Offers with you d better. Sentences with would rather. Modal construction Had Better in English. Features of the use of the construction would rather. In negative sentences put better before not

We use this construct to give advice or recommendations. But unlike should The expression has some negative connotation. That is, if we do not do what we are advised, irreparable things may happen:

• You 'd better do the dishes before your mother comes back from work. - Better would wash the dishes for you before Togo when mom gets home from work. (Otherwise, if we DO NOT wash the dishes, we can fly in from mom)

But the meaning does not have to be intimidating. We can just advise to take an umbrella with you because, it seems the rain is starting:

• Hey Peter! Should I take my camera to the park? – You 'd better take your umbrella. It might rain. – Peter, should I take my camera to the park? - Better Take an umbrella, it looks like it's going to rain.

Although in the design had better the past tense form is used, the action described by it refers to the present or future:

• I ’ d better go to the pub instead of gym today. - I'm going to better Today to the pub, not to the gym.
• Oh, Jessica, you 'd better take a day off tomorrow, you look pale. - Jessica, you should take a day off Tomorrow. Something you are pale.

Compared to should or ought to design had better is more urgent:

• I'm thinking of visiting Fred next month. – Don't you know? He's leaving for Brussels in a week. You 'd better do it as early as possible if you want to find him here. I am thinking of visiting Fred next month. - You don't know? He's leaving for Brussels in a week. You should hurry up if you want to get him here.

As you can see from all the examples, in the design with had better used without particle to . This is very important to remember, because. in my head sometimes and ask for an option like “You ’ d better to take a taxi instead of a bus.” No way!

• You ’ d better take a taxi instead of a bus to get to the airport or you might miss your flight. – go better by taxi, otherwise you may not make it to the airport in time by bus and you will be late for the plane.

To make a design with had better negative, we must put after it (but before the verb) the particle not:

• She ’ d better not tell about it anyone. - To her shouldn't tell about it to anyone.
• Jim, you 'd better not drink this. Let me order you a normal drink. – Jim would not drink you this burdu. Let me order you a normal drink.

Sometimes had better used for short answers:

• Do you think I should tell about that car accident my father? - You'd better! “Do you think I should tell my father about the accident?” - More would!
• Maria promised not to flirt with your boyfriend. - She'd better not! Maria promised she wouldn't flirt with your boyfriend. - Better to her And Not do this!

In colloquial speech had sometimes you can omit:

• You better beware that dog, it's mad. - beware that dog, she's rabid.
• He better not catch his mother's eye in a drunken state. - Better he shouldn't see his mother like that.

Subject + had better + Infinitive without particle to

The construction had better refers to the near future and expresses a higher degree of urgency than modal verbs such as should and ought to. This construction is translated into Russian as "it would be better", "should be".

The construction had better is used in advice, as well as in requests to act in a certain way.

Translate the following sentences. When did he finish high school? Did you do well in your entrance exams? Where do your parents work? Who is your father by profession? Many famous doctors worked here. My brother speaks German better than me. Ask your friend.

Has your hometown changed a lot in recent years? How many people is your family? What is your father? Are they younger or older than you? Tell us about your family, about yourself, about your hometown; use of given words and expressions. Listen to the dialogue, convey the content of the dialogue in Russian in as much detail as possible.

1. The construction had better is not used in polite requests.
2. Construction form Always unchanged (the form have better does not exist).
3. The negative form of the construct looks like this: had better + not + infinitive without particle to.
4. Had can be omitted in colloquial speech.

Examples

1. You had better not joke like this anymore - You better not joke like that anymore. (negative form; request, advice)
2. They had better stop this argument before somebody else hears this - They should have stopped this argument before someone else heard it. (advice, request)
3. She seems to be really exhausted. She had better rest - She looks completely exhausted. She should have rested. (advice)
4. He had better not start this conversation at all - He had better not start this conversation at all. (negative form; advice, request)

Compare

• Could you repeat this, please? – Could you repeat it, please? (polite request; the construction had better is not used in questions of this kind)
• You had better repeat this once again - You should repeat this again. (sounds like advice and even an order)

#2 Would rather design

Sentence formation

Subject + would rather + Infinitive without particle to

Situation: Sergey meets his fellow student in the library of the institute. M: No, he is a skilled worker in a chemical company. Where to study your brothers and sisters? S: My younger sister is still in high school, and so is mine. The older brother works at the Moscow Research Institute.

Do you have brothers and sisters? M: No, no. Listen to the dialogue a second time, indicate which one confirms the retention of the dialogue. Act out the following micro-dialogues, replacing the underlined words with the words given in brackets. Translate the following sentences, determine the meaning of the underlined words from the context.

The construction would rather is used when the speaker needs express preference. The construction would rather is translated into Russian as "it would be better", "would be more willing", "rather".

The would rather construction is used to express preference.

Features of the use of the construction would rather

1. When the speaker prefers someone did something, the construction is used would rather + subject + past simple. When it comes to past time, then instead of Past Simple is used past perfect.
2. The interrogative form of the construction would rather is as follows: would + Subject + rather + Infinitive without particle to.
3. The negative form of would rather is as follows: Subject + would rather + not + Infinitive without particle to.
4. The had rather construction is used in the same way as the would rather construction, but in modern English it is quite rare.

Examples

1. I would rather call her to check that this information is correct - I would rather call her to check that this information is correct. (preference expression)
2. I would rather you wore a jacket - I would prefer that you put on a jacket. (the speaker expresses his preference for the actions of another person)
3. I would rather not bring this question up - I would rather not bring this question up. (expression of preference; negative form)
4. Would you rather have tea or coffee? Would you rather drink tea or coffee? (question of preference)
5. I would rather they had attended that seminar - It would be better if they attended that seminar. (the speaker expresses his preference for the actions of other people; since we are talking about the past, the Past Perfect tense is used in the second part of the construction)

#3 Difference between had better and would rather

had better = should

Would rather - would prefer, perhaps

Representatives of different parties united with one party. In recent years, Moscow has undergone major changes. The number of people in Moscow has grown from 2 to 8 million. Moscow is one of the largest centers of international relations. Representatives of all countries took part in this congress. This hospital is run by a renowned surgeon.

We get separable and inseparable prefixes. In what year was Moscow first mentioned in the chronicle? Explain the formation of the following derivative words, translate them. Knowledge, knowledge, science, scientist, scientific art, artist, artistic, artificial, art history, deed, activity, activity, work.

would rather = would prefer

Compare examples

• I had better cook dinner now - I better cook dinner now. (a kind of warning and even an order to himself)
• I would rather cook dinner now - I would rather cook dinner now. (expression of preference; the speaker still has a choice)

• You had better go there now - You better go there now. (explicit advice, please)
• I would rather you went there now - I would rather you go there now. (the speaker expresses his preference; the emotional coloring of this sentence is less insistent)

We use had better to refer to the present or the future, to talk about actions we think people should do or which are desirable in a specific situation. The verb form is always had, not have. We normally shorten it to' d better in informal situations. It is followed by the infinitive without to:

Pay attention to synonyms, antonyms and polysemy of prepositions near, under. Antonyms: old - young; Old New. The polysemy of the preposition under under; below: The journal is under the book. among, between: There are many athletes among my friends. Read the explanations for the text.

The center of thought and creativity is the center of spiritual and cultural life. Read the text, give as much detail as possible the content of each paragraph of the text in Russian. Among the capitals of Europe, Moscow is one of the latest. He is over 850 years old. The history of Moscow cannot be separated from the fate of Russia. Moscow has seen and experienced a lot. For centuries, Moscow has played a prominent role in the life of the entire country. Moscow led the process of formation of the Russian state system, stood at the head of the struggle against foreign invaders.

It's five o'clock. I 'd better go now before the traffic gets too bad.

Not: I'd better to go now.

The democratic movement had better concentrate on the immediate issues of the economy and security.(more formal)

Had better is a strong expression. We use it if we think there will be negative results if someone does not do what is desired or suggested:

It became the center around which the Russian principalities united. With the formation of the centralized state of Russia at the end of the century, Moscow became the most important political, economic and commercial center of the country, and then the center of all-Russian culture. Chronicles, annals and masterpieces of literature, painting and architecture appeared in Moscow. Moscow is also the cradle of Russian book printing. It was the first Russian university, the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.

The work of great Russian writers and poets, such as Alexander Sumarov, Denis Fonvisin, Gavriil Dershavin, Nikolai Karamsin, Russian writer and revolutionary Alexander Radishchev, are interconnected. In Moscow, the great Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov went his own way into science. Even in later times, many excellent Russian writers and poets, scientists and artists lived and worked in Moscow, who made a great contribution not only to Russian, but also to world culture. “Every Russian person feels when he looks at Moscow that this is his mother,” said the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.

She 'd better get here soon or she'll miss the opening ceremony.

Had better: negative and question forms

The negative of had better is had better not(or 'd better not):

I 'd better not leave my bag there. Someone might steal it.

You 'd better not tell Elizabeth about the broken glass – she'll go crazy!

Since then, fundamental changes have taken place in Moscow. The territory has more than quadrupled, the population has increased from 2 to 8.5 million people. A city with a developed industry, a center of international friendship for representatives of science, technology and culture. Complete the sentences according to the content of the text.

The negative form hadn't better is mainly used in questions: Hadn't we better change our clothes? "Shouldn't we change clothes?"

Illustrate the following facts of the sentence from the text, read them aloud. The role of Moscow in the formation of the Russian state. Moscow is the largest cultural and scientific center of Russia. Ask your friend about his hometown; use the following words and expressions in questions and answers.

The question form of had better is made by inverting the subject and had. This means the same as should, but is more formal:

Had I better speak to Joan first before I send this form off? What do you think?

Had we better leave a note for the delivery guy to take the parcel next door?

Negative questions with had better are more common than affirmative ones:

Act as Misha, answer the questions of your comrades. Sv.: What is your father? ST: Where do your parents live? SV: When did you finish high school? Control-generalizing exercises. Check yourself how you learned the vocabulary of the lesson, name it. Ummort, small, often, late; last.

The use of the construction would rather

Take action - take action. Embossed bear-to wear an imprint, view. Read the text B, find in it the answers to the questions posed. When did the construction of the Moscow metro begin? Are all metro stations underground? How many metro stations are there in the Moscow Metro?

Hadn't we better ring the school and tell them Liam is sick?

Hadn't you better switch your computer off? It might overheat if you leave it on.

Had better or be better, be the best?

We use had better to give advice in a specific situation. We use the phrase be better or be better + to-infinitive for more general suggestions:

It 's always better to be safe than sorry.(‘It’s better to be safe than sorry’ is a saying which means that you should be careful before taking any action.)

How many people will the Moscow metro transport during the day? The Moscow metro is not only a convenient transport, but also an engineering and architectural complex. It is also one of the most remarkable sights of the capital. The first tunnel was built, the first route with 13 stations was next. The construction of underground routes was not even interrupted during the difficult war years.

The metro is the most convenient public transport in Moscow. Most metro stations lie deep underground. However, there are also tracks on the surface. Each metro station has its own architectural and artistic character. Architects, builders, painters and sculptors worked and worked on the architectural and artistic equipment of the metro.

I think it would be the best to speak to the people in the video shop to see what they recommend.

Had better or would rather, would prefer?

We don't use had better when we talk about preferences. We use would rather or would prefer.

Had better: typical errors

We use had better to give specific advice, not to talk about obligations or requirements; instead, we use have to have got to or must:

You have to(or must) hold a full, valid driving license to hire a car.

Not: You'd better hold a full, valid driving license to hire a car.

We don't use had better to talk about preferences; instead, we use would rather or would prefer:

They offered her a job in Warsaw, but she said she 'd rather work in a smaller city.(or... she'd prefer to work...)

Not: …she’d better work…

We don't use had better to make ordinary suggestions or recommendations:

Not: You'd better take a boat trip across the bay and see some of the islands. Then you'd better find a nice restaurant for lunch .

What to choose: had better or would rather? And what is there after the apostrophe in the abbreviated form I'd, you'd - would or had? How not to get confused? At the grammar intensive lessons via Skype, you can personally analyze all the nuances in detail with the teacher of the English Voyage school. In the meantime - a little theory with examples. Like sentences with , the phrases had better or would rather express a hypothetical meaning, that is, an assumed, unreal.

Had better (not) - better, it would be better

means the best, wiser choice, a suitable alternative in a particular situation. This modal phrase may mean urgency, advice, warning or threat.

For example:

1. Youhad better go now(it would be good, wise or suitable for you to go now).

You better go.

2. If he took your key, you'd better change the locks.

If he took your key, you better change the locks.

3. Your dog had better not dig up my rosebush!

I wish your dog didn't dig up my roses.

Had better usage

1. Synonyms had better:

— ought to do something

— should do something.

2. In negative sentences put better before not.

You had better not go now.

3. The short form ‘d’ is very common. e.g. You'd better - you HAD better.

4. The negative form hadn’t better is mainly used in questions: Hadn't we better change our clothes? "Shouldn't we change clothes?"

5. Sometimes had is omitted in colloquial speech: e.g. I better try again later.

would rather - would prefer, perhaps

expresses choice and means "would rather do something"

For example:

1. I would rather do it tomorrow.

I'll probably do it tomorrow. (I would rather do it tomorrow.)

2.I' rather stay at university than go home now - I need to finish this difficult assignment.

I would rather stay at the university than go home now - I have to finish this difficult task.

3. I'd rather have a snack. (than drink water)

I, perhaps, will have a snack (than I will drink water).

would rather use

1. would rather = prefer

2. WOULD RATHER + SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS - we use it if we want to someone else did something in present or future.

For example:

I'd rather you didn't go to Spain alone. You better not go to Spain alone. (I'd rather you didn't go to Spain alone.)

3. WOULD RATHER + SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT - use for expression dissatisfaction with someone did in past.

For example:

I'd rather you hadn't gone to Spain alone. You better not go to Spain alone. (I'd rather you didn't go to Spain alone.)

4. The shortened form 'd is very common. e.g. I'd rather - I WOULD rather.

Should be paid Special attention to the fact that after the phrases had better or would rather the infinitive is used without to particles.

For example:

We' d better go. We'd better go.

I' rather stay there. I'll probably stay there.

An important construction of the English language

Sentence formation with Had better

Sentences with had better are built on a similar principle as with would rather, only the tense of the main verb does not change to the past. used this design for present and future time. For both tenses, the sentence structure will be the same.

The only exception is when we talk about the need to finish something in the future tense. Then the construction had better + have + done will be used. We will consider this case below.

Affirmative sentences are built like this:

Who + had better + infinitive main verb without to.

For example in present tense:

You had better ask Samantha. “You'd better ask Samantha.

In the future tense, the structure is the same, just add a word indicating the time, if necessary:

I had better ask her tomorrow. I'd better ask her tomorrow.

You can abbreviate had to ‘d:

I'd better take my umbrella. - I'd better take my umbrella.

Affirmative sentences with had better have done:

Such sentences are used when it comes to the fact that you need to complete some business in the future.

Suggestion example:

You had better have finished this task till Wednesday. You'd better finish this assignment by Wednesday.

Interrogative sentences:

In questions for the present and future tenses, we put the word Had in first place:

Had she better hurry up, so she doesn't miss her train? “Shouldn’t she hurry up so as not to miss her train?”

Negatives:

To construct negative sentences, it is enough to insert the particle not before the main verb.

For example:

It's sunny, I'd better not take an umbrella. It's sunny today, I'd better not take an umbrella.

You had better not ask her. You better not ask her.

In colloquial English, had best is sometimes used instead of had better. The only difference is that with had best, the advice is less pushy.

You had best start reading that book. You'll find a lot of useful information in it. You should start reading that book. You will find a lot of useful information in it.

She'd best do it on her own. She'd better do it on her own.

Had better, would rather - the difference

You'd better not do it! "You'd better not do it!"

In relation to ourselves, we also use it, then we are not saying that we simply prefer to do something, but we emphasize the need to perform an action.

Would rather - used when talking about preferences.

For example:

You'd rather didn't tell her. “You better not tell her.

Here's another example:

I'd rather watched (watch) this movie. - I'd rather watch this movie. (simply expressing preference).

Now you know about the use of had better and its forms (had better have and had best). This simple design will enrich your speech, making it more natural.

It is not a guarantee that you will respond correctly and competently in every situation. In that foreign language a mass of all kinds of constructions and expressions that simply need to be studied, if only because they are very widely used in speech, both written and oral. Then you will easily understand what exactly (specifically) the interlocutor wanted to say, what he wanted to emphasize, what shade he wanted to give to his words. Moreover, you can easily answer in the same vein, and simply express your opinion, based on such popular speech patterns in English.

Let's talk about famous expressions prefer And would rather (would sooner). Despite the fact that in meaning these constructions refer to the same topic - I want, I prefer - they have differences both in the shade they give to speech and in the use, which contains its own grammatical nuances. To better represent these important points, we will not mix these expressions, but consider them separately, thereby forming a clear idea of ​​how, where and when it is necessary usewould rather (would sooner) Andprefer.

Use prefer

We will start directly with the verb "prefer" - prefer. We use this verb with the particle infinitive to (prefer to do something) or with a gerund ( prefer doing something) . Both of these constructions are absolutely equivalent. They express the preferences of a person in general, that is, they determine what a person always likes, and not in any particular situation. It is important to capture precisely the meaning of the general, and not the particular.

I prefer to live in the country. - I prefer to live outside the city.

I prefer phoning people to writing letters. I like calling people more than writing letters to them.

I prefer to stay up late at night. – I prefer to go to bed late at night.

She prefers giving gifts rather than receiving them. She likes giving gifts more than receiving them.

To clearly remember the correct structure of the construction with the verb " prefer”, it is necessary to learn several sentences that represent the algorithm for its use. There are three such examples:

1. I prefer something to something else- I prefer something to something
2. I prefer doing something to doing something else- I prefer to do this, not this
3. I prefer to do something rather than (do) something– see option 2

I prefer meat to fish. - I like meat more than fish.

I prefer going to the theater to watching plays on television. - I prefer to go to the theater rather than watch performances on TV.

I prefer to live in the country rather than (live) in the city. I like living in the countryside more than in the city.

As opposed to using just a verb prefer, the use of the expression would prefer does not mean the preferences of the person as a whole, but his wishes and needs in a particular situation. In other words, someone wants something (do something) right now, even if in a more general sense in life he does not give preference to this. We also highlight two samples, according to which you can make all the following proposals you need:

1. Would you prefer…? - What would you like? What do you prefer? (in a certain situation).

Would you prefer tea or coffee? Coffee, please. - Will you have tea or coffee? Coffee please.

1. I would prefer to do something rather than do something else. (I would prefer one over the other).
   

   I'd prefer to read a book. - I would like to read a book.

   I'd prefer to eat at home rather than go out. I would rather eat at home than go to some establishment.

note that would in these constructions, it is almost always used in an abbreviated form - I would=I'd…

Use would rather (would sooner)

The second very useful expression is would rather- is similar to the previous one I would prefer. The semantic meaning of these three constructions ( would rather, would sooner, would prefer) is the same, but there is a very small, but quite significant nuance in the grammatical design. After would prefer we use the infinitive with the particle to (to do), and after the other two - without the particle to (do). Accordingly, a sample for memorization with usewouldrather will look like this: I'd rather do something than do something else.

Shall we go by train? well, I'd prefer to go by car. I'd rather go by car. - Shall we go by train? Well, I would go by car.

I'd rather walk in the park than go to the cinema. I would rather take a walk in the park than go to the cinema.

I'd rather wait for a few minutes. - I would wait a few minutes.

He said he would sooner stay at home. He said he would rather stay at home.

And one more rule regarding the use would rather (would sooner): when we want someone else to do something, or we are trying to say that it is preferable for another person to do something, we refer to this construction - would rather someone did something. Pay special attention to the fact that the verb in this case will be in the simple past tense, but it will be about the actions of the present or future.

I'd rather you cooked dinner now. I would like you to cook dinner now.

I'd rather you told her. “I would rather you tell her.

My mother would rather we caught the bus, rather than walk home after the party. Mom would have preferred us taking the bus home after the party rather than walking.

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