Verbs of the second conjugation of category 1 Greek. Greek language. all verb conjugations. As usual, kind, cozy and Greek atmosphere reigns in our lessons

Greek. Lesson 6: How to conjugate verbs

Today we begin to study one of the most difficult sections of Greek grammar - the section “verbs”. First we will study the conjugation of verbs in the present tense - it is not difficult. A little cramming, daily repetition of what you have learned, and in a month you will know the conjugation of the most commonly used verbs. These are the only ones I select for you. And in April we will begin to study times. This activity requires not only time, but also patience. When they started explaining to me all the rules for the use (and most importantly, education!) of tenses, I decided that I would not be able to speak Greek in the next five years. Then everything gradually became assimilated.

Let's start with an important verb - the verb "to have". In Russian we say “I have”, but in Greek instead of three words we use one: έχω

verb έχω (to have)

The basic form of verbs ends with the letter ω. Regular verbs are divided into two large categories: those in which the emphasis falls on the pre last syllable, as in έχω [‘echo] “I have” and θέλω [sel] “I want”, and those in which the stress falls on the last syllable, as in αγαπώ [agapo] “I love”.

The verb έχω is typical of the first category. In the present tense and active voice it conjugates like this:

έχω [‘echo] I have

έχεις [‘ehis] you have

έχει [‘ehi] she\he\it has

έχουμε [‘ehume] we have

έχετε [‘ehete] you have

έχουν [‘ekhun] they have

Please note that you do not need to use pronouns. Not “I have”, but simply “is”, “I have”. This is the peculiarity of the Greek language. The ending of the verb indicates who is being talked about. If ω, then it means “I have,” if ουν, then “they have.” Get used to it.

Language knowledge

Are you saying / are you saying...? Μιλάτε...

In Russian ρωσικά

In Greek ελληνικά

I don't speak Greek. Δε μιλώ ελληνικά.

Do you understand me? Με καταλαβαίνετε;

I don't understand you Δε σας καταλαβαίνω

I understand a little, but I can't speak. Καταλαβαίνω λίγο, αλλά δεν μπορώ να μιλήσω

What language do you know? Τι γλώσσα μιλάτε;

I know Μιλάω

English αγγλικά

German γερμανικά

French γαλλικά

You speak well. Μιλάτε καλά

I have no practice. Μου λείπει η πρακτική

I want to learn to speak Greek. Θέλω να μάθω να μιλάω ελληνικά.

Repeat one more time. Πέστε το άλλη φορά.

A little slower. Λίγο πιο αργά.

What does this word mean? Τι σημαίνει αυτή η λέξη;

Greek. Lesson 7: Conjugating the verb “to be”

In the last issue we talked about the verb “to have”, today we are learning to correctly use the forms of the verb είμαι. It can be used as a semantic verb in the meaning of “to be” and a linking verb in the meaning of “is”.

Ο φίλος μου είναι Έλληνας - My friend is Greek.

Verb conjugations:

I -(εγω) είμαι

You - (εσύ) είσαι

He - (αυτός) είναι

She (αυτή) είναι

We are (εμείς) είμαστε

You are (εσείς) είστε

They (m.) (αυτοί) είναι

They (female) (αυτές) είναι

Use:

Είμαι απο τη Ρωσία. - I'm from Russia.

Είμαστε απο την Κύπρο. – We are from Cyprus.

Past tense:

This verb has only one past tense form - the imperfect, which is used when in Russian we say “byl”, “byla”, “bylo”, “byli”.

Useful words

QUALITIES

1. Good - bad καλός - κακός

2. Beautiful - ugly όμορφος - άσχημος

3. Old - young γέρος - νέος

4. Old - new

παλιός – καινούργιος, νέος

5. Rich - poor πλούσιος - φτωχός

6. Familiar - unfamiliar

γνωστός - άγνωστος

7. Cheerful - boring

εύθυμος – ανιαρός, σκυθρωπός

8. Smart - stupid

έξυπνος – κουτός, ανόητος

9. Strong - weak δυνατός - αδύνατος

10. Big - small μεγάλος - μικρός

Greek. Lesson 8: Pronoun Forms and Verb Conjugation

Today we will continue the conversation about pronouns. They say that the most common word in almost any language is the word “I”. But this does not apply to Greek. Greeks (and Cypriots, naturally, too) practically do not use personal pronouns. They do not say “I see” “you see”, just “I see” (βλέπω), “you see” (βλέπεις).

You can guess who we are talking about by the form of the verb and the meaning of the sentence.

I still wrote the forms of personal pronouns for you. In brackets is what corresponds to our I, you. He she…. And next to it is written what will be most useful to you - forms accusative case. You will have to use these pronouns quite often.

Monosyllabic personal pronouns have the following accusative forms:

(εγώ) με Me (εμείς) μας us

(εσύ) σεYou (εσείς) σας you

(αυτός) τον His (αυτοί) τους theirs

(αυτή) την Her (αυτές) τις theirs

Monosyllabic personal pronouns in a sentence are placed immediately before the verb, for example:

Την ξέρω καλά. I know her well.

Σας παρακαλώ. I ask you.

Τον βλέπω. I see him.

Verbs

In Greek, as in Russian, verbs change according to persons, tenses, voices and moods. Verbs can be divided into two large groups:

1) Verbs of the first conjugation. Have stress on the penultimate syllable: μαθαίνω, διαβάζω

2) Verbs of II conjugation. Have stress on the last syllable: αγαπώ, μπορώ

Verbs of the first conjugation change according to persons in the present tense as follows:

Note: Pronouns are in parentheses because they are often omitted in colloquial speech.

Useful words

1) Long – short μακρύς –

κοντός (σύντομος)

2) Wide - narrow πλατύς, φαρδύς - στενός

3) High - low ψηλός - χαμηλός -κοντός

4) Light - dark βαθύς - ρηχός

5) Expensive – cheap ακριβός – φτηνός

6) Fast - slow γρήγορος - αργός

7) Light - heavy ελαφρύς - βαρύς

8) Soft - hard μαλακός - σκληρός

9) Thick - thin χοντρός - λεπτός

10) Clean – dirty καθαρός –

βρώμικος, λερωμένος

Greek. Lesson 9: Conjugating verbs in the present tense

In the last issue of the newspaper we learned the conjugation of the verb γράφω (to write).

Let's repeat.

γράφω [grapho] I write

γράφεις [graphic] you write

γράφει [graphics] he/she/it writes

γράφουμε [graphume] we write

γράφετε [graphete] you write

γράφουν [grafun] they write

In the previous lesson, we looked at the category of verbs that have stress on the penultimate syllable and are conjugated like the verb γράφω. In this lesson we will look at verbs of the second category, in which the stress falls on the last syllable and which are conjugated as the verb αγαπώ “I love”.

Remember that in Greek the present tense describes how actions are taking place in this moment, and repetitive actions, for example, “now I drink coffee” (continuous), “every morning I drink coffee” (simple). Both of these actions in Greek express the present tense, i.e. πίνω καφέ τώρα, πίνω καφέ κάθε πρωί.

Verbαγαπώ (I love)

Unit number

αγαπώ [ayapo] I love

αγαπάς [ayapas] you love

αγαπά [ayapa] he\she\it loves

Plural

αγαπούμε [ayapume] we love

αγαπάτε [ayapate] you love

αγαπόυν [ayapun] they love

The verb ζητώ “I ask, I seek” is conjugated like the verb αγαπώ

Verbμπορώ (I can)

A number of verbs ending in ώ as αγαπώ have other endings when conjugated. One example is the verb μπορώ (boro) "I can".

Unit number

μπορώ [boro] I can

μπορείς [Boris] you can

μπορεί [bori] he\she\it can

Plural

μπορούμε [borume] we can

μπορείτε [fight] you can

μπορούν [borun] they can

Παρακαλώ [parakalo] “I ask” is another verb, conjugated as μπορώ. It can be used as an equivalent to "please" or "pleased to oblige" in response to "thank you."

Unfortunately no easy way distinguish which of the verbs of this category ending in ώ is conjugated as αγαπώ, and which as μπορώ. Gradually you will remember them.

In the next lesson I will present you with a list of the most common Greek verbs(naturally, I selected exactly those that you can use immediately after reading the lesson).

Grechical Lesson 10: Verbs of the second conjugation. Exceptions to the rules

Verbs of the second conjugation are divided into two subgroups, and are conjugated depending on which subgroup they belong to:

The method of changing the persons of verbs of the second conjugation must be remembered along with the meaning of the verb itself. In modern Greek dictionaries, after the verbs of the second conjugation of the first subgroup, there is usually the letter alpha (α) in parentheses, and after the verbs of the second subgroup, epsilon (ε).

If there are two verbs in your sentence, then most likely they are connected by the particle να.

Please note that (unlike Russian) their forms are the same.

Θέλω να διαβάζω καλά βιβλία.

Ξέρω να γράφω ελληνικά.

I can write in Greek.

If person or number changes, then the change occurs in both verbs:

Ξέρουμε να γράφουμε.

We can write.

Ξέρουν να γράφουν.

They can write.

Verbs 1 conjugation

λέω - speak, τρώω - eat, eat, ακούω - listen, κλαίω - cry, πάω - go are conjugated as follows:

Λέει λένε

In the last two lessons we looked at the rules for conjugating Greek verbs. Today you can add 20 new verbs to your dictionary.

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First group Α (first conjugation verbs, group 1)

Verbs in this group are stressed on the second syllable from the end and always end in -ω in the infinitive.

How to correctly conjugate type A verbs using the example of the verb κάνω= do

εγώ κάν ω ..................................................... ..I do
εσύ κάνεις .................................................you do
αυτός/ αυτή/ αυτό κάνει ...................he, she, it does
εμείς κάνουμε ................................................ we do
εσείς κάνετε ................................................you do
αυτοί/αυτές/αυτά κάνουν(ε) ........................they do

Verbs are conjugated in the same way:

ξέρω = I know

βλέπω = I look

διαλέγω = I choose

καταλαβαίνω= I understand

θέλ ω = I want

έχ ω = have

πίν ω = drink

κάν ω = I do

πληρών ω = crying

αγοράζ ω = buying

δουλεύ ​​ω = working

αγκαλιάζ ω = hug

ικετεύω = I beg

Second group AB (first conjugation verbs group 2)

There are very few verbs in this group, they are very similar to the verbs of group A, the stress is also on the second syllable from the end and always end in -ω in the infinitive.

But the endings of these verbs are slightly different from the previous group. It is better to remember the verbs included in this group right away, in any case, there are not many of them:

πάω - to go, to go

λέω - to say

ακούω - listen, hear

τρώω - there is

κλαίω - cry

φταίω - to be guilty

To conjugate a verb, you need to replace the ending -ω with the ending corresponding to the pronoun.

πάω - (go, go)

Εγώ πάω - I'm coming

Εσύ πάς - You are coming

Αυτός / αυτή / αυτό πάει - He/she/it is coming

Εμείς πάμε - We are coming

Εσείς πάτε - You are coming

Αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά πάνε - They are coming

And let's immediately remember a few useful combinations:

πάω με το αυτοκίνητο - go by car

πάω με το αεροπλάνο - fly on an airplane

πάω με το πλοίο - sail on a ship

πάω με τα πόδια - walk

Πάμε στην ξενάγηση σήμερα το μεσημέρι. – We are going on an excursion this afternoon. (σήμερα το μεσημέρι – this afternoon)
Ο καιρός φταίει για την ακύρωση της πτήσης. – The weather is to blame for the flight cancellation. (η ακύρωση – cancellation, η πτήση – flight)
Τρως θαλασσινά προϊόντα; – Do you eat seafood? (τα θαλασσινά προϊόντα – seafood)
Ακούτε την ανακοίνωση; – Do you hear the announcement? (η ανακοίνωση – announcements e

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Group B1 (verbs of the second conjugation group 1)

Verbs in this group end in -άω in the infinitive with the emphasis on -ά. To conjugate a verb, you need to replace the ending -άω with the ending corresponding to the pronoun.

αγαπ ώ ή αγαπάω - to love

αγαπ άς

αγαπά ή αγαπάει

αγαπ άμε ή αγαπούμε

αγαπ άτε

αγαπ ούν(ε)

Pωτάω - to ask
Απαντάω - answer
Μιλάω - to speak
Γελάω - laugh
Χαιρετάω - say hello
Χαμογελάω - smile
Ζητάω - to ask
Φιλάω - to kiss
Φυλάω - to protect
Κοιτάω - watch
Χτυπάω - to beat, knock

Η Άννα μιλάει με τον υπάλληλο του τουριστικού γραφείου. – Anna is talking to a travel agency employee. (ο υπάλληλος - employee, το τουριστικό γραφείο - travel agency)
Στην δουλειά απαντάω στα γράμματα. – At work I answer letters.
Με βοηθάς να βρω το φαρμακείο; – Can you help me find a pharmacy? (το φαρμακείο – pharmacy)
Μιλάτε ελληνικά; – Do you speak Greek?

Group B2 (verbs of the second conjugation group 2)

Verbs in this group end in -ώ in the stressed infinitive. The endings themselves are almost no different from group A, but the emphasis always falls on the ending. To conjugate a verb, you need to replace the ending -ώ with the ending corresponding to the pronoun.

θεωρ είς

θεωρ εί

θεωρ ούμε

θεωρ είτε

θεωρ ούν

αργώ - to be late

μπορώ - to be able

τηλεφωνώ - to call

οδηγώ - to drive

συγχωρώ - to forgive

Αργούμε στο αεροδρόμιο. - We are late for the airport. (το αεροδρόμιο – airport)
Οδηγείς το αυτοκίνητο στο εξωτερικό; – Do you drive a car in a foreign country? (το αυτοκίνητο – car)
Τηλεφωνούν στην Πρεσβεία. – They call the Embassy. (η Πρεσβεία – embassy)

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Verb group G1

This group includes verbs ending -ομαι:

έρχομαι - to come

κάθομαι - sit

σκέφτομαι - to think

σέβομαι - respect

Γίνομαι - to become
Σηκώνομαι - to rise

Φαίνομαι - to seem

Reflexive verbs:

Pλένω το παιδί. - I'm washing the baby. (πλένω – wash)
Πλένομαι. - I'm taking a shower.

To conjugate such a verb, you need to replace the ending -ομαι with the ending corresponding to the pronoun.

έρχ ομαι (to come)

Εγώ έρχ ομαι I'm coming

Εσύ έρχ εσαι You come

Αυτός / αυτή / αυτό έρχεται - He / she / it comes

Ε μείς ερχόμαστε - We are coming

Εσείς έρχεστε - You come

Αυτοί / αυτές / αυτά έρχονται - They come

Σηκώνομαι νωρίς. - I get up, I get up early. (σηκώνομαι – get up, νωρίς – early)
Ερχόμαστε εδώ κάθε καλοκαίρι. – We come here every summer. (έρχομαι - to come, εδώ - here, here, κάθε - every, το καλοκαίρι - summer)
Το Σαββατοκύριακο καθόμαστε έξω μέχρι αργά. - We're late on weekends. (, το Σαββατοκύριακο – weekend, αργά – late)

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Verb group G2

This group includes verbs ending -άμαι.

There are only 4 verbs in this group that need to be learned. Their endings are slightly different from the endings of group G1.

θυμάμαι - remember

φοβάμαι - to be afraid

λυπάμαι - to regret

κοιμάμαι - to sleep

To conjugate a verb, you need to replace the ending -άμαι with the ending corresponding to the pronoun.

κοιμάμαι - to sleep

Εγώ κοιμ άμαι - I'm sleeping

Εσύ κοιμ άσαι - You are sleeping

Αυτός / αυτή / αυτόκοιμάται - He/she/it is sleeping

Εμείς κοιμόμαστε - We are sleeping

Εσείς κοιμόσαστε - You are sleeping

Αυτοί / αυτές / αυτάκοιμούνται - They are sleeping

Κοιμάμαι μέχρι τις 9 το πρωί. – I sleep until 9 am. (κοιμάμαι – sleep, μέχρι – before, το πρωί – morning)
Φοβάται να πετάει. - He is afraid to fly. (φοβάμαι – to be afraid, να πετάει – to fly)
Λυπάμαι πολύ. - I'm really sorry. (λυπάμαι – regret, regret, πολύ – very much)
Με θυμάσαι; - Do you remember me? (με – me, θυμάμαι – remember)

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