Ureaplasmosis is defined as an infectious and inflammatory disease of the genitourinary system, which is transmitted mainly through sexual contact and is caused by a microorganism Ureaplasma urealyticum or Ureaplasma parvum.
In humans, these bacteria primarily affect the urethra in men and the vagina in women. Ureaplasmosis as a separate disease is rare, more often found in association with and. Therefore, with symptoms characteristic of urogenital infections (mucous or purulent or), simultaneously with tests for ureaplasmosis, diagnostics for mycoplasmosis and chlamydia are always carried out.
Ureaplasmosis is isolated as a separate disease only if an inflammation pattern develops and the tests are positive only for ureaplasma (u.urealyticum or u.parvum).
Until now, there has not been a consensus in medicine regarding ureaplasmas. Some consider them pathogenic (pathogenic), others are confident in their complete harmlessness and classify them as normal microflora of the human body. The ways of transmission of ureaplasmosis also raise questions: almost 30% of girls who do not live sexually have ureaplasmas, and the household route of transmission has not been reliably proven. The carriage is also doubtful - in men, ureaplasmas may not be detected at all, however, in women after sexual contact with absolutely healthy men, for some reason, these bacteria were found.
As a result, modern medicine nevertheless formulated its attitude towards ureaplasmas. The “middle way” of selecting criteria has prevailed, according to which the diagnosis and treatment of various cases of ureaplasmosis is carried out.
- Ureaplasmas are opportunistic pathogens. present in the normal microflora of the vagina in women (more than 60%) and the urethra in men (about 50%). In the majority, they do not manifest themselves in any way, do not give symptoms of inflammation, and therefore, even in the case of a positive diagnosis, such people do not need any treatment.
- Detection of ureaplasma during pregnancy does not give rise to panic: the very fact of their presence does not threaten complications or miscarriage and does not harm the health of the baby. All complications are possible only with the development of inflammation associated with the reproduction of ureaplasmas and other pathogenic bacteria. A decrease in immune defense is the main factor provoking the onset of the disease, and maximum attention should be paid to general condition health of expectant mothers.
- Almost always, ureaplasmas are found together with mycoplasmas and chlamydia. Therefore, the treatment is carried out with drugs to which all these microorganisms are sensitive. Usually a combination of various antibiotics is required, the scheme is always supplemented with immunomodulators and probiotics, vitamins and diet.
Ways of transmission and causes of development of ureaplasmosis
It has been proven that infection with ureaplasma occurs mainly through sexual contact, and a child can get an infection from the mother during pregnancy or during childbirth. Household (through objects, underwear) transmission routes are unlikely and practically not proven. Gateway of infection usually become the vagina and urethra, less often infection occurs orally or anally. Further spread ureaplasma is possible only with their active reproduction in a weakened body. Incubation period lasts 1-3 weeks after sexual contact.
The causes of the manifestation of ureaplasmosis are considered a number of factors in which a decrease in the immune status of a given person is possible. The combination of several of them increases the likelihood of the transition of ureaplasmas from opportunistic to the category of pathogenic microorganisms.
Age period 14-29 years is considered the most active, including in relation to sexual life. Hormonal levels and social freedom, confidence in one's health or no thought at all about its vulnerability predispose to the spread of sexually transmitted infections.
During pregnancy occurring under conditions of physiological or moral stress, it is possible to exacerbate dormant infections that have never manifested themselves before. Poor nutrition, work to wear, high study loads, uncertainty about the future - all affect pregnancy and its outcome.
Concomitant sexually transmitted diseases caused by gonococci, chlamydia and mycoplasmas; simple viruses, papilloma or human immunodeficiency (and HIV) always contribute to the emergence and development of ureaplasmosis.
The immune system, weakened by prolonged stress or any chronic diseases, is not able to resist the reproduction of ureaplasmas. The result is the spread of infection and inflammation of the organs that make up the urogenital tract.
Weakening of the body after operations, hypothermia, a course of radioactive exposure in the treatment of cancerous tumors or due to deteriorating living conditions, it also contributes to the development of symptoms of ureaplasmosis.
The growth of opportunistic microorganisms is favored by uncontrolled treatment with antibiotics and hormonal agents, leading to dysbacteriosis- violation of the balance of microflora inside the human body.
Symptoms of ureaplasmosis in women
Primary signs of the disease associated with damage to the vagina and cervical canal, then the infection is introduced into the urethra. Symptoms develop and small mucous discharges appear from the cervix and vagina. At urethritis a woman complains of a burning sensation in the urethra during urination, and the urge to urinate also becomes more frequent. After a few days, if the immune system is in order and there is no dysbacteriosis, the symptoms may disappear altogether and never appear again. When the body is weakened, the spread of ureaplasmas will follow the principle of ascending infection, capturing the internal genital organs, bladder and kidneys.
Chronic ureaplasmosis can lead to cervical erosion, and subsequently to epithelial cancer, which quickly metastasizes. At first, a woman is concerned about small mucous secretions, then bleeding during menstruation joins - a sign of the infection moving to the endometrium. On examination, a bright red mucosal defect with jagged edges is visible. On ultrasound, a thickening of the endometrium is determined.
- Screening: pregnant; women under 25; having multiple sexual partners with unprotected intercourse.
- Diseases: inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs in men and women; urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis; asymmetrical arthritis; conjunctivitis; inflammation of the testicles and appendages; infertility.
- Infection control before medical procedures: before abortion, artificial insemination, the introduction of intrauterine contraceptives; before examining the patency of the fallopian tubes.
- To identify infected people and people from the circle of sexual contacts.
Material for analysis is taken from men - from the urethra, from women - from the cervix, vagina and urethra.
Remains preferable, despite the duration of its execution. First, the material from the patient is sown on an artificial nutrient medium, then isolated from the grown colonies of the pathogen and determined using tests. The identification of ureaplasmas is based on their specific enzymatic activity: ureaplasma is able to break down urea. Re-seeding is carried out to determine the sensitivity to antibiotics. The results are obtained in a week or 10 days, the final diagnosis is made and adequate treatment is prescribed.
(polymerase chain reaction) helps to identify bacterial DNA specific to a given type of microorganism. The method is 100% accurate if it is performed correctly and does not require other confirmation of the diagnosis.
Ureaplasma can persist throughout life, so their definition for diagnosis does not make sense: it is impossible to distinguish between “fresh” and “old” traces of infection.
Treatment
Treatment of ureaplasmosis Necessarily at the risk of complications during pregnancy, which are confirmed by objective examinations; with male and female infertility if other causes, except for ureaplasmosis, are not established. Ureaplasmosis is also treated if there are symptoms of inflammation of the urinary organs and tests confirm this fact. Before planned medical interventions (surgeries, invasive diagnostic methods) to prevent the spread of ureaplzm outside the infected area, short courses of antibiotics are used.
Fundamentally, the treatment of ureaplasmosis does not differ from the treatment of other STDs.
Tetracycline antibiotics ( doxycycline, unidox) are absolutely contraindicated during pregnancy. The modern treatment regimen puts them in the category of reserve ones also due to the appearance of ureaplasma resistance to these drugs in about 10% of cases.
Group fluoroquinolones(all drug names end in "-oxacin") in action is close to antibiotics, but has no natural analogues. Drugs used to treat co-infections ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin. The peculiarity of drugs in this group is contraindicated in children under 15 years of age and pregnant women; increase sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation and can cause skin burns, so it is not recommended to sunbathe and be treated with fluoroquinolones at the same time.
General treatment combined with local, for men, these are instillations of drugs into the urethra (solutions of protargol or collargol) and baths with antiseptics. Women are prescribed vaginal or rectal suppositories. Candles "Genferon" have an antibacterial and antiviral effect, anesthetize and restore tissues, activate the immune system. Use twice a day, a course of 10 days. suppositories "Hexicon" x 1/day will help cure uncomplicated ureaplasmosis in a 7-day course. It is allowed to use them during pregnancy and lactation.
At chronic disease using immunomodulators - methyluracil, cycloferon, thymalin And t-activin in order to activate the immune system and get first a controlled exacerbation, and then a stable improvement. Rehabilitation therapy: drugs with lacto- and bifidobacteria after a course of antibiotics; antifungals ( fluconazole); vitamin and mineral complexes. Complete nutrition with the exception of hot spices, alcohol and fried foods, with salt restriction. Sexual contacts are excluded for the entire period of treatment.
Folk remedies
The main tasks are to strengthen the body, reduce the effects of inflammation. For these purposes, locally used herbal antiseptics (sage, chamomile, calendula) in the form of douches or baths. Prepare infusions at the rate of 1 tbsp. a spoon (without a slide) of dry grass or flowers per 200 ml of boiling water, exposure 1 hour; then the infusion is filtered through 3-5 layers of gauze. You can add a decoction of oak bark, prepared in the same proportion. Infusions are not prepared for the future, each time you need to take care of a fresh portion. The course will require 7-10 procedures.
Drinks from herbs or berries will help reduce inflammation, avoid complications of ureaplasmosis on the kidneys and joints. Tea from lingonberry leaf and St. John's wort, a decoction of lingonberry berries and raspberry leaves work perfectly. However, it is worth remembering that diuretic the effect which these remedies exert may do a disservice during antibiotic treatment. Medicines will be more quickly excreted from the body, and their concentration will decrease below the therapeutic level. That's why All folk remedies such actions are acceptable only after the end of the main course of treatment.
Video: expert opinion on ureaplasmosis
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Ureaplasmosis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by microorganisms called ureaplasmas.
Ureaplasma is the smallest bacteria that live on the mucous membranes of the human genital organs. It must be said right away that ureaplasmas are conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. They can cause a number of diseases, but at the same time they are often detected in healthy people. Ureaplasma, like other sexually transmitted infections, is widespread.
In most cases, ureaplasma, while in the body, does not cause disease. If the disease does develop, it can manifest itself as:
- inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages;
- cystitis;
- spontaneous abortions and premature births;
- urethritis in men.
To detect ureaplasmas, culture and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) are used.
In people who are sexually active, the prevalence of ureaplasmas increases, which is associated with infection during sexual contact. Carriers are about half of women, in men they are less common. Household infection is unlikely.
Symptoms of ureaplasmosis
The incubation period of the disease (from the moment of infection to the onset of symptoms) ranges from several days to a month, sometimes longer (several months). In a period when the symptoms of the disease have not yet manifested themselves, and there is already an infection in the body, the person himself is a carrier of ureaplasmas and can infect sexual partners with them.
Very often the disease has hidden symptoms, sometimes the disease does not manifest itself at all. In women, the asymptomatic course of the disease is more common than in men, so they can live with ureaplasmosis for decades and not even suspect that they are its carriers.
In men, ureaplasmosis is manifested by slight transparent discharge from the urethra (urethra), burning and pain during urination. If ureaplasmas affect the prostate parenchyma, then symptoms of prostatitis occur.
In women, ureaplasmosis is characterized by clear discharge from the genital tract, but if ureaplasma caused inflammation of the uterus and appendages (ovaries, fallopian tubes), pain occurs in the lower abdomen. With oral sexual contact at the site of penetration of the pathogen, a sore throat may appear: there is a sore throat, purulent raids on the tonsils (follicular, lacunar forms of angina).
The first symptomatology of ureaplasmosis is most often mild and passes quickly. But the ureaplasmas themselves remain in the body, they attach to the walls of the urinary organs, and are waiting to show their symptoms in full force. In case of weakened immunity (severe hypothermia of the body, heavy physical exertion, stress, diseases), ureaplasmas begin to become more active, the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in full.
In men, as a rule, prostatitis or urethritis begins, the inflammatory process spreads to the testicles, seminal vesicles, causing a whole "bouquet" of diseases, the outcome of which is infertility.
In women, ureaplasmosis provokes inflammation of the vagina (colpitis), uterine wall (endometritis), bladder (cystitis), inflammation of the kidney parenchyma (pyelonephritis). It is also possible the appearance of sexual disorders - there are unpleasant and painful sensations during intercourse.
Treatment of ureaplasmosis
General principles
Treatment of ureaplasmosis is mandatory for all existing partners (consisting of sexual intercourse). For this, antibacterial drugs are used, the course of treatment with antibiotics is 2 weeks. Immunomodulating therapy is also prescribed (drugs that stimulate the immune system), local treatment (introduction into the urethra medicines- installations), physiotherapeutic treatment, if prostatitis occurs - a man is prescribed a prostate massage.
Throughout the treatment, the patient must refrain from sexual intercourse, adhere to the recommended diet. After treatment, a control study is carried out to establish the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. Control is done for several months (usually 3 - 4).
Antibacterial therapy
Antibacterial drugs are selected taking into account the sensitivity of microorganisms to them. Ureaplasmas are sensitive to antibiotics: macrolides (oleandomycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin), tetracyclines, lincosamines (dalacin, ncomycin, clindamycin), antiprotozoal and antifungal drugs and drugs.
Tetracyclines: doxycycline and tetracycline
If ureaplasmosis is uncomplicated (urethritis, cervicitis, asymptomatic carriage), tetracycline is prescribed 500 mg four times a day for one to two weeks. Doxycycline is preferred as it is given at 100 mg twice daily.
macrolides
Erythromycin is often prescribed in the treatment of ureaplasmosis, it is much more active than sumamed, but it is slightly more difficult to tolerate (this is due to dyspeptic disorders). Erythromycin is prescribed 500 mg twice a day for 10 days or 250 mg four times a day for 7 days.
Rovamycin (spiromycin) is prescribed 3 million units three times a day for 10 days, this antibiotic tends to accumulate in the focus of inflammation and is quite safe.
Roxithromycin (rulid) is prescribed 150 mg twice a day for two weeks.
Clarithromycin is very active against ureaplasmas, it is prescribed 250 mg twice a day for two weeks. If the disease has a protracted course, the drug is prescribed intravenously at 500 mg / day, diluting it first with saline, with a gradual transition to oral administration.
Macropen is usually prescribed 400 mg three times a day for two weeks.
Immunomodulators, vitamin therapy
Also, the patient is prescribed immunomodulators (thymalin, taquitin, lysozyme, decaris, methyluracil). Eleutherococcus extract and pantocrine can be used as an immunomodulator. At the end of the course of treatment, the patient is prescribed vitamins B and C, bifidum- and lactobacterin, hepatoprotectors (stimulation of liver and gallbladder function).
Diet
The diet for ureaplasmosis should be fortified, contain lactic acid products, you can not eat spicy, fatty, fried, salty, smoked foods, ketchup and alcohol.
Even if ureaplasmas are detected in the patient's body, he does not necessarily need treatment. Ureaplasmosis can bring the most negative consequences for both the pregnant woman and the fetus, so the treatment of ureaplasma is an absolute necessity, and this must be done before pregnancy.
The main treatment is with antibiotics. Here it is important to take into account the degree of sensitivity of ureaplasma to the antibiotic, because this sensitivity can vary significantly in different patients. Before starting treatment, it is imperative to conduct an analysis that will help determine which antibiotic will be effective in a particular case.
One more thing: if the patient has already been treated for ureaplasmosis, but the course has not been completed completely, and the infection has resumed, then medicines, which were used last time, will now turn out to be useless: ureaplasmas have adapted to it.
This is another confirmation that self-treatment of ureaplasma is completely unacceptable. Only a qualified specialist, after all the required tests, can prescribe proper treatment. This statement is also true for all other sexually transmitted infections.
However, the treatment of ureaplasmosis is not limited to antibiotics, doctors prescribe immunomodulatory drugs, the purpose of which is to restore and strengthen the patient's immune system.
While the treatment lasts, you should refrain from sexual activity, give up alcoholic beverages, and also do not eat spicy, spicy, fried, salty foods.
After the course is completed, it is necessary to control the cure. The doctor usually uses the PCR method (2-3 weeks after the end of treatment) or the bacteriological seeding method (one week later).
In our medical center you can go through everything necessary research, take tests, undergo a course of treatment for both ureaplasmosis and other sexually transmitted diseases and genital infections.
If only one partner is treated, re-infection can easily occur.
There is a fairly long and weighty list of unpleasant things that can significantly affect health, worsen its condition, or leave its unpleasant mark for life. One of these unexpected companions of a person becomes an infection with ureaplasma (Ureaplasma). They are the smallest free-living bacteria belonging to the Mycoplasmataceae family. That is why their second name, mycoplasma, is so common. They, unlike other organisms, do not have a cell wall, they lack DNA and they live inside other cells. However, they have also adapted to live outside cells, as many viruses live, causing the disease ureaplasmosis. Unlike viruses, they lose their power from antibiotics. Their distinguishing feature in that they are able to hydrolyze urea.
Today, medicine considers ureaplasmosis a fairly common disease. The above-mentioned small microorganisms can become its source. Approximately 17 species of these bacteria are most commonly found in humans in the respiratory or urinary tract, but only 3 of them can cause serious danger. They differ in the composition of the protein in the membrane. The rest do no harm by their presence. Their presence is not detected by any symptoms and they do not cause abnormalities in the body. For this quality, even in virology, some experts classify these small organisms as opportunistic viruses. Among the adult sexually active population, almost 70% of both men and women know what genital ureaplasmosis or other STIs are caused by these bacteria. The likelihood of developing the disease is much higher in those who choose unprotected sex or have collected a large number of sexual partners in their collection. A great danger is the infection of ureaplasma urealyticum in combination with other viruses. If it occurs together with HIV or chlamydia, treatment should be started immediately. When immunity is weakened, the disease ureaplasmosis also manifests itself much brighter.
Types of ureaplasmosis
Ureaplasma are eubacteria that belong to the class Mollicutes. They were discovered in 1954. This was the reason to single out a group of microorganisms unique in their structure. They turned out to be Ureaplasma urealyticum, which for a long time was considered the only type of these microorganisms that can live asymptomatically in the genitourinary system. 1979 brought new discoveries when the diversity of this microorganism was documented. Now it includes 4 orders, 5 families, 8 genera and more than 300 species of bacteria found in humans, animals, plants, and arthropods. The most common in humans are 3 types of ureaplasma genitalium:
Almost every adult in the body can be found Various types. In women, it can be found in the normal flora and does not cause any concern while in the reproductive tract. But with inflammation of the genital organs, women with this infection will have problems that can result in infertility.
Causes of ureaplasmosis
Although in medicine ureaplasma and ureaplasmosis do not cause alarm until a certain point, no one expects their appearance and shudders with apprehension when they hear these words after passing the tests. The reason can be quite banal - the frequent change of sexual partners. It would seem that such a basis cannot cause disease if both partners are not infected. It turns out that with ureaplasma genitalia everything happens in a completely different way. The change of partners leads to changes in the bioflora on the mucous membrane of the genital organs.
In adolescents, the cause of genital ureaplasmosis is the unpreparedness of the body for sexual activity and the absence of protective “bodies” on the membranes of the genital organs that could resist foreign microflora.
In exceptional cases, there may be other causes of the manifestation of the disease ureaplasma:
- Decreased immunity
- Concomitant infectious diseases that are treated with antibiotics and affect the reduction of microflora.
- Non-observance of hygiene by persons of any sex.
The main signs and symptoms of ureaplasmosis
In most cases, there are no signs or pronounced symptoms at all, so most people do not suspect for several months, or even years, that they are already infected and are dangerous carriers of the disease. The asymptomatic course of the disease ureaplasmosis is more often characteristic of infected women. Some doctors believe that normally it has an indicator<10*4 КОЕ/мл. Если число в результате анализа получено более высокое, только тогда необходимо начинать лечение.
During the incubation period, each patient can already become a carrier of the disease and reward his partner with microorganisms. For this reason, doctors suggest regularly undergoing examinations at least once a year and taking tests to make sure that the body is free from infection. Most often, genital ureaplasmosis is detected during the treatment and diagnosis of a completely different disease.
And yet, here are the most common symptoms and signs of ureaplasmosis in patients:
- Frequent urination, which is accompanied by palpable pain in the lower abdomen, burning sensation when urinating.
- Bleeding into the urethra and unusual discharge including blood clots.
- Constant dull pain in the genital area during and after intercourse.
- Inflammation of the pharynx and swelling of the throat, resembling a sore throat.
Often people find themselves with other STDs and ureaplasma at the same time. For many, it accompanies urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), epididymitis (inflammation of the testicles), or chorioamnionitis (slight redness and inflammation around the genitals, purulent discharge, and painful urination).
Methods and routes of transmission of ureaplasmosis
Ureaplasma (ureaplasma) enters the human body through various sources, and most often an infected patient does not even suspect its presence in his own body for a long time. Ureaplasma urealyticum can be obtained in various ways and ways, but the most common is directly sexual contact between spouses or persons who are in sexual contact. This is normal genital intercourse without the protection of a condom or oral sex. A reliable means of protection against the disease is a condom.
Infected mothers can pass ureaplasma to their own child vertically from a pregnant woman to their offspring. Placental infections ureaplasmosis in pregnant women lead to the birth of premature babies. In such cases, babies may be born earlier and diagnosed with pneumonia or meningitis. Infants may have sepsis (the presence of bacteria in the blood). In low birth weight newborns, it can also affect the airways. In the future, these children will not receive normal development due to the presence of numerous intrauterine pathologies acquired at the beginning of their lives.
In the presence of ureaplasma in the amniotic fluid, infection of the embryo can occur through the eyes or skin. During birth, when the fetus passes through the birth canal, the baby can also become infected with this virus.
It is very rarely transmitted within the walls of medical institutions through transplanted tissues.
Ureaplasma in men
The disease ureaplasmosis in men also occurs, but much less frequently than in women. Ureaplasma in men causes urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, urinary stones and pyelonephritis. The presence in the body of small microorganisms of this group causes a low concentration of spermatozoa in the semen. Scientists have found that these small microorganisms can attach themselves to spermatozoa. which affects their mobility.
Studies show that the presence of this virus in the semen of a man can lead to a decrease in the pregnancy rate in women who have contact with this person.
Ureaplasmosis in women
In women, the presence of ureaplasma symptoms may be different in each case. Some of the most common symptoms associated with this bacterium in women include infertility, miscarriage, miscarriage, pelvic pain before the menstrual period, spotting between menstrual cycles, and intrauterine infection with ureaplasmosis. Other less common symptoms also associated with this bacterium include chronic sore throats, gallstones, red, painful, stinging eyes, kidney stones, constant fatigue, blindness when looking at light, frequent headaches, and confusion in mental operations. Infections associated with ureaplasma are contagious and easily get into another organism if the patient coughs in the presence of healthy people or his discharge accidentally touches another person. The recipient becomes infected.
Ureaplasma in children
I so want to protect children from STIs, but sometimes ureaplasma overtakes them too. Most often, the disease ureaplasmosis in children is detected immediately after birth, if they were infected by a pregnant mother. Signs of such a disease are the underweight of the newborn. Accurate diagnosis is necessary to quickly treat an infant. Effective in this case, a laboratory study of the mother's placenta. The sample is cultured to determine bacteria. An ELISA test in a newborn may not show the presence of antibodies in the blood.
In school-age children, the infectious disease ureaplasma affects mainly the respiratory tract and is extremely rare. Only isolated cases of ureaplasma virus infection of the testicles in boys have been noted. The treatment of such diseases is carried out only with the use of antibiotics and under the strict supervision of a pediatrician, therefore it is considered extremely unreasonable to recommend a specific drug for children in absentia.
Does ureaplasmosis occur in animals?
In pets, there are also cases of infection with the ureaplasma virus. In cats it is and in dogs it is Ureaplasma canigenitalium.
Ureaplasma in dogs is one of the few types of bacteria that cause sexually transmitted diseases in males, including brucellosis. Dog breeds that are genetically predisposed to kidney stones are more susceptible to urinary tract infections when the bacterium enters the body. These organisms make the urine of male dogs more alkaline, which leads to the precipitation of mineral ions and the formation of crystalline sand and stones.
Infertility, which causes an infectious disease ureaplasma in dogs, is difficult to treat even in kennels. Treatment is carried out in isolated groups using tetracycline or similar drugs for 2 weeks. However, this medicine is contraindicated in pregnant bitches. Instead, ampicillin or erythromycin is used in early pregnancy.
Ureaplasma in cats is characterized as the smallest of the free-living microorganisms that cause inflammation. These viruses hydrolyze urea in felines. They are very pleomorphic in shape because they do not have a cell wall. In cats, it may be present in the form of normal flora on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx or urogenital tract up to a certain number of microorganisms in the body. Urogenital disease caused by a tiny virus is called ureaplasmosis in cats.
Diagnosis and treatment of ureaplasmosis
Patients suspecting the presence of ureaplasma, diagnosis and subsequent treatment, if necessary, should begin immediately. It is enough to pass a urine sample for testing to the laboratory to determine the presence of ureaplasmosis infection in the body.
Among the diagnostic methods in the laboratory, ELISA differs in efficiency. When examining a fluid taken for analysis, antibodies to ureaplasma are found in it when the body is infected.
Under a microscope, the pathogen in the blood can be seen by conducting direct immunofluorescence reactions.
The easiest way to detect ureaplasma in the body is a microbiological study, when the contents of the secretions are taken and inoculated to determine the culture medium.
Confirmation of the alleged diagnosis and the treatment started will save you from a more serious spread of the virus and damage to other organs.
A prerequisite for the presence of infection to completely get rid of it is the treatment of both spouses. Streamlining relationships with sexual partners is also an important preventive step to protect your body. Outside of a monogamous relationship, the risk of re-infection becomes much higher.
In addition to drug treatment, the use of the bioresonance therapy method to combat microorganisms is currently being practiced. With the help of Lidomed-Bio device, the healing effect comes faster. This method has an affordable price.
The most effective drugs
Since the virus does not have a cell membrane, treatment is prescribed for each specific case by a doctor after testing. Penicillin or cephalosporin, which damage the cell wall of microbes that have settled in the body, are not suitable for eliminating infections. For a complete cure for a malignant virus, suppositories, ointments and tablets are prescribed. Ureaplasma STIs can be treated with antibiotics such as tetracycline or erythromycin, which do not act on the cell wall. In traditional medicine, ureaplasma is also treated with the antibiotics doxycycline or streptomycin.
Azithromycin is a highly concentrated treatment that is used to eliminate bacterial infections. This drug is effective in ureaplasmas. It prevents the spread of disease and affects the ability of the bacterium to regenerate itself inside the body.
Doxycycline is another quality option that will cure ureaplasma disease. Its action lies in the vulnerability of harmful bacteria, while beneficial microorganisms are not affected, so they also help fight infection. The drug is usually taken within a week. The dosage is significantly lower than with azithromycin treatment. As a result, doctors prescribe 100 mg of doxycycline twice a day. The risks of side effects have also been virtually eliminated. Other physicians consider more effective two-time treatment during the week with 500 mg of azithromycin. Research into the use of fluoroquinolones and clindamycin is ongoing.
Complications and consequences of ureaplasmosis
Although ureaplasma is easily cured, it can leave serious consequences if appropriate treatment is not started for a long time. The most common complication is infertility. Among other disappointing diagnoses, which are caused by an inattentive attitude to one's own health, are meningitis, pneumonia and chorioamnionitis. If a pregnant woman does not get rid of ureaplasma, then complications can be very serious. This is the premature birth of a premature baby or the birth of a dead baby.
Often STD ureaplasma leads to problems with fertility. This is because ureaplasma u Urealyticum is closely related to tubal infection, which restricts sperm movement. This plays a significant role in the further development of infertility. Observations show that women who had miscarriages at various times also had this virus in their bodies.
If patients have had a ureaplasmosis infection, complications affecting the urinary tract are more common. In the absence of a fight against the virus, kidney damage occurs. Given that there are blood vessels that carry blood along with the resulting infection throughout the body, cases of such a disease can be fatal. This condition of the kidneys causes sepsis, when the immune system is weakened and tissues are destroyed irreversibly.
There is a possibility that ureaplasma causes inflammation in other organs, causing damage to nerves, joints and muscles.
Whether this is considered a terrible disease, everyone decides for himself. The ureaplasma urealyticum virus is constantly evolving. Perhaps soon it will become completely harmless to humans and will be present in its microflora without causing concern. Even today, some scientists insist on the veracity of this statement.
Diseases that people are infected through the genital tract are increasingly spreading among mankind. Today's topic is ureaplasma. What is ureaplasma? These are bacteria that carry out their vital activity on the mucous membrane of the genitourinary system. - one of the most common types of this infection, which causes the disease ureaplasmosis. In fairness, it should be said that doctors note a fairly common asymptomatic course of this disease.
Symptoms
So, the topic of this article is ureaplasma. What is it? First of all, these are bacteria-enemies of the genitourinary system. The insidiousness lies in the fact that their vital activity, as a rule, proceeds asymptomatically or with very blurred signs that quickly disappear. This is especially true for women. As a result, a person in the body has chronic ureaplasmosis. I hope everyone knows.
If the patient is lucky to feel the symptoms of this disease, they will look like this. During urination, discomfort, burning and pain appear in the urethra. Often there is a colorless discharge, which is also odorless. If suddenly they turn yellow-green or yellowish, and an unpleasant smell also appears, this indicates the presence of inflammation.
There are also pronounced symptoms that are characteristic of the simultaneous presence of two types of infections. Frequent "union" create chlamydia and ureaplasma. In an acute and exacerbated form, the disease caused by these bacteria can manifest itself in the form of vulvovaginitis. With significant inflammatory processes caused by this disease, the patient feels pain in the lower abdomen. They can be both pronounced and blurry. Also, these sensations can periodically alternate with each other.
Ureaplasma is also transmitted orally. What is oral? This is the entry of bacteria through the mouth. The manifestation of the disease in this case is expressed somewhat differently. A purulent plaque forms on the tonsils, pharyngitis, tonsillitis begin to develop, it is difficult for a person to swallow and the throat hurts. Often the patient mistakenly believes that this is the beginning of acute respiratory infections or SARS.
Chronicle
If left untreated, the symptoms will pass over time, but the pathogen will not go anywhere from the body. If there is a drop in immunity, the disease will again make itself felt. The following factors can cause this: hypothermia, physical activity, stressful situations, the presence of any other disease, pregnancy, and so on.
Unfortunately, this ailment is very often detected with a significant delay, when it has long passed into a chronic state. As a rule, tests for the presence of these bacteria have to be taken before planning a pregnancy or in case of unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child. As you can see, ureaplasma is very insidious. What is it, you already understood. But do not lose sight of the fact that this infection can lead to other genitourinary diseases, such as colpitis, endometritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, arthritis, and so on.
Treatment
How to cure ureaplasma? Bacteria are eliminated only with the help of antibiotics and auxiliary drugs. Treatment lasts at least two weeks with antibacterial and immunostimulating agents. Only a doctor can correctly diagnose and select the necessary drugs for therapy. In no case should you treat yourself, as this can lead to even more sad consequences.
What does ureaplasma mean in the results of the tests? By itself, this word does not mean a disease, but the presence of an opportunistic bacterium in the body. The concept of opportunistic pathogenic means that being in the human body, ureaplazma does not necessarily cause the development of the disease. Rather, on the contrary, most people with a certain amount of this bacterium in the body may never get sick with ureaplasmosis. This bacterium occurs in every third woman when taking a smear from the vagina, who do not complain of inflammation in the urinary tract. Emphasizing this fact, many doctors say that ureaplasma means not even a harmful bacterium, but part of the normal microflora, which does neither harm nor benefit.
Although there is an opposite assumption, according to which this bacterium, which mainly colonizes on the mucous membrane, damages it with the products of its vital activity, making it more vulnerable to other infections, that is, it acts as a catalyst for other inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system. Arguments confirming or refuting this theory have not yet been provided. And what does ureaplasma mean, to treat or not, everyone must decide for himself.
Therefore, if ureaplasma is detected, but no signs of the disease are observed, then treatment is not mandatory. However, it should be borne in mind that ureaplasmosis is often difficult to distinguish against the background of other microflora. Moreover, the bacterium is usually combined with chlamydia, gardnerella, mycoplasma and others, which means that ureaplasma may not be the cause of burning during urination and other unpleasant symptoms, which means that it is necessary to treat not for ureaplasmosis, but for something else, more serious.
As a rule, in this case, the prescribed treatment can lead to a situation in which, after successful treatment of chlamydia, all previously detected traces of ureaplazm disappear, which means that the causative agent in this case was chlamydia. It should also be borne in mind that when scraping is carried out on different days of the menstrual cycle in women, you can get results that differ from each other hundreds of times, which indicates the need for repeated retakes to obtain a positive result.
If any signs of inflammation are observed, and nothing but ureaplazm is found, in this case, the results of the analysis mean exactly ureaplasmosis and it should be treated. Otherwise, the disease can progress and affect the joints.
Ureaplasma and candidiasisCandida ureaplasma develops against the background of a decrease in local and general immunity. If the immune system is functioning normally, the bacteria...
