Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich, whose hundredth birthday is celebrated on December 14, was one of the most prominent specialists in the field of phonetics, a thoughtful researcher and a gifted teacher, a tireless propagandist of the ideas of L. V. Shcherba, to the number of whose closest students she belonged.
In 1924, M. I. Matusevich began teaching at Leningrad University, after she graduated from the Women's Pedagogical
institute, having received the specialty of a Russian language specialist, and in 1923 - Petrograd State University in the cycle of Romano-Germanic philology. During the years of the Great Patriotic War, during the stay of the Leningrad University in the evacuation in Saratov, M. I. Matusevich took over the leadership of the Department of Phonetics and Teaching Methods foreign languages and headed this department for more than twenty years. Margarita Ivanovna managed to gather dedicated, gifted young linguists at the department (sometimes right from the student bench); Thanks to her efforts, thanks to her outstanding organizational talent, immediately after the university returned to Leningrad in 1944, the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics began to revive, where phonetic studies began using the methods that existed at that time, and later on, all new technical capabilities of instrumental and phonetic analysis.
M. I. Matusevich
Meeting of the Department of Phonetics, dedicated to the end school year("Sweet pulpit"). Front row: Lev Rafailovich Zinder, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich, Elizaveta Yakovlevna Antipova, Berta Yanovna Khaskina. In the second row: Maria Grigorievna Kravchenko, Boris Vasilievich Bratus, Irina Vladimirovna Bratus, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Steinhardt, Maria Abramovna Viller. Mid 1950s
M. I. Matusevich attached great importance to the expansion of the phonetic horizons of young linguists, the ability to use auditory analysis, on the basis of which all classical studies were built and which has not lost its significance even today. Possessing excellent phonetic hearing, Margarita Ivanovna for many years led a seminar on auditory analysis of phonetic structure different languages(Albanian, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Vietnamese, Georgian, Ket, Chinese, Lezgi, Lithuanian, Mongolian, Telugu, Uzbek, Khakass, Even, Yakut, etc.). These seminars were attended, often from year to year, not only by students, but also by teachers and established researchers.
Many linguists who have specialized in various fields of linguistics and now live and work in various cities of the former Soviet Union (in Moscow, Kiev, Tyumen, Irkutsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Yakutsk, Baku) and abroad, went through phonetic school during these classes, and the results of auditory analysis were widely used by the participants of the seminars in their articles, books and dissertations.
M. I. Matusevich and Kyiv phoneticians. Seated: Lev Rafailovich Zinder, Irina Petrovna Suntsova, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. Standing (from left to right): Tamara Stepanovna Mishchenko, Eleonora Ivanovna Lysenko, Nina Ivanovna Totskaya, Larisa Georgievna Skalozub. 1964 Kyiv
The role of MI Matusevich in the training of young scientific researchers is great. Throughout her work at Leningrad State University, Margarita Ivanovna supervised theses students, which were quite original, albeit small, experimental phonetic studies. Under the guidance of M. I. Matusevich, dissertations on the phonetics of Russian, French, Yakut, Indonesian and other languages were completed.
Scientific interests of M. I. Matusevich lay in the field of general phonetics, phonetics of the Russian and French languages. One of her first published works was "Terminological guide to phonetics" (1934). The main provisions of the general phonetic theory, based on the ideas of L. V. Shcherba, are set forth by M. I. Matusevich in study guide"Introduction to General Phonetics", which went through three editions (1st in 1941, 3rd in 1959) and for several decades has been a reference book for many linguists. In this book, in a simple and clear form, the main provisions of general phonetics are explained. The main attention is paid to the classification and description of speech sounds. M. I. Matusevich shows that the construction of classification tables for vowels and consonants follows from the main articulatory differences between these types of sounds; emphasizes the need to take into account, first of all, the active acting organ when classifying consonants. This approach, in contrast to the widespread one - with an indication of the place of articulation, allows you to create a truly universal and quite consistent classification of consonants. Numerous diagrams show the articulation of the vowels and consonants described in the book, for all of which examples are given from different languages of the world. Attention is also paid to the correlation of sound and writing (for languages with sound writing); the concepts of the alphabet, graphics and spelling are defined, the basic principles of spelling are briefly analyzed on the basis of different languages.
This small but very informative book played extremely important role in the dissemination of phonetic knowledge among philologists of various specialties. It was later phototyped in China.
The article by Margarita Ivanovna “L. V. Shcherba as a Phonetician” in the collection “In Memory of Academician Lev Vladimirovich Shcherba” (1951). It discusses the principles of the articulatory description of vowels and consonants formulated by L. V. Shcherba, which make it possible to create their universal classification, more consistent than in Western European schools (the corresponding tables are given right there), and Shcherbov's theory of syllable division, according to which the syllabic boundary was determined by the weakening of muscle tension articulating organs. Several articles devoted to the phonetic views of L. V. Shcherba were written by Margarita Ivanovna in collaboration with Lev Rafailovich Zinder (On the history of the doctrine of the phoneme // Izv. OLYA AN USSR. 1953; L. V. Shcherba // Russian speech. 1965 and others .).
A number of issues of phonological theory are touched upon by Margarita Ivanovna in very meaningful notes to the 3rd (1948) and 4th (1953) editions of L. V. Shcherba's Phonetics of the French Language, which were published after the death of the author of the book. M. I. Matusevich not only interprets the sometimes not entirely clear positions of L. V. Shcherba, but often does not agree with him. Particularly important here are discussions about the phonological interpretation of fluent [ə], about the correlation of phonemes and, on the nature of the articulation of a number of French vowels.
Later, for the 2nd edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Margarita Ivanovna wrote a number of articles in which the concepts and terms of general phonetics are interpreted.
Several works by M. I. Matusevich are devoted to the phonetics of the Russian language, which she studied throughout her life. After the death of L. V. Shcherba, M. I. Matusevich completed the section “Phonetics” he had begun in the first volume of the academic “Grammar of the Russian Language” (1952), which briefly describes the phonemes of the Russian language, gives language position schemes for all vowels and almost all consonants , their main implementations in different phonetic positions are indicated, the main phonetic alternations are listed. The section ends with a detailed table of rules for reading individual letters and letter combinations and samples of text transcription, phonetic and phonemic, where the main allophones are indicated. A year later, in 1958, her brochure on Russian orthoepy "Russian Literary Pronunciation" was published. In it, Margarita Ivanovna dwells mainly on the pronunciation of consonants: the necessity or only the possibility of implementing soft consonants in two-consonant combinations is considered ( st, tn, dl, ns etc.) before [e] and before [j], and for some words the use of the first soft consonant is assessed as obsolete; the pronunciation of a number of verb forms is analyzed; attention is drawn to the sound of the endings of adjectives - cue, -hy, -hy; much space is given to the pronunciation of hard and soft consonants in loanwords. All these observations and recommendations are still of interest today, as they provide material for judging changes in the pronunciation norm over the decades.
The results of instrumental studies of Russian pronunciation are reflected in the Album of Articulations of the Sounds of the Russian Language (1963), created by Margarita Ivanovna together with her student N. A. Lyubimova. It contains tongue position charts (made from x-rays) for the most important realizations of all vowel and consonant phonemes, and photographs of lip positions, accompanied by brief description sounds. This "Album" is addressed primarily to foreigners studying Russian, and to teachers of Russian as a foreign language, but it is useful for everyone who is interested in Russian phonetics.
M. I. Matusevich at the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics at the kymograph
Especially for the French who study Russian, M. I. Matusevich, in collaboration with N. A. Shigarevskaya, wrote the manual “Comment on prononce le russe” (“How to pronounce in Russian”) (M., 1962). The articulation of Russian vowels and consonants is described by constantly comparing them with French sounds, diagrams of the position of the tongue are given (for vowels - after hard and after soft consonants) and photographs of the position of the lips (face and profile), and small, but very well-chosen exercises are designed for training pronunciation of vowel allophones of all phonemes. Alien French phonetic phenomena: phonetic alternations of vowels and consonants, pronunciation of some groups of consonants. The manual ends with a small selection of poetic and prose texts containing the greatest phonetic difficulties for the French. The method of presenting the material used in this book can serve as a model for creating similar textbooks for speakers of other languages.
In the same year, in the Scientific Notes of the Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute im. A. I. Gertsen Margarita Ivanovna published an article “Shades of Russian stressed vowels”, which describes the implementation of vowel phonemes in the vicinity of hard and soft consonants.
The result of M. I. Matusevich’s long-term research in the field of Russian phonetics was her monograph “Phonetics” in the series “Modern Russian Language” (M .: Education, 1976). This book was written based on the materials of the course that Margarita Ivanovna taught for more than twenty years at Leningrad University. Considering phonological problems, M. I. Matusevich, in the tradition of the Shcherbov phonological school, analyzes the linguistic mechanisms of the linear division of the speech stream into sounds, which is very important for understanding the nature of the phoneme and which is passed over in silence in other phonological schools. The reader finds in the book a discussion of the controversial issues of Russian phonetics - the phonological interpretation of [s] and long [w: '], [zh: '], the possibility of implementing unstressed, . The main content of the book is a detailed and subtle phonetic description of the implementation of vowels and consonants in different phonetic conditions, their interaction in the flow of speech. As illustrations, drawings are given, made on the basis of radiographic studies and showing the position of the articulating organs; for allophones of stressed and unstressed vowels, the values of the first and second formants are given. Of the intonation characteristics of Russian speech, it is mainly melodics that are considered; typical melodic schemes of sentences of different communicative types and certain types of syntagmas within a sentence (introductory syntagmas, enumeration) are presented, built on the basis of experimental studies. All this information has not lost its significance even today.
Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. Late 1970s
In a number of works by M. I. Matusevich, the results of instrumental studies of the phonetic structure of other languages are presented. Back in the late 1930s, Margarita Ivanovna analyzed, using all the technical capabilities that existed at that time, the system of phonemes of one of the dialects of the Evenki language. The results of these researches were published only in 1960 in the “Essay on the system of phonemes of the Erbo-Gochen dialect of the Evenk language based on experimental data”, which contains detailed description articulation of all consonants in different phonetic positions and the main allophones of vowels, illustrated by palatograms and kymograms. Already posthumously, a phonetic description of the sound composition of one of the dialects of the Even language was published, which M. I. Matusevich brilliantly mastered (Sound composition of the Lamunkha dialect of the Even language // Sound structure of the language. M., 1979).
Several articles are devoted to the description of the sound structure of the Bulgarian language. These works, written on the basis of instrumental data (X-rays, palatograms and spectrograms for vowels), taking into account the results of auditory analysis, contain a description of the articulation of Bulgarian sounds in the Tarnovo and Sofia dialects in comparison with the articulation of similar sounds of the Russian language. The material of these studies is of undoubted value for describing the sound structure of the Bulgarian language.
The scientific interests of M. I. Matusevich were not limited to phonetics. She was a co-author of L. V. Shcherba in compiling the Russian-French Dictionary, in which they found practical use principles of compiling bilingual translation dictionaries formulated by L. V. Shcherba. Later, after the death of L.V. Shcherba, Margarita Ivanovna repeatedly significantly supplemented the dictionary, which went through 13 editions (1st edition - 1937, last - 1994).
Margarita Ivanovna was not only a scientist, but also a gifted organizer and leader, the keeper of the traditions of intelligence and decency in work and in relations between people.
The works of M. I. Matusevich and, especially, her pedagogical activity played a big role in the dissemination of phonetic knowledge and in the expansion of experimental phonetic research. Margarita Ivanovna's graduate students were well-known specialists in general and Russian phonetics: L. V. Bondarko, M. M. Galeeva, L. V. Zlatoustova, I. M. Loginova, N. A. Lyubimova; novelists N. P. Karpov and N. A. Shigarevskaya; L. A. Verbitskaya and M. V. Gordina studied under her. Margarita Ivanovna supervised dissertation research on Yakut, Khakass and other languages of the peoples of Russia. Linguists of different generations, who were engaged in describing the little-studied languages of the peoples of the North and Siberia, always found good advice and support from Margarita Ivanovna.
Collection.
In memory of Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich (1895-1979). To the 120th anniversary of the birth
© Saint Petersburg State University, 2017
* * *
M. I. Matusevich. Autobiography. Publication and notes by N. D. Svetozarova
In the personal archive of M. I. Matusevich, stored at the Department of Phonetics of St. Petersburg University, there is a text written by her by hand, presumably dating back to the end of 1944. It contains information about the family of Margarita Ivanovna, her education, pedagogical, scientific and social activities. The spelling and punctuation of the original has been retained.
Born in Leningrad in 1895. Father worked as an accountant. After the death of my father, who died in 1912, my mother worked as the head of household at the Eleninsky Institute 1
Eleninsky Institute - since 1854 St. Petersburg Institute of St. Helena, Institute of Noble Maidens (Tserkovnaya st., 29). Founded in 1821 as the School of Mutual Education according to the Lancaster system. Currently - school number 77 (Blokhina street, 29).
Where I studied and which I graduated in 1912. In 1913 I graduated from the additional 8th grade of the Petrovsky Women's Gymnasium 2
Petrovskaya female gymnasium - Petrovskaya female gymnasium of the department of Empress Maria (Plutalova st., 24). It was founded in 1858 as one of the first schools for new girls, which were later transformed into gymnasiums. Currently - school number 47 named after. D. S. Likhachev.
And entered the same year at the Women's Pedagogical Institute 3
Women's Pedagogical Institute - founded in St. Petersburg in 1903 as a higher educational institution of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria. In 1918 it was transformed into the 1st Petrograd Pedagogical Institute, in 1922 it was merged with the Petrograd Pedagogical Institute. Herzen (now the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A. I. Herzen).
Which she graduated in 1918 in the Slavic-Russian department.
In 1919 she entered the Leningrad State University in the Romano-Germanic department and graduated<его>in 1923
I. Matusevich in childhood
M. I. Matusevich - schoolgirl
M. I. Matusevich - student
Since 1919, she began working as a teacher of Russian language and literature at the Professional School of the Okhtinsky District in Leningrad, then as an educator and teacher at Boarding School No. 3, a teacher of French at Labor School No. 15, a teacher of Russian language and literature and German at the Textile College (where she worked for 8 years), teacher of French at Phonetic Courses 4
Phonetic courses - Phonetic courses of foreign languages, organized in 1924 on the initiative of L. V. Shcherba at the Leningrad University.
At the first Leningrad courses of new languages and at the Phonetic Institute 5
Phonetic Institute - Phonetic Institute for the practical study of languages, founded in 1922 on the initiative of L. V. Shcherba and S. K. Boyanus. Director - I. E. Gilelson. The Institute was located at the corner of Nevsky Prospekt (house 13) and Bolshaya Morskaya Street (house 9). Among the teachers of the institute were L. V. Shcherba, S. K. Boyanus, B. A. Krzhevsky, O. N. Nikonova. The Institute published collections of scientific articles “Russian speech” (vol. 1, Leningrad, 1923), “Russian speech. New episode”(L., 1927, issue 1; 1928, issue 2 and 3), in which many famous linguists took part. In 1926 the Institute was transformed into the State Foreign Language Courses.
In 1925, she was enlisted as an assistant to Len. state University in the Department of General Linguistics, then, after the formation of the Department of Phonetics and Methods of Teaching Foreign Languages, became part of it. In October 1940, it was approved by the Higher Attestation Commission of the All-Union Higher School of Economics 6
VKVSh - All-Union Committee of the Higher School.
In the academic rank of associate professor at the Department of Phonetics and Methods of Teaching Foreign Languages. From November 1941 she acted as the head of this department and in March 1943 she was approved in this position by order of the Higher Higher School of Economics. Also in March 1943 she defended her dissertation and received the degree of candidate of philological sciences.
During her stay at the University she gave courses in general phonetics, French phonetics and German, on French versification, on the methods of teaching foreign languages and on the methods of teaching phonetics. She also taught seminars in all the above disciplines. In addition, she worked at the Department of Foreign Languages, where she taught classes in German and French in undergraduate and postgraduate groups. For several years she was the head of the French section of the Department of Foreign Languages, and for the last four years she was the head of the French section of the Department of Romance Philology. From June 1942 to 1944 she acted as Secretary of the Academic Council of the Faculty of Philology.
M. I. Matusevich
She also worked part-time at the First and Second Leningrad Institutes of Foreign Languages, where she taught a course in phonetics of the French language and methods of teaching phonetics.
On the research line, she worked mainly in the field of studying the phonetics of a number of little-studied languages of our peoples of the North. The result of this work is research on the phonetics of the Nivkh (Gilyak) language, which was published in 1936, the phonetics of the Ude language (ready for printing), the phonetics of the Even (Lamut) language, also ready for printing, the phonetics of the Evenki (Tungus) presented, as part of the dissertation, ready for printing.
In the field of scientific and educational literature, a manual for universities "Introduction to General Phonetics" was written and was supposed to go out of print in 1941, but was delayed due to the blockade and was published in 1944. In addition, she was the executive editor of the books of prof. L. V. Shcherby "French Phonetics" (in two editions) and Assoc. O. N. Nikonova "Fundamentals of German pronunciation".
The second area in which I worked was lexicography. Here, together with Prof. L. V. Shcherboy compiled and published the Russian-French Dictionary (two editions) and the Educational Russian-French Dictionary. Now I am working with D. L. Shcherba on the third edition of the Russian-French dictionary.
In the line of defense work in 1941-42. performed tasks of the Leningrad Military Geodetic Directorate for the translation of a number of special books, and in Saratov worked in the Kharkov and Kyiv Cartographic Units of the UVTS of the Red Army General Staff to develop transcription and transcription systems geographical names foreign cards. IN given time I do similar work for the Cartographic Department in Leningrad.
From the beginning of the war until the evacuation, she was in Leningrad continuously a member of the MPVO team 7
MPVO - local air defense.
Leningrad University.
On the line of raising the ideological and political level for two years (before the war) she was a student at the University of Marxism-Leninism.
From November 1942 to November 1944, in the line of public work, I performed the duties of chairman of the Trade Union Bureau of the Faculty of Philology.
M. V. Gordina. Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich (To the 100th anniversary of the birth) 8
The article was published in 1995 in the journal Russian Language at School (No. 6, pp. 97–100).
Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich, whose hundredth birthday is celebrated on December 14, was one of the most prominent specialists in the field of phonetics, a thoughtful researcher and a gifted teacher, a tireless propagandist of the ideas of L. V. Shcherba, to the number of whose closest students she belonged.
In 1924, M. I. Matusevich began teaching at Leningrad University, after she graduated from the Women's Pedagogical
Institute, having received the specialty of a Russian language specialist, and in 1923 - Petrograd State University in the cycle of Romano-Germanic philology. During the Great Patriotic War, during the evacuation of Leningrad University in Saratov, M. I. Matusevich took over the leadership of the Department of Phonetics and Methods of Teaching Foreign Languages and headed this department for more than twenty years. Margarita Ivanovna managed to gather dedicated, gifted young linguists at the department (sometimes right from the student bench); Thanks to her efforts, thanks to her outstanding organizational talent, immediately after the university returned to Leningrad in 1944, the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics began to revive, where phonetic studies began using the methods that existed at that time, and later on, all new technical capabilities of instrumental and phonetic analysis.
M. I. Matusevich
Meeting of the Department of Phonetics, dedicated to the end of the academic year (“Sweet Department”). Front row: Lev Rafailovich Zinder, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich, Elizaveta Yakovlevna Antipova, Berta Yanovna Khaskina. In the second row: Maria Grigorievna Kravchenko, Boris Vasilievich Bratus, Irina Vladimirovna Bratus, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Steinhardt, Maria Abramovna Viller. Mid 1950s
M. I. Matusevich attached great importance to the expansion of the phonetic horizons of young linguists, the ability to use auditory analysis, on the basis of which all classical studies were built and which has not lost its significance even today. Possessing an excellent phonetic ear, Margarita Ivanovna for many years led a seminar on auditory analysis of the phonetic structure of different languages (Albanian, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Vietnamese, Georgian, Ket, Chinese, Lezgi, Lithuanian, Mongolian, Telugu, Uzbek, Khakass, Even, Yakut and etc.). These seminars were attended, often from year to year, not only by students, but also by teachers and established researchers.
Many linguists who have specialized in various fields of linguistics and now live and work in various cities of the former Soviet Union (in Moscow, Kiev, Tyumen, Irkutsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Yakutsk, Baku) and abroad, went through phonetic school during these classes, and the results of auditory analysis were widely used by the participants of the seminars in their articles, books and dissertations.
M. I. Matusevich and Kyiv phoneticians. Seated: Lev Rafailovich Zinder, Irina Petrovna Suntsova, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. Standing (from left to right): Tamara Stepanovna Mishchenko, Eleonora Ivanovna Lysenko, Nina Ivanovna Totskaya, Larisa Georgievna Skalozub. 1964 Kyiv
The role of MI Matusevich in the training of young scientific researchers is great. Throughout her work at Leningrad State University, Margarita Ivanovna supervised students' theses, which were quite original, albeit small, experimental phonetic studies. Under the guidance of M. I. Matusevich, dissertations on the phonetics of Russian, French, Yakut, Indonesian and other languages were completed.
Scientific interests of M. I. Matusevich lay in the field of general phonetics, phonetics of the Russian and French languages. One of her first published works was "Terminological guide to phonetics" (1934). The main provisions of the general phonetic theory, based on the ideas of L. V. Shcherba, are set forth by M. I. Matusevich in the textbook "Introduction to General Phonetics", which went through three editions (1st in 1941 9
The edition of the book was prepared for publication in 1941, but because of the war the book was published only in 1944.
3rd in 1959) and has been a reference book for many linguists for several decades. In this book, in a simple and clear form, the main provisions of general phonetics are explained. The main attention is paid to the classification and description of speech sounds. M. I. Matusevich shows that the construction of classification tables for vowels and consonants follows from the main articulatory differences between these types of sounds; emphasizes the need to take into account, first of all, the active acting organ when classifying consonants. This approach, in contrast to the widespread one - with an indication of the place of articulation, allows you to create a truly universal and quite consistent classification of consonants. Numerous diagrams show the articulation of the vowels and consonants described in the book, for all of which examples are given from different languages of the world. Attention is also paid to the correlation of sound and writing (for languages with sound writing); the concepts of the alphabet, graphics and spelling are defined, the basic principles of spelling are briefly analyzed on the basis of different languages.
This small but very informative book played an extremely important role in the dissemination of phonetic knowledge among philologists of various specialties. It was later phototyped in China.
The article by Margarita Ivanovna “L. V. Shcherba as a Phonetician” in the collection “In Memory of Academician Lev Vladimirovich Shcherba” (1951). It discusses the principles of the articulatory description of vowels and consonants formulated by L. V. Shcherba, which make it possible to create their universal classification, more consistent than in Western European schools (the corresponding tables are given right there), and Shcherbov's theory of syllable division, according to which the syllabic boundary was determined by the weakening of muscle tension articulating organs. Several articles devoted to the phonetic views of L. V. Shcherba were written by Margarita Ivanovna in collaboration with Lev Rafailovich Zinder (On the history of the doctrine of the phoneme // Izv. OLYA AN USSR. 1953; L. V. Shcherba // Russian speech. 1965 and others .).
A number of issues of phonological theory are touched upon by Margarita Ivanovna in very meaningful notes to the 3rd (1948) and 4th (1953) editions of L. V. Shcherba's Phonetics of the French Language, which were published after the death of the author of the book. M. I. Matusevich not only interprets the sometimes not entirely clear positions of L. V. Shcherba, but often does not agree with him. Particularly important here are discussions about the phonological interpretation of the fluent [?], about the correlation of phonemes And
Later, for the 2nd edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Margarita Ivanovna wrote a number of articles in which the concepts and terms of general phonetics are interpreted.
Several works by M. I. Matusevich are devoted to the phonetics of the Russian language, which she studied throughout her life. After the death of L. V. Shcherba, M. I. Matusevich completed the section “Phonetics” he had begun in the first volume of the academic “Grammar of the Russian Language” (1952), which briefly describes the phonemes of the Russian language, gives language position schemes for all vowels and almost all consonants , their main implementations in different phonetic positions are indicated, the main phonetic alternations are listed. The section ends with a detailed table of rules for reading individual letters and letter combinations and samples of text transcription, phonetic and phonemic, where the main allophones are indicated. A year later, in 1958, her brochure on Russian orthoepy "Russian Literary Pronunciation" was published. In it, Margarita Ivanovna dwells mainly on the pronunciation of consonants: the necessity or only the possibility of implementing soft consonants in two-consonant combinations is considered ( st, tn, dl, ns etc.) before [e] and before [j], and for some words the use of the first soft consonant is assessed as obsolete; the pronunciation of a number of verb forms is analyzed; attention is drawn to the sound of the endings of adjectives - cue, -hy, -hy; much space is given to the pronunciation of hard and soft consonants in loanwords. All these observations and recommendations are still of interest today, as they provide material for judging changes in the pronunciation norm over the decades.
The results of instrumental studies of Russian pronunciation are reflected in the Album of Articulations of the Sounds of the Russian Language (1963), created by Margarita Ivanovna together with her student N. A. Lyubimova. It contains tongue position charts (made from x-rays) for the most important realizations of all vowel and consonant phonemes, and photographs of lip position, accompanied by a brief description of the sounds. This "Album" is addressed primarily to foreigners studying Russian, and to teachers of Russian as a foreign language, but it is useful for everyone who is interested in Russian phonetics.
M. I. Matusevich at the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics at the kymograph
Especially for the French who study Russian, M. I. Matusevich, in collaboration with N. A. Shigarevskaya, wrote the manual “Comment on prononce le russe” (“How to pronounce in Russian”) (M., 1962). The articulation of Russian vowels and consonants is described by constantly comparing them with French sounds, diagrams of the position of the tongue are given (for vowels - after hard and after soft consonants) and photographs of the position of the lips (face and profile), and small, but very well-chosen exercises are designed for training pronunciation of vowel allophones of all phonemes. Phonetic phenomena alien to the French language are specially considered: phonetic alternations of vowels and consonants, pronunciation of certain groups of consonants. The manual ends with a small selection of poetic and prose texts containing the greatest phonetic difficulties for the French. The method of presenting the material used in this book can serve as a model for creating similar textbooks for speakers of other languages.
In the same year, in the Scientific Notes of the Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute im. A. I. Gertsen Margarita Ivanovna published an article “Shades of Russian stressed vowels”, which describes the implementation of vowel phonemes in the vicinity of hard and soft consonants.
The result of M. I. Matusevich’s long-term research in the field of Russian phonetics was her monograph “Phonetics” in the series “Modern Russian Language” (M .: Education, 1976). This book was written based on the materials of the course that Margarita Ivanovna taught for more than twenty years at Leningrad University. Considering phonological problems, M. I. Matusevich, in the tradition of the Shcherbov phonological school, analyzes the linguistic mechanisms of the linear division of the speech stream into sounds, which is very important for understanding the nature of the phoneme and which is passed over in silence in other phonological schools. The reader finds in the book a discussion of the controversial issues of Russian phonetics - the phonological interpretation of [s] and long [w: '], [zh: '], the possibility of implementing unstressed
Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. Late 1970s
In a number of works by M. I. Matusevich, the results of instrumental studies of the phonetic structure of other languages are presented. Back in the late 1930s, Margarita Ivanovna analyzed, using all the technical capabilities that existed at that time, the system of phonemes of one of the dialects of the Evenki language. The results of these investigations were published only in 1960 in the “Essay on the system of phonemes of the Erbo-Gochen dialect of the Evenki language based on experimental data”, which contains a detailed description of the articulation of all consonants in different phonetic positions and the main allophones of vowels, illustrated by palatograms and kymograms. Already posthumously, a phonetic description of the sound composition of one of the dialects of the Even language was published, which M. I. Matusevich brilliantly mastered (Sound composition of the Lamunkha dialect of the Even language // Sound structure of the language. M., 1979).
Several articles are devoted to the description of the sound structure of the Bulgarian language. These works, written on the basis of instrumental data (X-rays, palatograms and spectrograms for vowels), taking into account the results of auditory analysis, contain a description of the articulation of Bulgarian sounds in the Tarnovo and Sofia dialects in comparison with the articulation of similar sounds of the Russian language. The material of these studies is of undoubted value for describing the sound structure of the Bulgarian language.
The scientific interests of M. I. Matusevich were not limited to phonetics. She was a co-author of L. V. Shcherba in compiling the Russian-French Dictionary, in which the principles of compiling bilingual translation dictionaries formulated by L. V. Shcherba found practical application. Later, after the death of L.V. Shcherba, Margarita Ivanovna repeatedly significantly supplemented the dictionary, which went through 13 editions (1st edition - 1937, last - 1994).
Margarita Ivanovna was not only a scientist, but also a gifted organizer and leader, the keeper of the traditions of intelligence and decency in work and in relations between people.
The works of M. I. Matusevich and, especially, her pedagogical activity played a big role in the dissemination of phonetic knowledge and in the expansion of experimental phonetic research. Margarita Ivanovna's graduate students were well-known specialists in general and Russian phonetics: L. V. Bondarko, M. M. Galeeva, L. V. Zlatoustova, I. M. Loginova, N. A. Lyubimova; novelists N. P. Karpov and N. A. Shigarevskaya; L. A. Verbitskaya and M. V. Gordina studied under her. Margarita Ivanovna supervised dissertation research on Yakut, Khakass and other languages of the peoples of Russia. Linguists of different generations, who were engaged in describing the little-studied languages of the peoples of the North and Siberia, always found good advice and support from Margarita Ivanovna. Many phoneticians who went through the school of Margarita Ivanovna during the years of undergraduate or graduate studies retain a grateful memory of their teacher.
L. A. Verbitskaya. Margarita Ivanovna, teacher and friend
In 1954, after completing my first year, I was transferred from Lvov University to ours, St. Petersburg. The topic of my first-year term paper was the problems of Russian stress, and that is why I immediately went to the department of the Russian language to get advice on what to do next.
The seminar on term papers was led by Vera Fedorovna Ivanova, a young, bright, lively woman. She immediately told me that my place was in the department of phonetics.
On the same day, I crossed the yard of the philological faculty, entered a cozy outbuilding and got into wonderful world: nice friendly people, attention to everyone and a physically tangible process of creativity.
Department laboratory assistant Nadezhda Mikhailovna 10
Nadezhda Mikhailovna Steingardt(1905–1991), worked at Leningrad University in 1937–1960.
She invited me to the office of the manager, Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich. So my first meeting with Margarita Ivanovna took place. Then it was hard to imagine how much this amazing woman, a wise leader, a unique specialist and just a kind, sincere person, would mean in my life.
Margarita Ivanovna asked me to tell about Lviv University, about the course "Introduction to Linguistics", about term paper. She advised me to immediately enroll in a special seminar on experimental phonetic methods of research, about which I knew nothing, since the laboratory of experimental phonetics was only at Leningrad University, and precisely because Lev Vladimirovich Shcherba, who founded it, worked here.
Academic degree: doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences
Academic title: Professor
participant of the encyclopedia "Famous Scientists"
09.1953 - 06.1958 Tomsk Polytechnic Institute - student;
06.1958 - 03.1965 Tomsk Polytechnic Institute - engineer, post-graduate student;
03.1965 - 08.1971 ZapSibNIGNI (Tyumen) - head of the laboratory;
09.1971 - 08.1975 Tyumen Industrial Institute - Head. department, dean, vice-rector;
09.1975 - 08.1980 Ukhta Industrial Institute - rector;
09.1980 - present Tyumen State Oil and Gas University - head. Department of hydrogeological and engineering-geological surveys.
Topic of Ph.D. thesis: “Studying the formation chemical composition waters of discontinuous disturbances in connection with the search for ore deposits by the hydrogeochemical method ”(Tomsk, 1964).
Subject of doctoral dissertation: "Geochemistry of groundwater of the West Siberian oil and gas basin" (Tyumen, 1971).
Scientific specialization: oil and gas and oil and gas field hydrogeology.
Courses taught: hydrogeology, oil and gas field hydrogeology, oil and gas hydrogeology, introduction to the specialty.
Honorary title "Honored Worker of Science and Technology Russian Federation”, “Honored Worker of the Gas Industry”, has two scientific discoveries in the field of prospecting hydrogeochemistry.
Awarded: Order: "For contribution to the development of the mining and geological service of Russia",
medals: For the development of the fuel and energy complex of Western Siberia; For labor prowess; medal to them. Obruchev, medal "Veteran of Labor"; bronze medal of VDNKh for the textbook; Muravlenko medal; 300th anniversary of the Mining and Geological Service of Russia;
Kosukhin medal.
Chairman of the Dissertation Council for the award of doctoral and candidate degrees of the Tyumen State Oil and Gas University.
Main publications:
1. Geochemistry of underground waters of the West Siberian oil and gas basin.-M.: "Nedra", 1976, 157 p.
2. A.A.Kartsev, S.B.Vagin Hydrogeology of oil and gas basins (textbook). –M.: Nedra, 1986, 224 p.
Aa3. Yu.K.Smolentsev, V.S.Kuskovskii, S.N.Okhalin Hydro- and engineering-geological conditions of the south-west of the West Siberian Plain. - "Nauka" Novosibirsk, SO AS USSR, 1987, 128 p.
4. A.A. Kartsev, Yu.P. Gattenberg, L.M. Zorkin Theoretical basis oil and gas hydrogeology. M.: "Nedra", 1992.
5. G.P. Myasnikova, E.M. Maximov, A.M. Volkov, M. Pupilli Abnormal formation pressures in the West Siberian Mega-basin, Rassia. – Petroleum Geosience, Vol. 3.1997, London.
Matusevich Vladimir Mikhailovich has awards:
 | DIPLOMA "Golden Department of Russia" |
 | Honorary title "Honored Worker of Science and Education of the RANH" |
 | Member of the Internet encyclopedia "Scientists of Russia" |
 | A. NOBEL medal |
 | Honorary title "Founder of the scientific school" |
| Gold medal "European Quality" ( Golden medal"European quality") | |
 | Order LABORE ET SCIENTIA (BY WORK AND KNOWLEDGE) |
 | Order PRIMUS INTER PARES (FIRST AMONG EQUALS) |
USSR 22x20px USSR
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Margarita Ivanovna Matusevich(December 14 - February 23, buried at the Theological cemetery of St. Petersburg) - Soviet linguist, representative of the Leningrad phonological school, student of L. V. Shcherba.
Biography
In 1943, M. I. Matusevich defended her thesis for a candidate of philological sciences on the topic “Introduction to general phonetics with the application of the system of phonemes of the Erbogochen dialect of the Evenki language based on experimental data”.
Bibliography
- Matusevich M. I. Introduction to general phonetics. - Ed. 3rd. - M., 1959.
- Shcherba L. V., Matusevich M. I. Russian-French Dictionary. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969. - 839 p. - 110,000 copies.
- Matusevich M. I. Modern Russian language. Phonetics. - Ed. 3rd. - M., 1976.
- Zinder L. R., Matusevich M. I. . . (Retrieved May 31, 2010)
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An excerpt characterizing Matusevich, Margarita Ivanovna
Suddenly Esclarmonde screamed wildly... and at the same moment, in unison, a heart-rending cry of a baby was heard! A bright joy appeared on the emaciated faces surrounding her. People laughed and cried, as if a long-awaited miracle had suddenly appeared to them! Although, probably, it was so?.. After all, a descendant of Magdalene, their beloved and revered guiding Star, was born!.. A bright descendant of Radomir! It seemed that the people who filled the hall completely forgot that at sunrise they would all go to the fire. Their joy was sincere and proud, like a stream of fresh air in the expanses of Occitania scorched by fires! Greeting the newborn in turn, they, smiling happily, left the hall until only Esclarmonde's parents and her husband, her most beloved person in the world, remained around.With happy, sparkling eyes, the young mother looked at the boy, unable to utter a word. She perfectly understood that these moments would be very short, because, wanting to save the newborn son, his father would have to immediately pick him up in order to try to escape from the fortress before morning. Before his unfortunate mother climbs the fire with the others....
– Thank you!.. Thank you for your son! - not hiding the tears rolling down his tired face, whispered Svetozar. – My bright-eyed joy... come with me! We will all help you! I can't lose you! He doesn't know you yet!.. Your son doesn't know how kind and beautiful his mother is! Come with me, Esclarmonde!
He pleaded with her, knowing in advance what the answer would be. He just couldn't leave her to die. After all, everything was calculated so perfectly! .. Montsegur surrendered, but asked for two weeks, ostensibly to prepare for death. In reality, they were waiting for the appearance of the descendant of Magdalene and Radomir. And they calculated that after his appearance, Esclarmonde would have enough time to get stronger. But, apparently, they say correctly: “we assume, but fate disposes” ... So she ordered cruelly ... allowing the newborn to be born only on the last night. Esclarmonde had no strength left to go with them. And now she was going to end her short, completely unlived life on the terrible fire of "heretics" ...
The Pereyles, embracing each other, sobbed. They so wanted to save their beloved, bright girl! .. They so wanted her to live!
My throat caught - how familiar was this story! .. They should have seen how their daughter would die in the flames of a fire. Just as I will probably have to watch the death of my beloved Anna...
The Perfect Ones reappeared in the stone hall - it's time to say goodbye. Esclarmonde screamed and tried to get out of bed. Her legs gave way, not wanting to hold her ... The husband grabbed her, not letting her fall, squeezing her tightly in the last embrace.
“You see, my love, how can I go with you?” Esclarmonde whispered softly. - You go! Promise you will save him. Promise me please! I will love you there too... And my son.
Esclarmonde burst into tears... She so wanted to look courageous and strong!.. But her fragile and affectionate woman's heart let her down... She didn't want them to leave!.. She didn't even have time to recognize her little Vidomir! It was much more painful than she naively imagined. It was a pain from which there was no escape. She was in so much pain!!!
