It consists of two main parts - the stator and the rotor. The stator is the fixed part, the rotor is the rotating part. The rotor is placed inside the stator. There is a small distance between the rotor and the stator, called the air gap, usually 0.5-2 mm.
stator induction motor
Induction motor rotor
stator consists of a body and a core with a winding. The stator core is assembled from thin sheet technical steel, usually 0.5 mm thick, coated with an insulating varnish. The laminated design of the core contributes to a significant reduction in eddy currents that occur during the remagnetization of the core by a rotating magnetic field. The stator windings are located in the grooves of the core.
Housing and stator core of asynchronous electric motor
The design of the laminated core of an asynchronous motor
Rotor consists of a core with a short-circuited winding and a shaft. The rotor core also has a laminated design. In this case, the rotor sheets are not varnished, since the current has a low frequency and the oxide film is sufficient to limit eddy currents.
Principle of operation. Rotating magnetic field
The principle of operation of a three-phase winding is based on the ability of a three-phase winding, when connected to a three-phase current network, to create a rotating magnetic field.
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Rotating magnetic field of an induction motor
The rotation frequency of this field, or synchronous rotation frequency, is directly proportional to the frequency of the alternating current f 1 and inversely proportional to the number of pole pairs p of the three-phase winding.
,
- where n 1 - rotational speed magnetic field stator, rpm,
- f 1 - AC frequency, Hz,
- p is the number of pairs of poles
Rotating magnetic field concept
To understand the phenomenon of a rotating magnetic field better, consider a simplified three-phase winding with three turns. Current flowing through a conductor creates a magnetic field around it. The figure below shows the field created by a three-phase alternating current at a specific point in time.
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The magnetic field of a straight conductor with direct current
The magnetic field created by the winding
The AC components will change over time, resulting in a change in the magnetic field they create. In this case, the resulting magnetic field of the three-phase winding will take on a different orientation, while maintaining the same amplitude.
The magnetic field created by a three-phase current at different times 
Current flowing in the turns of the electric motor (shift 60°)
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The action of a rotating magnetic field on a closed loop
Now let's place a closed conductor inside a rotating magnetic field. By changing the magnetic field will lead to the emergence of an electromotive force (EMF) in the conductor. In turn, the EMF will cause a current in the conductor. Thus, in a magnetic field there will be a closed conductor with a current, on which a force will act according to which the circuit will begin to rotate.
Influence of a rotating magnetic field on a closed conductor with current Squirrel-cage rotor induction motor
This principle also works. Instead of a frame with current inside the asynchronous motor, there is a squirrel-cage rotor resembling a squirrel wheel in design. The squirrel-cage rotor consists of rods short-circuited at the ends with rings.
The squirrel-cage squirrel-cage rotor is the most widely used in asynchronous electric motors(shown without shaft and core) three-phase alternating current, passing through the stator windings, creates a rotating magnetic field. Thus, also as described earlier, a current will be induced in the rotor bars, as a result of which the rotor will begin to rotate. In the figure below you can see the difference between the induced currents in the bars. This is due to the fact that the magnitude of the change in the magnetic field differs in different pairs of rods, due to their different location relative to the field. The change in current in the rods will change with time.
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Rotating magnetic field penetrating a squirrel-cage rotor
You may also notice that the rotor bars are tilted with respect to the axis of rotation. This is done in order to reduce the higher harmonics of the EMF and get rid of the ripple of the moment. If the rods were directed along the axis of rotation, then a pulsating magnetic field would arise in them due to the fact that the magnetic resistance of the winding is much higher than the magnetic resistance of the stator teeth.
Slip induction motor. Rotor speed
A distinctive feature of an induction motor is that the rotor speed n 2 is less than the synchronous speed of the stator magnetic field n 1 .
This is explained by the fact that the EMF in the rods of the rotor winding is induced only when the rotational speeds are unequal n 2 Consider the case when the rotor speed will coincide with the frequency of rotation of the stator magnetic field. In this case, the relative magnetic field of the rotor will be constant, so no EMF will be created in the rotor rods, and hence no current. This means that the force acting on the rotor will be zero. Thus the rotor will slow down. After that, an alternating magnetic field will again act on the rotor rods, thus the induced current and force will increase. In reality, the rotor will never reach the rotation speed of the stator magnetic field. The rotor will rotate at some speed which is slightly less than the synchronous speed. The slip of an induction motor can vary from 0 to 1, i.e. 0-100%. If s~0, then this corresponds to the idling mode, when the motor rotor practically does not experience a counteracting moment; if s=1 - short circuit mode, in which the motor rotor is stationary (n 2 = 0). The slip depends on the mechanical load on the motor shaft and increases with its growth. The slip corresponding to the rated load of the motor is called the rated slip. For asynchronous motors of small and medium power, the rated slip varies from 8% to 2%. Field Oriented Control allows you to smoothly and accurately control the motion parameters (speed and torque), but at the same time, its implementation requires information about the direction and vector of the motor rotor flux linkage. To increase efficiency and reduce brush wear, some ADFR contain a special device (short-circuited mechanism), which, after starting, raises the brushes and closes the rings. With rheostatic starting, favorable starting characteristics are achieved, since high torques are achieved at low starting currents. Currently, ADFR are being replaced by a combination of an asynchronous electric motor with a squirrel-cage rotor and a frequency converter. In many household devices and home-made designs, low-power electric machines are used as a drive. Despite the high reliability of electric motors, their failure for a number of reasons is not uncommon. Given the relatively high cost of these devices, it is more practical to repair them rather than replace them. We suggest considering the possibility of rewinding electric motors at home. As a rule, commutator DC motors and brushless asynchronous AC motors are used in everyday life. It is the repair of these drives that we will consider. Information about the principle of operation and design features of asynchronous and commutator machines can be found on our website. As for synchronous drives, they are practically not used in everyday life, therefore this topic is not covered in this publication. Problems with any type of engine can be mechanical or electrical in nature. In the first case, strong vibration and characteristic noise may indicate a malfunction, as a rule, this indicates problems with the bearing (usually in the end cap). If the malfunction is not eliminated in time, the shaft may jam, which will inevitably lead to failure of the stator windings. In this case, the thermal protection of the circuit breaker may not have time to work. Based on practice, in 90% of the failure of asynchronous machines there are problems with the stator winding (open circuit, interturn short circuit, short circuit to the case). In this case, the short-circuited anchor, as a rule, remains in working condition. Therefore, even with the mechanical nature of the damage, it is necessary to check the electrical part. In most cases, the problem can be detected by its appearance and characteristic odor (see Figure 1). If the malfunction cannot be established empirically, we proceed to diagnostics, which begins with a continuity call for an open. If one is found, the engine is disassembled (this process will be described separately) and a thorough inspection of the connections is performed. When a defect is not detected, it is possible to ascertain a break in one of the coils, which requires rewinding. If the continuity did not show a break, you should proceed to measuring the resistance of the windings, while taking into account the following nuances: In addition, it should be borne in mind that the resistance of the stator coils is quite low, so it makes no sense to use devices with a low accuracy class to measure it, such as most multimeters. You can correct the situation by assembling a simple circuit on a potentiometer with the addition of an additional power source, such as a car battery. The measurement procedure is as follows: It is also worth talking about a technique that allows you to determine the location of the interturn circuit. This is done in the following way: The stator, freed from the rotor, is connected through a transformer to a reduced power supply, after placing a steel ball to it (for example, from a bearing). If the coils are working, the ball will cyclically move along the inner surface without stopping. In the presence of an interturn short circuit, it will “stick” to this place. This type of electric machine is more likely to experience mechanical failures. For example, erasing brushes or clogging of collector contacts. In such situations, the repair comes down to cleaning the contact mechanism or replacing the graphite brushes. Testing the electrical part is reduced to checking the resistance of the armature winding. In this case, the probes of the device are two adjacent contacts (lamellas) of the collector, after taking readings, a measurement is made further in a circle. The displayed resistance should be approximately the same (taking into account the error of the device). If a serious deviation is observed, then this indicates that there is an inter-turn short circuit or a break, therefore, rewinding is necessary. This is a reference data, so the most reliable way to obtain such information is to refer to the relevant sources. This data can also be given in the passport to the product. On the network you can find tips in which it is recommended to manually count the turns and measure the diameter of the wire when rewinding. It's a waste of time. It is much easier and more reliable to find all the necessary information by marking the engine, which will indicate the following parameters: Below is a fragment of a table with winding data for electric machines of type 5A. It is necessary to immediately warn that without special equipment and work skills, rewinding coils will most likely be a futile exercise. On the other hand, a negative experience is also an experience. Understanding the complexity of a process is the best explanation for its cost. We give an algorithm of actions for asynchronous machines, it is as follows: This process can be greatly facilitated by using a special device - a puller. With it, it is easy to release the motor shaft from the pulley or gear, and also remove the end caps. We will not give instructions for disassembling the collector engine, since it does not differ much. The structure of this type of electric machine can be found on our website. The sequence of actions is as follows: At this stage, we recommend stopping, picking up the hull and taking it to the experts. Self-dismantling will reduce the cost of restoration work. As mentioned above, it is quite difficult to rewind coils without special equipment. To understand the complexity of the process, we describe its technology, which will make it easier to choose. The process consists of the following steps: If only the body was handed over for restoration, we recommend that you check the coils before turning on the motor. The process of replacing the winding of the collector motor is somewhat similar, with the exception of small nuances associated with the design feature. For example, the armature is sent for rewinding, not the case, provided that the problem did not arise with the excitation coils. In addition, there are the following differences: For these processes, special equipment is required; without it, rewinding electric motors is a waste of time. When connecting a three-phase asynchronous motor, it is important not to confuse the “beginnings” and “ends” of the windings. What to do if suddenly all the same they are mixed up. Here is how it was. We sent a three-phase motor 380/660V for rewinding. When a 220/380V motor is rewound, it is immediately connected to a star and three wires are brought out, which only remains to be connected to the phases. In our case, the engine must be connected to a triangle, so all six ends were brought out in it. The wrappers, of course, marked the leads with copper wires. One of our electricians did not understand this marking and connected the leads in his own way, and removed the “unnecessary” marking wires. Of course, he connected the conclusions incorrectly, otherwise there would be nothing to talk about. When the engine was turned on, the machine immediately knocked out. What was connected did not immediately become clear, so they switched it differently. Again the same effect. They switched it again, the engine seemed to start, but the current went off scale, and the protection worked again. So we tried to determine the “beginnings” and “ends” of the conclusions by the “scientific poke method”. The authorities did not like this, and forbade further experiments. A wrapper was called in to find out where the “beginnings” and where the “ends” of the windings are. It is not difficult to calculate the windings themselves, it is enough to ring. But to find where they have “beginnings” and where “ends” is a more difficult task, even after disassembling the engine, it will be difficult. It's amazing how many experienced electricians there are, there are even pensioners. And no one guessed how to find the “beginnings” and “ends” of the motor windings. Therefore, we add the method described below to the piggy bank of the secrets of experienced electricians. The wrapper came and gave us some good advice. Firstly, we reproached him that it would be nice to rewind the engine to 220/380V. To which he replied that it is more difficult to take a wire of a different section, and the number of turns is also different. All this must be calculated, calculated. And so they took it, removed all the windings except one, counted how many turns it had, and took the same wire. The winder was not going to disassemble the engine to determine the beginning and end of the windings. As he said, it's all conditional. The relativity of the “ends” and “beginnings” between the windings themselves is important. That is, conditionally, we can consider the three outputs of the windings to be the beginnings, although in reality, according to the winding, these will be the ends. A little confusing, but that doesn't matter. The wrapper took a step-down transformer and a voltmeter with him. I connected two motor windings in series and connected a voltmeter to their free ends. A low voltage from the transformer was applied to the third winding. The voltmeter needle remained at zero. This means that we will conditionally call the connected conclusions of the windings “beginnings”, and denote them by winding them with electrical tape. To make sure that everything is working correctly, the conclusions of one of the windings were reversed. Again we measured the voltage, this time the arrow deviated, everything is correct. Now it remains to find the “beginning” on the third winding. Everything is exactly the same, we take one winding with the “beginning” found and connect it in series with the third winding, and connect the voltmeter. And we apply voltage to the second winding. The arrow has deviated, and the arrow deviates if the "beginning" of one winding is connected to the "end" of the other winding. Since we understand that we have connected to the beginning of the first winding (which we have already defined), the “end” of the third winding. The output of the third winding connected to the voltmeter is marked with electrical tape as the “beginning”. In order to connect the motor windings into a triangle, you need to connect the “beginning” of the first winding to the “end” of the second, the “beginning” of the second winding to the “end” of the third, and the “beginning” of the third to the “end” of the first. We connected the windings, connected the engine, it immediately worked as it should. The winder also said that this method of determining the beginnings and ends of the motor windings is called the “Pavlov method”. So the smart wrapper taught the stupid electricians of the fifth category and the head of the electrical shop the mind. If you do not understand something or have questions, write in the comments. If the passport of the electric motor indicates, for example, 220/380 V, this means that the electric motor can be connected both to the 220 V network (the winding connection diagram is a triangle) and to the 380 V network (the winding connection diagram is a star). The stator windings of an asynchronous motor have 6 ends. Rice. 1. Wiring diagram of the windings of an asynchronous motor: a - into a star, b - into a triangle, c - implementation of the "star" and "triangle" circuits on the terminal board. If the voltage in the network is 380 V, then the motor stator windings must be connected according to the "star" scheme. With all this, either all the beginnings (C1, C2, C3) or all the ends (C4, C5, C6) are collected at a common point. A voltage of 380 V is applied between the ends of the windings AB, BC, CA. On each phase, in other words, between the points O and A, O and B, O and C, the voltage will be √3 times less: 380/√3 = 220 V. If the voltage in the network is 220 V (with a voltage system of 220/127 V, which is actually nowhere to be found at the current time), the motor stator windings must be connected according to the “triangle” scheme. At points A, B and C, the beginning (H) of the previous winding with the end (K) of the next winding and with the network phase are connected (Fig. 1, b). If we imagine that phase I is included between points A and B, between points B and C - II, and between points C and A - phase III, then with the “triangle” scheme, the following are connected: the beginning of I (C1) with the end of III (C6) , the beginning of II (C2) with the end of I (C4) and the beginning of III (C3) with the end of II (C5). For some engines, the ends of the winding phases are brought to the clamp board. According to GOST, the beginnings and ends of the windings are output in the order as shown in Figure 1, c. If now it is necessary to connect the motor windings according to the “star” scheme, the terminals to which the ends (or beginnings) are connected are closed to each other, and the network phases are connected to the motor terminals to which the beginnings (or ends) are connected. When connecting the motor windings into a “triangle”, the vertical clamps are connected in pairs and the network phases are connected to the jumpers. Vertical bridges connect the beginning of I with the end of phase III, the beginning of II with the end of phase I, and the beginning of III with the end of phase II. When determining the winding connection scheme, you can use the following table: Determination of coordinated conclusions (beginnings and ends) of the phases of the stator winding. The terminals of the stator windings of the motor usually have standard designations on the iron compression rings. But these compression rings are lost. Then there is a need to find agreed conclusions. They do it in that order. First, with the help of a test lamp, pairs of leads belonging to individual phase windings are determined (Fig. 2). Rice. 2. Determination of phase windings using a test lamp. One of the 6 terminals of the stator winding of the motor is connected to the network terminal 2, and one end of the control lamp is connected to the other network terminal 3. The other end of the test lamp alternately touches each of the other 5 leads of the stator windings until the lamp lights up. If the lamp lights up, it means that the two outputs connected to the network belong to the same phase. It is necessary to look with all this so that the conclusions of the windings do not close together. Each pair of conclusions is marked (for example, by tying it in a knot). Having determined the phases of the stator winding, they proceed to the 2nd part of the work - determining the agreed conclusions or “beginnings” and “ends”. This part of the work can be done in 2 ways. 1. Method of transformation. In one of the phases, a control lamp is turned on. The other two phases are connected in turn and connected to the network for phase voltage. If these two phases turned out to be switched on so that at point O the conditional “end” of one phase is connected to the conditional “beginning” of the other (Fig. 3, a), then the magnetic flux ∑Ф crosses the third winding and induces an EMF in it. The lamp will indicate the presence of EMF with a small glow. If the glow is invisible, then a voltmeter with a scale of up to 30 - 60 V should be used as an indicator. Rice. 3. Determination of the beginnings and ends in the phase windings of the motor by the transformation method If, for example, the conditional “ends” of the windings meet at point O (Fig. 3, b), then the magnetic fluxes of the windings will be oriented back to each other. The total flow will be close to zero, and the lamp will not glow (the voltmeter will show O). In this case, the conclusions belonging to one of the phases should be swapped and turned on again. If the lamp has a glow (or a voltmeter indicates a certain voltage), then the ends should be marked. On one of the conclusions that met at a common point O, they put on a tag marked H1 (the beginning of phase I), and on the other conclusion - K3 (or K2). Tags K1 and H3 (or H2) are put on the conclusions that are in common nodes (tied during the first part of the work) with H1 and K3, respectively. To determine the matched conclusions of the third winding, the circuit shown in Figure 3, c is assembled. The lamp is included in one of the phases already marked with conclusions. 2. Phase selection method. This method for determining the matched conclusions (beginnings and ends) of the phases of the stator winding can be used for small power engines - up to 3 - 5 kW. Rice. 4. Determination of the "beginnings" and "ends" of the winding by selecting the "star" scheme. After the conclusions of the individual phases are determined, they are randomly connected into a star (one conclusion from the phase is connected to the network, and one at a time is connected to a common point) and the engine is connected to the network. If all conditional “beginnings” or all “ends” hit a common point, then the engine will work normally. But if one of the phases (III) turned out to be “inverted” (Fig. 4, a), then the engine is very buzzing, although it can spin (but it can simply be slowed down). In this case, the conclusions of any of the windings at random (for example, I) should be swapped (Fig. 4, b). If the engine hums again and does not work well, then the phase should be turned on again, as before (as in diagram a), but turn the other phase - III (Fig. 3, c). If the engine still hums after that, then this phase should also be set as before, and the subsequent phase should be rotated - II. When the engine starts to work normally (Fig. 4, c), all three outputs that are connected to a common point should be marked identically, for example, with “ends”, and the reverse ones with “beginnings”. After that, you can assemble the working circuit indicated in the motor passport. Hello, dear visitors and regular readers of the Electrician's Notes website. I continue the series of articles from the section "". In past articles, I told you about the device, its windings, and conducted an experiment. There are situations when you approach the engine in order to connect it to the network, and there are 6 wires in the terminal block, completely without tags and markings. What to do in such a situation? This is not very difficult to do. As an example, I will show you clearly how to determine the beginning and end of the windings of the AIR71A4 electric motor. The very first step in determining the beginning and end of the windings of an induction motor is writing tags (cambrics). To do this, use a PVC tube with a diameter of 5 (mm) and a marker. We cut six segments of the same length from the PVC tube and sign them with a marker. I told you about the marking of the windings of a three-phase asynchronous motor in an article about. Who forgot, then follow the link and read. Here's what happened. You already know that the stator winding of an induction motor consists of 3 windings shifted relative to each other by 120 electrical degrees. So the second step in determining the beginning and end of the windings of an induction motor is to determine whether all six leads belong to the corresponding windings. How it's done? You can use a regular ohmmeter, but I prefer to use a digital multimeter. By the way, an interesting and detailed article about how to carry out various types will soon be published. In order not to miss the release of new articles on the site, you need to subscribe to receive news at the end of the article or in the right column of the site. So, using a multimeter, we determine the first winding. We set the multimeter operation mode switch to position 200 (Ohm). With one probe we stand on any of the six conductors. The second is looking for its end. As soon as we get to the desired conductor, the multimeter readings will show us a value other than zero. In my example, it is 14.7 (Ohm). This is the first stator winding of our electric motor. We put U1 and U2 tags on it in random order. Similarly, we continue to look for the other two windings. We put tags (cambric) on the found windings, respectively, V1, V2 and W1, W2. As a result, we get six wires with tags (cambric) put on them in an arbitrary form. To proceed to the third step of determining the beginning and end of the windings of a three-phase electric motor, it is necessary to briefly recall the theory of electrical engineering. So, two windings located on the same core can be connected either in coordination or in opposite directions. With the coordinated inclusion of two windings, an electromotive force EMF will arise, consisting of the sum of the EMF of the first and second windings. Thus, in these windings, a process of electromagnetic induction occurs, which induces an EMF in a nearby winding, i.e. voltage. If two windings are connected in opposite directions, then the sum of the EMF of these two windings will be equal to zero, because The EMF of each winding will be directed at each other, and thus cancel each other out. Therefore, in a nearby winding, the EMF will not be induced or induced, but of a very small value. Let's move on to practice. Take the first coil (U1 and U2) and connect it to the second one (V1 and V2) as follows. I remind you that these designations are conditional. The same scheme in my example. You wrote that you are changing the tags V1 and V2, probably you are changing the conclusions of V1 and V2 themselves in places? tell me whether it was possible to find what you were looking for using the proposed method conveniently or not well said! if you already have a multimeter, then, after determining the windings and putting on the tags, simply connect the two windings and measure the resistance, in the case of a series connection, the resistance doubles: R1 + R2, or otherwise decreases according to the formula: R1 * R2 / R1 + R2 you can see that it’s really less) .. you don’t need to connect a voltage of 100 - 220 volts, a light bulb through a battery .. With a multimeter, we measure the resistance of two windings, and we need the winding direction of the motor windings. And these are completely different things - do not confuse. But what if you still mix up one winding ...? How will the electric motor behave and what will happen if it works like this for 4 hours ...? Thank you for a good article and a cool site, quite often I sit on it, although I have a higher Electromechanical education and work as an Electromechanic on a ship. At the university, they give knowledge, but they still need to be comprehended, now I have access to practice again, I'm starting to learn to understand and comprehend the basics! The question is, that is, we supply the supply voltage in the terminal block to the winding rings? with numbers 2 (U2,W2,V2) ?? And we were also taught to put a dot on the winding diagram, this shows its beginning. The same, but I think it’s not important, we were taught to supply power to the winding which is itself, and to measure voltages on 2 others - well, that one doesn’t matter, because so what, so our ED works like a transformer? Please do not take my writings as a remark! This is just communication, reasoning. Thanks again for the article! Another question, I hope the topic is why the location of the windings on the terminal goes obliquely u1-w2; v1-u2; w1-v2. Is this the wiring diagram? Please clarify my theoretical gaps! Sincerely, Eugene! The terminals are set so that it is convenient to switch between star and delta. If you connect terminals U2-U1; V2-V1; W2-W1 between themselves and apply a supply voltage to them, then nothing will happen at all, because the same voltage will be applied to each winding, respectively, there will be no current in them. The engine doesn't even twitch. Tell me please, if you turn on two arbitrary windings in series with each other, turn on the lamp in series with them, and apply voltage to this circuit, then when turned on in the opposite direction, the lamp should not light up, but when it is turned on, should it? Alexander, in principle, a good idea, but how do you determine the required nominal lamp voltage - 12 (V), 24 (V) or 36 (V)? Isn't it easier with a multimeter? Hello! ... then, according to your theory, if the windings are not closed in series, then there is no induction ... then the engine will not turn, right? that when one of the three windings is connected to any of the two, the value somehow changes (a little more actively) ... in general, I spat and connected it, as I connected it for the first time, it seems to pull the load .. - now think whether the multimeter is completely Chinese or with an engine something, not that ..., whether I'm a fool or all together))) Koly Palkin, are you asking about thermistors (with a positive temperature coefficient - PTC resistors) that fit into the motor winding or about a thermal relay? And as for the multimeter, it’s not always at hand. They call and ask to drop in for a minute to help, but I don’t always carry this device with me in my pocket. Therefore, I would like to calculate the “handy” method))) Dmitry, you still didn’t answer, you tried the method I described above about the open triangle Good afternoon! There is a three-phase 380v motor, but without a tag. What are the parameters of the motor and in what way can I determine it myself? Thank you. Alexander. Then you can take templates for speed calibration, print and stick with tape on the end of the motor shaft, and then turn it on under a fluorescent lamp. If the image of the template is visible, then the revolutions matched. alexander the speed of a 3-phase conductor can be determined by the number of poles Thanks Dmitry, I really liked your article. Although I myself use the method using a battery to find the ends of the windings. And to make sure that the ends are found correctly, I assemble the windings into a star with probes I connect the tester to a common point and one of the three remaining terminals, and connect the battery to the other two terminals, if the ends are consistent, then the tester for opening the battery does not respond if the windings are assembled on the opposite side, then the arrow instrument is rejected kivin, the rewinders are of course right, but you mixed up: alexander, of course, I meant 2 poles per phase kivin, a worthwhile thought with tension, I'll try tomorrow. Thank you. Alexander: 12/14/2013 at 00:30 Admin, today I tested my theory with a light bulb in series in practice. The theory does not work. The 220 volt lamp burns brightly with ANY windings turned on. I tried to supply both 220 and 380. By the way, the engine rotates slowly (about 120 rpm) the inclusion of two windings, which is quite surprising ... Dmitry is right. When the specified circuit is turned on, 3.4 V is induced on each winding; they either add up with a coordinated inclusion - 6.8V, or subtract (extinguish each other). 0.15V is obtained due to differences in winding resistances - hundredths of an ohm. Each engine, if I may say so, has its own coefficient. transformation U1 / U2 and the voltage is not 6.8V, but different. you can use a light bulb, but a multimeter is better. When one of the windings is turned on, oppositely relative to 2, according to those turned on, many motors begin to rotate (at idle), the speed is less than the nominal one. It is necessary to look for an error in the connections. The windings are designated C1-C4, C2-C4, C3-C6. The theory always works. Alexander: 02/06/2014 at 00:20 Alexander. Alexander, however, nothing will work out for us - this is how we find out the idle power of the engine. And how to find out its rated power? Good afternoon, there is a two speed polish motor. There are no tags and pads. So I understand that the ends of the windings are hidden inside. Come out 6 ends. 3 ends of the windings of a star for 3000 revolutions and 3 ends of the windings of the second star for 1200 revolutions. Most likely, the common twists of the stars are hidden inside ... Is it possible to connect such an engine to 220. Thank you Nikolai, how do you know that the engine is two-speed, even if there are no tags on it. At a minimum, you need to know at least its type in order to accurately answer your question. very well shown, did everything)) works The method is fast if the electric motor is 1-speed and if like I have 12 of them Everything is well and accessible explained, but I would like to make a comment. Thank you, Vasily. But before making reasonable comments, study the new GOSTs. According to GOST 26772-85, new designations for the outputs of the windings of electric motors have been introduced. I wrote about this in an article about. I accept criticism in my address (according to the designation of the ends of the terminals of the windings of the electric motor), which means I am a little behind ... Tell me, please, what ohmic resistance should the multimeter show for good windings of a three-phase asynchronous motor with a power of 4 kW? Thank you. Dmitry, it all depends on the specific type of engine. The measured ohmic resistance of the motor windings should not differ from the factory value by more than 2%. For example, AOL2-32-2, 4 (kW), 220/380 (V), 1.19 (Ohm). Another example, 4A100L4, 4 (kW), 220/380 (V), 3.36 (Ohm). The thing is that the type of engine is unknown, three wires are brought out, how it is connected inside is unknown, but I think that it is a star. If so, then the resistance measurement gave the result of two windings connected in series. About 3 ohm. After removing the covers on the ends, a rather large amount of moisture and wood dust was found (the engine was running on a circular). The engine failed unexpectedly - the machine just began to cut down. Is it possible to hope that after drying it will work, if it is known for sure that it did not smoke, does not stink of burning and windings without visible darkening? Sorry for the wordiness, thanks in advance. Addition. The engine has been running for several years on a three-phase 380 V network outdoors (not indoors). Dmitry, after drying, it may well work. At our work, the pump motors are constantly drowning in water. We disassemble, dry, and as soon as the insulation is restored, we turn it on again. Thank you very much for your advice. Tell me, there is an engine (1.5 kW, 380). It was connected to a star, having disassembled it, brought the ends out from one point to connect with a triangle of 220, I measure the resistance of the windings 1st shows 6.0 Ohm, 2nd -0.5 Ohm, 3rd - 0.6 Ohm. Does such winding resistance mean that the motor is faulty? The winding resistance must be the same. In your case, the resistance is different, and one winding has much more than the others. This should not be - such an engine cannot be turned on. Admin Dmitry, I completely agree with you, the engine is faulty. I just can’t imagine what kind of malfunction it is, in which the resistance increases? When it breaks, it is much larger, when it turns, it is less ... Could you explain if you know? A very useful site, I would like to know the winding data of two high-speed engines. They brought it to me for rewinding, and there the whole circuit practically burned down, only one output end remained. Engine type M132JST. 3.7/2.0kw A real electrician always helps another electrician. thank you. Hello! My engine is buzzing, the resistance of C2 with C1 is 1.4 ohm and C2 and C3 are 10 ohm, but relative to C3 on C1 and C2 the resistance is the same, 10 ohm. Does this mean that the ends of the windings are not correctly defined beginning and end? Or something else? Andrey. This means that your motor has died. Turn circuit of the winding C1. Good day, I have a compressor for the Carrier air conditioner, we have 6 pins marked 123 and 789, but they only call each other, i.e. 1co2.1s3.2s3 and 7s8.7s9.8s9. On the motor nameplate 380YY. How to connect it correctly? Thank you I think 7,8,9, close to a star, and to 1,2,3, supply three phases. Or vice versa. If it is very bad to cool, then assemble a triangle from them. my thoughts. We are waiting for specialists. Oops. I'm wrong! cannot call from 3. Sorry, there is something more serious. you most likely have a two-speed two-star engine, you can first apply phases to 123 to try one speed a ground wire to the zero case is not needed, since its resolving zero will appear there at the point of contact of 3 windings Good afternoon. The problem is this, the generator is synchronous single-phase without brushes. They brought from the repair with cut off phase tags, you need to find the beginning and end alexey t, why do you need the beginning and end of the winding in single-phase? It is SINGLE-PHASE ... As I understand it, there are two windings: one power and one capacitor. They can be distinguished by the cross section of the wires. If I'm wrong, correct, we'll figure it out together. all the more interesting we have 3 windings: 2 - 110v each and one capacitor. cond-th is not difficult to find with power is more difficult. Well, then turn on both power supplies in series, with each other and a light bulb. Apply a change of any value and measure the output with a voltmeter. voltmeter. Then turn over one of the windings and measure again. In which case there will be more, that is the agreed inclusion. Those. Measure on a capacitor winding? It is possible on it, but I meant on a light bulb. But you are right, it will be even better on a capacitor. A question. How long can voltage be applied to two windings in series? (220 volts, to determine the voltage on 3 windings) Only 15 minutes on your site, and I learned so much!) Thanks for the article, I will wait for new ones! 10/28/2014 at 18:04 "A question. How long can voltage be applied to two windings in series? (220 volts, to determine the voltage on 3 windings) " We apply an alternating voltage of the order of 100 (V) to the output U1 and V2. It is possible to apply voltage and 220 (V) - supply linear voltage? or from phase and zero? It is safer to apply a phase voltage of 220V if the motor has Un - 220 or 380V I have such a question that the ohmic resistance to direct current of the electric motor exceeded instead of 2%, it turned out to be 9.9%, what is the problem? This is a turn circuit, the test of 13 kV of a change, all three windings withstood, and both insulation and absorption leave much to be desired to abs = 2.08, the motor after a complete rewind Diaz, if the engine is after rewinding, then most likely this is not an inter-turn short circuit, but a winder error, which may not have wound the winding sections correctly or took slightly different wire sections. So it turned out that you have different ohmic resistance in different phases. With such a difference of 9.9%, it is forbidden to turn on the engine. This is why it is necessary to measure the ohmic resistance of DC windings, because during a high-voltage test they make a conclusion about the insulation of the windings relative to the motor housing, and absorption shows the moisture content of the insulation. Good day, please tell me how to connect a pointer ammeter to a 4kw electric motor from 220v (homemade DC) Sergey Alekseevich, if the ammeter is direct connection, then take the ammeter with a limit of up to 25-35 (A) - this will be enough. The ammeter is connected in series, i.e. into a gap, for example, a phase wire. If the ammeter is a transformer inclusion, then they all go to the secondary current 5 (A), the difference will be only the limits on the scale of the device. Such an ammeter is connected to the secondary outputs of the current transformer. Good day! P.S. the tag shows the stator winding connected in a triangle with vertices 4c1, 4c2, 4c3. Tell me how to properly connect a two-speed electric motor, the speed ratio is 1 to 2, that is, 750 and 1500 rpm. min. Six outputs on which there are no tags, only wires are connected in two groups of three. Does it matter which group to connect to a triangle, and the second to a double star, if it does, then tell me how to determine these groups, which is connected to a triangle, and the second to a double star Anatoly, I need photos of the tag and the boron engine. Email them to me and I'll take a look. Thanks Admin, using the practical method, when connecting the voltage, I sort of figured it out, it turned out according to the Dahlander scheme with a constant moment, that is, a triangle and a double star, everything works fine Maybe my question is a little childish))) but still. As I understand it, the beginning and end are conditional in the engine, that is, one of the two ends of one winding can be taken as the beginning (even if it was originally the end), and from it already dance, the main thing is that a consistent current flows through the windings? Alexander: Good day, please tell me a single-phase motor with a 50 micron capacitor, if you look at the engine from the side of the pulley, then turn to the right side with good power, it starts the milling machine with a belt in the load, though with an 80 micron conder, 4 wires come out of the engine, two yellow blue and black blue and the yellow one hangs on the condeconder and the black one and the yellow one for the network I change the black one for the conder blue for the network it turns the other side but there is no power without a belt, it starts up, I start to tighten the belt, the engine goes out, tell me how to figure out how to connect it so that the engine with Chinese turns to the left side with normal power high pressure washers some kind of aquarace or something like that on the body of the sink it says 2500 watts Vladimir: Good day. please tell me a single-phase motor with a working capacitor of 50 microns, if you look at the engine from the side of the pulley, then spinning to the right with good power starts a milling machine with a belt in the load, though with an 80 microns conder. 4 wires come out of the engine, two yellows blue and black, blue and yellow hang on the condeconder, and black and yellow on the network, I change black to conder blue to the network turns the other side but there is no power, without a belt it starts, I start to pull the belt the engine goes out. tell me how to figure out how to connect so that it turns to the left side with normal power. the engine is from a Chinese high-pressure washer (some kind of aquarace or something like that) 2500 watts is written on the body of the sink, there are no tags on the engine, but on the body of the sink itself on the tag 2500 watts, there was such a conder 50 microns. I climbed on your site like I found a shot, and you mention about the connection in the engine, I guess that I also probably connected everything inside and brought everything out ready for the desired direction of rotation. sorry for the comma and so on, I write on android so I barely get the letters, I rarely use the sensor, but there is no Internet on the laptop, they stole the cable on the 400 m line If the working capacitors (capacity 10 + 10 + 50 = 70 uF) were selected according to a simplified formula (C = 66 * Pnom), then it turns out that the power of your engine is 1.1 (kW), although it may be 0.75 (kW), and 1.5 (kW). In general, if there is no tag on the engine, then the engine power is determined by its overall dimensions, according to the reference book. the admin wanted to ask, in the article you assembled it into a triangle and applied 3 phases, that is, did you make the voltage phase 220 and linear in the region of 100V? Are you on this 220 V. Wiring one phase one zero? Or how ... And there is also a cross-section of the wiring? If you already have a multimeter, then, after determining the windings and putting on the tags, simply connect the two windings and measure the resistance, in the case of a serial connection, the resistance doubles: R1 + R2, or otherwise decreases according to the formula: R1 * R2 / R1 + R2 it can be seen that it is really less) .. no need to connect a voltage of 100 - 220 volts, a light bulb through a battery. Next answer With a multimeter, we measure the resistance of two windings, and we need the winding direction of the motor windings. And these are completely different things - do not confuse. Answer We measure the resistance of two windings AS SERIES OR PARALLEL? Hello. I need advice on how to find the beginning and end of the windings. There is an electric motor, after rewinding. Two speed. 9 outputs in a terminal box. How to find the beginning and end of the first speed and the second? Michael: Thanks for the answer. The problem is how to determine which pin refers to which speed and where the start and end are. Two-speed motor, one speed is twice the other. It is connected through three contactors. One triple to the contactor to the network, the other triples of conclusions, each to its own contactor and briefly between them. For spin-up, the power contactor is closed and one of them is short-circuited, as the motor is untwisted, the other contactor is switched on shortly. Motor 200 kW. After rewinding, 9 pins stick out and that's it. Michael: Hello. Tell me what to do. I was going to connect the motor. into a triangle (I saw how to do it on YouTube, it was shown there using the example of three windings), I dismantled all the twists there turned out to be 12 ends. I don’t know what to do now, I won’t even do it how it was. It needs to run on 220V. Motor 380V, 1410 rpm, Y, 2.2 kW. There were three outputs on the terminal block. Thank you. ... name, sister, name! ... Does the motor have a full name? diman, you obviously have a nameplate on the motor. Give us everything that is written on the nameplate. 4AMX90L4U3 is this what? Diman, yes, this one. The rest you mentioned in your last post. On the net regarding this type of motors there are words about built-in temperature sensors, maybe there is one here? In general, climbing into such things with the help of all sorts of Tyrnetov's advisers ... And even if your hands itched, what was it worth taking a marker and a sheet of paper? surfactant, the diman must first be restored as it was. disassemble the electric motor so that the ends of the stator windings can be seen the engine is without a nameplate, it’s old, it’s quite difficult to understand its type, because it’s not a specialist. There are 6 conclusions. There was a triangle connection.. I disassembled the connection, it was twisted. I tried it and it gets warm, even the smoke went, the smell .. what could be the reason .. There is only one reason, if you are 146% sure that it is in good condition, to the point that the windings are turned on incorrectly. You have to get used to doing everything new and unknown with marking conclusions and drawing, or better, a photo of each step, then it is much easier to understand the incomprehensible, and now there is only one way out - to look for an experienced and competent electrician. Sasha: At our enterprise, from rewinding, motors come with a certain beginning and end of windings and even included in a star or triangle, which is quite natural. But there are times when, for some reason, the ends stick out unsigned. To connect the engine in this situation, I always use the following method. After determining the coils, I turn the ends into the desired circuit (star or triangle), then I connect it to the network and start the engine. When properly connected, the motor runs smoothly, but if the ends of the windings do not match, the motor will hum. Then I take any winding and change its ends in places. If the situation does not change and the engine hums terribly, I put the ends of this winding in place. I perform the same operation with the next winding. And so on, until the engine runs correctly. Everything about everything takes a maximum of twenty minutes. The method is acceptable for engines of any power. Does not bring any harm to equipment and personnel (subject to safety precautions). This method can be used both in laboratory conditions and at the place of installation of the electric motor. Vitaly No, not by myself. What about problems? Vitaly: There is an old book on the repair of electric / motors, three beautiful classical methods for determining the windings are described there, I can throw it off to the admin for general disgust. surfactant: Alexander: Alexander, I'll try to scan the pages somewhere, then we'll decide. So far I can only take a photo, but the quality is unlikely to be at the level. And I can’t give links, because. snatched from a neighbor - she melted the stove in the country, no name, no exit. No data. The book was on the repair of email. motors and rewind to other wires and voltages. There are winding data for some types of motors A, AO, 4A, please ask. Now such data is difficult to find. Vitaly: Vitaly suggested a simple and effective way. I will try and apply it in my practice. Admin: Alexandru, Admin: In one of the comments on the site, I already said that we still use the “Soviet era” tachometer TCH10-R, although modern digital tachometers are also on sale on the market. Also, the engine rotation speed can be determined in other ways without special devices, for example, using the disks that Alexander mentioned, or by the stator winding, or ... in general, there are ways. I will write about it in my spare time. Vitaly, do you need to determine the speed under load, or at idle? If on XX, then there are few options 750 (rarely), 1500 and 3000. SAW, thanks for the advice on the car sensor. I'll try. The need to measure the speed arises in different cases: At idle, for example, when selecting an engine, if there is no tag (nameplate) on it. I have a tachometer, the same one mentioned by the Admin, but he (the tachometer) has recently become "moping" (which is why he supported Alexander's question about other ways to measure speed). It is not always possible to disassemble the engine to look at the stator. But here you noticed correctly: there are few options - you can determine by eye when connected to the network. A much bigger problem is under load. Here on the "eye" will not work. There is another way - on some washing machines there is a tachogenerator on the shaft - a post generator. current with a fairly linear characteristic, a simple voltage meter is already enough for him, and it is not difficult to obtain a characteristic in volts per revolution - on the same well-known motor in XX mode. Thanks again, PAV! I will definitely try this method as soon as I get to the washing machine :) You just look carefully, there may be alternating current. Vitaly: PAVu: Thank you! Hello. And what are the most practical ways to determine the beginning and end of the motor windings? Hello dear and seasoned to us boobies Admin! (deflection counted))))) Denis: Oh stop it! If INITIALLY, then there would be either THREE or FOUR wires / outputs !!! And so, six, and here options are possible. The difference between a star and a triangle must be both known and understood, then you can write about your understanding. surfactant: This is far from everyone, but only a powerful engine, or a loaded one, and it starts on the contrary - a triangle and then, with the rotor spinning through several. seconds - transition to a star. However, it will not heat up, this is a normal operating mode, long. Not vice versa, but exactly as I wrote - the start is on a star. Here I am sure, because almost every day I am poking around in their launchers. By the way, you involuntarily reminded me that it is necessary to create a topic on the forum for disassembling the DILM-40 starter. And then the pictures on the mobile have been lying for a long time, but I forget everything. In this case, if we are talking about the question of Denis, and not in general, there are no launch switches. Only under a specific voltage, and most often not 660 volts. There's probably 220/380 and nothing more. Both the capacitance of the capacitor / moat and the power on the shaft will depend on the choice of the switching circuit. For a grindstone, a pseudo-star is also quite tolerable, but the start will be sluggish with a massive stone, so a triangle is better. Hello! I would like to ask a couple of questions about my motors, I hope you can help. 1. There is a three-phase motor. On the nameplate: AOM 11-2, 3ph, 380 V, star, 0.35 kW, 2700 rpm, 1A, 50 Hz. In fact, there are 6 wires in the terminal box (they were not connected in any way), I rang, found all the pairs, all 24.9 ohms each. The last winding closes to the case and gives 25 ohms (W1 and case), and 0.1 ohm (W2 and case). Haven't taken the engine apart yet. 2. There is a single-phase motor. There is no nameplate (it was, but I tore it off, it was no longer possible to read anything there). In general, 4 wires stick out - 2 with thick insulation and 2 with thin ones. With thick insulation it gives out 2 ohms (starting), with thin insulation 22 ohms (working). Thank you in advance! Yes, in the previous message I mixed up the starting and working windings, with a thick section of 2 Ohm - working, with a thin 22 Ohm - starting. For the first engine: Vyacheslav, on a post dated 03/11/2016 at 04.27- If desired, such a motor can be started at 220, making one winding working, another through a capacitor to obtain the required direction. It’s just not possible to load much, so it’s a grindstone ... Alexander: Thank you very much for the prompt response. Even if the insulation is worn out - at least it can be wrapped with electrical tape, it won’t melt, what do you think? And how do you connect the capacitors? One pair in series, the second pair in series, and then these two pairs are parallel to each other? Vyacheslav: Alexander, thanks! Vyacheslav, This “voltage” is not needed there, 400 ... 450 V is enough, some work with a working 350 V. but the capacity is needed calculated or close. surfactant, It all depends on the material of the dielectric in the capacitor. There are industrial devices where the shift capacitor has 315 volts, and nothing. If we take the Soviet ones, there are types that allow 20% excess of the rated voltage at 50 Hz, and there are 100%, it all depends on the specific type. I think it all depends on the voltage. If the capacitor is 200 volts, but can tolerate 100% - that is, 400 volts, then why did they write the number 200 on it? I don't see the logic. Engine DPT-P-22-4, 380V., 0.55/0.37 kW., 3000/1500 rpm YY/Triangle People, how to check the winding for penetration into the body? A place where, you are unlikely to find, you can only have a breakdown. This is done not with a multimeter, but with a megohmmeter, or a 220/25 watt lamp and two wires to it. Observing TB !!! - the motor is on an insulated table, etc., gloves - at least the neutral of the network - on the motor housing, then in turn touch the terminals of the windings with a lamp, the second wire of which is connected to the phase wire of the network. The lamp does not light / shine - there is no breakdown, it burns / shines - there is. And detailing is tricky. Vyacheslav, And there are already two details - two shields and it is difficult not to notice the place where the winding touches. surfactant: And also track each turn? Clearly, to search means to search everywhere. Hello, please explain what an additional contact block is and how to connect it to the starter It is difficult to answer unequivocally, perhaps this means the possibility of increasing the contact groups in the contactors. NOT for everyone, but there is one - just another add-on is installed on top. Give me an e-mail, I'll show you if we are talking about the same thing. Create the material you profile in electronics, the usual additional contact block PKI-22NO 2NZ, please, it’s clear that it is intended for multiplying contacts, so where to connect it to the starter, there, for example, we take an intermediate relay, the relay has a coil when it is energized, it closes and opens its contacts, but this additional contact block does not have a coil, how to connect a photo in a comment, please post it! If you have related questions, then ask them in the comments to that article. Thank you. such a question - if, when connected by a star, the voltage is connected not to three beginnings, but to three ends (respectively, three beginnings in a bunch) ... will something change in the operation of the engine? Good day. There is an engine, the tag says that it is 220, three-phase. Only three ends come out. I would like to connect it to one phase. In this regard, I wondered what scheme it is connected to, a star or a triangle. Is there any way to determine this? There are no corresponding markings on the tag. The engine is from a deep vibrator IV ... I don’t remember how it goes on. Can a star be connected to a single-phase network? What else, besides "it says that 220" is written, are there any icons? There are no icons, it says 220v 3 50 ~ Hz. The rest is all the power, year, model of the device, etc. There are no inscriptions anywhere else, neither on the cover nor under it ... in general, nowhere. I'll look at the exact model, I'll write. I just don't know if it's a star or a triangle. I know how to connect a triangle to one phase. I found a schematic on this site, it seems like a star is also connected. I just have doubts, I've never heard of such a thing. I myself am not professionally connected with this, so there is almost no experience with electric motors. Yes, it doesn’t matter, one phase can be used for one exchange. and two turn on, the rest through the capacitor. The rotor will spin, only the moment on the shaft is different. The engine itself is a kilowatt, only the vibrator will turn, the load is not large. Igor, most likely your motor windings are assembled with a star for a voltage of 220 (V), i.e. 127 (B) is applied to each motor winding when connected by a star. I have a similar engine (AOL 22-4) discussed in articles about: and connection. Hello, tell me pzhl. When a voltage of 380 is applied to the second ends of the motor windings, how much will be at the first ends, is it possible to burn the controller if these ends were mistakenly connected to a 24 volt controller? There are no jumpers in boron, the role of jumpers is performed by contactors, star-delta circuit hello everyone, I have a question, I connected a motor on which nothing really is written, 400V + 10% and there is no star, no triangle, there are 6 ends, I found windings 1,2,3, started looking, I connected the beginning of the ends through a lamp to one of windings, 4 wires left, 2 connected measured - 0, then changed the wires, measured, 2.2V, changed - 0, set it so when it was 2.2V higher voltage different from zero, it turns out I found the beginning and end (let's say) the first and second windings, how can I understand which of those two wires will be the beginning and ends to those that I found by measuring, for example. (it turns out NOT THAT which was originally called when measuring resistance?) help a novice electrician))) If you found three windings, equal in resistance, independent, why should you look for something else? Turn them on either with a triangle or a star and apply voltage. The rotor must rotate in any direction. If this direction does not suit you, turn over the leads of one winding and get reverse rotation. in the end, when I figured it out, the engine was already closed, but still my question remains, how to understand where the beginning is and where the end is. I measure u--u1+c1--c. I measure, I get u and c as a result I get a higher eg, and then what will be the beginning and end for c and u? SAW, that is, it turns out when I find the windings by measuring the resistance, will it be the beginning and end? called 3 windings of 25 ohms connected them into a star and applied 3 phases and everything?)) then why is this whole topic with a voltage of 100 volts, or as I did through a lamp so as not to apply 220 to the winding Ilya, where else is more detailed ?! If you have a three-phase motor and there are 6 ends in the terminal block, then proceed sequentially, according to this article. You found three different windings, they have the same resistance and that's good. And then you write that you apply voltage to one winding. Why for one?! Take a closer look at the diagram in the article - we apply voltage to both windings by connecting them in series. And we measure the voltage already on the third winding, and so on. that's it, I figured it out, I'm sorry for my carelessness, I connected a 3-phase fan, thank you! scheme works) Alexander: there is a single-phase motor with windings of 1.6 ohms and 6.7 ohms, without a capacitor (working and starting). Suggest a reverse scheme with a block of buttons “Stop”, Back”, Forward” Please tell me how to properly connect an inductive motor for 3 phases cos 0.08, 90 kilowatts How to understand "inductive" and cos 0.08 ??? There is no such cosine. The method is good for motors with the same winding resistance, but motors for home fans have 4 pairs and different winding resistances, it will probably be better to use the battery method (intermittent connection) and follow where the instrument arrow deviates (digital will not work). And why in such an engine to determine the polarity of the windings? Hello! I have a question. I gave a 3-phase asynchronous motor 3000 rpm to rewind. 0.79 kW. Asked to connect with a triangle. After rewinding, 6 ends are brought out and twisted in pairs. means the beginning and end of each winding are twisted together. Run like this or look for the beginning and end of each winding? How will it work if left as is? Please clarify as I am not an electrician. Why did you decide that way - ... it means the beginning and end of each winding are twisted together ... (c) Check first, make sure. Hello! there is an asynchronous motor 2.2 kW, it is in the gearbox for drilling. The resistance of all windings to direct current is 2.8 ohms. The resistance between the windings relative to each other and the housing was measured with a megohmmeter at 500 V. Norm. Problem: At idle, the engine runs, turns. Under load, it does not develop the required power. We connected it first through a 220 V frequency converter, a triangle connection, it does not drill. then, for the experiment, they connected a star to 380V, the same picture, it dies under load, although there are no comments at idle. The gearbox itself is in perfect condition. Tell me what to do? could the problem be with the rotor? it is unlikely that all three windings could burn equally to 2.8 ohms. And in general, what orders should there be resistance? thank you in advance! Hello! I'm an electrician, but this is the first time I've seen this. The engine came from a rewind, 380 V, when it gave it away, there were three outputs in the borne, and it came from the 9th. The first pair with a tag is the second 2 ° 5, the third 3 ° 6, and plus three more wires without a name, question! How to understand it? What to twist with what and where to apply voltage Are you kidding??? Isn't it easier to ask the winder? hello, tell me, the engine looks similar to the AOP 22-4 (aluminum corps from the frame) Good health to everyone! I want to apologize for the wrong information about the existing engine (from 09/17/2016 to 21.08). Hello! The method mentioned in the article does not work for me! For the sake of experiment, I decided to try this method on an engine with marked beginnings and ends of the windings. The first motor is 0.25kw/380v. I did everything as indicated in the diagram in the article - first I connected v1 to u2 (according to the article, on the opposite side), applied 220V to v2 and u1, measuring the voltage on w1-w2 showed 16.5V (?!). Next, v2 connected to u2 (consistently) and applied 220V to v1-u1 - measured on w1-w2 showed 0.6V (?!). That is, the results were exactly the opposite. At the same time, the engine hummed like a tractor. Good day to all! The article is very helpful and clearly explains everything. Thanks to the AUTHOR! Does anyone know how to do to determine the beginning and end of the windings. To do without a mileAmp Volohmmeter. I want to make for an enterprise. The problem with the definition of windings appears quite often. I want everything to be simple and understandable even to a non-specialist. Thanks to all. Alexander, look again at the connection diagram of the beginning and end of the windings in the article! In your first case, you just connected the end of U2 in a consistent manner, connected it to the beginning of V1 and applied voltage to the beginning of U1 and the end of V2 (as in the diagram). And in the second case, the magnetic flux of the windings is directed towards each other, and the result on the multimeter is obvious. But with the second engine is not clear. Look again at the beginning and end of the windings. Hello. Valentine, this method is applicable to engines of absolutely all capacities. Hello. In the first figure, the phase U1-U2 is the end numbered correctly? And in the V1-V2 phase, they simply changed the tags and now connected the end of U2 to the end of V2 (which was more precisely V2) got confused ... And so that there is no short one, can you still turn on the lamp in series? I want to add a little. You can find the beginnings and ends of the windings even with the help of simple improvised means, for example, using a simple 220V light bulb. It is necessary to connect all three windings in series and connect to a 220V network. And then simply connect the light bulb in turn to each of the three windings connected in series. If the light bulb is lit on all three windings in the same way, then the windings are connected correctly and it remains only to mark the beginnings and ends of the windings. And if on one of the windings the light bulb burns dimmer or does not burn at all, then the ends of this winding just need to be swapped. I want to fix it up a bit. The voltage on an incorrectly connected winding will not be lower, but higher. Therefore, the light bulb will burn on this winding not dimmer, but much brighter than on the other two. I live in Toronto, mechanic. I checked all the engines, I barely found a European one with 6 ends. He applied 120 volts to 1 winding, connected the other two in series, froze - 23 volts. If the two windings are turned on oppositely, then I got about 1.5 volts. Why do you need all these measurements? Is it a problem to turn on at random, make sure the rotation is correct / incorrect and throw the roots of the horde winding? Nikolai, the definition of the beginnings and ends of the windings of multi-speed motors is done in a similar way. Of course, this must be considered individually, but the meaning remains the same - to determine the direction of the windings of each section. Thanks, Admin, but the question is with a 9-pin motor. Here they are marked as follows: the first main winding is the beginning - 1 end 4, respectively, the second main 2 and 5, the third main 3 and 6. Additional windings 7 and 10, 8 and 11, 9 and 12. The ends will be supplemented. windings 10, 11 and 12 are already connected inside the engine, I don’t see them, i.e. there will be a star connection, so we have only 9 pins. I called and found 1, 2 and 3 windings and the beginning of additional 7, 8 and 9, but now how to connect the main and additional? I understand that the first main winding must be connected to the first additional winding in series, i.e. the end of 4 must be connected to the beginning of 7? How to find it or not, and I can connect the first main with the beginning of the third additional, etc.? Thank you. And turn it on at random, make sure of the correct / incorrect rotation and throw the roots of the horde winding - a problem? --- SAW, we determine not the correct rotation, but the correct connection of the windings, the correct or opposite connection, read the article. In the book L.G. Prishchep Moscow Agropromizdat 1986. The textbook of a rural electrician on pages 255-256 describes all three methods for determining the beginnings and ends of the windings. The first method described by the administrator is called the transformation method, when 220v is applied to the coils and when the EMF is applied to the control light, the spiral glow will be noticeable, no EMF no glow. The second method is called the method of selecting ends, which Vitaliy described above, that is, we stupidly connect the ends with a “star” and apply 380v to the remaining three ends if the engine is running normally. then we are lucky, if one winding is turned upside down, the engine “mumbles” in 2-3 seconds. do not burn, change the ends of one winding, earned guessed no, return everything back, work with the other winding, only attempts three times. and the third method is the “open triangle” method, which was also discussed above. Others help asynchronous electric motor star connection, measured by a tester 1 winding + 1 winding is equal to 3 ohms. working engine or dead? Hello Admin. Wanted to ask a question. The electric motor without designation, judging by the wires, is single-phase, two-winding (working and starting). With centrifugal release mechanism. Outside to the exit 6 ends. Plus 2 capacitors of different capacities. Question: is there a beginning and end of the windings? How to define it? How to determine the working and starting windings? And what's the right way to turn it all off? Thanks in advance. Andrey- Hello! I'm trying to find the beginning and end of phase windings according to your article. I connected the electric motor according to the first scheme, applied 220V voltage, the engine is buzzing, tell me this is normal, it will not burn out? The stator winding (CO) of such motors includes three windings - according to the number of phases. Traditionally, they can be connected to a three-phase network either as a star or a delta. Since, during the operation of an asynchronous motor, the direction of the electromagnetic field lines of force is very important, it is very important to turn on the CO in a coordinated manner. In other words, each of them has a beginning and an end, and confusion in this matter is unacceptable. When connecting with a “star”, the beginnings of all windings are connected at a common neutral point, and the phase conductors of the supply cable are connected to the ends (it can be considered vice versa - this is not important). And when connecting with a “triangle”, the end of each is connected to the beginning of the next. Each such output - the top of the triangle - is connected to one of the phases of the network. The ends of CO motors are marked at the factory with special crimp tags. The marking is standard and has the following form: the beginning of the first - C1, the end of the first - C4; the beginning of the second - C2, the end of the second - C5; the beginning of the third - C3, the end of the third - C6. However, marking tags are often lost during engine operation. In such cases, you have to search and mark the ends and beginnings yourself. To do this, first of all, it is necessary to determine each pair of conclusions belonging to one of the COs. This can be done with a conventional multimeter, or with a test lamp connected to the network. For people familiar with the basics of electrical engineering, this is not a problem. The ends that managed to “ring out” must be immediately marked, for example, with colored tape. To determine the end and beginning in each pair, you can use one of two methods: the transformation method or the phase selection method. This method uses the general principles of a voltage transformer and a motor. If two motor windings are connected to the network and their inclusion is consistent, then they induce some EMF in the third. In the case of a mismatched inclusion of the first two windings, the magnetic fluxes created by them will be counter and will mutually compensate each other. Then the EMF in the third will be absent. Thus, including in the network two COs in series to two of the three phases, we must control the presence / absence of EMF in the third one using a multimeter (voltmeter), or a test lamp. A weak glow of the lamp or the presence of voltage, according to the readings of the device, will indicate that at the common point of the windings connected to the network, the beginning of one of them and the end of the other are connected. If there is no glow or readings, then either two “ends” or two “beginnings” “met” at the connection point. Since we have previously called pairs of leads for each winding and marked them, we hang tags C4 and C2, respectively, on their opposite ends. Thus, we have already decided on two of the three windings. The position of the third is determined similarly. You can, for example, connect one of its outputs to output C2, and connect the second output to one of the phases of the network. Output C5 will be connected to the other phase, and outputs C1 and C4 will be connected to a voltmeter or test lamp. If the device (lamp) detects the presence of EMF in the first winding, then the output C2 is connected to the end of the third (C6). If EMF does not occur, then output C3 is connected at the common point. Phase selection method. To some extent, we are all well acquainted with this method for a long time, knowing it as a “scientific poke method”. The essence of the phase selection method is that the CO of the engine are assembled into a star at random. Then the motor is connected to a three-phase network. If the connection of the windings is not coordinated, then the motor will hum strongly. At the same time, its working shaft may even rotate, however, the moment will be very small - up to the possibility of stopping it by hand. If all these “effects” are observed, then one of the included windings must be “turned over” - its beginning and end should be swapped. After that, the engine is again connected to the network, its operation is monitored and a conclusion is made about the consistency of the CO switching on. And if the result is the same, then the “inverted” winding returns to its original position, and another one turns over. “Rollovers” are performed until the engine starts to work normally. Then the outputs connected at a common point can be marked as "ends" ("beginnings"), and the outputs connected to the network - as "beginnings" ("ends"). Due to the specifics of the phase selection method, it is not recommended to use it for motors with a power of more than five kilowatts: you can burn the stator windings. After all, the inconsistent mode is similar to the open-phase mode of operation of the engine. And the negative aspects associated with this mode of operation are most pronounced for powerful engines. A few general recommendations. It is better to make labels for marking conclusions in advance from soft metal, and to knock out the designations on them with the help of stamps. On each output, the tag must be properly crimped, it must not dangle and move along the wire. Although there are no strict standards in this respect, of course. When determining the conclusions of the windings, regardless of the method you use, you must be extremely careful: connect to the network only through overcurrent protection devices, do not perform any connections and operations under voltage, be extremely careful and remember the general rules of electrical safety. The winding of the stator of the electric motor is somewhat more complicated than it was shown in Fig. 10-1. Rice. 10-4. Stator winding section. Rice. 10-5. Connection of two sections. Rice. 10-6. Section designation. Each phase of a three-phase winding consists of separate sections, similar to the armature sections of a DC machine (see Figure 4-9). On fig. 10-4 shows a section consisting of four turns, which will occupy two slots on the stator. The same four turns can be divided into two sections, as shown in Fig. 10-5. They are connected in series in order to e. d.s. sections were folded. All section wires are insulated together and in the future each section will be depicted as single-turn regardless of the number of its turns (Fig. 10-6). The active sides of the sections can be placed in the grooves in one layer (Fig. 10-1) or, more often, in two layers, as in the armature of a DC machine (Fig. 4-8, 4-10). Rice. 10-7. Development of a two-layer winding. We will show how the number of stator slots for a three-phase motor winding is calculated. If the number of poles of the machine is the number of phases, then from each phase, each pole must have a certain number of grooves, which are specified when calculating the machine. Then the total number of stator slots is equal to: Let it be specified that All number of slots If the winding is two-layer, then the number of sections is also 12. Such a winding is shown in fig. 10-7. Each phase has sections grouped into two coils located in the sphere of action of opposite poles, i.e., on two pole divisions m. The pole division is always equal to 180 ° el. The breakdown of the grooves into phases is as follows. Since it can be arbitrarily considered that on the first pole division, phase A belongs to grooves 1, 2. On the second pole division, phase A belongs to grooves Rice. 10-8. Stator of asynchronous motor without winding. Rice. 10-9. Steel sheet of the stator core. Rice. 10-10. Three-phase asynchronous squirrel-cage motor. 7, 8, since the teeth. Phase B is shifted in space by 120 ° or by, i.e., by a tooth, and occupies grooves 5, 6 and 11, 12. The marking is carried out along the upper layer of the active sides. Obviously, phase C is located in the remaining grooves - 8, 9 and 3, 4. In order for e. d.s. the phases were formed, the sections are connected into coils in series - the end of the first with the beginning of the second, and the pieces are opposite - the end of the first with the youngster, the second. (Fig. 10-7), for example: To connect the winding to a three-phase network, it is connected to a star or a triangle. The stator of an asynchronous electric motor without winding is shown in fig. 10-8. It has an external cast-iron, aluminum or steel body 1 with a core 2 pressed into it, assembled from stamped steel sheets (Fig. 10-9). The sheets are isolated from each other with a special varnish. For closed type motors, the outer ribbed surface of the stator is blown by a fan for better cooling. The assembled engine is shown in fig. 10-10. There are situations when the marking of the terminals of the stator winding of the electric motor is missing or broken, and for the correct connection of the asynchronous electric motor to the network, it is necessary to correctly determine the beginning of the stator winding and its end. Let's determine the belonging of the conclusions to the corresponding windings using a multimeter for this. Before starting the measurement, we switch the multimeter to 200 ohms and touch any of the six leads with one of the probes, and with the second probe we look for the end of this winding. When you find the conductor you are looking for, the reading on the multimeter display will change to something other than zero. In our case, this is 14.7 ohms. You have found the first stator winding of the electric motor. I propose to mark the conclusions with segments of cambric (or in any way convenient for you) marked U1 and U2. In a similar way, we find the remaining two windings. We mark the second winding with a cambric (or in any way convenient for you) V1 and V2, and the third W1 and W2, respectively. As a result, we found three windings and labeled their conclusions in random order. Now let's move on to the next step in which we will determine the beginning of the stator winding and its end, but first a little theory. In electrical engineering, two windings that are on the same core can be connected in coordination or in opposite directions. Thus, with a coordinated connection of two windings, an EMF (electromotive force) arises, which is made up of the sums of the EMF (electromotive force) of the first and second windings. That is, the process of electromagnetic induction arising in the first two windings will induce an EMF in the nearby winding, that is, voltage. If you connect two windings opposite, it turns out that the EMF of each of the windings will be directed at each other and its sum from these two opposite windings will be equal to zero. Therefore, in the adjacent winding, no electromotive force is induced or only a small value is induced. Now put all the above into practice
. The conclusions U1 and U2 of the first winding are connected to the conclusions V1 and V2 of the second winding, as shown below. Remember that the designations applied to the conclusions are rather conditional. Then we measure the voltage at the terminals of the winding W1 and W2, in the first case it turned out to be 0.15 Volts. The resulting voltage is very small, so we can conclude that the windings are connected in opposite directions. We turn off the voltage and change the conclusions V1 and V2 in places. After repeated measurement, 6.8 volts are obtained. So the windings are connected correctly, and their marking is correct (fig.1)
. If, when measuring voltage, you received 6.8 Volts, then the marking and connection of the windings is correct. After starting the electric motor, it is necessary to pay attention to the direction of rotation of the shaft and, if necessary, change the phases in places to change it. Materials close Household rotors are often used in various tools. They are direct and alternating current. Rewinding an electric motor at home in such devices is quite difficult. First, the units are disassembled with the folding of all bolts in a box. It is recommended to put a magnet on its bottom so that the bolts, studs and nuts are not lost. The DC rotors of screwdrivers, mixers and fans are collector and brushless. For the latest motors, the switching of the windings located on the stator occurs using the controller. Therefore, before rewinding, it is necessary to make sure that the keys and the controller itself are in good condition. AC electric motors are divided into: The failure of the rotors is most often due to a short circuit in the armature. Soldering the conductors from the contact group and checking them for a short circuit, they find a malfunction of the contacts or turns of the rotor. In the event of a short circuit of the latter, the breakdown is eliminated by replacing the wire. If there are few turns, and the rotor wire is thick and without damage, then they make it good insulation by placing a plate of cardboard or cloth moistened with insulating varnish.
In the event of a short circuit in the contact group, it must be repaired or replaced. You can cut a thin groove between the closed contacts and insert a textolite plate glued with epoxy glue. Sandpaper eliminates irregularities on the contact group. To rewind electric motors with your own hands, you must have at least a minimal understanding of how to connect motor windings. If rewinding is done for the first time, you need to study this issue well. You should also pay special attention to the polarity of the windings and the direction of movement of the turns. With some factory coils, the wire is first wound in one direction and then returned back. When disassembling, it is necessary to unwind 10 turns one by one, freeing the coil from insulation, and then accurately determine and record the direction of the turns in the winding. Before rewinding the motor stator, a template is made according to its size. The width is equal to the size between the grooves in which the coil will fit. To isolate the stator from the winding, plates of cardboard or special insulating material are inserted into the grooves. When laying the coil in the grooves, use a wooden or plastic spatula - a rammer. After winding one coil, the wire is not bitten off, the coil is placed in the grooves and continues to be wound onto the template . All coils of one phase are wound with a solid wire without biting it. First, all the turns of one of the phases are rewound, stacking them one by one. Coils for the remaining phases are wound and laid in the same way. The upper part of the winding in the stator slots above the turns is covered with plates of the same insulating material as in the stator slots themselves.
The number of turns in all coils must be precisely observed in order to avoid overheating of some windings. Special attention and care is necessary to avoid overlapping turns in the winding. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the wire is not tied into a coiled knot and is not with wiped insulation. All elements that extend beyond the body of the grooves are carefully tamped. The conclusions from the coils are filled into insulating tubes - cambric. They must not only be of a material with good insulation, but must be resistant to heating of the wire. In order to avoid melting, an insulation class no lower than previously used is required. Insulation temperature classes:
If everything works fine, then the mechanism is disassembled again to coat the stator windings with varnish. The stator is placed in varnish to impregnate the windings and fill voids. Then it is lifted, allowing the varnish to drain, and dried in the open air or in a special dryer. To speed up drying, an incandescent lamp with a power of 0.5-1 kW is used, inserted into the stator and connected to the network. After drying the engine, it is fully assembled, the insulation resistance is checked again. Do an idle check of the engine. It is better to use a step-down transformer and a circuit breaker (preferably an RCD) for this purpose. Only after checking can the motor be used at full voltage. The following tips from experts will help you to rewind correctly:
When carrying out all work, it is necessary to use serviceable tools, as well as obviously serviceable measuring instruments and testers. Particular attention should be paid to the serviceability of the protection of the batteries., the quality of the insulation and the humidity of the materials used during the repair. Compliance with safety regulations and the rules for using the tool is an indispensable condition for testing. It is better to invite a specialist with extensive experience with electric motors for this.
,Energy conversion
Field-oriented control of an asynchronous electric motor by a rotor position sensor According to the method of obtaining information about the position of the flux linkage of the rotor of the electric motor, the following are distinguished:
Field-oriented control of an asynchronous motor without a rotor position sensor Types of electric motors and features of their repair
Features of the repair of an asynchronous machine
Winding check
Features of the repair of collector drives
Winding data of electric motors
Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for rewinding an electric motor
The first stage - dismantling
Stage two - winding removal
Stator rewind (final phase)
Anchor rewind
According to GOST, the windings of an asynchronous motor have the following designations: Phase I - C1 (beginning), C4 (end), Phase II - C2 (beginning), C5 (end), Phase III - C3 (beginning), C6 (end).
Motor Connection Methods
Passport of the electric motor
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
The most important thing is that there is an opportunity to go and take and conduct such experiments to consolidate in the head, you need to do it with your hands!
The thing is, if we just connect U2-U1; V2-V1; W2-W1, then the motor will simply be energized and there will be no torque! So there is no electrical EMF shift of 120 degrees?
This is a question, not a statement. The course of my reasoning: with a coordinated inclusion, the current will flow through the windings, and with a counter-EMF, induced in the windings will mutually "eat" each other and the current will not flow.
I wonder if I'm right or not? And then I feel that somewhere before the "worm" is in my reasoning, but I can not understand where exactly.
P.S. ... and how many degrees -C should the heat-resistor be connected and where should it be effectively located, in relation to the engine?
And you don't need any more information.
the three-thousander has 2 of them
so say the rewinders.
3000 has 3 pairs of poles, and 1500 has six pairs of poles, and so on - with a decrease in revolutions, the number of pairs of poles increases.
But the question is, how to see and count them? Yesterday I looked at 3 stators and only in one I managed to see 12 clearly expressed windings. At the same time, I'm not sure if I counted them correctly.
but this is not the essence, but an occasion to reflect - suddenly it will dawn on someone
By the way, about the serial connection of 2 windings and a lamp:
you probably used AC voltage for power supply
Could this be the reason for the failed experiment?
I'm waiting for Dmitry to calculate compensation currents - over a 6 kV network?
You can include it in a 3-phase circuit, measure the current in the motor phase with clamps, and from here calculate the power:
The formula for calculating 1.73 (root of three) * I * 380 (W) - we get the power. There is still “cos φ”, but we take it as a unit, so we don’t take it into account in the formula, for an approximate definition it will do ...
I will add:
P \u003d 1.73 x 380 x I x cosf
cosf - 0.9-0.7, take an average value or look at the size of the engine. For powerful engines, cosf is closer to 0.9, for small engines it is closer to 0.7
As I see in the pictures, an engine of less than 5 kV with a power of less than 5 kV has an even simpler way to start the same way as you have a continuity of the windings and determine the ends to a certain winding. Then you connect with a star and turn on the voltage if the engine heats up and makes a noise. and makes noise you return to the place of the next one you change places .... a total of 3 attempts are possible, provided that if it fails, the windings will be returned to their place. REPEAT THIS IF THE ELECTRIC MOTOR IS 5 KV
In the camets there was a question how to change the rotations To change the rotation, it will be possible to precisely change the 2nd phase in places
(sorry for ignorance)
In the literature and in technology, the designations of the beginning and ends of the windings are designated as follows: C1, C2, C3; C4, C5, C6.C
Sincerely, Vasily.
Sincerely, Vasily.
Dmitriy
Dmitriy
Dmitriy
but I don’t understand why there are 2 power windings. but these are already trifles.
My personal opinion, I can be wrong, I have never seen such a generator. If you still want to do such an experiment, please unsubscribe, I'm wondering if this method works.
At least how much.
If Un -380, and new motors are tested for 1.3 Un (495V) 1 min or less depends on the ratio of In and I at 495V.
Therefore, 220V motor windings "withstand" at least 24 hours with any connection.
To look at the tester (or light bulb) oncoming or consonant connection of 2 windings, 2-3 seconds are enough.
I came across a two-speed engine manufactured in 1968 by AO 31-4-2T at 380v.
6 wires marked 2s1, 2s2, 2s3, 4s1, 4s2, 4s3 are brought into the box. Is it possible to connect it to a single-phase 220v network.
4c2
/ \
2s3 2s2
/ \
4s1- 2s1- 4s3
and the possibility of connecting a triangle and YY is indicated
03/18/2015 at 12:50
Yes, absolutely conditional.
03/20/2015 at 22:50
Could you add commas? And then you "execute cannot be pardoned" turns out. I am from Ukraine, I welcome people who do not know Russian. But the rules for placing commas in these languages are the same.
If I understand the question, I will try to answer, but so far I have not succeeded.
Although we have ealex special in such riddles. Maybe he'll figure it out.
If I suddenly understood correctly, turn off everything and give us data on the windings. It seems that there should be two, absolutely independent.
And something else, the capacitor you have is too large for a single-phase motor. Although again, we do not know the power.
06/09/2015 at 13:22
It may very well be that you don’t need to look for anything - there are already two windings connected in series 3 phases + 3 phases with a lead between them. Two star engine. The middle terminals are connected to a star for one speed, and the extreme ones are connected to a star for another speed. I have these on the cooling tower - 30 / 7.5 kW.
06/09/2015 at 23:50
In principle, everything converges with my version. The fact that "shortly" - this is the star. But two stars are used for continuous operation at any of the speeds. But that's the little things.
In fact, you need to find three branches with maximum ohmic resistance. These will be the desired (as in my circuit) windings.
Next, you need to exclude “average” conclusions from the search. Elimination method - in each found branch there will be a conditional beginning and a conditional end. The output that rings with the beginning and end of one branch will be the middle output that we do not need.
After such manipulations, we "get" a conventional motor with six leads.
And then, to find the real beginnings and ends, we act as described by the author of the topic.
Next, we determine the speeds (here we need the middle output that we “discarded” at the beginning) - the part of the winding responsible for the low speed will have a higher ohmic resistance than the part that is high-speed. multimeter will not help you. Measure only with a bridge.
Please do not take these arguments as an axiom, take them as a direction for reflection. I am not an experienced electrician - I describe my actions when manipulating my engines specifically, but they are German.
But I am a pass. I can’t understand where you managed to find 12 ends, but I believe that this is so.
maybe someone else can help you...
There are no sensors there. An ordinary old four-pole motor under a star, about 85 years old. A person most likely climbed into the windings, and there, if there are side cutters in his hands, you can find 112 ends.
and look carefully. each motor winding is shifted
in relation to another with the same step
07/26/2015 at 22:55
Once you saw the smoke, then you no longer need to find out the reasons. Into the trash.
genius method. Did you develop it yourself?
not that problems, but a strong discomfort from such a method. We have a hydraulic fitter. If the machine breaks down, he doesn’t think either, probably your friend))). He stupidly begins to change everything in a row. And in the end, the machine starts working. We laugh at him, but his method, like yours, is trouble-free)). if you suffer for a long time, something will work out))
Can i? If you fill in somewhere, or at least give a name for the search engine, I will be grateful.
In my method, everything does not change in a row - only the location of the ends of the windings changes. I personally have been using this method for more than twenty years - no problems, discomfort, etc. At least not worse than sticking an untested engine into the network and observing the smell and smoke from it (see comments above).
I criticized in vain. I thought about it - disconnecting the windings according to your method is probably even faster and more convenient than using the method described on the topic. And less "smut" with appliances.
surfactant:
Then do not strain with scanning - I am purely for curiosity. Old books are very intelligible and simply explain everything.
Dmitry, sometimes it becomes necessary to determine the number of engine revolutions with a lost nameplate. Would you like to create a topic about this? I don't know your location, the link is not available outside of Ukraine. If anything, the title of the topic (for the search engine) is "Disks for determining the speed of rotation of an induction motor."
Thanks for the feedback!
The problem with determining the speed of rotation of the motor shaft is really relevant. I will also look forward to articles on this topic.
If there is no normal tachometer, and often necessary, I would adapt an automobile speed sensor with a Hall sensor and a tester frequency counter, there are many Chinese ones. DS is available at 4.6, 10 imp. per turnover, import and other values. The only thing is to power it from any unit, even a charger with a voltage of 5 ... 12 volts.
Admin, what's with the disks? If possible in more detail.
Thank you!
I gave a link, but the admin removed it for some reason, his right.
Either wait for his topic, or, if urgent, type in Google “Disks for determining the speed of rotation of an asynchronous motor” and the first result will be shown on my page in the EX.UA file hosting.
There, the meaning is primitive - print a disk template on a printer, tape it to the end of the engine shaft, and turn on the engine. It is only important to illuminate the end of the shaft with a fluorescent lamp. If the rotations indicated in the template match the actual rotations, you will see a pattern on the rotating template. If they don't match, you won't see anything. Stroboscopic effect, as when shooting a helicopter propeller on TV - the helicopter flies, but the propeller does not move.
Alexandru: I went to your page, downloaded and printed some CDs. I'll experiment just in case. Thank you!
I am very interested in a question that does not give me peace of mind. There is an engine, approximately 2.2 sq. The tag is missing. I have been tormenting him for several days, with the connection. Why, when connected with a star and starting from a 100 microfarad conduit, it works fine, quietly, and absolutely does not heat up. But how do I connect it with a triangle (if I don’t confuse it with wires) with the same launch from a 100 microfarad conduit, does it HEAT in 5-10 minutes? Of course, I immediately remove this conder from the circuit, that is, only for launch. I need the engine itself like emery. The load will be minimal. So why connect with a triangle if it works quietly from a star?
very valid question! there really is no need to connect a triangle. work on a star. Engines are initially made under a star or a delta. don't mess with the tech.
In this case, there are two options for switching on, the current and torque are different. With such defective / defective circuits, the capacitor first of all determines the direction of rotation of the rotor, then the rest. There will be no capacitor - the rotor has one fig where to turn.
(c) Oh, stop it! If INITIALLY, then there would be either THREE or FOUR wires / outputs !!! And that's six."
You are wrong (IMHO). Sometimes the engine starts on a star, but works on a triangle. If you stupidly attach it to a star, it will warm up.
But you talked about the ORIGINAL, and you continue about something completely different.
So, sometimes the nameplate of the engine indicates: star-660 Volts, triangle-380 volts. And if you include it in a star, but apply 380, then it will warm up. Checked multiple times.
Sometimes six-ended motors come from the factory assembled in a triangle. We foolishly first switched them to a star, and they warmed up. In this case, I'm talking about low-power -1.5kW.
Question: I am going to run this engine at 220 V, and sell this engine in the future, which is more expedient: rewind the third winding or sell it to the same buyers as is?
Question: if you mix up the conditional beginnings and ends of the working and starting windings, there will be nothing terrible, the rotor will simply rotate in the other direction? Will there be problems with the fields, like with a wrong connection in a three-phase motor?
After starting such an engine according to the scheme with a working capacitor on the starting winding, is the circuit with this capacitor and the winding itself completely disconnected, or is only the capacitor disconnected?
There are 5 capacitors MBGCH 250 V, 10 uF, will they go to start such an engine or not? If not, is it possible to assemble a higher voltage battery from them and how exactly, or is it better to buy one for 450 V and about 50 microfarads?
I don’t know the type of engine itself, maybe it will work fine and without capacitors, but still I would like to know.
Rather, it makes sense to open the covers and view the terminal wires up to the windings. Judging by the resistance, the winding sat on the case at the very end, most likely the insulation was wiped off directly on the outgoing wire.
For the second engine:
a) if you confuse the ends, only reverse will occur, everything is in order.
b) according to the scheme with a working capacitor, the auxiliary winding is constantly connected through the capacitor. It doesn't need to be turned off.
Here is the topic
c) From 4 capacitors MBGCH-250 V at 10 microfarads, you can assemble a battery of 20 microfarads at 500v. The fifth capacitor is out of place. Therefore, if you need exactly 50 microfarads, then just buy. I just don't know how much capacity is needed for this engine. By the active resistance of the windings, this cannot be determined.
We need a selection by typing in the direction of increasing the capacity.
03/11/2016 at 12:13
Or smear it with silicone? Or which is better?
With parallel, it is clear that the capacitance is summed up, the voltage does not change, but what about in series? The capacitance does not change, but the voltage does not seem to grow, or is it somehow wrong?
03/12/2016 at 23:10
1. Must not melt. But suddenly something happens black rag tape, or put preshpan, or varnished cloth, or asbestos. At worst, hammer a wooden wedge.
2. Yes, that's how you connect.
And according to the final value of capacitors, I advised you garbage last time
The formula for calculating the capacitance of two series capacitors is C \u003d C1 * C2 / C1 + C2, that is, 10 * 10 \u003d 100. Further under the fraction 10+10=20. We divide 100/20 \u003d 5 microfarads.
We have two batteries of two series capacitors with a total capacity of 5 microfarads with a voltage of 500V
Next, we connect these batteries in parallel and get 10 microfarads per 500V.
10 microfarads at 500 volts
Perhaps it’s better to buy a couple of capacitors of a higher voltage and high capacitance, otherwise if I need somewhere around 30-50 microfarads in total, then I will have to collect a lot of such batteries ...
I can’t even imagine how many of them will be needed there, I turned on this single-phase today directly without conduits, the lights almost went out, the engine made a few turns and then the wire from the power button to the motor burned out, I had to stop.
And I dismantled the three-phase, everything seems to be normal there, the turns are intact, there is nothing to shorten the body ...
You need to look not at the turns themselves, but at the twist where the turns connect to the lead wire. On this twist, the cambric is dressed.
yes, 400V is quite enough, but 350 is already risky. The motor is still an inductance with a sufficiently large number of turns. When disconnected, there is a risk of breakdown by reverse voltage, it is much higher than the working one.
For example, there is such a thing: 100uF 250VAC (DUCATI 4.12.80.3.410)
Brand: DUCATI
Starting film capacitor for motors 100uF; 250V; ±10%
The material is a good thing, BUT this is how it determines the amount of voltage that will be written on board the capacitor.
10-20% spread is normal, and then it concerns the capacitance, not the breakdown voltage.
“There are industrial devices where the shift capacitor has 315 volts, and nothing”
I have not met, but I believe that they are. However, I am sure they do not stand in serious inductances.
For example, I (at work) had only 200 volt conduits in the induction furnace, with an operating voltage of 130 volts. The current there was in kiloamperes.
But in the furnace there are only 20 turns of the winding, and there will be no reverse breakdown voltage. And try to put a conduit with such a primitive margin, for example, on a compensator for DRL lamps. Shoot for sure.
6 pins, box broken. I assume that all 6 windings are in a ring. How to check? I want to connect to a chastotnik with a power of 0.55. Which scheme is better to choose for the best torque at low speeds, I want to overclock to 4000 rpm. Are there frequency limits?
Thanks for your work.
I have a three-phase AOM 11-2, one of the windings called to the case, dismantled the motor - it seems like everything is whole, nothing rings on the stator case with a multimeter. I stick an indicator screwdriver into the wire and start to drive my fingers outside the wiring to search for penetration - it doesn’t work, the screwdriver is constantly glowing with a dim light. How to check where the insulation is damaged?
If after disassembly nothing rings, then you need to collect and call in stages. When installing which part, it will again begin to give the body - that part to the winding and leans.
Already three, you forgot about boron))
It is also possible to include in series with the working contacts and thermal protection.
Maybe a star, depending on what. If it’s for a grinder, it’s fine, if something powerful, it’s unlikely, it’s hard to say without knowing the power.
Try to measure the resistance.
08/11/2016 at 20:37
Alexander, I propose to read a bunch of material in the topic "reverse single-phase motor"
To what network?
THERE IS NOTHING else. WINDINGS MEASURED: 1-35.6 ohm; 2-38 ohm; 3-35 ohm. Based on all the explanations on the site, I understand (maybe NOT CORRECT) that the resistance of one winding
differs from others by approx. 7-8 percent (instead of 2) and is it still NOT big
resistance? question: what could be the reasons (such a difference and such resistance) and is it possible to do something or throw it away7! Thank you. And the site is from-
personal, BIG THANKS TO ADMIN and others for their patience and explanations!
L-250; d-14; h-90 and there is NO box (ONLY CONCLUSIONS), OUTER DIAMETER-150; BED DIMENSIONS (Twisted) -165 by 150. Question: what kind of movement? And about the resistance windings:
35.6; 38; 35th
Sorry. Thank you.
The second motor is 1.3kw/380V. Connected in the same way as on the first engine. Both with the opposite and with the coordinated connection of the windings, the measurement results gave a voltage close to zero. Can you explain where the dog is buried?
I have been using this method for a long time, it is very simple. Thanks for the article, it was interesting to read. I really like how the author thoroughly explains everything, we were not taught TOE at the institute like the author in his articles)
The method described in the article is applicable for finding the beginning / end of high power EM windings, for example, 250 kW? Thank you.
Very good site, lots of useful information.
While waiting for an answer, I managed to test the theory with practice. I did not manage to use this method on a 250 kW engine. Low winding resistance leads to short circuit. I used the “reverse” method, we supply 12 (or so) Volts to one of the windings, we measure the voltage on the other two, if the windings are connected in a consistent manner, then the voltmeter will show something (several Volts).
Other motors have 9 terminals, 6 windings, the ends of three are connected inside the motor, there are also motors with 12 terminals, i.e. 6 windings - what to do in these cases?
Thank you.
Does the European frequency coincide with the Canadian one?
The electricians are right - they don’t fool their heads with this.
Found on a Canadian site using your method, one Canadian suggested the idea of using an analog multimeter (by the way, the multimeter sounds correct in English). He swapped the test wires on the multimeter (I don’t understand why, I’m not an electrician), applied power from a 9 volt battery and looked in which direction the arrow deviated, determining the ends and beginnings of the windings, although the digital one also seems to have a plus and a minus when measure DC voltage. Thank you.
1- are the capacitors there full-time or self-made / self-propelled? Why are you asking? Because you can find the AOLB motor circuit and there is simply no place to turn it on, and there is no need if there is a starting winding.
2- usually the working winding is wound with a thicker wire and has less resistance than the starting or starting-shifting.
3- you don’t need to look for the beginnings and ends - on the working one - arbitrarily, and the direction of launch and rotation will be determined by the launcher, see the diagram for AOLB.
4- are there 6 winding leads or just 6 studs?
Any of the windings can conditionally be considered the first, second, or third. Therefore, having found out that the beginning of one and the end of the other are connected at a common point, we randomly hang tags on these two outputs in accordance with GOST: C1 and C5.
We connect the terminals of the windings U2 and V1 to each other, and apply a voltage of 220 volts to the terminals U1 and V2.
In a similar way, we look for the beginning and end of the winding with terminals W1 and W2, all connections are made according to the diagram below (fig.2)
.Fault definition
To determine the malfunction of the rotor windings, a special induction device is used. You can install a breakdown of the windings of an asynchronous motor using a tester or an ohmmeter. Sometimes specialized electronic devices are used to detect short-circuited turns.
Process features
Work with the stator
First, they draw up a diagram of the location and connection of the motor windings. If the motor is three-phase, then carefully draw up a coil circuit for each phase. They are usually wound with one wire. Only after a good study and correct drawing up of the winding connection diagram, one can proceed with their disassembly and removal. It is better to mark the windings with different paint and take a picture. You also need to check whether you can figure it out from photographs and diagrams.
After winding and laying the coils of one of the phases, it is imperative that they are tied and the coils are formed into even bundles, trying to ensure that the turns are in the same bundle and do not touch the stator housing. If the coil is too big and touches the body, then a cut cambric is put on it, after which it is tied. Touching the wires of the housing outside the insulation is unacceptable, since vibration from the electromagnetic field can wipe the varnish, as a result of which the coil will close to the housing. After installation, check the resistance with an ohmmeter.
Checking and assembly
Next, they assemble the engine, having made the main bolts for “ringing” and checking the currents of each phase. With the help of current clamps, the currents of the windings of each of the phases are checked through the load and the circuit breaker. They must be the same. Then the engine is assembled by tightening all the bolts and checking it for proper rotation and idling.
