A veranda is an extension to a house that shares a common wall with it. Building a veranda is a great opportunity to expand the living space in a dacha or country house without carrying out full-scale construction. In terms of design, it can be absolutely anything, the main thing is that it is in harmony with the main building, is comfortable, functionally corresponds to the tasks assigned to it, is liked by the owners of the cottage and arouses the envy of the neighbors.
Before use, the material for constructing a gazebo must be treated with special insulating solutions that will make the structure resistant to environmental influences. As already mentioned, the design of the verandas can be absolutely anything, but the design can be quite different:
On a columnar, strip or pile foundation (making a monolith is expensive and difficult);
built-in or attached;
on a common foundation with the house or on a separate one;
under a common roof or under a separate one;
open or glazed;
insulated or summer version (without insulation, but with glazing);
with a frame made of different materials (wood, particleboard, aluminum, steel, and so on);
with different types of material for rough cladding;
with different types of front finish.
Obviously, the choice is incredibly large. But the most common and simplest option for constructing a veranda can be considered an attached veranda under a separate roof without insulation on a columnar foundation. If you do not plan to spend the night in such an extension in the winter and do not intend to build a bulky stove on it, this option is perfect for you. You can choose the type of internal and external cladding at your own discretion: siding, lining, boards, and so on.
Types of foundation. Time frame for constructing a veranda on your own
If the veranda is relatively small (it is customary to make it the entire length of the wall of the house where there is a door) and with a low porch, then all the work can be done literally by two people in the shortest possible time. Most often, with a 4–6 hour working day, it takes only 4–5 days, plus some time for exterior and interior finishing. An assistant to the chief foreman will be required at the stage of laying heavy beams and at the stage of constructing the roof.
Calculation of a veranda for a country house
A veranda is a structure that requires approval and, accordingly, the preparation of design documentation. Only certified specialists can do this, so, most likely, it is they who will make you a project based on your sketch, on the basis of which you can calculate the necessary materials.
However, if you decide not to legalize your extension, you can do the calculations yourself. Most home craftsmen make do with an approximate diagram and try to obtain more accurate data only for the number of beams and roofing material - both of them most often have to be purchased and transported from afar, and everything else can usually be “obtained” somewhere nearby.
When designing a veranda, you need to take into account that most often the timber that will be used for the construction of vertical posts, for the lower and upper trim and for logs, has a length of 6 meters. So, in order not to make unnecessary cuts and not throw away unnecessary materials, it is worth choosing the appropriate dimensions of the veranda.
Sketch of the veranda. Total we need
Cement;
sand and water for solution;
brick (or ready-made concrete blocks, which are sold in construction stores) for installing foundation columns (every 1.5–2 meters);
timber 150×150 or 100×100;
edged board 40×100;
durable steel corners;
nails;
bitumen for foundation treatment;
waterproofing (roofing felt or durable polyethylene);
roofing material;
materials for external and internal cladding.
Frameless glazing of the veranda. DIY veranda construction
After the rough calculations have been made and the material has been purchased, you can move on to the next stage - marking the area. It should be taken into account that the attached veranda will have a separate base from the main part of the cottage or dacha. And, since they have different bases and different weights, during the freezing and thawing of the soil, each of the structures will “float”, that is, rise and fall, completely according to its own physical laws. This means that if we try to “link” the veranda and the house, then sooner or later they will still move away from each other. Accordingly, we leave a gap of 5–10 centimeters between them, which we then close with a special strip.
Veranda at a country house. Stage 1. Building the foundation for the veranda
After we have hammered pegs along the wall in those places where we will install pillars for the foundation, we can proceed directly to the excavation work. The markings must be taken very seriously: subsequently you will not have to level out defects by complex adjustment of the top trim and rafters. Marking pegs should be located on the outside of the veranda walls.
Under the pillars, we dig holes approximately 50–70 centimeters deep and make a “cushion” for the future foundation pillars: pour 15–20 centimeters of sand into the hole, moisten it and compact it. After the sand has dried, add crushed stone to a height of approximately 10 centimeters. We pour a liquid bitumen composition on top of it to provide the pillars with reliable waterproofing.
After our waterproofed “cushion” has hardened, you can proceed directly to laying the foundation pillars. They can be made from masonry or concrete foundation blocks. We make sure that the columns are the same in height: later we will not have to fight with leveling the floor on the veranda.
If there is a cavity inside the masonry, it needs to be filled with some kind of construction waste - broken bricks, crushed stone - and filled with bitumen. It is best to coat the outside of both blocks and bricks with bitumen - it will not be superfluous.
The height of the blocks or pillars should be such that after laying the bottom trim, joists and boards, the vertical height to the floor in the cottage or house is 25–30 centimeters. This is necessary because presumably the roof of the veranda will be lower than the roof of the house (if we want to combine them into a common structure), that is, the ceiling of the veranda will also be lower.
Important: after each stage, all new elements of a wooden structure must be treated with special antiseptics.
Veranda with outdoor fireplace. Stage 2. Making the base of the veranda
Now that we have the foundation pillars, we cover each of them with a piece of roofing felt for additional waterproofing. If it was not possible to line up the columns exactly horizontally, then later, before laying the joists or flooring, you will have to make special linings.
Now we put the lower trim, which will assemble our structure together. We place a beam on top of our covered waterproofing materials pillars, which we connect with a half-tree corner connection - this is the simplest option. To add additional rigidity to the structure, you can connect the corners with nails, but it would be optimal not to use metal, but to drill holes with a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters and drive spikes into them. Don’t forget to coat the level of the bottom trim with an antibacterial waterproofing agent for wood.
Veranda frame. Stage 3. Making a frame for the veranda
In the corners of our veranda we hollow out or drill grooves for installing corner vertical posts. We install the racks, carefully checking that they are perfectly vertical. We reinforce the tongue-and-groove connection between the posts and the bottom trim with strong metal corners or brackets. Next, we install intermediate racks using the same principle. Usually they are placed at a distance of approximately 60 centimeters from one another - here everything depends solely on the wishes of the master and on the length of the material that will be used for the construction and cladding of the frame.
Important: do not forget to clearly check the distance between the vertical posts in the places where the window and door frames will be located: the frame must fit between two vertical posts.
Corner veranda. By mounting the vertical posts, you can immediately make a window sill beam, which we will make from timber, connecting it to the vertical posts with a tenon connection. You can equip the window sill beam later, securing it with corners. After installing the vertical posts and connecting them with a transverse (window sill) beam, we once again check the strict verticality of the structure.
On top of the resulting structure of racks sticking up, we install the top frame - it will also be the Mauerlat on which the roof structure will rest. It is done according to the same principle as the lower harness.
Now we cut out incomplete (half or one-third) grooves for the floor joists in the lower frame, and incomplete grooves for the rafters in the upper frame. First, we place long beams along the wall of the house - the lower and upper purlins (the upper one is also called the beam) - on the lower and upper harness. We also cut out grooves in the purlins. We place floor joists (below) and rafters (above) across the purlins, fastening them either with a wooden spike (this is the most reliable) or with nails.
Veranda with wooden steps. Stage 4. Stairs
Our design had to be elevated above the ground, and in order to be able to get to the veranda, it is recommended to purchase or make a staircase yourself. It can be a simple welded metal staircase, a wooden staircase on stringers, made of bricks, or poured concrete. It is only important to remember that the staircase should be independent of the house - it should be combined with the floor of the veranda only by the top, preferably a floating step. The staircase needs to be installed at this stage, so that then all the connection flaws (ugly joints, etc.) can be covered with floor boards.
Floor covering for open areas. Stage 5. Floor installation
The floor can be installed at this stage or later, when the roof frame is assembled, but it is more convenient to carry out construction work by walking not on the joists, but on a ready-made base. So it is recommended that right now you place an edged board across the joists and nail it to the beam with stainless steel nails. This can be a finished version of the floorboard or a rough one. Later, the rough boards can be covered with linoleum or another type of flooring.
Remark: how to make a warm floor in the veranda
If the veranda is not cold, but warm, then the procedure for constructing the floor will be slightly different:
1. Place the strapping on top of the foundation pillars.
2. We lay the purlin (if it is needed, and it is needed if the length of the board is not enough, which we will lay in the next step) so that the upper level of the purlin beam coincides with the upper level of the strapping beam (this can be easily achieved if you use the connection of the beams “in half a tree").
3. We stuff boards on top of the purlin and strapping.
4. We lay waterproofing material on top of them.
5. We lay logs on top of the waterproofing without any cutting. You can also make a cutting, and bend the waterproofing material into the resulting grooves and press them down with lags. We connect the logs with the second bottom trim (sometimes called the second crown).
6. Place thermal insulation material in the resulting niches. This can be expanded clay, slab or roll insulation.
7. We fill boards on top of the joists - this will be the finishing or rough floor of our veranda.
Wooden veranda. Stage 6. Roof installation
We already have a mauerlat or top trim and a central girder (aka a bench). Now you need to install racks on the side of the wall of the house, so that later you get a pitched roof. First we set up the corner posts, then the intermediate ones. We connect the racks from above with a ridge girder, making sure that all racks are the same height.
Now we place the rafters with support on one side on the wall posts, on the other side on the Mauerlat (aka the top frame). You can lay the rafters with hollowing “half a tree”, or without - just attach them with corners or brackets. Do not forget that our roof must have an overhang from the entrance to the veranda, as well as a small allowance from the side of the house wall so that rain and melt water does not flow down the back wall of the veranda. In addition, do not forget that it would also be a good idea to make a canopy over the stairs, at least over the top few steps.
Important: this article describes a highly simplified rafter system, which, however, is often used in the construction of summer houses, verandas, and gazebos. However, during work, especially if the veranda is very spacious, it may be necessary to install additional elements: struts (supports the angle between the rafters and the post), intermediate posts (also called legs or chairs), purlins and tie rods (connect additional intermediate posts) and other elements, which will reduce the pressure of the roofing pie and rafters on the posts and trim, and also maintain the clarity of the corners of the structure.
Veranda roof made of polycarbonate. On top of the rafters we attach a waterproofing material, which is secured with self-tapping screws. We fill counter-lattice boards along the rafters. They will play a double role: they will press the waterproofing harder and create a space between the finishing roofing material and the insulation, eliminating the possibility of rotting of the sheathing and rafters.
Next comes a layer of lathing, which is placed across the rafters and, accordingly, the counter-lattice. The final stage is fixing the roofing material and covering the sides of the resulting gables with a suitable material (most likely the same one that will be used to cover the walls of the veranda).
You can use a wide range of materials to form the roof of a gazebo. Further, if you have a warm veranda, all work is done from the inside of the house. You need to fasten the insulation between the rafters (can be nailed to the rafters), cover it with a vapor barrier layer (can also be nailed), and then lay the lathing of the ceiling system on top. It can be a rough version or immediately a final version for subsequent finishing.
Stage 7. Installation of doors and windows
If you will have a covered porch rather than an open one, now is the time to install door and window frames. We fix the boxes using self-tapping screws or nails. We fill the voids with polyurethane foam. During the outer cladding of the walls, it is better to remove the sashes (unless, of course, you have double-glazed windows) so that they do not suffer from vibrations when struck with a hammer or during operation of a screwdriver.
Modern interior solutions allow your imagination to run wild. Stage 8. Sheathing the outside walls of the veranda
The material for the cladding and, accordingly, the method of its fastening are chosen by the owners of the house at their own request. The main thing when installing the outer covering is not to forget about the waterproofing layer, which is attached to the counter-lattice attached to the vertical posts. Insulation and vapor barrier are installed from the inside, similar to the roof. You can leave the veranda open by building only a high fence.
Surely everyone will say that outdoor recreation is wonderful. And if he is also civilized, cultivated, then he has no price at all! Many owners of their own houses with plots equip them with a terrace, as a rule, even during the construction of the house. After all, the terrace attached to the house is just a cultivated and ennobled place for a wonderful holiday! There are also free-standing terraces. But in this article we will talk specifically about the attached version.
In addition, terraces can be open plan, closed, semi-closed. The only thing is that this type of territory arrangement should not be confused with verandas, which are closed terraces that are not glazed, but have a roof.
If you have an open terrace, you can place a lot of things on it for comfortable relaxation and pastime. But during the hot summer period, you should make sure that the sun gets here as little as possible. Perhaps pull up an awning or install a garden umbrella.
As you may have already noticed in the photo of the terraces attached to the house, their shapes are not very diverse. They can be square or rectangular, asymmetrical or encircling the building along its perimeter. In the latter case, it is appropriate to design it only if the area of the plot near the house is not too large, and at the same time, there is no way to make the terrace wide.
The terrace can also be one or multi-level. It may be located near the main entrance to the house, or maybe in the backyard. Often, it is still decorated on the south side, since this way you can enjoy the sun’s rays for the maximum number of days throughout the year!
Execution Styles
Among the most popular styles are:
- Modern. It’s comfortable here, but at the same time there’s a minimum of everything. Simple and functional, strict lines, laconic forms, cozy and comfortable. The furniture used is simple but practical. The same applies to decor, if it is there, it is the most functional or it is not there at all.
- Traditional. You can’t do without decor here. Moreover, it can be used in a wide variety of forms. It is customary to use natural materials, for example, wood and stone. It is worth talking about the presence of railings on such a terrace only after it is clear at what height the decking is relative to the ground, whether small children and pets will run around, and in general, depending on what your preferences are. If you decide that railings are necessary to make the terrace safer, consider the beauty of their design.
- Colonial. Here it is customary to use classical style architecture, in which colorful elements are used, as a basis. This style is practical, beautiful, comfortable and symmetrical, decorated with fresh flowers, and architectural elements borrowed from former colonial countries.
- Coastal. This option is perfect if the house is located near the sea or a body of water. But that’s how it is. Being in such a place, you want everything to be as harmonious as possible, combined with the surrounding nature. Here you should pay special attention to the finishing materials that will be used. For example, it could be gray composite decking, or it could be gray cedar. In any case, the view from the terrace should open to the water (sea or pond).
- Country music, in which everything is comfortable and convenient, can look stylish and original at the same time.
How to attach a terrace to a house - options
In fact, there are many of them. And, in the end, no one forbids you to fantasize about this. But let's look at the main ones.
A very common design option. To some extent, it resembles a living room, where there is upholstered furniture, a low table, and sometimes even a fireplace! The only difference from the living space is that garden-type furniture is installed. But to add softness and comfort, garden furniture is equipped with numerous pillows, blankets, covers with ties or zippers, etc.
Dine al fresco? What could be more beautiful!
But every dish served will seem incredibly tasty if you eat it on the open terrace attached to the house! Therefore, we can say with confidence that every home owner definitely provides himself with such an opportunity! If you arrange this option on an open terrace, family dinners, as well as receptions of guests, will be held in any bad weather. Also use patio furniture options. At your own discretion, you can install the equipment with which food is prepared.
When arranging a hanging sofa in the relaxation area, take care of a small table next to it. It will be useful to you, you'll see!
Terrace decor
Regardless of the shape and type of terrace, there are some universal ways to create decor. So, for example, there may be lighting devices, thought out and organized in a variety of variations. The same wall lanterns with forged structures, and maybe even designer versions of pendant lamps.
On the veranda attached to the house, it is original to install a fireplace, near which there are soft sofas and wicker tables. The level of comfort will be off the charts, and your guests will not want to leave you!
Plants for decoration can be used either growing or simply in flowerpots. The main thing is to think about which types you prefer.
The terrace is modest in size. How to apply?
Even the smallest area can be very comfortably landscaped. For example, decorate it with flowers (pots), place a couple of armchairs (garden furniture) or chairs. For lighting and decorative function, install a lamp. You can put a bright, unusual and original small rug in front of the door and voila!
Well, if you can’t figure out how to organize the space around your own home, don’t despair! There is always a way to turn to a professional designer who will do everything himself - for you!
100 photos - modern style terrace design
But the firm decision to attach it came only now; this article will allow you to become familiar with some of the nuances that need to be taken into account.
How to build a veranda with your own hands and from what material? What types of verandas are there? How to attach a veranda to the house, what options are there and is it even possible?
Construction of a veranda to the house with your own hands: types of projects, photos of the best works
If the construction of a residential building is only at the design stage, the best option would be to immediately develop a house with a veranda. In such a situation, this structure will be located on the same foundation as the house, have similar walls and possibly a common roof.
With this solution, an open veranda attached to the house can provide an individual style to each home, regardless of its style and shape.
If the house has already been built, there is no reason to be upset, since the veranda can be completed at any time without any damage to the structure of the main building. 
How can you attach a veranda to a residential building?
As in any other construction, the first steps should be to develop the design of the veranda for the house to build with your own hands (consider options for verandas). The presence of numerous photos on the Internet is direct confirmation that when creating projects it is necessary to calculate everything down to the smallest detail.
Due to the fact that the veranda itself is a kind of insulation for a residential building, if possible it is necessary to build it on the north side. But do not forget about one nuance: if the extension in the future will be intended as a recreation room, summer kitchen or sports room, it is better to build it in such a way that the windows have access to the garden, and not to the neighboring plot.
In a situation where the veranda is located at the entrance to the house, it is accordingly impossible to make a rest room out of it, since it initially already looks like a spacious summer hall. 
At the initial stage of designing a veranda for a house with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account such nuances as:
If the glazing of the veranda and terrace itself takes up a large area, it is imperative to design a ventilation system that will cope with preventing the greenhouse effect in the summer. It is quite possible to recreate windows with the ability to open them - in this case it will already have an open type. 
To create a comfortable temperature regime on a double-glazed veranda, the walls of the structure must be built from dense material, and the joints themselves must not have gaps or cracks.
Important to remember! In order for the extension to look like a single structure with the house, it is necessary to use in construction the same materials from which the walls of the main building are made. 
The walls of the summer veranda themselves must be independent of the house itself. For this reason, they must be built on a separate foundation. In most cases, the roof should include at least 1 small slope. At the same time, the floor is erected with a slight slope of 2 centimeters. 
The attached photos of verandas can be perfect as an example of building options.
If we talk about how much it costs, there cannot be specific figures here for one simple reason - the price depends on how much area will be used (this applies to verandas of any type and type).
A veranda attached to a brick building. Photos of excellent work
Answering the question of how to attach a veranda to a brick house, we can immediately say that many experts recommend using the same building materials from which the main building was built. But we hasten to console you, it is not necessary to adhere to these tips (the photo is proof of this) when it is necessary to attach a veranda to a brick house. 
Many of our compatriots use a wide variety of other materials (for example, wood) for verandas.
The main point here is to use exclusively those materials that can be combined with brick.
Of course, any type of brick (red, white, one-and-a-half, etc.) is perfect, but it is also possible to use wood.
At the same time, the most popular is still considered to be the addition of a veranda and terrace to the house made of brick, natural decorative stone, timber, boards using a metal frame.
If you want to use red brick, then you need to remember that it is considered fireproof, and therefore has all the necessary qualities for use in closed designs. The extension itself can be made to a façade wall with a size of 3 meters or more, and a width of up to 6 meters. 
In the process of constructing a summer extension, the best option would be to use half-brick masonry; in the case of a winter structure, thick walls would be used. 
In any of the options, it is necessary to waterproof the walls and the foundation itself. It must be remembered that the new building should not be rigidly tied to the main building, and therefore the seam is sealed with polyurethane foam.
In turn, roofing work for closed verandas involves laying thermal insulation, which must be installed under the roof.
Veranda to a wooden house. Photos of extension options
Here, the best option would be to add a veranda to a wooden house made of a similar material. Using another material will not be advisable, since the appearance will not be very attractive. 
The extension to the country house itself can be done in the so-called mountain style. This style has the appearance of a massive frame that is fenced on all sides with small logs. 
When building an extension overlooking the garden, it is perfect for those who love a quiet holiday.
If logs do not suit someone, you can use forged metal figures in combination with green spaces.
You can look at the selected photos as samples.
To build a veranda on your own, you need to use your choice of a metal or timber frame in parallel with huge windows all the way to the floor.
As a material for the floor, you can use tiles, stone or cedar boards. To create a warm veranda floor, linoleum, laminate and similar materials are better suited. 
At the same time, do not forget that to create a zest in a wooden veranda, it is best to complement it with a fireplace, which is lined with decorative stone. After all, just imagine, it’s winter, it’s cold outside, and you’re sitting by the fireplace on the veranda and enjoying an excellent view. 
Closed verandas. Photo
Structures of this type are in most cases placed on the side of a residential building, which is inaccessible to prying eyes. But at the same time, it is necessary to remember that it is imperative to make sure that the maximum amount of sunlight passes through it. 
If this veranda will be used in winter, it is recommended to use thermal insulation -
From the photo you can see that most of these designs involve a variety of glazing options. 
Today, verandas that are made using polycarbonate are popular. Thanks to this material, you can build structures of any shape and implement a wide variety of design ideas.
Reminder! When constructing a structure made of polycarbonate (directly from sheets), the best option would be to leave small gaps to ensure its free expansion in the future.
Open verandas. Excellent selection of photos
The best option for an open-type structure is to use canopies. This construction option will allow its owner to be inside even in the summer heat or in the rain. 
To give maximum comfort, it is recommended to plant greenery around the perimeter. 
- possibility of creating a veranda with barbecue;
- spending an unlimited amount of time in clean air;
- the ability to equip with various furniture if desired by the owners;
- it is possible to use sun loungers, deck chairs, etc.;
- You can create any veranda that its potential owner can imagine.
Today, there are many ready-made projects that allow you to create such a structure with your own hands (the presented photos are an example of this). These verandas involve the arrangement of the floor at a slight slope. This is important to ensure the drainage of possible water after bad weather.
In this case, the floor should be at a level of about 20 centimeters from the ground. For this you can use brick, metal and so on.
If we talk about the form itself, it can be absolutely anything.
Every resident of our country who has a great desire to create the veranda of their dreams is recommended to look, in our opinion, at a good manual that can show the work from the inside, how it is actually carried out:
At the same time, citizens who still want to build not a veranda, but a terrace themselves, are recommended to watch an entertaining video on this topic:
Terrace and veranda - what is the difference?
Many people do not know the difference between a terrace and a veranda; photos and the arguments themselves will help you understand this in detail.
The veranda and terrace itself can be attached to the main residential building. However, there are still some differences.
In particular, we are talking about such differences as:
- the veranda design may have glazing, while the terrace looks like a regular open area;
- the veranda must necessarily include a roof in its design, and the terrace is recreated with this element;
- the veranda must be attached to the main residential building, the terrace in most cases is built separately and, as a rule, on a small hill;
- a veranda, especially a closed one, must have thermal insulation; the terrace, in turn, does not include these components.
In simple terms, the veranda includes some kind of railing and roof. If these elements are missing, such a structure can only be called a terrace.
Video “how to” or still “how not to”?
A very controversial video that gives an example of creating a terrace attached to a house, combining a lot of styles, textures, and surfaces. Is this a good option or not? The audience expressed extremely contradictory opinions, from unconditional delight to sincere horror. It’s all the more interesting to form your own opinion.
The dining room is a nice place to have tea parties. You can build a veranda with your own hands using the tips from our article. We will tell you how to calculate the material, assemble the frame, etc. This will help you avoid mistakes and save time and money.
A veranda is an unheated extension to the main building, which adjoins one side to the house, combining the functions of a porch and a seating area. Unlike a terrace, it is built in the same style as the house and serves as shelter from rain and sun.
The veranda can be:
- with glazing (closed type);
- without glazing (open type).
Selection of materials for construction
When choosing materials, you should proceed from the fact that the veranda is most often constructed according to the principle of frame technology. For the racks, lower and upper trim, 150x150 mm timber is used. It can also be used for floor joists. To install the main floor trusses, you need a beam of a smaller cross-section - 80x100 mm. Intermediate rafters are made from 40x40 mm beams. The filling between the racks is made of 20 mm thick edged boards or vinyl siding.
It is necessary to construct a sheathing, which will require a beam of a smaller cross-section (40x20 mm) or a metal profile. Stiffening ribs made of the same timber are installed between the racks. The same timber is needed for the installation of roof sheathing. The ceiling is lined with 20 mm boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. For the floor, use a tongue and groove board with a thickness of at least 40 mm.
In order to know the exact amount of basic materials, before starting construction it is necessary to make a sketch of the future veranda, which will indicate all dimensions.
Veranda model with basic dimensions
Table. Consumables for building a veranda
| Name of material | Unit change | Qty | Average price, rub. | Total cost, rub. |
| Beam 150x150 mm (pine) | m/n | 45/1 m 3 | 7 500 | 7 500 |
| Beam 80x100 mm | m/n | 20/0.24 m 3 | 7 500 | 1 800 |
| Beam 40x40 mm | m/n | 20/0.24 m 3 | 8 500 | 2 040 |
| Beam 40x20 mm | m/n | 16/0.01 m 3 | 8 500 | 85 |
| Tongue board 40 mm | m 2 | 8 | 640 | 5 120 |
| Edged board 20 mm | m 2 | 6 | 280 | 1 680 |
| Ceramic brick ordinary M-100 | PC. | 250 | 12,50 | 3 125 |
| Bituminous shingles | m 2 | 10 | 460 | 4 600 |
| Ruberoid | roll | 1 | 250 | 250 |
| Cement | kg | 150 | 50 | 7 500 |
| Sand | m 3 | 2 | 120 | 240 |
| Wooden window block 1200x1000 | PC. | 8 | 4 400 | 35 200 |
| Wooden door block | PC. | 1 | 5 000 | 5 000 |
| Antiseptic | l | 5 | 380 | 380 |
| Total expenses will be | 76 920 |
The table shows the main materials. Some of them can be replaced, depending on personal preferences, for example, to fill between the racks you can use vinyl or metal siding, wooden lining or its variation - blockhouse.
Construction of a foundation for a veranda
For a lightweight structure (which includes a veranda), the best solution would be to build a columnar foundation. This will significantly reduce the cost and speed up construction.
Particular attention should be paid to the base elements located at the entrance: they must be stronger than others. This requirement is caused by the need to prevent the veranda from tilting away from the house, which often happens when the foundation pillars sag. This can be avoided by constructing additional supports.
The construction of a columnar foundation for the veranda is carried out in stages:
- The site is being prepared: trees and bushes are cut down, stumps are uprooted.
- Marking of installation locations for columnar foundation supports is carried out.
- Holes are dug below the freezing level of the soil (approximately 1.1-1.2 m), at the bottom of which a sand bedding 150 mm thick is placed. The sand must be moistened and compacted.
- Crushed stone is poured in a layer of about 100 mm.
- Crushed stone is poured with liquid cement-sand mortar, after which concreting is done on top of it. The concrete layer should also be about 100 mm.
- Roofing felt is laid on top of the concrete in two layers (for waterproofing). Brickwork is being carried out: brick columns of square section (one and a half bricks) are constructed. The height of the above-ground part should be such that the floor level of the veranda is slightly lower than the floor level of the main part of the house.
- All supports must be at the same level: this must be controlled using a water spirit level.
- After finishing the masonry, the holes are backfilled. The soil needs to be compacted.
- Two layers of roofing felt are also laid on top of the posts.
The pillars of a columnar foundation must be at the same level
Attention! It is impossible to leave unfinished construction for the winter: due to spring heaving of the soil, unloaded pillars may be unevenly displaced. It will be difficult to fix this.
Frame construction and wall construction
First, we install the lower frame from the timber (all connections are made only above the foundation post). The beams in the corners are joined halfway across the tree and a tenon is driven into a drilled hole with a diameter of 12 mm. To lay the logs, grooves are hollowed out every 50-60 cm.
The racks must be installed strictly vertically. They are secured with staples and special corner connectors. For ease of installation, the racks are temporarily fixed with jibs. The racks closest to the house should be made higher than those further away, so that the roof slope is at least 7°: this is necessary to ensure good drainage of rainwater and snow melting.
The frame of the veranda will become stronger after installing the window sill beams between the posts. The distance from the floor level is about 0.5 m (windows should be large).
The upper binding is performed in the same way as the lower one. Grooves are hollowed out for the sheathing beams.
In the squares formed by the beams of the lower trim, posts and window sill beams, diagonal elements are installed (crosswise), connecting them halfway - they will further strengthen the structure. The walls under the window are sheathed on the outside with boards or other suitable material (siding, panel panels, etc.). A heat-insulating material - mineral wool - is laid between the inner and outer cladding (if the veranda will not be used during the cold season, the insulation can be omitted).
Attention! The wood must be inspected and boards and beams with signs of rotting and insect pest passages must be rejected. All wooden elements of the frame should be treated with an antiseptic agent, and after installation, a paint coating should be applied.
Roof and floor installation
We lay sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards on top of the mounted sheathing. We use it as a roofing material: it will be more comfortable under such a roof when it rains. You should also install a gutter with a slope of 3-5° towards the water drainage area.
For the floor you need well-dried, planed tongue and groove boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm. They are pressed tightly together, leaving a compensation gap of 5-10 mm at the edges.
Note: In order for the floor to serve for a long time, the space between the foundation supports is not sewn up, or vents (ventilation holes) are installed.
After this, a porch is attached to the veranda, doors are installed and glazing is performed. Windows can be with single glass: this is enough to protect against rain and wind. Window frames with double-glazed windows are necessary if the veranda is planned to be heated (in this case, all cracks must be foamed and covered with platbands).
The last step is finishing the interior. You can install a table for tea on the veranda, if the space allows - you can install a dressing table and decorate with flowers and climbing plants so that you can relax comfortably on the veranda during the summer heat or rain.
Almost every house has a room at the entrance - a veranda, which serves not only as an entrance hall, but also as a resting place. Many people do not distinguish between the concepts of “veranda” and “terrace”, but these are two completely different structures.
A terrace is an area attached to a house or a separate one with any hard surface, usually raised above the ground. A fence can be built along its perimeter, often a low wooden balustrade. Sometimes the site is left completely open. Brickwork, concrete, asphalt, and wooden boards are used as flooring. Before you build a hard surface, you need to make a reliable foundation. First, a sand cushion is poured, then crushed stone is laid, and concrete or asphalt is poured on top. It is recommended to place plank flooring on beams treated with bitumen, special compounds or processing.
Terraces are popular in areas with a dry climate where it rarely rains. For terraces, a canopy is often built to protect from bad weather or sun rays. In our latitudes, it is not advisable to build a terrace adjacent to the house, since precipitation will flow from the roof. But a separate platform with a table and benches located on it will serve as an excellent place for relaxation and gatherings.
The veranda has a common wall with the house and is an unheated closed room. It is usually erected from the same material as the main structure. But in order to make it more decorative, you can attach an interesting wooden veranda to a stone house or combine styles. They try to make the veranda bright, with a large view, so it has continuous glazing on two or three sides.
Construction of a country house with a veranda
The veranda is not considered a separate structure. This is a section of a house that is added to the building during its construction or after some time. Usually the veranda is attached to the facade or to the end side.
All verandas can be divided into two types:
When designing a future veranda, you must remember that the extension should look harmonious with the main building. The design must fit into the overall style of the house, and also be consistent in size.
The right foundation for a veranda
When building any structure, pouring the foundation is one of the most responsible and important aspects of the work. When planning an extension, it is necessary to carefully consider the parameters of the foundation, taking into account climatic conditions and soil characteristics.
It is the foundation that ensures the reliability of the extension, since this element takes on the main load of the entire structure. Therefore, you need to carefully consider all the nuances and make a preliminary calculation. If the general requirements are violated when pouring the foundation, the structure is unlikely to last for a long time.
The depth of the foundation for the veranda should be the same as the foundation of the house. Verandas located on soils with high groundwater levels may have a deeper foundation than the main building.
The most popular types of foundation for the construction of verandas are tape And pile. In areas with special mobility of soil layers, rubble foundations are used.
DIY veranda. Photo
Veranda construction technology
Construction begins with equipment frame, resting on the base - foundation. It can be filled with a continuous strip or made of individual brick columns. In this case, the number of foundation blocks must correspond to the number of corner posts. The construction of a foundation for a country veranda consists of several phases:
- Construction about bindings foundation. It should have recesses for installing joists on which the floor will rest.
- The lower frame is strengthened by a double system - external and internal, because racks will be mounted on it, which are fastened with iron staples and nails.
- Installation vertical racks. For them, bars or interconnected boards are used, the total thickness of which should not be less than 4 cm.
- Top harness. This is the strengthening of logs or boards along the upper perimeter of the racks, which will make the entire structure reliable and stable.
- Rafter beam. It is fixed under the slope of the house along the entire length of the veranda and serves as the basis for installing the rafters.
- Rafters laid with one end on the beam and the other on the outer edge of the frame. It is best to secure bars and beams with anchor bolts.
- The beam is placed so that the roof of the veranda goes under the roof of the main building.
Attaching the roof of the veranda
The roof of a veranda attached to a building is often covered with the same roofing material as the main structure. The arrangement of the roof junction directly depends on which wall the veranda will be built near. If the roof continues the slope of the main structure, then merging the two rafter systems is simply necessary.
The construction of a veranda roof involves the following procedure:
Floor covering
Since the veranda is a room with high traffic, special attention should be paid to the floor covering. It is best to use paint that does not just paint over the boards, but leaves their structure visible.
Attention!
Before applying any coating, the wood must be impregnated with an antiseptic.
This treatment is especially relevant for open-type verandas, where all elements - posts, floors, fences - require special protection. Ideal for these purposes SENEZH IMPRA. This composition can even be used to treat those parts of the structure that are in contact with the ground. It does not contain dyes and does not change the structural appearance of wood. Although there are some options with an olive tint. Primer Pinotex, used for dry wood, deeply impregnates the fibers. But you need to make sure that the boards are well dried.
DIY veranda. Photo
Oil-based compositions are used as paints Tikkurila And Pinotex. They are quickly absorbed and dry. They will only need to be updated once a year.
Glazing of the veranda
The simplest wooden veranda for a house can be turned into a masterpiece of design with the help of original glazing. And there are many options:
- wooden frames;
- metal-plastic windows;
- sliding panels;
- polycarbonate glazing;
- frameless glazing.
Wooden frames are quite expensive, and if the veranda is spacious, then you will have to shell out a lot of money. Metal-plastic is cheaper and more practical. But here, too, some variations are possible: the windows can open or slide apart. Metal-plastic can be purchased in various colors. Film of various shades is easily applied to it. Many people prefer stationary windows for the veranda that do not open.
Sliding panels are convenient for small verandas. They do not take up space when opening. Frameless glazing looks very nice, but it is used if there are no neighbors nearby, otherwise you risk being constantly visible.
Polycarbonate can perfectly replace glass, and does not require special installation skills. It can be fixed into the grooves of the frames using sealant and self-tapping screws.
Construction of a French veranda
Lightweight wall-mounted structures - French verandas - are becoming increasingly popular. This is an airy, sophisticated extension to the house. And here you no longer need to rack your brains about how to attach a veranda to the house with your own hands. The French design does not require a solid foundation, and the planning process comes down to choosing a reliable manufacturer.
Installation of the finished product is quite simple:
- installation of supports around the perimeter;
- tension of rubber gaskets on glass;
- installation of glass into the grooves of the frame;
- securing jumpers for fixation;
- installation of decorative elements.
French verandas are usually made with sliding windows. In addition, it is often used for glazing polycarbonate.
Furniture for the veranda
The veranda is a special place in a country house where the owners enjoy relaxing in nature.
In an extension, as in any other living space, furniture is a necessary attribute. To decorate country verandas, you can reconstruct old interior items. You can put old chairs on the summer veranda, slightly transforming them. In addition to chairs, old armchairs or couches are also perfect for summer relaxation. If the owners like to eat on the veranda, then they cannot do without a dining table.
In the spacious extension you can install a fireplace or a large sofa. However, this room should not be overloaded with furniture. If there are sofas in the room, the number of chairs should be minimal. In addition to the main pieces of furniture, you can use wall shelves or a small chest of drawers.
Usually they choose for the veranda wooden or wicker pieces of furniture, complementing them with soft mattresses or pillows.
Curtains for the veranda
Often curtains are used for open verandas in the country. They give an airy and romantic look to the entire structure. Light colors easily match any building materials, but bright contrasting colors can also be used.
Important!
The main emphasis should be on the practicality of the material. Remember that curtains on an open veranda will be exposed to the elements.
When choosing curtains, you need to focus on their main types:
- natural fabrics;
- synthetic fabrics;
- plastic curtains;
- bamboo curtains.
Natural fabrics can only be used if they are put away for the winter. Otherwise, they risk turning into wimps. Synthetic materials that can withstand bad weather are more suitable.
Curtains from PVC allow you to reliably cover the veranda from precipitation, dust and wind. Transparent film withstands temperature changes and retains heat in the room.
The most convenient are bamboo curtains. They are not affected by precipitation, are durable, and provide excellent protection from the sun.
