When setting up the settings, the master found a logical solution - to make a case for the instrument with a profile bottom part. It seems that what could be simpler? But no one had thought of it before...
7. The front part of the block of the Rozhnov plane is slightly rounded, despite the popular advice to make a strictly flat sole. However, this modification makes the tool move easier.
All these changes in the design of the plane, small in themselves, nevertheless served as the basis for the issuance of patent number 2182535 to Nikolai Ivanovich Rozhnov on May 20, 2002 for “Plane for the manufacture of profile wood products.”
Making a plane
Making a Rozhnov profile plane is not that difficult. The blanks will be a piece of hornbeam or beech block and a finished knife made of tool steel (or just a strip of hardened steel).
To mark the plane blocks, Nikolai Ivanovich advises making a template (3) from plexiglass - this makes it easier to create planes for different profiles. In his workshop there are more than 40 planes with different profiles. If you do not plan to make several planes, you can get by with marking with a square. A rectangular block 250-270 mm long, 30-40 mm thick and 85-90 mm wide needs to be sharpened, and then the position of the wedge and tap hole must be marked. Approximate proportions are visible in the photo.
Next, you need to make a triangular drill from a 35 mm wide feather drill to drill a hole in the tap hole or cut the tap hole with chisels, with a hand jigsaw or band saw- who has what. The type of drill is clear from the photo, the width at the top edge is 35 mm, at the bottom - 25 mm, the length of the working part is 35 mm. The grooves on the edges serve as chipbreakers and do not coincide on different edges. Their purpose is to crush chips during drilling, making the process smoother.
The next step is to create a fixture for mounting the workpiece on the table drilling machine at an angle of 45 and 75° (you can tilt the table and clamp the workpiece in machine vice, screwed to the machine table). We drill two 8-mm holes, select the wood between them with chisels - we get a hole for a wedge.
We process the side of the hole to which the knife shank will adjoin with a chisel to obtain the desired angle of inclination, approximately 10-15°. We make a clamping wedge from scrap wood. We saw through thin hacksaw slot the tap hole so that it is on the continuation of the rear plane of the hole for the wedge.
Now comes the most difficult part of the process. It is necessary to make a template of the future profile out of metal or plastic, and then with chisels, files, a circular saw and a false gobel with additional limiters, give the planer sole the desired profile. These are long and painstaking procedures.
Next, we put the knife blank in the planer and, looking along the sole, we outline the contour of the cutting edge on the metal. We will not dwell on what and how to make a profile knife - this is a separate problem, widely described in the literature on carpentry.
The most important thing is to prevent the knife from overheating and releasing when sharpening. It is better to check the temperature by touch with your finger while cooling the knife in water.
Nikolai Ivanovich and then came up with a device - he installed a sheet of plywood on an electric grinder so that it would fit the disk under the right angle. Instead of a grindstone, I installed (with the help of adapter bushings) a disk from an angle grinder for cutting metal (5) on the grindstone shaft. The rotation speed of the sharpener is more than half that recommended for the disc, so the heating of the workpiece is negligible, the steel is not released, there are practically no sparks. By pressing the knife blank to the plywood hand rest, it is not so difficult to make a profile knife for the planer sole profile or according to the template.
N. ROZHNOV, reserve major, civil engineer, carpenter.
The Master came to the editorial office and right in front of our eyes with several smooth passes of the planer turned wooden slats in a figured picture frame. Its surface not only did not require further processing, it revealed the natural beauty of the internal structure of the tree. And then the Master - retired military engineer Nikolai Ivanovich ROZHNOV - showed what the secret was. It lies in the design of the tools of the family of original planes with figured knives. However, let the author of the invention speak further.
Nikolai Ivanovich Rozhnov in his workshop.
The profile of the working part of the planes - the soles and knives - allows you to get ready product in just a few passes.
Such shavings only come out from under the plane knife.
I undertake to assert that of today’s craftsmen working with wood, few can list most of the names and purposes different types hand planes: sherhebel, planer, jointer, folded gobel, zenzubel, tsinubel, shpuntgobel, gruntgobel, figarei, medvedka, utornik, gorbach, kalevka. And if you consider that each of these planes has its own subspecies, the task becomes even more complicated.
When I ask specialists working in this field why they don’t plan hand tools, the answer is: “Why, when all the most complex wood processing can be done on machines and electric planes, it’s much faster and better quality.” Yes, there is quantity, but regarding quality I will try to prove the opposite.
Let's start in order.
A tree is the closest living thing to a person natural material. Accompanies us from birth to death. When he was born, he was placed in a wooden coffin; when he died, he was buried in a wooden coffin. During a person’s life, there is wood all around: a house, buildings, furniture, firewood, etc. Every day a person mentions a tree dozens of times, sometimes without even noticing it. By the way, the word “hello” has the root “drav” (from “trees”). And we all came from the village.
The old masters believed that wood has a soul. Before removing the shavings, they carefully studied the “character” of the wooden workpiece: it is a tree, like a person, it does not like it when it is against the “wool”. You can see and reveal the soul (pattern, texture) of a tree only with the help of hand planes. The thinner the shavings, the fuller and richer the pattern. This was called processing, I would even say, cutting the wood for “red”, that is, for brightness, for “light”. For this, the craftsmen received the title of “cabinet makers”.
Take a closer look at antique furniture: over the past centuries it has become even brighter, richer, warmer in design, because that cabinetmaker gave the tree a second life, revealed the energy of light accumulated by the tree over tens, hundreds of years while it was growing, and this process (acceptance and reflection light) will persist as long as light source objects exist. Knots, burrs, shells - all of these, naturally, are disadvantages for a wooden product, as well as for a “bright” person. Let's remove them and we'll get it good shape no content.
The whole secret is in the shavings. The plane shavings are a thin bright spiral. A spiral is also a harmony of natural form. Human DNA is built in a spiral, plants grow along the same line, and life develops in a spiral.
Machines, even the most advanced in technology, do not produce the same chips, spirals. They just rip off surface layer. Subsequent grinding emery cloths eliminates traces (ridges) from knives, but at the same time aggravates the situation even more, since it casts a “fog” on the not yet bright processing. It turns out that we conquered the tree with machines, but we couldn’t really force it to serve. In this matter, everything has its place: machines help in preparatory stages work, give us a good semi-finished product, but leave the final touch to the man with the plane in his hands.
If you want to work with wood, then work hard and do it justice. Undisclosed energy is unrealized energy, and all wood products in this case are stillborn.
Do you want to argue with me? I'm ready. Please note that I confirm my reasoning with specific practical work, I plan “red” with planes with profile knives (moulders), which:
Do not require adjustments or adjustments before or during operation;
If you follow the operating rules, sharpening the knife is practically not necessary;
For the working part (sole) there is a removable case that protects the knives.
I received a patent for this planer.
I said my word about "red" planing as best I could. The word is yours, cabinetmakers, if you still have it.
AMAZING PLANES
N. ROZHNOV, reserve major, civil engineer, carpenter.
The Master came to the editorial office and, right in front of our eyes, turned a wooden lath into a figured frame for a picture with several smooth passes of a planer. Its surface not only did not require further processing, it revealed the natural beauty of the internal structure of the tree. And then the Master - retired military engineer Nikolai Ivanovich ROZHNOV - showed the secret. It consists in the design of tools of the family of original planers with figured knives. However, let the author of the invention speak further.
I undertake to assert that of today's masters working with wood, few will be able to list most of the names and the purpose of different types of hand planers: sherhebel, planer, jointer, false gobel, zenzubel, tsinubel, tongue and groove, gruntgobel, figari, bear, morn, humpback, kalevka . And if you consider that each of these planes has its own subspecies, then the task becomes even more complicated.
When I ask specialists working in this field why they don’t plan with hand tools, the answer is: “Why, when all the most complex woodworking can be done on machines and electric planers, it is much faster and better.” Yes, there is quantity, but regarding quality I will try to prove the opposite.
Let's start in order.
Wood is the closest living natural material to man. Accompanies us from birth to death. When he was born, he was placed in a wooden coffin; when he died, he was buried in a wooden coffin. During a person’s life, there is wood all around: a house, buildings, furniture, firewood, etc. Every day a person mentions a tree dozens of times, sometimes without even noticing it. By the way, the word “hello” has the root “drav” (from “trees”). And we all came from the village.
The old masters believed that wood has a soul. Before removing the shavings, they carefully studied the “character” of the wooden workpiece: it is a tree, like a person, it does not like it when it is against the “wool”. You can see and reveal the soul (pattern, texture) of a tree only with the help of hand planes. The thinner the shavings, the fuller and richer the pattern. This was called processing, I would even say, cutting the wood for “red”, that is, for brightness, for “light”. For this, the craftsmen received the title of “cabinet makers”.
Take a closer look at antique furniture: over the past centuries it has become even brighter, richer, warmer in design, because that cabinetmaker gave the tree a second life, revealed the energy of light accumulated by the tree over tens, hundreds of years while it was growing, and this process (acceptance and reflection light) will persist as long as light source objects exist. Knots, burrs, shells - all of these, naturally, are disadvantages for a wooden product, as well as for a “bright” person. If we remove them, we get a good form without content.
The whole secret is in the shavings. The plane shavings are a thin bright spiral. A spiral is also a harmony of natural form. Human DNA is built in a spiral, plants grow along the same line, and life develops in a spiral.
Machines, even the most advanced in technology, do not produce the same chips, spirals. They just peel off the surface layer. Subsequent grinding with emery cloth eliminates marks (ridges) from the knives, but at the same time aggravates the situation even more, since it casts a “fog” on the not yet bright processing. It turns out that we TOOK (conquered) the tree with the machines, but IT WAS NOT GIVEN TO US (we couldn’t really force it to serve). In this business, everything has its place: machines help in the preparatory stages of work, give us a good semi-finished product, but leave the final touch to the person with the plane in his hands.
GENTLEMEN, SPECIALISTS CANNOT REPEAT THE WORK OF THE OLD MASTERS - THEN DEAL WITH ARTIFICIAL MATERIALS: PLASTICS, chipboard, MDF,
If you want to work with wood, then work hard and do it justice. Undisclosed energy is unrealized energy, and all wood products in this case are stillborn.
Do you want to argue with me? I'm ready. Please note that I confirm my reasoning with specific practical work, I plan “red” with planes with profile knives (moulders), which:
Do not require adjustments or adjustments before or during operation;
If you follow the operating rules, sharpening the knife is practically not necessary;
For the working part (sole) there is a removable case that protects the knives.
I received a patent for this planer.
I said my word about "red" planing as best I could. The word is yours, cabinetmakers, if you still have it.
