Personal pronouns in Italian. Pronouns in Italian. Combination of direct and indirect pronouns

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Personal pronouns indicate the person or thing performing the action denoted by the verb. Example: " I I speak two languages."

List of adjectives

Object pronouns indicate the person or thing in relation to/on which the action is performed. Example: I his I love.

Pronouns with examples

Travel vocabulary

A possessive adjective indicates the object of possession and is placed before the noun. Example: English my native language.

Travel vocabulary

The possessive pronoun indicates the object of possession and should not be placed before the noun. In fact, this pronoun can be used alone. Example: This book my.

Travel vocabulary

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Personal pronouns are divided into pronouns that act as a subject, and pronouns that are used as a direct and indirect object. The latter, in turn, are divided into stressed and unstressed.

IN Italian The following pronouns can act as subjects:

If personal pronouns act as the subject of a verb, then in Italian they are usually omitted. In this case, the person indicator is contained at the end of the verb itself.

The exception is when it is necessary to clarify the person with formally matching forms of the verb. This applies mainly to forms of the subjunctive mood:

Parli italiano molto bene. — You speak Italian very well.

Che lui (lei) venga domani! — Let him (she) come tomorrow!

Se io (tu) potessi farlo! — If only I (you) could do it.

Personal pronouns are necessarily placed only when logical stress falls on them, as well as with words such as anche(Also), neanche, nemmeno, neppure(also not, not even) and stesso(himself, most):

Io parlo italiano e parli tedesco. — I speak Italian, and you speak German.

Anch"io lo so. — I know that too.

Neppure noi lo capiamo. — Even we don't understand this.

Neanche lui vuole partire. — Even he doesn't want to leave.

L"hanno desico loro stessi. — They decided it themselves.

Personal pronouns egli, ella are used only in relation to people, and esso, essa, essi, essay- both in relation to people and to designate inanimate objects.

Lui, lei, loro used as a subject during inversion to logically highlight the subject:

Io parlo e lui ascolta. — I speak and he listens.

Parla lei. — She says.

Lei- singular form of politeness.

In Italian, when addressing one person, the 3rd person pronoun is used as a form of politeness. singularLei(You). This pronoun requires a verb in the 3rd person singular as a subject:

Signore, Lei parla italiano? — Signor, do you speak Italian?

Signora, Lei è di Roma? — Signora, are you from Rome?

Lei, signore è italiano? — Are you, sir, Italian?

Signor Bianchi, Lei è riuscito a vedere lo spettacolo? — Signor Bianchi, did you manage to watch the performance?

Lei signorina, è riuscita a vedere lo spettacolo? — Did you manage to watch the performance, signora?

Dottore, Lei è arrivato martedi? — Doctor, did you arrive on Tuesday?

Form voi(you) is the most common form of politeness towards more than one person:

Voi, signori siete italiani? — Are you, gentlemen, Italians?

Politeness pronoun form voi can be used in relation to one person, but in modern Italian it is practically replaced by the form Lei.

Loro- plural form of politeness.

In addition to the form of addressing many people on voi(you), in Italian there is another, more refined form of politeness in Loro, which is a 3rd person plural pronoun. This form is considered the most ceremonial, having a solemn and official character:

Loro, signori, sono italiani?“Are you, gentlemen, Italians?”

Loro, signorine, sono italiane?- Are you ladies Italian?

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Pronouns (Pronomi) do not point to objects, but replace them. There are several types of pronouns in Italian.

Personal pronouns. Pronomi personali

Personal pronouns are not usually used in Italian. That is, when we talk about ourselves or someone else, it is clear from the ending of the verb who is performing the action.

For example:

Vado al lavoro. - I go to work.

Although there are exceptions, that is, cases when it is necessary to clarify who is performing the action. This is only when the forms of the endings are the same in all persons (this mainly applies to forms of the subjunctive mood Il Congiuntivo presente / imperfetto).

For example:

Parli italiano molto bene. – You speak Italian very well.
Che lui (lei) venga domani! – Let him (she) come tomorrow!
Se io (tu) potessi farlo! – If only I (you) could do it!

Personal pronouns are necessarily placed only when logical stress falls on them, as well as with words such as anche (also), neanche, nemmeno, neppure (also not, not even) and stesso (himself, most):

Io parlo italiano e tu parli tedesco. – I speak Italian, and you speak German.
Anch"io ti amo. – I love you too.
Non lo sa nemmeno lui. – Even he doesn't know this.
Neppure noi lo capiamo. – Even we don't understand this.
Neanche lui vuole partire. – Even he doesn't want to leave.
L "ha detto lui stesso. – He said it himself.
L"hanno deciso loro stessi. – They decided it themselves.

Particles. Particelle

ci (there), ne (them)

Vai a Roma? Sì, ci vado domani. – Are you going to Rome? Yes, I'm coming there Tomorrow.
Andate anche voi alla festa? No, non ci andiamo perché non abbiamo ricevuto un invito. – And will you also go to the holiday? No, us there we won't go because we didn't receive an invitation.
Quanti panini vuole? Ne vorrei due. – How many sandwiches do you need? (How many sandwiches do you want?) Two, please. (I would their I wanted two.)
Sai niente delle elezioni? No, non ne so niente. – You don't know anything about elections? No, I about them(about this) I don’t know anything.

Indefinite pronouns. Pronomi indefiniti

qualcosa something/anything
qualcuno – somebody/anyone
niente - nothing
nulla - nothing
ognuno – everyone

Devo comprare qualcosa da mangiare. – I have to buy something to eat.
Qualcuno è entrato in casa mia. – Someone entered my house.
Non c"è niente / nulla da mangiare. – There is nothing to eat. / There is nothing to eat.
Ognuno può fare quello che vuole. – Everyone can do what they want.

Demonstrative pronouns. Pronomi dimostrativi

questo – this / this
quello – that / that
quelli – those (male)
questa – this
quella – that
quelle – those (feminine)

Questo è il mio amico. - This is my friend.
Quella pizza non mi piace. – I don't like that pizza.

Pronoun

Pronouns are parts of speech without their own lexical meaning; they do not name objects, but only point to them, replace them. There are the following types of pronouns:

Personal pronouns

Among personal pronouns, pronouns that act as subjects and pronouns that are used as direct and indirect objects are distinguished, the latter, in turn, being divided into stressed and unstressed.

Personal pronouns as subjects.

In modern Italian, the following pronouns can act as subjects:

Personal pronouns, which act as the subject of a verb, are usually omitted in Italian. The person indicator is contained in the ending of the verb itself. Exceptions are cases when there is a need to clarify the person with formally matching forms of the verb (this mainly applies to forms of the subjunctive mood). For example:

Parli italiano molto bene.-You speak Italian very well.
Che lui (lei) venga domani!- Let him (she) come tomorrow!
Se io (tu) potessi farlo!- If I (you) could do it.

Personal pronouns are certainly placed only when logical stress falls on them, as well as with words such as anche(Also), neanche, nemmeno, neppure(also not, not even) and stesso(himself, most):

Io parlo italiano e parli tedesco.- I speak Italian, and you speak German.
Anch"io lo so.- I know that too.
Non lo sa nemmeno lui.- Even he doesn’t know this.
Neppure noi lo capiamo.“Even we don’t understand this.”
Neanche lui vuole partire.“Even he doesn’t want to leave.”
L "ha detto lui stesso.- He said that himself.
L"hanno desico loro stessi.- They decided it themselves.

Egli, ella are used only in relation to people esso, essa, essi, essay- both in relation to people and to designate inanimate objects.

Lui, lei, loro are used as the subject when logically identifying the subject and when inverting:

Io parlo e lui ascolta.- I speak, and he listens.
Parla lei.- She says.

Lei - singular form of politeness

Unlike the Russian language, the form of politeness when addressing one person in Italian is the form Lei(You), which is a 3rd person singular pronoun. Consequently Lei, acting as a subject, requires 3rd person singular verb forms, for example:

Signore, Lei parla italiano?- Signor, do you speak Italian?
Signora, Lei è di Roma?- Signora, are you from Rome?

Although the form Lei and goes back to the pronoun female (lei), when addressing representatives of the masculine gender, the agreement of participles and adjectives is in the masculine gender. Compare:

Lei, signore è italiano?- Are you Italian, sir?
Signor Bianchi, Lei è riuscito a vedere lo spettacolo?- Signor Bianchi, did you manage to watch the performance?
Lei signorina, è riuscita a vedere lo spettacolo?- Did you manage to watch the performance, signora?
Dottore, Lei è arrivato martedi?- Doctor, did you arrive on Tuesday?

It should be noted that calling by name in combination with the form on Lei(in relationships with subordinates) makes the conversation more pleasant, but allows you to maintain distance. Application form for Lei with colleagues and close acquaintances she is somewhat aloof in nature; in these cases she often prefers the “you” form.

Form voi(you) is a 2nd person plural pronoun, and also the most common form of politeness when referring to more than one person. For example:

Voi, signori siete italiani?- Are you, gentlemen, Italians?

Unlike the Russian language, the form of politeness in voi in relation to one person in modern Italian is practically replaced by the form Lei.

Loro - plural form of politeness

In addition to the form of address that coincides with the Russian one, voi(you) to many people, in Italian there is another, more refined form of politeness in Loro, which is a pronoun of the 3rd person plural and accordingly agrees with verbs of the 3rd person plural (the nominal part of the predicate also agrees in gender). For example:

Loro, signori, sono italiani?- Are you, gentlemen, Italians?
Loro, signorine, sono italiane?- Are you ladies Italian?

However, if when politely addressing one person the most common form is Lei, then in plural it most often corresponds to the form on voi, since the form on Loro is considered more ceremonial, sophisticated, and of a solemn and official nature.

Pronouns are a part of speech devoid of their own lexical meaning; they do not name objects, but only point to them, replace them. There are the following types of pronouns:

Personal pronouns

Among personal pronouns, pronouns that act as subjects and pronouns that are used as direct and indirect objects are distinguished, the latter, in turn, being divided into stressed and unstressed.

Personal pronouns as subjects.

In modern Italian, the following pronouns can act as subjects:

Personal pronouns, which act as the subject of a verb, are usually omitted in Italian. The person indicator is contained in the ending of the verb itself. Exceptions are cases when there is a need to clarify the person with formally matching forms of the verb (this mainly applies to forms of the subjunctive mood). For example:

Parli italiano molto bene.—You speak Italian very well.

Che lui (lei) venga domani!- Let him (she) come tomorrow!

Se io (tu) potessi farlo!- If only I (you) could do it.

Personal pronouns are certainly placed only when logical stress falls on them, as well as with words such as anche(Also), neanche, nemmeno, neppure(also not, not even) and stesso(himself, most):

Io parlo italiano e parli tedesco.- I speak Italian, and you speak German.

Anch'io lo so.- I know that too.

Non lo sa nemmeno lui.“Even he doesn’t know this.”

Neppure noi lo capiamo.“Even we don’t understand this.”

Neanche lui vuole partire.“Even he doesn’t want to leave.”

L'ha detto lui stesso.- He said that himself.

L'hanno desico loro stessi.- They decided it themselves.

Egli, ella are used only in relation to people esso, essa, essi, essay- both in relation to people and to designate inanimate objects.

Lui, lei, loro are used as the subject when logically identifying the subject and when inverting:

Io parlo e lui ascolta.- I speak, and he listens.

Parla lei.- She says.

Lei - singular form of politeness

Unlike the Russian language, the form of politeness when addressing one person in Italian is the form Lei(You), which is a 3rd person singular pronoun. Consequently Lei, acting as a subject, requires 3rd person singular verb forms, for example:

Signore, Lei parla italiano?— Signor, do you speak Italian?

Signora, Lei? di Roma?— Signora, are you from Rome?

Although the form Lei and goes back to the feminine pronoun ( lei), when addressing representatives of the masculine gender, the agreement of participles and adjectives is in the masculine gender. Compare:

Lei, signore? italiano?- Are you Italian, sir?

Signor Bianchi, Lei ? riuscito a vedere lo spettacolo?— Signor Bianchi, did you manage to watch the performance?

Lei signorina, ? riuscita a vedere lo spettacolo?— Did you manage to watch the performance, signora?

Dottore, Lei? arrivato martedi?— Doctor, did you arrive on Tuesday?

It should be noted that calling by name in combination with the form on Lei(in relationships with subordinates) makes the conversation more pleasant, but allows you to maintain distance. Application form for Lei with colleagues and close acquaintances she is somewhat aloof in nature; in these cases she often prefers the “you” form.

Form voi(you) is a 2nd person plural pronoun, and also the most common form of politeness when referring to more than one person. For example:

Voi, signori siete italiani?“Are you, gentlemen, Italians?”

Unlike the Russian language, the form of politeness in voi in relation to one person in modern Italian is practically replaced by the form Lei.

Loro - plural form of politeness

In addition to the form of address that coincides with the Russian one, voi(you) to many people, in Italian there is another, more refined form of politeness in Loro, which is a pronoun of the 3rd person plural and accordingly agrees with verbs of the 3rd person plural (the nominal part of the predicate also agrees in gender). For example:

Loro, signori, sono italiani?“Are you, gentlemen, Italians?”

Loro, signorine, sono italiane?- Are you ladies Italian?

However, if when politely addressing one person the most common form is Lei, then in the plural it most often corresponds to the form on voi, since the form on Loro is considered more ceremonial, refined, and of a solemn and official nature.

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