Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich, whose hundredth birthday is celebrated on December 14, was one of the most prominent specialists in the field of phonetics, a thoughtful researcher and gifted teacher, a tireless propagandist of the ideas of L. V. Shcherba, one of whose closest students she was.
In 1924, M. I. Matusevich began teaching at Leningrad University, after she graduated from the Women's Pedagogical College in 1917
Institute, receiving a specialty in Russian literature, and in 1923 - Petrograd State University on the cycle of Romano-Germanic philology. During the Great Patriotic War, during the evacuation of Leningrad University in Saratov, M. I. Mat Usevich took over the leadership of the department of phonetics and teaching methods foreign languages and headed this department for more than twenty years. Margarita Ivanovna managed to gather dedicated, gifted young linguists at the department (sometimes straight from their student days); Through her efforts, thanks to her extraordinary organizational talent, immediately after the return of the university to Leningrad in 1944, the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics began to be revived, where phonetic research began using the methods that existed at that time, and subsequently all new technical capabilities of instrumental- phonetic analysis.
M. I. Matusevich
Meeting of the Department of Phonetics dedicated to the end school year(“Sweet Pulpit”). In the first row: Lev Rafailovich Zinder, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich, Elizaveta Yakovlevna Antipova, Berta Yanovna Khaskina. In the second row: Maria Grigorievna Kravchenko, Boris Vasilievich Bratus, Irina Vladimirovna Bratus, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Steinhardt, Maria Abramovna Willer. Mid 1950s
M. I. Matusevich attached great importance to expanding the phonetic horizons of young linguists, the ability to use auditory analysis, on the basis of which all classical studies were based and which has not lost its importance in our days. Possessing excellent phonetic hearing, Margarita Ivanovna led a seminar on auditory analysis of phonetic structure for many years different languages(Albanian, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Vietnamese, Georgian, Ket, Chinese, Lezgin, Lithuanian, Mongolian, Telugu, Uzbek, Khakass, Even, Yakut, etc.). These seminars were attended, often year after year, not only by students, but also by teachers and established researchers.
Many linguists who specialized in various fields of linguistics and now live and work in different cities of the former Soviet Union (Moscow, Kiev, Tyumen, Irkutsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Yakutsk, Baku) and abroad, completed phonetic school during these classes, and the results of auditory analysis were widely used by seminar participants in their articles, books and dissertations.
M. I. Matusevich and Kyiv phoneticians. Sitting: Lev Rafailovich Zinder, Irina Petrovna Suntsova, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. Standing (from left to right): Tamara Stepanovna Mishchenko, Eleonora Ivanovna Lysenko, Nina Ivanovna Totskaya, Larisa Georgievna Skalozub. 1964 Kyiv
The role of M. I. Matusevich in the training of young scientific researchers is great. Throughout her entire work at Leningrad State University, Margarita Ivanovna led theses students, representing completely original, albeit small, experimental phonetic studies. Under the guidance of M. I. Matusevich, dissertations on the phonetics of Russian, French, Yakut, Indonesian and other languages were completed.
M. I. Matusevich's scientific interests lay in the field of general phonetics, phonetics of the Russian and French languages. One of her first published works was “Terminological reference book on phonetics” (1934). The main provisions of the general phonetic theory, based on the ideas of L. V. Shcherba, are outlined by M. I. Matusevich in textbook“Introduction to General Phonetics”, which went through three editions (1st in 1941, 3rd in 1959) and for several decades was a reference book for many linguists. This book explains in a simple and clear form the most important principles of general phonetics. The main attention is paid to the classification and description of speech sounds. M. I. Matusevich shows that the construction of classification tables of vowels and consonants follows from the main articulatory differences between these types of sounds; emphasizes the need to take into account, first of all, the active organ when classifying consonants. This approach, in contrast to the widespread one - indicating the place of articulation, makes it possible to create a truly universal and completely consistent classification of consonants. Numerous diagrams show the articulation of the vowels and consonants described in the book, for all of them examples are given from different languages of the world. Attention is also paid to the relationship between sound and writing (for languages with sound writing); The concepts of alphabet, graphics and spelling are defined, and the basic principles of spelling are briefly analyzed using material from different languages.
This small but very informative book played an extremely important role in disseminating phonetic knowledge among philologists of various specialties. It was later published by phototype in China.
Margarita Ivanovna’s article “L. V. Shcherba as a phonetician" in the collection "In Memory of Academician Lev Vladimirovich Shcherba" (1951). It examines the principles of articulatory description of vowels and consonants formulated by L. V. Shcherba, which makes it possible to create their universal classification, more consistent than in Western European schools (the corresponding tables are given here), and Shcherba’s theory of syllable division, according to which the syllabic boundary was determined by the weakening of muscle tension articulating organs. Several articles devoted to the phonetic views of L. V. Shcherba were written by Margarita Ivanovna in collaboration with Lev Rafailovich Zinder (On the history of the doctrine of the phoneme // Izvestia OLYA AN USSR. 1953; L. V. Shcherba // Russian speech. 1965, etc. .).
A number of issues of phonological theory were raised by Margarita Ivanovna in very informative notes to the 3rd (1948) and 4th (1953) editions of “Phonetics of the French Language” by L. V. Shcherba, published after the death of the author of the book. M. I. Matusevich not only interprets the sometimes not entirely clear provisions of L. V. Shcherba, but often does not agree with him. Particularly important here are discussions about the phonological interpretation of fluent [ə], about the relationship between phonemes and, about the nature of articulation of a number of French vowels.
Later, for the 2nd edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Margarita Ivanovna wrote a number of articles that interpret the concepts and terms of general phonetics.
Several works by M. I. Matusevich are devoted to the phonetics of the Russian language, which she studied throughout her life. After the death of L.V. Shcherba, M.I. Matusevich completed the section “Phonetics” that he had begun in Volume I of the academic “Grammar of the Russian Language” (1952), where the phonemes of the Russian language are briefly described, and diagrams of the position of the tongue are given for all vowels and almost all consonants , their main implementations in different phonetic positions are indicated, and the main phonetic alternations are listed. The section ends with a detailed table of rules for reading individual letters and letter combinations and examples of text transcription, phonetic and phonemic, where the main allophones are indicated. A year later, in 1958, her brochure dedicated to Russian orthoepic “Russian Literary Pronunciation” was published. In it, Margarita Ivanovna dwells mainly on the pronunciation of consonants: the need or only the possibility of implementing soft consonants in biconsonant combinations is considered ( st, tn, dl, ns etc.) before [e] and before [j], and for some words the use of the first soft consonant is assessed as obsolete; the pronunciation of a number of verb forms is analyzed; attention is paid to the sound of the endings of adjectives - kiy, -giy, -hiy; Much space is devoted to the pronunciation of hard and soft consonants in borrowed words. All these observations and recommendations are still of interest today, as they provide material for judging changes in pronunciation norms over the decades.
The results of instrumental studies of Russian pronunciation are reflected in the “Album of articulations of sounds of the Russian language” (1963), created by Margarita Ivanovna together with her student N. A. Lyubimova. It contains tongue position diagrams (derived from x-rays) for the most important realizations of all vowel and consonant phonemes and photographs of lip positions accompanied by brief description sounds. This “Album” is addressed primarily to foreigners studying Russian and to teachers of Russian as a foreign language, but is useful for everyone who is interested in Russian phonetics.
M. I. Matusevich in the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics at the kymograph
Especially for French students of the Russian language, M. I. Matusevich, in collaboration with N. A. Shigarevskaya, wrote the manual “Comment on prononce le russe” (“How to pronounce in Russian”) (M., 1962). The articulation of Russian vowels and consonants is described by constantly comparing them with French sounds, diagrams of the position of the tongue are given (for vowels - after hard and after soft consonants) and photographs of the position of the lips (front and profile), and small but very well selected exercises are intended for training pronunciation of vowel allophones of all phonemes. Alien ones are specially considered French phonetic phenomena: phonetic alternations of vowels and consonants, pronunciation of certain groups of consonants. The manual ends with a small selection of poetic and prose texts that contain the greatest phonetic difficulties for the French. The method of presenting the material used in this book can serve as a model for creating similar textbooks for speakers of other languages.
In the same year, in the Scientific Notes of the Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute named after. A.I. Herzen Margarita Ivanovna published the article “Shades of Russian stressed vowels,” which describes the implementation of vowel phonemes in the vicinity of hard and soft consonants.
The result of M. I. Matusevich’s long-term research in the field of Russian phonetics was her monograph “Phonetics” in the series “Modern Russian Language” (M.: Prosveshchenie, 1976). This book is written based on the course materials that Margarita Ivanovna taught at Leningrad University for more than twenty years. Considering phonological problems, M. I. Mat Usevich, in the traditions of the Shcherbov phonological school, analyzes the linguistic mechanisms of the linear division of the flow of speech into sounds, which is very important for understanding the nature of the phoneme and which is passed over in silence in other phonological schools. The reader also finds in the book a discussion of controversial issues of Russian phonetics - the phonological interpretation of [s] and long [sh:’], [zh:’], the possibility of implementing unstressed ones, . The main content of the book is a detailed and subtle phonetic description of the implementation of vowels and consonants in different phonetic conditions, their interaction in the flow of speech. As illustrations, there are drawings made on the basis of radiographic studies and showing the position of the articulating organs; for allophones of stressed and unstressed vowels, the values of the first and second formants are given. Of the intonation characteristics of Russian speech, melody is mainly considered; typical melodic schemes of sentences of different communicative types and certain types of syntagmas within a sentence (introductory syntagmas, enumeration) are presented, constructed on the basis of experimental studies. All this information has not lost its meaning today.
Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. Late 1970s
A number of works by M. I. Matusevich present the results of instrumental studies of the phonetic structure of other languages. Back in the late 30s, Margarita Ivanovna analyzed, using all the technical capabilities that existed at that time, the phoneme system of one of the dialects of the Evenki language. The results of these investigations were published only in 1960 in the “Essay on the system of phonemes of the Yerbo-Gochen dialect of the Evenki language based on experimental data,” which contains detailed description articulation of all consonants in different phonetic positions and the main allophones of vowels, illustrated by palatograms and kymographs. Already posthumously, a phonetic description of the sound composition of one of the dialects of the Even language, which M. I. Matusevich mastered brilliantly, was published (Sound composition of the Lamunkha dialect of the Even language // Sound structure of the language. M., 1979).
Several articles are devoted to describing the sound structure of the Bulgarian language. These works, written on the basis of instrumental data (x-rays, palatograms and spectrograms for vowels) taking into account the results of auditory analysis, contain a description of the articulation of Bulgarian sounds in the Tarnovo and Sofia dialects in comparison with the articulation of similar sounds in the Russian language. The material from these studies is of undoubted value for describing the sound structure of the Bulgarian language.
The scientific interests of M. I. Matusevich were not limited to phonetics. She was a co-author of L. V. Shcherba in compiling the “Russian-French Dictionary”, in which they found practical use principles of compiling bilingual translation dictionaries formulated by L. V. Shcherba. Later, after the death of L.V. Shcherba, Margarita Ivanovna repeatedly significantly supplemented the dictionary, which went through 13 editions (1st edition - 1937, last - 1994).
Margarita Ivanovna was not only a scientist, but also a gifted organizer and leader, a keeper of the traditions of intelligence and decency in work and in relationships between people.
The works of M. I. Matusevich and, especially, her pedagogical activities played a major role in the dissemination of phonetic knowledge and in the expansion of experimental phonetic research. Margarita Ivanovna’s graduate students were well-known specialists in general and Russian phonetics: L. V. Bondarko, M. M. Galeeva, L. V. Zlatoustova, I. M. Loginova, N. A. Lyubimova; novelists N. P. Karpov and N. A. Shigarevskaya; L.A. Verbitskaya and M.V. Gordina studied with her. Margarita Ivanovna supervised dissertation research on Yakut, Khakass and other languages of the peoples of Russia. Linguists of different generations, who were engaged in describing the little-studied languages of the peoples of the North and Siberia, always found good advice and support from Margarita Ivanovna.
Collection.
In memory of Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich (1895-1979). To the 120th anniversary of his birth
© St. Petersburg State University, 2017
* * *
M. I. Matusevich. Autobiography. Publication and notes by N. D. Svetozarova
In the personal archive of M. I. Matusevich, stored at the Department of Phonetics of St. Petersburg University, there is a text written by her, presumably dating back to the end of 1944. It contains information about Margarita Ivanovna’s family, her education, pedagogical, scientific and social activities. The original spelling and punctuation have been preserved.
Born in Leningrad in 1895. My father worked as an accountant. After the death of my father, who died in 1912, my mother worked as the head of the household at the Elenin Institute 1
Eleninsky Institute - since 1854 St. Petersburg Institute of St. Helena, Institute of Noble Maidens (Tserkovnaya St., 29). Founded in 1821 as a Mutual Training School on the Lancastrian system. Currently – school No. 77 (Blokhina St., 29).
Where I studied and where I graduated in 1912. In 1913, I graduated from the additional 8th grade of the Petrovskaya Women’s Gymnasium 2
Petrovskaya Women's Gymnasium - Petrovskaya Women's Gymnasium of the Department of Empress Maria (Plutalova St., 24). Founded in 1858 among the first schools for incoming girls, which were later transformed into gymnasiums. Currently – school No. 47 named after. D. S. Likhacheva.
And in the same year she entered the Women's Pedagogical Institute 3
Women's Pedagogical Institute - founded in St. Petersburg in 1903 as a higher educational institution of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria. In 1918 it was transformed into the 1st Petrograd Pedagogical Institute, in 1922 it was merged with the Petrograd Pedagogical Institute. Herzen (now Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen).
Which she graduated in 1918 in the Slavic-Russian department.
In 1919 she entered the Leningrad State University in the Romano-Germanic department and graduated<его>in 1923
I. Matusevich in childhood
M. I. Matusevich – high school student
M. I. Matusevich – student
Since 1919, she began working as a teacher of Russian language and literature at the Vocational School of the Okhtinsky district in Leningrad, then as a teacher and teacher at Boarding School No. 3, a teacher of French at Labor School No. 15, a teacher of Russian language and literature and German at the Textile Technical College (where she worked for 8 years), teacher of French at Phonetics courses 4
Phonetic courses - Phonetic courses of foreign languages, organized in 1924 on the initiative of L. V. Shcherba at Leningrad University.
At the first Leningrad courses of new languages and at the Phonetic Institute 5
Phonetic Institute - Phonetic Institute for the practical study of languages, founded in 1922 on the initiative of L. V. Shcherba and S. K. Boyanus. Director – I. E. Gillelson. The institute was located on the corner of Nevsky Prospekt (no. 13) and Bolshaya Morskaya Street (no. 9). Among the teachers of the institute were L. V. Shcherba, S. K. Boyanus, B. A. Krzhevsky, O. N. Nikonova. The Institute published collections of scientific articles “Russian Speech” (vol. 1, Pg., 1923), “Russian Speech. New episode"(L., 1927, issue 1; 1928, issue 2 and 3), in which many famous linguists took part. In 1926, the institute was transformed into the State Foreign Language Courses.
In 1925 she was enrolled as Len's assistant. state University in the department of general linguistics, then, after the formation of the department of phonetics and methods of teaching foreign languages, she became part of it. In October 1940 it was approved by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Higher School of Higher School 6
VKVSH - All-Union Committee of Higher School.
With the academic rank of associate professor in the department of phonetics and methods of teaching foreign languages. Since November 1941, she acted as the head of this department and in March 1943 she was approved in this position by order of the Higher High School of Higher School. Also in March 1943, she defended her dissertation and received the academic degree of Candidate of Philological Sciences.
During her stay at the University, she taught courses on general phonetics, phonetics of French and German languages, on French versification, on methods of teaching foreign languages and on methods of teaching phonetics. She also led seminars in all of these disciplines. In addition, she worked at the Department of Foreign Languages, where she taught classes in German and French in undergraduate and graduate groups. For several years she was the head of the French section of the Department of Foreign Languages, and for the last four years - the French section of the Department of Romance Philology. From June 1942 to 1944 she served as secretary of the Academic Council of the Faculty of Philology.
M. I. Matusevich
She also worked part-time at the First and Second Leningrad Institutes of Foreign Languages, where she taught a course in phonetics of the French language and methods of teaching phonetics.
On the scientific research line, she carried out work mainly in the field of studying the phonetics of a number of little-studied languages of our peoples of the North. The result of this work is research on the phonetics of the Nivkh (Gilyak) language, published in 1936, the phonetics of the Udean language (ready for publication), the phonetics of the Even (Lamut) language, also ready for publication, the phonetics of the Evenki (Tungus) language, presented by as part of a dissertation, in print-ready form.
In the field of scientific and educational literature, a manual for universities “Introduction to General Phonetics” was written and was supposed to be published in 1941, but was delayed due to the blockade and was published in 1944. In addition, she was the executive editor of the books of Prof. L. V. Shcherba “Phonetics of the French language” (in two editions) and Assoc. O. N. Nikonova “Basics of German pronunciation.”
The second area in which I worked was lexicography. Here, together with prof. L. V. Shcherba compiled and published the “Russian-French Dictionary” (two editions) and the “Educational Russian-French Dictionary”. Currently I am working together with D. L. Shcherba on the third edition of the Russian-French dictionary.
Along the lines of defense work in 1941–42. carried out tasks of the Leningrad Military Geodetic Directorate for the translation of a number of special books, and in Saratov she worked in the Kharkov and Kyiv Cartographic units of the UVTS of the General Staff of the Red Army on the development of transcription systems and transcription geographical names foreign cards. IN given time I do similar work for the Cartographic Department in Leningrad.
From the beginning of the war until the evacuation, she was continuously a member of the MPVO team in Leningrad 7
LAMVO - local air defense.
Leningrad University.
In order to improve her ideological and political level, for two years (before the war) she was a student at the University of Marxism-Leninism.
In terms of social work, from November 1942 to November 1944 I performed the duties of chairman of the Trade Union Bureau of the Faculty of Philology.
M. V. Gordina. Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich (To the 100th anniversary of her birth) 8
The article was published in 1995 in the journal “Russian Language at School” (No. 6, pp. 97–100).
Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich, whose hundredth birthday is celebrated on December 14, was one of the most prominent specialists in the field of phonetics, a thoughtful researcher and gifted teacher, a tireless propagandist of the ideas of L. V. Shcherba, one of whose closest students she was.
In 1924, M. I. Matusevich began teaching at Leningrad University, after she graduated from the Women's Pedagogical College in 1917
Institute, receiving a specialty in Russian literature, and in 1923 - Petrograd State University in the cycle of Romance-Germanic philology. During the Great Patriotic War, during the evacuation of Leningrad University in Saratov, M. I. Mat Usevich took over the leadership of the department of phonetics and methods of teaching foreign languages and headed this department for more than twenty years. Margarita Ivanovna managed to gather dedicated, gifted young linguists at the department (sometimes straight from their student days); Through her efforts, thanks to her extraordinary organizational talent, immediately after the return of the university to Leningrad in 1944, the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics began to be revived, where phonetic research began using the methods that existed at that time, and subsequently all new technical capabilities of instrumental- phonetic analysis.
M. I. Matusevich
Meeting of the phonetics department dedicated to the end of the academic year (“Sweet Department”). In the first row: Lev Rafailovich Zinder, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich, Elizaveta Yakovlevna Antipova, Berta Yanovna Khaskina. In the second row: Maria Grigorievna Kravchenko, Boris Vasilievich Bratus, Irina Vladimirovna Bratus, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Steinhardt, Maria Abramovna Willer. Mid 1950s
M. I. Matusevich attached great importance to expanding the phonetic horizons of young linguists, the ability to use auditory analysis, on the basis of which all classical studies were based and which has not lost its importance in our days. Possessing excellent phonetic hearing, for many years Margarita Ivanovna led a seminar on auditory analysis of the phonetic structure of different languages (Albanian, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Vietnamese, Georgian, Ket, Chinese, Lezgin, Lithuanian, Mongolian, Telugu, Uzbek, Khakass, Even, Yakut and etc.). These seminars were attended, often year after year, not only by students, but also by teachers and established researchers.
Many linguists who specialized in various fields of linguistics and now live and work in different cities of the former Soviet Union (Moscow, Kiev, Tyumen, Irkutsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Yakutsk, Baku) and abroad, completed phonetic school during these classes, and the results of auditory analysis were widely used by seminar participants in their articles, books and dissertations.
M. I. Matusevich and Kyiv phoneticians. Sitting: Lev Rafailovich Zinder, Irina Petrovna Suntsova, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. Standing (from left to right): Tamara Stepanovna Mishchenko, Eleonora Ivanovna Lysenko, Nina Ivanovna Totskaya, Larisa Georgievna Skalozub. 1964 Kyiv
The role of M. I. Matusevich in the training of young scientific researchers is great. Throughout her entire work at Leningrad State University, Margarita Ivanovna supervised students’ theses, which were completely original, albeit small, experimental phonetic studies. Under the guidance of M. I. Matusevich, dissertations on the phonetics of Russian, French, Yakut, Indonesian and other languages were completed.
M. I. Matusevich's scientific interests lay in the field of general phonetics, phonetics of the Russian and French languages. One of her first published works was “Terminological reference book on phonetics” (1934). The main provisions of general phonetic theory, based on the ideas of L. V. Shcherba, are set out by M. I. Matusevich in the textbook “Introduction to General Phonetics”, which went through three editions (1st in 1941). 9
The book was prepared for publication in 1941, but due to the war, the book was published only in 1944.
3rd in 1959) and for several decades was a reference book for many linguists. This book explains in a simple and clear form the most important principles of general phonetics. The main attention is paid to the classification and description of speech sounds. M. I. Matusevich shows that the construction of classification tables of vowels and consonants follows from the main articulatory differences between these types of sounds; emphasizes the need to take into account, first of all, the active organ when classifying consonants. This approach, in contrast to the widespread one - indicating the place of articulation, makes it possible to create a truly universal and completely consistent classification of consonants. Numerous diagrams show the articulation of the vowels and consonants described in the book, for all of them examples are given from different languages of the world. Attention is also paid to the relationship between sound and writing (for languages with sound writing); The concepts of alphabet, graphics and spelling are defined, and the basic principles of spelling are briefly analyzed using material from different languages.
This small but very informative book played an extremely important role in the dissemination of phonetic knowledge among philologists of various specialties. It was later published by phototype in China.
Margarita Ivanovna’s article “L. V. Shcherba as a phonetician" in the collection "In Memory of Academician Lev Vladimirovich Shcherba" (1951). It examines the principles of articulatory description of vowels and consonants formulated by L. V. Shcherba, which makes it possible to create their universal classification, more consistent than in Western European schools (the corresponding tables are given here), and Shcherba’s theory of syllable division, according to which the syllabic boundary was determined by the weakening of muscle tension articulating organs. Several articles devoted to the phonetic views of L. V. Shcherba were written by Margarita Ivanovna in collaboration with Lev Rafailovich Zinder (On the history of the doctrine of the phoneme // Izvestia OLYA AN USSR. 1953; L. V. Shcherba // Russian speech. 1965, etc. .).
A number of issues of phonological theory were raised by Margarita Ivanovna in very informative notes to the 3rd (1948) and 4th (1953) editions of “Phonetics of the French Language” by L. V. Shcherba, published after the death of the author of the book. M. I. Matusevich not only interprets the sometimes not entirely clear provisions of L. V. Shcherba, but often does not agree with him. Particularly important here are discussions about the phonological interpretation of fluent [?], about the relationship between phonemes And
Later, for the 2nd edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Margarita Ivanovna wrote a number of articles that interpret the concepts and terms of general phonetics.
Several works by M. I. Matusevich are devoted to the phonetics of the Russian language, which she studied throughout her life. After the death of L.V. Shcherba, M.I. Matusevich completed the section “Phonetics” that he had begun in Volume I of the academic “Grammar of the Russian Language” (1952), where the phonemes of the Russian language are briefly described, and diagrams of the position of the tongue are given for all vowels and almost all consonants , their main implementations in different phonetic positions are indicated, and the main phonetic alternations are listed. The section ends with a detailed table of rules for reading individual letters and letter combinations and examples of text transcription, phonetic and phonemic, where the main allophones are indicated. A year later, in 1958, her brochure dedicated to Russian orthoepic “Russian Literary Pronunciation” was published. In it, Margarita Ivanovna dwells mainly on the pronunciation of consonants: the need or only the possibility of implementing soft consonants in biconsonant combinations is considered ( st, tn, dl, ns etc.) before [e] and before [j], and for some words the use of the first soft consonant is assessed as obsolete; the pronunciation of a number of verb forms is analyzed; attention is paid to the sound of the endings of adjectives - kiy, -giy, -hiy; Much space is devoted to the pronunciation of hard and soft consonants in borrowed words. All these observations and recommendations are still of interest today, as they provide material for judging changes in pronunciation norms over the decades.
The results of instrumental studies of Russian pronunciation are reflected in the “Album of articulations of sounds of the Russian language” (1963), created by Margarita Ivanovna together with her student N. A. Lyubimova. It contains tongue position diagrams (derived from x-rays) for the most important realizations of all vowel and consonant phonemes and photographs of lip positions accompanied by brief descriptions of the sounds. This “Album” is addressed primarily to foreigners studying Russian and to teachers of Russian as a foreign language, but is useful for everyone who is interested in Russian phonetics.
M. I. Matusevich in the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics at the kymograph
Especially for French students of the Russian language, M. I. Matusevich, in collaboration with N. A. Shigarevskaya, wrote the manual “Comment on prononce le russe” (“How to pronounce in Russian”) (M., 1962). The articulation of Russian vowels and consonants is described by constantly comparing them with French sounds, diagrams of the position of the tongue are given (for vowels - after hard and after soft consonants) and photographs of the position of the lips (front and profile), and small but very well selected exercises are intended for training pronunciation of vowel allophones of all phonemes. Phonetic phenomena alien to the French language are specially considered: phonetic alternations of vowels and consonants, the pronunciation of certain groups of consonants. The manual ends with a small selection of poetic and prose texts that contain the greatest phonetic difficulties for the French. The method of presenting the material used in this book can serve as a model for creating similar textbooks for speakers of other languages.
In the same year, in the Scientific Notes of the Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute named after. A.I. Herzen Margarita Ivanovna published the article “Shades of Russian stressed vowels,” which describes the implementation of vowel phonemes in the vicinity of hard and soft consonants.
The result of M. I. Matusevich’s long-term research in the field of Russian phonetics was her monograph “Phonetics” in the series “Modern Russian Language” (M.: Prosveshchenie, 1976). This book is written based on the course materials that Margarita Ivanovna taught at Leningrad University for more than twenty years. Considering phonological problems, M. I. Mat Usevich, in the traditions of the Shcherbov phonological school, analyzes the linguistic mechanisms of the linear division of the flow of speech into sounds, which is very important for understanding the nature of the phoneme and which is passed over in silence in other phonological schools. The reader also finds in the book a discussion of controversial issues of Russian phonetics - the phonological interpretation of [s] and long [sh:’], [zh:’], the possibility of implementing unstressed
Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. Late 1970s
A number of works by M. I. Matusevich present the results of instrumental studies of the phonetic structure of other languages. Back in the late 30s, Margarita Ivanovna analyzed, using all the technical capabilities that existed at that time, the phoneme system of one of the dialects of the Evenki language. The results of these investigations were published only in 1960 in the “Essay on the phoneme system of the Yerbo-Gochen dialect of the Evenki language based on experimental data,” which contains a detailed description of the articulation of all consonants in different phonetic positions and the main allophones of vowels, illustrated by palatograms and kymograms. Already posthumously, a phonetic description of the sound composition of one of the dialects of the Even language, which M. I. Matusevich mastered brilliantly, was published (Sound composition of the Lamunkha dialect of the Even language // Sound structure of the language. M., 1979).
Several articles are devoted to describing the sound structure of the Bulgarian language. These works, written on the basis of instrumental data (x-rays, palatograms and spectrograms for vowels) taking into account the results of auditory analysis, contain a description of the articulation of Bulgarian sounds in the Tarnovo and Sofia dialects in comparison with the articulation of similar sounds in the Russian language. The material from these studies is of undoubted value for describing the sound structure of the Bulgarian language.
The scientific interests of M. I. Matusevich were not limited to phonetics. She was a co-author of L. V. Shcherba in the compilation of the “Russian-French Dictionary”, in which the principles of compiling bilingual translation dictionaries formulated by L. V. Shcherba found practical application. Later, after the death of L.V. Shcherba, Margarita Ivanovna repeatedly significantly supplemented the dictionary, which went through 13 editions (1st edition - 1937, last - 1994).
Margarita Ivanovna was not only a scientist, but also a gifted organizer and leader, a keeper of the traditions of intelligence and decency in work and in relationships between people.
The works of M. I. Matusevich and, especially, her pedagogical activities played a major role in the dissemination of phonetic knowledge and in the expansion of experimental phonetic research. Margarita Ivanovna’s graduate students were well-known specialists in general and Russian phonetics: L. V. Bondarko, M. M. Galeeva, L. V. Zlatoustova, I. M. Loginova, N. A. Lyubimova; novelists N. P. Karpov and N. A. Shigarevskaya; L.A. Verbitskaya and M.V. Gordina studied with her. Margarita Ivanovna supervised dissertation research on Yakut, Khakass and other languages of the peoples of Russia. Linguists of different generations, who were engaged in describing the little-studied languages of the peoples of the North and Siberia, always found good advice and support from Margarita Ivanovna. Many phoneticians who studied under Margarita Ivanovna during their undergraduate or graduate studies retain a grateful memory of their teacher.
L. A. Verbitskaya. Margarita Ivanovna, teacher and friend
In 1954, after finishing my first year, I was transferred from Lviv University to ours, St. Petersburg. The topic of the first-year course work was the problems of Russian accent, and that is why I immediately went to the Russian language department to get advice on what I should do next.
The seminar on coursework was led by Vera Fedorovna Ivanova, a young, bright, lively woman. She immediately told me that my place was in the phonetics department.
That same day I crossed the yard of the philology department, entered a cozy outbuilding and found myself in amazing world: nice, friendly people, attention to everyone and a physically tangible creative process.
Laboratory assistant of the department Nadezhda Mikhailovna 10
Nadezhda Mikhailovna Shteingardt(1905–1991), worked at Leningrad University in 1937–1960.
She invited me to the office of the manager, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. This is how my first meeting with Margarita Ivanovna took place. Then it was difficult to imagine how much this amazing woman, a wise leader, a unique specialist and simply a kind, sincere person, would mean in my life.
Margarita Ivanovna asked to talk about Lvov University, about the course “Introduction to Linguistics”, about course work. She advised me to immediately enroll in a special seminar on experimental phonetic research methods, about which I knew nothing, since the laboratory of experimental phonetics was only at Leningrad University, and precisely because Lev Vladimirovich Shcherba, who founded it, worked here.
Academic degree: Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences
Academic title: Professor
participant of the encyclopedia "Famous Scientists"
09.1953 – 06.1958 Tomsk Polytechnic Institute – student;
06.1958 – 03.1965 Tomsk Polytechnic Institute – engineer, graduate student;
03.1965 – 08.1971 ZapSibNIGNI (Tyumen) – head of the laboratory;
09.1971 – 08.1975 Tyumen Industrial Institute - head. department, dean, vice-rector;
09.1975 – 08.1980 Ukhta Industrial Institute – rector;
09.1980 - present Tyumen State Oil and Gas University - head. Department of Hydrogeological and Engineering-Geological Surveys.
Topic of the candidate's dissertation: “Study of the formation chemical composition waters of faults in connection with the search for ore deposits using the hydrogeochemical method" (Tomsk, 1964).
Topic of doctoral dissertation: “Geochemistry of groundwater in the West Siberian oil and gas basin” (Tyumen, 1971).
Scientific specialization: oil and gas and oil and gas field hydrogeology.
Courses taught: hydrogeology, oil and gas field hydrogeology, oil and gas hydrogeology, introduction to the specialty.
Honorary title "Honored Worker of Science and Technology" Russian Federation", "Honored Worker of the Gas Industry", has two scientific discoveries in the field of exploratory hydrogeochemistry.
Awarded: Order: “For contribution to the development of the mining and geological service of Russia”,
medals: For the development of the fuel and energy complex of Western Siberia; For labor valor; medal named after Obruchev, medal “Veteran of Labor”; VDNKh bronze medal for the textbook; Muravlenko medal; 300th anniversary of the Russian Mining and Geological Service;
Kosukhin medal.
Chairman of the Dissertation Council for the Award of Doctoral and Candidate's Degrees of the Tyumen State Oil and Gas University.
Main publications:
1. Geochemistry of groundwater in the West Siberian oil and gas basin.-M.: “Nedra”, 1976, 157 p.
2. A.A.Kartsev, S.B.Vagin Hydrogeology of oil and gas basins (textbook). –M.: “Nedra”, 1986, 224 p.
Aa3. Yu.K.Smolentsev, V.S.Kuskovsky, S.N.Okhalin Hydro- and engineering-geological conditions of the southwest of the West Siberian Plain. – “Science” Novosibirsk, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1987, 128 p.
4. A.A.Kartsev, Yu.P.Gattenberg, L.M.Zorkin Theoretical basis oil and gas hydrogeology. M.: "Nedra", 1992.
5. G.P.Myasnikova, E.M.Maximov, A.M.Volkov, M.Pupilli Abnormal formation pressures in the West Siberian Mega-basin, Russia. – Petroleum Geosience, Vol. 3,1997, London.
Matusevich Vladimir Mikhailovich has awards:
 | DIPLOMA "Golden Chair of Russia" |
 | Honorary title "Honored Worker of Science and Education of the RAE" |
 | Member of the Internet encyclopedia "Scientists of Russia" |
 | Medal named after A. NOBEL |
 | Honorary title "Founder of a scientific school" |
| Gold medal "European Quality" ( Golden medal"European quality") | |
 | Order of LABORE ET SCIENTIA (LABORE AND KNOWLEDGE) |
 | Order of PRIMUS INTER PARES (FIRST AMONG EQUALS) |
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Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich(December 14 - February 23, buried at the Bogoslovskoe cemetery in St. Petersburg) - Soviet linguist, representative of the Leningrad phonological school, student of L. V. Shcherba.
Biography
In 1943, M. I. Matusevich defended her thesis for a candidate of philological sciences on the topic “Introduction to general phonetics with the application of the system of phonemes of the Yerbogochen dialect of the Evenki language based on experimental data.”
Bibliography
- Matusevich M. I. Introduction to general phonetics. - Ed. 3rd. - M., 1959.
- Shcherba L. V., Matusevich M. I. Russian-French dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969. - 839 p. - 110,000 copies.
- Matusevich M. I. Modern Russian language. Phonetics. - Ed. 3rd. - M., 1976.
- Zinder L. R., Matusevich M. I. . . (Retrieved May 31, 2010)
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An excerpt characterizing Matusevich, Margarita Ivanovna
Suddenly Esclarmonde screamed wildly... and at the same moment, in unison, the heart-rending cry of a baby was heard! A bright joy appeared on the haggard faces surrounding her. People laughed and cried, as if a long-awaited miracle had suddenly appeared to them! Although, probably, it was so?.. After all, a descendant of Magdalene, their beloved and revered guiding Star, was born into the world!.. A bright descendant of Radomir! It seemed that the people filling the hall had completely forgotten that at sunrise they would all go to the bonfire. Their joy was sincere and proud, like a stream of fresh air in the vastness of Occitania scorched by fires! Taking turns welcoming the newborn, they, smiling happily, left the hall until only Esclarmonde’s parents and her husband, the person she loved most in the world, remained around.With happy, sparkling eyes, the young mother looked at the boy, unable to utter a word. She understood perfectly well that these moments would be very short, since, wanting to protect his newborn son, his father would have to immediately pick him up in order to try to escape from the fortress before morning. Before his unfortunate mother goes to the stake with the others....
- Thank you!.. Thank you for your son! – Svetozar whispered without hiding the tears rolling down his tired face. - My bright-eyed joy... come with me! We will all help you! I can't lose you! He doesn’t know you yet!.. Your son doesn’t know how kind and beautiful his mother is! Come with me, Esclarmonde!..
He begged her, knowing in advance what the answer would be. He simply couldn't leave her to die. After all, everything was calculated so perfectly!.. Monsegur surrendered, but asked for two weeks, supposedly to prepare for death. In reality, they were waiting for the appearance of the descendant of Magdalena and Radomir. And they calculated that after his appearance, Esclarmonde would have enough time to get stronger. But, apparently, they say correctly: “we assume, but fate disposes”... So she made cruel decisions... allowing the newborn to be born only on the last night. Esclarmonde did not have the strength to go with them. And now she was going to end her short, not yet lived life at the terrible bonfire of the “heretics”...
The Pereyls hugged each other and sobbed. They so wanted to save their beloved, bright girl!.. They so wanted her to live!
My throat tightened - how familiar this story was!.. They had to see how their daughter would die in the flames of the fire. Just as I will apparently have to watch the death of my beloved Anna...
The Perfect Ones appeared in the stone hall again - it was time to say goodbye. Esclarmonde screamed and tried to get out of bed. Her legs gave way, not wanting to hold her... Her husband grabbed her, not letting her fall, squeezing her tightly in the last hug.
“You see, my love, how can I go with you?” Esclarmonde whispered quietly. - You go! Promise that you will save him. Promise me please! I will love you there too... And my son.
Esclarmonde burst into tears... She so wanted to look courageous and strong!.. But her fragile and tender woman’s heart let her down... She didn’t want them to leave!.. She didn’t even have time to recognize her little Vidomir! It was much more painful than she had naively imagined. It was pain from which there was no escape. She was in such inhuman pain!!!
