writers or real magic has today become a reality, thanks to innovative scientific discoveries. In this review, we have collected global achievements of humanity that have radically changed life.
Arthur Clarke is a famous science fiction writer who formulated the three laws of science and magic. The first was that when a respected but elderly scientist claims that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. According to the second, the only way to discover the limits of the possible is to dare to step into the impossible. And the third is that any sufficiently developed technology is indistinguishable from magic. Indeed, any of modern technologies would seem like real magic to our ancestors.
1. Streaming online video
In 2007, Netflix introduced online television streaming on personal computers as one of its additional services. The following year, a similar service began to appear literally everywhere, as it became incredibly popular.
2. Self-driving cars
Google launched the self-driving car project back in 2008. Currently, Google's self-driving cars have already traveled more than 3 million kilometers and are being tested on the streets of major cities throughout the United States.
3. Unmanned delivery service
Since the summer of 2016, the online store Amazon.com has been experimenting with delivering goods using unmanned drones. Similar 2-hour delivery is currently offered in major US cities.
4. Tesla Roadster
The Tesla Roadster was released in 2008 and at that time it became a unique achievement in the electric car industry, as it could travel up to 500 km on a single charge. Since then, Tesla has continued to improve its all-electric cars (as opposed to hybrids such as the Toyota Prius) and has brought their price up to just $35,000.
5. Bionic eye
Second Sight is a California-based company that received approval in 2013 to market the "Bionic Eye." The artificial eye uses cameras that transmit signals to an implant embedded in the retina. It does not fully restore vision, but blind people begin to see at least somehow.
6. Smartphone
Apple released the very first smartphone in 2007. Now, it’s hard to imagine life without these tiny computers that you can carry in your pocket and that can also make calls.
7. Augmented reality devices
In 2014, Google debuted Google Glass, the first fully portable augmented reality device. While various versions of VR (virtual reality) and augmented reality have been in development since around the 1980s, things like the Oculus Rift have made them more accessible to the mass market.
8. Reusable rockets
Usually, when a rocket goes into space, it's a one-way trip. The rockets have only been used once since the 1960s. But in November and December 2015, two private companies - Blue Origin and SpaceX - successfully managed to land rockets on the ground after launch so that they could be reused. This overcame one of the biggest obstacles to space travel - cost.
9. Large Hadron Collider
The Large Hadron Collider is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator, the world's largest machine, and the largest and most complex experimental facility ever built by humans. It allows physicists to conduct experiments and study some of the most fundamental but still unproven theories in physics, the fundamental laws that govern the universe, and the structure of space and time.
10. Hoverboard
The hoverboard, unfortunately, is not yet very similar to the flying board from Back to the Future. Rather, it looks like a cross between a skateboard and a Segway.
11. Smart watch
A smartwatch can, in principle, do most of the things that a smartphone can do, albeit with the exception of a tiny screen. They, like fitness trackers, are a significant step on the road to wearable high-tech devices.
12. 3D organs
3D printed artificial organs are now a reality. Researchers have already been able to transplant a 3D-printed thyroid gland into an experimental mouse, as well as replace some organs, such as the trachea, in people. Cosmetics companies are currently working on creating 3D printed skin that could be used not only for makeup, but also to treat burns.
13. Tablet
The iPad was released quite recently - in 2010, and now real tablet PCs have already appeared. While they can be used for many things, the main ones are watching videos and playing games. Tablets are the link between smartphones and laptops.
14. E-book
The first Kindle was released by Amazon in November 2007. Then this “electronic book” cost $399 and its entire circulation was sold in less than six hours. Since then, e-books have occupied a stable niche in the electronic device sales market.
15. Crowdfunding
Kickstarter was founded on April 28, 2009, and since then, the crowdfunding platform has changed the way small projects and businesses receive seed capital. Other similar sites - Indiegogo, Gofundme and Pateron have also made it possible to fund a lot of useful startups.
However, discoveries do not only happen in the field of technology. Of no less interest are .
In the 15 years since the beginning of the new millennium, people have not even noticed that they have found themselves in another world: we live in another solar system, we can repair genes and control prosthetics with the power of thought. None of this happened in the 20th century
Genetics
The human genome has been completely sequenced
Robot sorts human DNA in petri dishes for a project The Human Genome
Human Genome Project ( The Human Genome Project) began in 1990, a working draft of the genome structure was released in 2000, and the complete genome in 2003. However, even today additional analysis of some areas has not yet been completed. It was mainly carried out at universities and research centers in the USA, Canada and the UK. Genome sequencing is critical to drug development and understanding how the human body works.
Genetic engineering has reached a new level
In recent years, a revolutionary method for manipulating DNA has been developed using something called CRISP-mechanism. This technique makes it possible to selectively edit certain genes, which was previously impossible.
Mathematics
Poincare's theorem has been proven
In 2002, Russian mathematician Grigory Perelman proved Poincaré's theorem, one of the Seven Millennium Problems (important mathematical problems whose solution has not been found for decades). Perelman showed that the original three-dimensional surface (if there are no discontinuities in it) will necessarily evolve into a three-dimensional sphere. For this work he received the prestigious Fields Medal, the equivalent of the Nobel Prize in mathematics.
Astronomy
Dwarf planet Eris discovered
Eris was first photographed on October 21, 2003, but was noticed in photographs only at the beginning of 2005. Its discovery was the last straw in the debate about the fate of Pluto (whether it should continue to be considered a planet or not), which changed the usual image of the solar system (see pp. 142–143).
Water discovered on Mars
In 2005, the European Space Agency's Mars Express probe discovered large deposits of water ice near the surface - this is very important for the subsequent colonization of the Red Planet.
Physics
Global warming - faster than expected
In 2015, scientists from the World Glacier Monitoring Center at the University of Zurich (Switzerland), led by Dr. Michael Zemp, working together with colleagues from 30 countries, found that the rate of melting of glaciers on Earth to date, compared with the average for the 20th century, increased two to three times.
Quantum teleportation discovered
Such teleportation differs from the teleportation that science fiction writers like to talk about - with it, matter or energy is not transferred over a distance. Experiments on the transfer of quantum states over long distances have been successfully carried out over the past 15 years by at least a dozen scientific groups. Quantum teleportation is very important for the creation of ultra-secure ciphers and quantum computers.
The existence of graphene has been experimentally confirmed
Its two-dimensional (one atom thick) crystal lattice exhibits unusual electrical properties. Graphene was first obtained by Andrei Geim and Konstantin Novoselov in 2004 (Nobel Prize for 2010). It is planned to be used in electronics (in ultra-thin and ultra-fast transistors), composites, electrodes, etc. In addition, graphene is the second strongest material in the world (carbyne is in first place).
The existence of quark-gluon plasma has been proven
In 2012, experiments by physicists working with the RHIC accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA) were included in the Guinness Book of Records with the wording “for the highest temperature obtained in laboratory conditions.” By colliding gold ions in an accelerator, scientists achieved the emergence of quark-gluon plasma with a temperature of 4 trillion ° C (250 thousand times hotter than in the center of the Sun). About a microsecond after the Big Bang, the Universe was filled with just such plasma.
Higgs boson discovered
The existence of this elementary particle, which is responsible for the mass of all other particles, was theoretically predicted by Peter Higgs back in the 1960s. And it was found during experiments at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012 (for which Higgs, together with Francois Englert, received the 2013 Nobel Prize).
Biology
People were divided into three enterotypes
In 2011, scientists from Germany, France and several other research centers proved that, according to the genetics of the bacteria that inhabit us, people are divided into three categories, or enterotypes. A person’s enterotype manifests itself in different reactions to food, medications and diets, and therefore it has become clear that no universal recipes can exist in these areas.
First synthetic bacterial cell created
In 2010, scientists from the Craig Venter Institute (one of the leaders in the race to decipher the human genome) created the first completely synthetic chromosome with a genome. When it was inserted into a bacterial cell devoid of genetic material, it began to function and divide according to the laws prescribed by the new genome. In the future, the synthetic genome will make it possible to create vaccines against new viral strains in hours, not weeks, to produce effective biofuel, new food products, etc.
Successfully recorded and re-recorded memories
Since 2010, several research groups (USA, France, Germany) have learned to record false memories in the brains of mice, erase real ones, and also turn pleasant memories into unpleasant ones. It hasn't reached the human brain yet, but it won't be long now.
“Ethical” (not from embryos) pluripotent stem cells obtained
In 2012, Shinya Yamanaka and John Gurdon won the Nobel Prize for their 2006 discovery of producing mouse pluripotent stem cells through epigenetic reprogramming. Over the next decade, at least a dozen scientific groups have made impressive progress in this area, including with human cells. This heralds imminent breakthroughs in cancer therapy, regenerative medicine, and human (or human organ) cloning.
Paleontology
Dinosaur soft tissue discovered for the first time
Mary Schweitzer led the scientific team that described collagen isolated from the femur of Tyrannosaurus rex
In 2005, University of North Carolina molecular paleontologist Mary Schweitzer discovered soft tissue in the fossilized limb of a juvenile tyrannosaurus from Montana (65 million years old). Previously, it was believed that any proteins would decompose within a few thousand years at most, so no one looked for them in fossils. After this, soft tissue (collagen) was found in other ancient samples.
Neanderthal and Denisovan genes have been discovered in humans
Participants of the international symposium “Transition to the Upper Paleolithic in Eurasia: cultural dynamics and development of the clan” Homo» inspecting the excavation site in the central hall of the Denisova Cave
From the work of two scientific groups, it became clear that from 1 to 3% of the genome of the average European or Asian goes back to Neanderthals. But every modern individual has dissimilar Neanderthal alleles (different forms of the same gene), so the total amount of “Neanderthal” genes is much higher, up to 30%. The “heirs” of the Neanderthals (crossing occurred about 45 thousand years ago) are mainly Europeans; Asians in their genome contain traces of interbreeding with another hominid - “Denisovan man”. The cleanest Homo sapiens- natives of the African continent.
Medicine
Breathing reveals early stage of lung cancer
A year ago, a group of Israeli, American and British scientists developed a device that can accurately identify lung cancer and determine what stage it is in. The device is based on a breath analyzer with a built-in nanochip. NaNose, capable of “sniffing out” a cancerous tumor with 90% accuracy, even when the cancerous nodule is practically invisible. We should soon expect analyzers that will be able to detect other types of cancer by “smell.”
The first fully autonomous artificial heart was developed
American company specialists Abiomed developed the world's first fully autonomous permanent artificial heart for implantation ( AbioCor). An artificial heart is intended for patients who are unable to treat their own heart or implant a donor heart.
Bionics
Biomechanical devices and prostheses controlled by thought have been created
American Zach Water tested a bionic leg prosthesis by climbing the stairs to the 103rd floor of the Willis Tower skyscraper in Chicago.
In 2013, the first prototypes of “smart” prostheses with feedback (emulation of tactile sensations) appeared, which allow a person to feel what the prosthesis “feels”. In the 2010s, devices separate from humans were created, controlled only through a mental interface (sometimes with invasive contacts, but more often it looks like a head hoop with a dry electrode) - computer games and exercise machines, manipulators, vehicles, etc.
Electronics
The petaflop barrier has been crossed
In 2008, a new supercomputer in Los Alamos (USA) began operating at a speed of more than a quadrillion (one thousand trillion) operations per second. The next barrier, exascale (quintillion operations per second), will be reached in the coming years. Systems with such incredible speed are needed primarily for high-performance computing - processing data from scientific experiments, climate modeling, financial transactions, etc.
Photo: Alamy, SPL, Newscom / Legion Media, SPL / Legion Media (X2), Photo courtesy of North Carolina State University, Reuters / Pix-Stream, Alexander Kryazhev / RIA Novosti, Reuters / Pix-Stream, Michael Hoch, Maximilien Brice / © 2008 CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration, AP / East News
A processor for artificial intelligence, a 3D printer for human organs, landing a probe on a comet and other important scientific events and technological innovations of the past year.
Often, real scientific achievements turn out to be more amazing than the wildest predictions of science fiction writers. iBusiness presents an overview of the most impressive scientific achievements of 2014 and new technologies that can change the world as we know it.
IBM Neurosynaptic Processor
One of the most significant events of 2014 in the field of computer technology was not the appearance of an enlarged iPhone 6, but the presentation by IBM of the first working sample of the TrueNorth neurosynaptic chip, the operating principle of which is similar to the functioning mechanism of the human brain.It differs from traditional processors built on the von Neumann architecture in that one chip core contains both computing and communication modules, as well as its own memory. As a result, all processor cores can work in parallel, processing very large amounts of data per unit of time, and the power of the entire computing system can be very easily increased by simply connecting several chips.
IBM TrueNorth chip emulates one million neurons and 256 million programmable synapses
The postage stamp-sized TrueNorth chip is built on a 28nm process, contains 4,096 cores, 5.4 billion transistors and requires just 70 milliwatts to operate, which is significantly less than the power consumption of today's traditional processors. At the same time, it simulates the work of one million neurons, 256 million programmable synapses and is capable of performing up to 46 billion operations per second per watt.
The advent of TrueNorth promises a real revolution in the field of cloud computing - systems on neurosynaptic chips can significantly speed up complex processes such as pattern recognition, machine translation and big data analysis. Computers with similar processors can become the center of smart cars, security systems and many other types of equipment. IBM plans to adapt the chip to mobile devices, which will increase the performance of smartphones and tablets, as well as significantly extend their battery life. In the future, neurosynaptic technology will even make it possible to create a computer comparable in computing power to the human brain.
Miniature radio controller
One of the main trends in the development of computer technology over the past few years has been the “Internet of Things” - the integration of various devices, from light bulbs to household appliances and cars, into a single network with the possibility of remote control and “smart” automatic operation mode. Two “conditions” for the beginning of mass distribution of such devices already exist - the Internet as a set of technologies and infrastructure for data transmission, and various mobile equipment that can be used for control.Last year, a team of engineers from Stanford University introduced the missing third component - mini-controllers capable of receiving and relaying commands transmitted via radio signals.
The dimensions of the radio controller are about 2 mm
The uniqueness of these modules, in addition to their miniature size, is that they do not require their own power source - all the energy necessary for their operation is extracted directly from the electromagnetic waves that carry the radio signal itself. In addition, the modules have a very low cost, which makes it possible to equip with them literally every thing in the environment of a modern person. The appearance of controllers with such characteristics will significantly speed up the release of new connected equipment and the spread of the “Internet of Things” in general.
Micro 3D printing
Nowadays, 3D printers are used primarily for printing simple plastic figures that cannot boast of either high manufacturing precision or durability. Printing installations developed by scientists from Harvard University are designed to radically change the situation. The printers they created are capable of using combinations of a wide variety of printing materials, from polymers and metals to living cells, and provide accuracy down to one micrometer.3D printers developed at Harvard University are capable of printing living cells
Using similar installations, the laboratory has already printed such things as lithium-ion batteries, bionic ear prostheses that combine living tissue and electronic components, retinal tissue, and even tissue samples with a system of blood vessels.
In the future, such devices can be used for high-precision printing of electronic components according to an individual design, and in medicine - for the production of artificial organs for drug testing or even transplantation into patients.
Connecting robotic prostheses to the human nervous system
Scientists from Johns Hopkins University achieved amazing results in the development of a human-machine interface last year. They successfully demonstrated the operation of a control system for mechanical prostheses connected directly to the human nervous system. Thanks to this technology, a patient who lost both arms in an accident was able to simultaneously control two robotic arms and perform quite complex actions.Robotic prosthetics connect directly to the human nervous system and have learning capabilities
Interestingly, the system connected to the nerves has “learning” properties. As you use the prostheses, it becomes easier to perform various actions with their help, since the control adapts to incoming nerve impulses.
Although implanting robotic limbs requires extensive training and surgery, the successful completion of the experiment showed that it is possible to combine electronic components with the human nervous system. Such prostheses may find application in medicine in the near future.
Landing of the Philae probe on comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko
One of the most impressive scientific events of 2014, without a doubt, can be considered the landing of the automatic probe Philae on the comet P67 Churyumov-Gerasimenko. It became a very clear illustration of the capabilities of modern space science - the landing of the probe on a comet moving at a speed of 21.6 km/sec was carried out after a ten-year flight with a very complex trajectory. The total path traveled by the Rosetta spacecraft was almost six billion kilometers.The landing of the Philae probe on a comet was the result of 10 years of flight
The landing of the probe on the comet did not go entirely smoothly: the device most likely ended up lying “on its side” and in the shadow of a rock, which did not allow the module’s solar batteries to provide it with the energy necessary for long-term operation. Despite this, as a result of the mission, scientists were able to obtain a lot of data, much of which has yet to be processed. It was possible to analyze the internal structure of the comet and find water and organic substances on it.
At the moment, the Philae probe is in sleep mode due to insufficient energy generated by solar panels. Scientists hope that the comet's approach to the Sun will improve the situation and the device can be activated this spring to collect additional data.
Today we live in a world where there is almost everything a person could want. But it was not always so. Humanity has long and painstakingly created such conditions. It is difficult to imagine that people used to do without the modern benefits of civilization. Russia, of course, is a locomotive of progress. Every person in our great country should know about its achievements and be proud of them. This is our dignity, heritage and history.
Light bulb and radio
Russia's scientific achievements are valued all over the world, as they have made a huge contribution to the development of the civilization of all modern humanity. Among them there are those that we know about from school, but there are those known mainly in narrow circles (and their value is no less).
Today there is an electric light bulb in every home, but the first light bulbs were lit thanks to Russian engineers P. N. Yablochkov and A. N. Lodygin (1874). Initially, their invention was not recognized in their homeland, and they were forced to develop their ideas abroad. Of course, it took scientists a lot of time and effort to create a small lighting device. The American Thomas Edison made a significant contribution to improving the lamp, but Russian scientists were the first to create it!
Radio is an achievement of Russia, thanks to the brilliant physicist and electrical engineer A.S. Popov. (1895). It is very difficult to overestimate the importance of radio in the history of mankind. The primacy of Alexander Stepanovich is often disputed abroad, but there are facts confirming this. By the way, the invention and contribution of the professor were immediately recognized in Russia, for which he was awarded.
Airplane and helicopter
The achievement of Russia and the contribution of its husbands to the development of modern aviation are breakthrough in nature. Russian military leader and inventor Mozhaisky A.F. was decades ahead of his Western like-minded people in the creation and successful use of an aeronautical vessel. In 1876, he was the first in the world to fly comfortably on a kite he created, and a little later he introduced the world's first steam-powered airplane (1882).
The greatest aircraft designer adds to the list of “Great Achievements of Russia” with his inventions. His fate was such that he was forced to immigrate to the United States, so Americans are also proud of the results of the work of this brilliant designer. Igor Ivanovich was the first in the world to create a four-engine aircraft (1913), a heavy four-engine bomber and a passenger aircraft (1914), a transatlantic seaplane and a single-rotor helicopter (1942). It is worth noting that he implemented his latest ideas in the USA, although the inventor had a very difficult time there too.
Russian scientists - engines of progress
Russia's technical achievements are inextricably linked with such inventors as I.I. Polzunov. and Kostovich O.S.
I.I. Polzunov glorified himself and his fatherland by creating a steam engine and the world's first two-cylinder steam engine (1763). There was practically no limit to the variety of uses of the steam engine; these inventions shook the world.
It is believed that the first internal combustion engine belongs to G. Daimler and V. Maybach. But this is not entirely true; a little earlier (in 1879) O.S. began developing a gasoline engine. Kostovich. The engine was part of his inventions: an airship, a submarine, etc. He was the first to construct a model of a multi-cylinder engine, a sample of which was taken as the basis for modern devices. By the way, Ogneslav Stepanovich’s homeland is Astro-Hungary, but he is considered a Russian inventor, since he lived and worked here.
Scientists' inventions go beyond the planet
Brilliant people devote their lives to science and inventions, and this is how great achievements appear. Russia, of course, should be more caring towards people whose innovative ideas, work and faith in success drive global technological progress. So, S.P. Korolev, one of the best scientists in the field of space rocketry and shipbuilding, was arrested and tortured.
Under the leadership of Sergei Pavlovich, Russia was the first in the history of mankind to launch an artificial earth satellite (1957). A little later, the Luna-2 station, for the first time in world history, took off from the Earth and stopped at another space object, marking its flight with the pennant of the Soviet Union on the Moon (1959). This space breakthrough raised the authority of the USSR throughout the world.
Scientific achievements of Russian scientists
In Russia there have always been people whose works and conclusions forced science to develop rapidly. The scientific achievements of Russia, which the world cannot do without, appeared thanks to the following scientists:
M.V. Lomonosov (1711-1740) was the first to formulate the principle of conservation of matter and motion, discovered the atmosphere on Venus and made a huge contribution to glass production. The versatility of Mikhail Vasilyevich is amazing; his discoveries still resonate in scientific circles.
Brilliant mathematician, “father” of non-Euclidean geometry.
D. I. Mendeleev. Many people associate Russian science with the creator of the periodic table of chemical elements (1869).
Russia is rich in scientists who have made a huge contribution to the development of science and various areas of human life.
Course - saving human lives
Not only Russia’s achievement, but also the colossal success of scientists around the world allowed medical communities to take a big step in providing medical care.
The Russian experimental scientist was the first in the world to perform surgery on the liver and heart (1951). Demikhov Vladimir Petrovich created the world's first model of an artificial heart. His experiments (two-headed dogs in 1956) even today do not fit into the minds of people who are far from science, but the benefits of his work continue through the years.
M.A. Novinsky is known to the medical community as the founder of experimental oncology. The veterinarian vaccinated animals against malignant tumors (1876-1877). Russian geneticist N.P. Dubinin proved the fragmentability of the gene (1930).
Russian culture
Our fatherland is famous not only for its discoveries in medicine, science and technology; Russia’s cultural achievements are also known throughout the world.
The most famous figures in different areas of culture and their achievements:
When listing the achievements in Russian culture, we must not forget about such areas as theater, cinema, architecture and sculpture. Russian masters presented a huge number of magnificent and priceless works to their people and the whole world.
Modern achievements
Russia has always been a world power. Our great country has long held, is holding, or is regaining leadership in many areas. How many breakthroughs have been made in science, technology and culture throughout the history of the country! But even today Mother Russia is not poor in talent. The inquisitive mind, imagination, craving for beauty and determination of our compatriots glorify the country with amazing and useful discoveries.
Russia's modern achievements bring not only recognition to individuals and the country, but also significant financial incentives.
List of the most significant achievements of Russia in 2014:
1. Winter Olympic Games in Sochi (holding).
2. Scientists from St. Petersburg have developed a unique plasma generator projectile, which has created a real sensation in the oil business around the world.
3. The new diesel fuel, which was developed by Russian scientists for the military, is frost-resistant (there are no analogues with such indicators in the world yet).
4. Scientists in St. Petersburg have developed a portable device to restore blood circulation in the body. The principle of operation is similar to the operation of an artificial heart. This unique device will be installed in ambulances and will save millions of lives.
This is just a short list of things that Russia is rightfully proud of. This list does not include achievements in such areas as sports, politics, education, the military sphere and much more. Many great people have not been forgotten: Gagarin Yu.A., Kalashnikov M.T., Nesterov P.N., Kruzenshtern I.F. and others. It's nice to live in a country where all the great achievements and talented people are difficult to collect in a small list.
The most important achievement of Russia
Here is presented only a small part of the successes in the scientific and cultural fields of the country, significant events that make the world respect Russia.
But what is Russia's most important achievement? Throughout history there have been so many great discoveries that have propelled the development of all mankind, but which one can be considered a priority?! The answer is obvious.
The most important achievement of Russia, its pride and strength are talented people who love their country. The fate of many geniuses is very difficult, even tragic, but they continued to create, invent and achieve the most daring goals, because they could not do otherwise. Humanity, using the ideas and results of the work of our compatriots, must say “thank you” to them. Russia has something to be proud of, every self-respecting citizen should know this.
2016 was rich in high-profile scientific discoveries and spectacular technical achievements. The discoveries are widely covered in the media, and the most interesting new gadgets were demonstrated at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES). For 50 years now it has been a launching pad for innovation and hi-end technologies.
December has arrived and it's time to sum it up the most interesting results of 2016 in science and technology.
Top 10 most notable scientific achievements of 2016
10. Multicellular life is the result of genetic mutation
The GK-PID molecule allows cells to divide, avoiding malignant formations. At the same time, the ancient gene, an analogue of GK-PID, was a building enzyme necessary for the creation of DNA. Scientists have suggested that in some ancient single-celled organism 800 million years ago the GK gene was duplicated, one of the copies of which then mutated. This caused the appearance of the GK-PID molecule, which allowed cells to divide correctly. This is how multicellular organisms appeared
9. New prime number
It became 2^74,207,281 – 1. The discovery is useful for cryptography problems where both very complex and simple Mersenne numbers are used (49 of them were discovered in total).
8. Planet Nine
Scientists from the California Institute of Technology have provided evidence that there is a ninth planet in the solar system. Its orbital period is 15,000 years. However, due to its colossal orbit, not a single astronomer was able to see this planet.
7. Eternal data storage
This 2016 invention was made possible thanks to nanostructured glass, on which information is recorded using ultra-high-speed short and laser pulses. The glass disk holds up to 360 TB of data and can withstand temperatures up to a thousand degrees.
6. Relationship between the blind eye and four-toed vertebrates
A fish called the Taiwan blind eye, which can crawl along walls, has been found to have anatomical abilities similar to amphibians or reptiles. This discovery will allow biologists to better study how the process of transformation of prehistoric fish into terrestrial tetrapods took place.
5. Vertical landing of a space rocket
Typically, spent rocket stages either fall into the ocean or burn up in the atmosphere. Now they can be used for subsequent projects. The launch process will be significantly faster and cheaper, and the time between launches will be reduced.
4. Cybernetic implant
A special chip implanted into the brain of a completely paralyzed man has restored his ability to move his fingers. It sends signals to a glove worn on the subject's hand, which contains electrical wires that stimulate certain muscles and cause the fingers to move.
3. Stem cells will help people after a stroke
Scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine injected human stem cells into the brains of 18 volunteers who had suffered a stroke. All subjects showed improvement in mobility and general well-being.
2. Carbon dioxide stones
Icelandic scientists pumped carbon dioxide into volcanic rock. Thanks to this, the process of transforming basalt into carbonate minerals (later becoming limestone) took only 2 years, instead of hundreds and thousands of years. This discovery will make it possible to store carbon dioxide underground or use it for construction needs without releasing it into the atmosphere.
1. Another Moon
NASA has discovered an asteroid that was captured by Earth's gravity. Now it is in its orbit, in fact being the second natural satellite of the planet.
List of unusual new gadgets of 2016 (CES)
10. Casio WSD-F10 smart watch
This waterproof and very durable gadget works at a depth of up to 50 meters. The “brain” of the watch is the Android Wear OS. can synchronize with Android and iOS devices.
9. Spherical drone
The drone's blades may injure the owner or bystanders. To deal with this problem, FLEYE created a drone with a spherical design. Its blades are hidden, which means they are completely safe.
8. Arke 3D printer
Mcor has introduced a desktop device that allows you to print color 3D models using regular office paper. Print resolution is 4800x2400DPI.
7. Garmin Augmented Reality Device
Varia Vision is a special display for cyclists placed on sunglasses. It not only informs you about your heart rate and blood pressure, but also helps you plan the optimal route.
6. Origami drone
The new paper product from POWERUP is controlled via Wi-Fi and can be equipped with an augmented reality helmet.
5. Virtual reality helmet from HTC
The HTC Vive Pre helmet allows you to physically move around objects in virtual space. The device claims: improved display brightness with greater detail and a built-in camera that allows the gadget to work in augmented reality mode.
4. LG SIGNATURE G6V Super Slim OLED TV
LG engineers integrated the OLED screen of the 65-inch TV model into 2.57 mm thick glass. Thanks to the stated color depth of 10 bits, the TV can display fantastically colorful images.
3. Solar Grill
The GoSun grill has a unique design that directs sunlight towards a cylinder that can heat up to 290 degrees in 10 or 20 minutes (depending on model).
2. Passenger drone EHang 184
The stylish new technology of 2016 will be able to carry one passenger for 23 minutes at a speed of 100 km/h. The destination is indicated on the tablet.
1. Flexible screen for a smartphone from LG Display
In the first position of the top 10 is a prototype of an 18-inch screen that can be folded like a sheet of paper. This type of futuristic display is promising for use in smartphones, TVs and tablets.
