Over the past two years, two groups of ichthyologists - Astral-American and British - have independently announced that they have found the world's smallest fish. Both times the media, as if nothing had happened, disseminated this information.
Over the past two years, two groups of ichthyologists - Astral-American and British - have independently announced that they have found the world's smallest fish. Both times the media, as if nothing had happened, disseminated this information.
The irony of fate lies, however, in the fact that the real record holder was discovered back in 1925, but in the pursuit of a sensation, everyone simply forgot about him. In 2004, Australian ichthyologists announced the discovery of the world's smallest stout infantfish, found in the coral lagoons of the Great Barrier Reef. The length of adults of this species is 7-8 mm. But only a year has passed, and everyone has safely forgotten about this discovery.
The other day, British experts announced a new record. The "world's smallest fish" discovered by them lives in the peat bogs of Sumatra. The length of an adult female Paedocypris progenetica is 7.9 mm, which is about the same, if not more, than that of the Australian record holder. Males are somewhat larger - their sizes reach 10.3 mm. Since it is hardly possible to confidently decide which of the contenders is smaller, it would be logical to recognize one of them as the champion among marine fish, and the other among freshwater fish.
They probably would have done so if a new record holder had not unexpectedly appeared. It turns out that information about him was published in March last year. A large review by Professor Ted Pietsch of the University of Washington analyzed the sex differences in deep-sea fish. In many species, males and females are strikingly different in shape, and in size they can vary dozens of times.
The review contains many amazing drawings and photographs. So they have no competitors in the fight for the title of the smallest fish in the world. Concurrently, Photocorynus spiniceps males are also the smallest vertebrates on Earth.
It only remains to add that this species was first described 80 years ago by the British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan.
It turns out that its modern researchers, who recently announced a sensational discovery, were rather inattentive in verifying their statements, missing information about both Photocorynus spiniceps and the stout infantfish found by the Australians.
By the way, the Australians claimed that they found their fish back in 1979 and for 25 years (!) did not announce it, trying to make sure that their find was unique. At this point, the language does not turn to reproach scientists for dishonesty. It would probably be more correct to say that this whole situation speaks of the unenviable state of information support in zoology, even if it is not easy for specialists to find the necessary information.published
Everyone knows that a whale is a very large animal, but whales are not fish, but mammals. They cannot be called the largest fish.
But among the fish, there are also great views that even in the title there is a comparison with a whale.
It's a whale shark the biggest fish. The body length of a whale shark can be up to fifteen meters, its weight can reach 10-12 tons. They are indeed comparable in size to some species of whales - for example, an adult gray whale is approximately the same size. The whale shark, despite its intimidating appearance, is completely harmless and feeds (also like many whales) on small marine organisms -.
Giant fish are not only among sharks. For example, a beluga, an inhabitant of the Caspian Sea, which comes to spawn in fresh water rivers, can reach nine meters in length and weigh one and a half tons. And the largest of freshwater fish is the arapaima, which lives in the Amazon. This "fish" weighs up to 4 centners with a body length of 4.5 meters.
The largest of the bony fish is the moonfish. The length of her body is about 3 meters. But due to its rounded shape, it weighs up to 2 tons. And here the smallest fish- this is at the same time the smallest of all vertebrates living on Earth. It is called the goby pandaka, lives in lakes in the Philippine Islands. The body length of this tiny creature is only 1 centimeter.
It is impossible to ignore another record holder among vertebrates. The string fish has an amazing ratio of length and width of the body. A sort of "worm", up to one and a half meters long, only 2 cm thick. Thus, the length of her body exceeds the width by 75 times!
A few more words about whales. Not all members of the whale group are large in size. Let's say a piebald dolphin, Russian name Commerson's dolphin (dolphins are also representatives of the cetacean order) is not at all large, its body length is 120-150 centimeters, and its weight is 20-30 kilograms. Spotted dolphins live in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of South America. And the largest dolphin, the killer whale, is also not impressive in its size compared to whales. The length of his body does not exceed 8-9 meters.
Whales and dolphins - and this is also a kind of record - are the only mammals that never go to land. Walruses, seals and other pinnipeds (mammals that live in the aquatic environment almost constantly), albeit for a short time, but get ashore when the time comes to procreate.
But the whales - unless, having played out, jump out of the water with noise, and then immediately return to the element that has become their native element. But once their ancestors walked on dry land. What happened, what events forced them to go to sea forever, one can only guess about this.
In the photo, the largest fish in the world is the whale shark, and the smallest fish in the world is the pandak goby.
Small aquarium fish or nano fish are just as beautiful creatures as their larger counterparts, and they are not only fish for small aquariums, sometimes they are not. But below you will find the names and photos of the smallest aquarium fish, the most famous, commercially available and popular. These are not all representatives of such a group, this is only a small sample.
First, let's figure out what small aquarium fish are. Even in the last century, small fish were considered 4-7 cm in length. However, time has made its own adjustments, and very small, so-called nano aquariums have gained particular popularity. At present, a nano aquarium is usually referred to as an aquarium with a volume of 5 to 50 liters. Of course, it is difficult to keep fish in such volumes, especially a group of fish.
On the other hand, natural aquariums are now very popular, with many living plants, bright and green. In such a landscape, any, the palest fish, will look great. Professionals say that an ordinary silver fish will look even more attractive. If earlier the most common fish for a small aquarium were guppies and blue neon, now you can find much smaller fish on sale. We will focus on them.
This small aquarium fish broke into the world of aquarism only in 2006, and immediately captivated professionals and amateurs. In just 10 years, it has become incredibly popular, thanks to small size and stunning beauty. scientific name of these fish is translated as "heavenly fish adorned with pearls." They are only 2 cm in size! It is an ideal candidate for a nano aquarium.
Although they are not schooling fish, they are best kept in a group, and best in a species tank. For a galaxy microassembly group, an aquarium with a volume of 40 liters is suitable. Water parameters do not really matter, the water should only be clean.
Of course, representatives of this species are one of the smallest and most hardy aquarium fish. Males are usually no more than 3.5 cm long, while females can grow up to 6 cm. The variety of varieties of guppies is sometimes amazing, and you can always choose to your taste. Endler's guppies, for example, are very popular and always on sale.
In a small aquarium, it is better to start only males, since with females the population will constantly increase. 3 males can be placed in an aquarium with a volume of 20 liters. For males and females, it is better to take a larger container - 30-50 liters.
Small aquarium fish are not very popular, but in Lately Thanks in large part to the Internet, dwarf tetradons are in high demand. The fact is that they have amazingly interesting behavior, and watching tetradons is a pleasure. Their maximum size is only 2.5 cm, they are great for keeping in a nano aquarium. However, pygmy tetradons can exhibit territorial and very aggressive behavior.
A small, bright, beautiful fish, no more than 2 cm long. Since this is a tetra, you need to keep the fish in a flock, from 6 individuals or more. For a small group, an aquarium of 30-40 liters is enough. It is better to choose a panoramic aquarium, elongated in length, and not a cube. Amanda tetras are ideal peaceful fish for nature aquariums and are easy to keep, just keep the water clean.
It is also advisable to supplement nano aquariums with bottom dwellers, which will help to clear the bottom of food debris and create movement in the lower part of the aquarium. Dwarf Corydoras are ideal for this as the largest size they can grow to is 2-3 cm. They are the smallest aquarium catfish known. Note, however, that these species love oxygenated water, good current and room for swimming, so it is still recommended to take a larger aquarium for them.
The name of these little ones speaks for itself - their size is no more than 2 cm. Erythromicron microsorting is almost as popular as galaxy microsorting, and almost as attractive. It is better to keep this species in a flock; for 15-20 fish, an aquarium with a volume of 35-60 liters is enough. Keeping fish in a group and in a large aquarium is recommended due to the aggressive dominant behavior of males. It is not recommended for beginners to start these fish, since the water in the aquarium with them must be crystal clear.
This species has long been known in the aquarium trade and is often used in natural panoramic aquariums. Espei grow up to 3 cm and it is better to keep them in a group of 7 individuals. For a group, an aquarium of 35-75 liters is suitable.
Very beautiful yellowish fish with dark horizontal stripes, 2.5 - 3.5 cm. Outwardly, they resemble zebrafish. Little known, not very popular species. But for a group of 10 fish, an aquarium of 30-40 liters is enough. Nannostomus adore driftwood and living plants.
Outwardly, not very bright, but quite attractive viviparous aquarium fish, appeared on sale recently. Maximum size 2.5 cm, and 10 liters is enough for a pair of fish. For 7-8 fish, an aquarium of 30-40 liters is ideal. Sufficiently hardy, undemanding fish.
Babies 2 - 2.5 cm long with an unusual body shape resembling a tree leaf. Like all such fish, they live in the upper part of the aquarium, closer to the surface of the water, so they need to provide a sufficiently long aquarium, at least 50 cm long and 30 cm wide.
This is another tetra-baby 2 cm long, quite rare, it will be difficult to acquire it. Surprisingly slender silvery body looks great against the background of snags and plants. They contain a group of 6-10 fish, for a group it is recommended to take an aquarium from 45 liters.
This dwarf viviparous fish is gaining popularity and becoming more and more available for sale, and also quite inexpensive. Males 2 cm, females 3 cm. The minimum aquarium required for the life of these fish is 12 liters. Formosa is not demanding on water parameters, it can live even in lightly salted water.
Surprisingly beautiful, bright fish with a length of only 1.5 - 2 cm. Despite, however, their small size, microrasboras need enough space for swimming and for territories of spawning pairs with aggressive males. It is better to use an aquarium 45 cm long and 30 cm wide, about 40 liters in volume. The dwelling for these fish is equipped as for the fish of the Amazon basin, with dense growing and floating vegetation.
The largest officially recorded size of this fish is 16.7 mm. This is probably the smallest aquarium fish, outwardly danionella looks more like a fry. Despite the small size for keeping a group of fish (ideally 15-20), an aquarium of 40-50 liters is recommended. The strange name of the fish was due to two huge "fangs" - bone growths located on the upper jaw (in males). On sale, however, you are unlikely to find this fish - it is still a very rare species.
In the last few decades, such a direction as the nanoaquarium has begun to develop in the aquarium business. The name speaks for itself - these are small aquariums with a capacity of up to 30 liters, as a rule. Of course, special fish become the inhabitants of nanoaquariums - the smallest ones.
midget fish
Wildlife is diverse, there are a lot of unusual things in it. Who would have thought that the smallest fish in the world lives in water, the acidity of which is about 100 times higher than neutral rain water! But it is so.
The midget fish, only 8 millimeters long, is found in some of the Indonesian swamps of the island of Sumatra. Scientists, mistaking it at first for a fry, gave it the Latin name Paedocypris Progenetica, classified it as the closest relative of the famous zebrafish from the carp family, and recognized it as the smallest vertebrate animal on the planet.
In order to survive in extreme conditions, evolution has rid Paedocypris Progenetica of many of the functional traits of the vast majority of fish:
- the body is almost transparent,
- the skeleton is made up of several tiny vertebrae,
- there is no sign of a cranium, rendering the miniature brain completely unprotected.
The female of this fish lays only a few eggs, almost invisible to the human eye. It is not known for sure whether such a fish is kept at home.
In the Philippines, there is another midget - mistichthys. The tiny 13mm gobies are well known to the locals who make delicious jerky out of them. Because of this, the fish is now less and less common and is on the verge of extinction.
The smallest fish in Europe is considered to be the Gillet's pygmy goby. This small living creature was found in the sea near the Shetland Islands. The fish has a color that allows it to easily merge with the bottom covered with shells, which makes it difficult to study its structure and habits well.
Rasboras - tiny inhabitants of aquariums
Rasboras, or microrasboras as they are sometimes called, are the smallest known inhabitants of miniature aquariums. This does not apply to all varieties of these domestic fish.
Of course, there are parsings about 2.5 centimeters long. Giants among the pygmies! But Boraras micros (micro parsing, or baby), as well as Boraras naevus (nevus parsing) in adulthood do not exceed 13 mm.
Under natural conditions, these representatives of the carp family live in fresh water bodies of Southeast Asia with a weak current. It is thanks to the development of nanoaquariums that rasboras have become quite popular.
Fish are considered unpretentious, but water parameters for their maintenance are very important. The fact is that in nature they are accustomed to soft water with high acidity (the pH level is only 4 units), so at first they need to create similar conditions for them.
Gradually, by changing the water, the level of acid-base balance is brought to 6-6.5 units, and the hardness of the water is normal for the area. It takes about two months for such acclimatization at home, and then the fish get used to the new water parameters. Its temperature must be maintained in the range from +24 to +28 degrees.
Rasboras are insectivorous animals. In a home aquarium, they can be fed frozen foods such as daphnia or brine shrimp.
But, according to the opinion of reputable aquarists, it is better to give live food to the parsing - nematodes (microworms, as they are also called). This is especially important if you plan to breed these aquarium babies. Of course, the food should be small.
In order for the fish to feel in conditions close to natural, the bottom of the aquarium is covered with tree leaves, and small snags are installed. Gradually, the leaves decompose in the water, becoming a habitat for various microorganisms.
The tannins released during decomposition help to reduce the hardness of water and change its color to a darker one.
Fish are usually kept in flocks of 6 to 15 individuals in aquariums with a capacity of no more than 30 liters.
Breeding Boraras micros
The likelihood of breeding is increased if the rasboras are fed live food. During the pairing period, the yellow color of the males becomes very bright, and the bodies of the females, on the contrary, turn pale, their abdomen swells.
The spawning of fish is so fast that it may not be noticed.
Eggs are deposited, as a rule, on the leaves of aquarium plants. There are very few eggs in total, which the male takes care of at the first stage - from 12 to 18.
Immediately upon completion incubation period the male completely ceases to pay attention to the offspring. But this is not scary, since rasboras do not eat fry.
In principle, it is possible to keep a couple of rasboras - the smallest aquarium fish - in a liter nanoaquarium. But the aquarium from 15 liters will look most impressive, where there is enough space for a flock of these frisky babies. True, Boraras micros are quite rare in domestic pet stores.
The most unpretentious and small aquarium fish with a photo
The most unpretentious aquarium fish, the smallest aquarium fish. TOP 10 NOT DIFFICULT FISH Keeping fish is not as difficult as it seems. Nevertheless, aquarium fish, like any living creature, require care and time, which many people simply do not have due to their busyness !!! This topic was left on the basis of the following requirements for aquarium fish: unpretentious fish, small fish, easy-to-keep fish, the hardiest aquarium fish, tenacious fish, easy fish. 1 place
Guppy
I think many connoisseurs of aquarium fish will agree that the first place is given to the guppies.
Everyone probably knows these fish ... even those who have never seen aquariums. We can say that these fish are the fish of all the children of the former USSR (were in all Soviet aquariums))). The fish is very beautiful and unpretentious. The tail fin is its beauty. The unpretentiousness of the fish lies in the fact that it can withstand "difficult conditions of detention." I happened to see an aquarium with guppies without aeration, without filtering, no plants, no proper feeding and so on. - horror, a terrible dream of an aquarist. However, guppies managed not only to survive in such an aquarium, but even tried to breed. So it's definitely not worth it to scoff at the fish !!! But their endurance and vitality is sometimes amazing.
GUPPIES ARE A SYMBIOSIS OF BEAUTY, UNpretentiousness AND SIMPLICITY + GUPPIES BREED "LIKE RABBITS" INDEPENDENTLY - YOU WILL ALWAYS HAVE AN UPDATE OF "AQUARIUM PAINTS" You can read more about GUPPIES here...
2nd place
swordsmen
A very famous fish, as a result of persistent selection, a large number of swordtails of various colors and shapes were bred. Males differ from females in the presence of a "sword" on the lower edge of the caudal fin.
Swordtails are kept in a flock in a densely planted aquarium. Minimum size aquarium from 10 liters(but more is better). A good volume of an aquarium for a small group of swordtails is 50 liters.
An interesting fact about these fish is that the female swordtail can "at some" moment become a male, i.e. change gender. This is due to the struggle for the vitality of the species.
3rd place
Catfish corridors
It is worth starting with the fact that all aquarium catfish are a priori unpretentious. Moreover, they are "orderlies of the aquarium world": they clean the soil and eat the remains of life. Corydoratuses were selected from all catfishes, because in addition to gills, they also have intestinal respiration, i.e. if the aeration is turned off, they will live for a long time.
Pisces are very peaceful, calm. They slowly swim along the bottom in search of food. In the aquarium, they are usually kept in a flock. The fish do not pose any threat to other inhabitants of the aquarium.
4th place
Mollies
Moths, like guppies, are viviparous fish. Unpretentious and tolerant of bad conditions content. Nevertheless, they are more capricious than the "three winners".
Fish suitable for beginners and young aquarists. The fish are the most difficult to keep from all representatives of the pecil family - they are demanding on the conditions of detention, they do not tolerate low temperatures, some like "salty" water, like bright light, etc.
5th place
Tetras - characins
All tetras are small, nimble, not whimsical fish. However, they will not be able to survive in "Spartan conditions" like guppies. They need aeration and filtration. You can keep them in an aquarium in a group (from 5 individuals) with a volume of at least 35 liters of water.
6th place
Ternetia
A very famous little fish. The fish are energetic and active. The fish get along well with other types of fish. Somehow, thorns lived with me even with small cichlids. An aquarium with a volume of at least 30 liters of water, densely planted with plants is recommended. Aeration, filtration - yes!
7th place
Danio (rerio, pink)
Starting from the 5th place in the TOP, all fish require unpretentious attention. Danki are different from them - agility and movement speed. They can get along with many types of fish, even with fish of medium and increased aggression: angelfish, gourami and even small cichlids.
8th place
Thorakatum
One of the famous large catfish of the aquarium world and an excellent aquarium orderlies. Peaceful and unpretentious to the content. They can be kept in a communal tank with plants and plenty of hiding places. The fish do not pose any threat to other inhabitants of the aquarium. Compatible with all kinds of fish. Only 100% aggressors and predators are not recommended as neighbors.
9th place
Gourami
Gourami are medium sized fish. Entered this TOP due to gill labyrinth - fish do not need aeration they breathe atmospheric air. Really peaceful fish, but sometimes aggression is shown. Some, individually taken individuals, are even very aggressive, here, as they say, how lucky. You can read more about GURAMI here...
10th place
Barbus
Barbs are schooling, small fish that can stand up for themselves! Their If you decide to have barbs, I recommend that you set aside a separate barb aquarium for this. "Pirate" disposition, the ability to stand up for themselves - deserve 10th place. You can read more about BARBUSES here...
Of course, the above TOP is conditional - always remember the words
Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupery
"We are responsible for those we have tamed"
We also recommend that you look at the colorful brochure "Popular types of aquarium fish" This brochure contains all the popular types of fish, with a description of the conditions for their maintenance, compatibility, feeding + photo.
(to view or download, click on the picture)
An interesting video about unpretentious and small aquarium fish
Additionally, we suggest you look at a large photo selection of small and unpretentious aquarium fish
Name of aquarium fish photo catalog video species.
NAMES OF AQUARIUM FISHES.
Goldfish appeared almost more than a thousand years ago, the first color varieties of the Chinese goldfish. It is from them that the goldfish with all its numerous species leads its pedigree. The aquarium for goldfish should be large, with coarse pebbles or gravel.
COMET
Beautiful fish "in the shower" remained crucians and, like crucians, they dig in the ground, stir up water and dig up plants. You have to have powerful filters in the aquarium and plant plants with a strong root system or in pots.
Body length up to 22 cm. The body is rounded, with long veiled fins. Coloration orange, red, black or spotted. Through many years of selection, aquarists of the Ancient East managed to bring out a huge number of beautiful varieties goldfish. Among them: telescopes, veil-tails, celestial eye, or astrologer, shubunkin and others. They differ from each other in body shape, fins, color and have long lost their resemblance to crucian carp.
COMET
Ancistrus
A rather small fish that can live in aquariums from 30 liters. The classic color is brown. Often these small catfish are confused with larger brothers - pterygoplichts. In general, a very hardworking fish and it is good to clean growths.
ANCISTRUS
Sword Bearer- one of the most popular aquarium fish. It occurs naturally in the waters of Honduras, Central America, Guatemala and Mexico.
The fish is viviparous. Males differ from females in the presence of a process in the form of a sword, hence the name. Possesses interesting feature, in the absence of males, the female can change sex and grow a "sword". They are also known to eat algae and snails.
corridor
Very cute and nimble catfish corridor. We would compare them to Pomeranians in the dog world. Bottom small fish that does not require special conditions, feeds on what it can find at the bottom. As a rule, they are 2-10 centimeters long. If you don’t know who to plant in the aquarium, buy a corridor.
Botsia clown
This type of bots is the most popular among aquarists. Most likely due to the fact that the clowns look very impressive, as can be seen in the photo. The peculiarity of the fish is the spikes that are under the eyes. These spines can be extended when the fish is in danger. They can live up to 20 years.
Sumatran barb
Perhaps one of the most spectacular types of barbs - for this it is considered one of the most popular of its kind. It is necessary to keep them in a flock, which makes the fish even more spectacular. The size in the aquarium is up to 4-5 centimeters.
siamese seaweed- peaceful and very active fish. The best assistant in the fight against algae.
It lives in the waters of Thailand and the Malaysian Peninsula.
In nature, it grows up to 16 cm, in captivity much less. Life expectancy in an aquarium can be 10 years. It eats algae of almost all kinds and even "Vietnamese".
Content: 24 - 26 °C; dH 4 - 20°; pH 6.5 - 7
The most interesting and beautiful fish, a representative of the Cichlid family. This fish is native to South America.
Discus are calm, peaceful and a little shy. They live in the middle layers of water, do not get along well with scalars and highly active fish. It should be kept in a group of 6 or more individuals. Very demanding on water temperature. If the temperature is below 27 ° C, then the discus get sick, refuse to eat and die.
Content: 27 - 33 °C; dH up to 12°; pH 5 - 6
The most unpretentious fish, ideal for beginner aquarists. Habitat - Northern part of South America and islands of Barbados and Trinidad.
The male has a luxurious tail with a bright and beautiful pattern. The female is twice as large as the male and not as bright. This fish is viviparous. The aquarium must be closed. It is better to keep them in a species aquarium, as active neighbors can damage their veiled tails. Guppies are omnivores.
Content: 20 - 26 °C; dH up to 25°; pH 6.5 - 8.5
Shark barbus (bala)
Shark bala or barb is a fish that was so named as a result of its resemblance to sharks (this can be seen from the photo of the aquarium fish next to the description). These fish are large, can grow up to 30-40 centimeters, so it is better to keep them together with other large barbs in a volume of 150 liters or more.
Fighting fish. It occurs naturally in Southeast Asia.
The only drawback is that the males are very aggressive towards each other. They can grow up to 5 cm in length. Surprisingly, this fish breathes atmospheric air, due to a special labyrinth organ. The content of this fish does not require special knowledge. It is desirable to have an aquarium from 3 liters. Diversity in feed is encouraged.
Content: 25 - 28 °C; dH 5 - 15°; pH 6 - 8
Peaceful and beautiful fish. Belongs to the Labyrinth family. They are found in the waters of the large islands of Indonesia, the Malay Peninsula, and southern Vietnam. They get along with any neighbors, grow up to 10 cm. It lives mainly in the upper and middle layers of the water. They are most active during the daytime. Recommended for beginner aquarists. It is necessary to keep in an aquarium of at least 100 liters with live plants and bright lighting.
Content: 24 - 26 °C; dH 8 - 10°; pH 6.5 - 7
Danio rerio
A small fish up to 5 centimeters long. It is not difficult to recognize it due to its color - a black body with longitudinal white stripes. Like all danios, a nimble fish that never sits still.
Telescope
Telescopes come in gold and black. In size, as a rule, they are not very large, up to 10-12 cm, so they can live in aquariums from 60 liters. The fish is spectacular and unusual, suitable for those who love everything original.
Mollies black
There are black, orange, yellow, and mestizos. In shape, they are a cross between guppies and swordtails. The fish is larger than the relatives described above, so it requires aquariums from 40 liters.
Pecilia
Pecilia are the personification of a whole genus - Pecilia. They can come in a variety of colors, from bright orange to variegated with black patches. Fish can grow up to 5-6 centimeters.
macropod
An equal fish that does not like encroachment on its territory. Although beautiful, it requires proper treatment. It is better not to plant them with their own kind, there are enough females and males of this species in the aquarium, they can get along with neons, guppies and other not large species.
A mobile, schooling, peaceful and very shy fish. It comes from the Rio Negro basin.
In the aquarium grows up to 3.5 cm, life expectancy up to 5 years. It should be kept in a flock of 10 or more individuals. They should not be planted with large fish, as neon can easily become their prey. Keeps in the lower and upper layers. The size of the aquarium is selected at the rate of 15 - 20 liters per pair of individuals. Forage: small bloodworm, dry flaky.
Content: 22 - 26 °C; dH up to 8°; pH 5 - 6.5
SCALARIA- angel fish. It is found in South America in the Amazon and Orinoco rivers.
This fish has been known to aquarists for many years. She is able to decorate with her presence absolutely any aquarium. This calm and schooling fish with a life expectancy of 10 years. Keep it should be a group of 4 - 6 individuals. A large and hungry angelfish can eat a small fish, such as neon. And such a fish as a barb can easily pluck its fins and antennae. Prefers live food.
Content: 24 - 27 °C; dH 6 - 15°; pH 6.5 - 7.5
Tetra
Tetra fish love when there are a lot of living plants in the aquarium, and, accordingly, oxygen. The body of the fish is slightly flattened, the predominant colors are red, black and silver.
TETRA-
Ternetia
Ternetia is also called black tetra. The classic color is black and silver, with black vertical stripes. The fish is quite popular, so finding it in your city is not difficult.
Rainbows
The size of the fish is different, but in general they do not grow more than 8-10 centimeters. There are also smaller types. All fish are beautiful, have a silvery color, with different shades. The fish are schooling and live more calmly in a group.
ASTRONOTHUS- a large, calm and slightly shy fish. Found in the Amazon basin.
In the aquarium it can grow up to 25 cm, life expectancy can be more than 10 years. Little neighbors can eat. The aquarium is selected at the rate of 100 liters per individual. There should be no sharp scenery, as astronotus in a panic can injure themselves. The aquarium must be closed. Feed should be live food.
Content: 23 - 26 °C; dH up to 35°; pH 6.5 - 8.5
BLACK KNIFE- bottom and night fish. It lives in the overgrown parts of the Amazon River.
Has an interesting body structure. Can move in any direction. In the aquarium it grows up to 40 cm. In the daytime, it mostly hides. It is better to keep one by one, as skirmishes can occur between large individuals. For maintenance, an aquarium from 200 liters with snags, live plants and a large number of rock shelters is suitable.
Feeds on live food.
Content: 20 - 25 °C; dH 4 - 18°; pH 6 - 7.5
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The most beautiful aquarium for 4 thousand liters HD video
For a long time, man has been attracted by the bewitching underwater world, and he has learned to create its mini-model in his home. We are talking, of course, about a domestic reservoir - an aquarium in which quite unusual inhabitants often live. Aquarium pets can stand out among other representatives of their own kind not only in the shape of the fins and body or the color of the scales, but also in their non-standard behavior, as well as the functions they perform in the reservoir. We will talk about unusual aquarium fish that add exotic charm, originality and beauty to the reservoir.
The most expensive pets for an aquarium
Arowana
The most expensive aquarium fish, according to many experts, is the elite representative of the underwater world Arowana - she is also a dragon fish, which can reach a length of 80 cm.
The cost of each individual individual depends on its size and expressiveness of color. The average price of this pet is $5,000, but there are rare specimens for which aquarists pay up to $400,000.
The most expensive type of fish is considered Platinum Arowana - a white dragon with a platinum tint.
The popularity of the arowana is not least due to the antiquity of its origin - representatives of this species live on Earth for more than 200 million years.
Today, through the efforts of breeders, many varieties of this rare fish have been bred. Dragons differ in the shape of the fins, the shade of the scales, and the size.
Elite species include Arowana in rare shades: platinum, red, gold, purple.
Perhaps because of its exclusivity and high cost, arowana in China is a symbol of wealth.
pearl stingray
Potamotrygon sp. Pearl Ray is another expensive freshwater representative of the aquarium world, a native of Brazil.
It is quite rare in the natural environment, and in captivity it breeds reluctantly. That is, in fact, this species is very rare, which makes aquarists willing to pay several thousand dollars for a copy of the pearl stingray.
And the cost of fish of a particularly expressive color reaches tens of thousands of dollars among lovers of aquarium exotics.
The pearl pet is really beautiful - rounded golden spots on the dark background of the fish body distinguish it from other inhabitants of the reservoir.
Japanese carp koi
Also belongs to the aquarium elite, although not as expensive as the above species.
This representative of the underwater world has many varieties, the cost of which varies from $100 to $1500. For the most valuable specimens of Japanese carp, amateurs are willing to pay up to $5,000.
Under comfortable conditions, koi can reach a length of 50 cm and live for 100 years. But it is not easy to provide him with such conditions, since the Japanese carp is very whimsical.
In addition, through the efforts of the same breeders, when breeding this type of fish, its immunity was sacrificed for external attractiveness. Therefore, the health of koi is very poor, and additional care is required for this pet in the home pond.
However, this does not stop lovers of exotic interiors; they install huge tanks and often populate them with bright Japanese koi.
Top aquarium beauties
Tangerines
Otherwise, Synchiropus splendidus - a bright exotic fish with a size of only 6 cm, amazes with its beauty and harmonious combination of its color.
The natural habitat of these charming babies is the western Pacific waters - from the Japanese islands in the north to the Australian latitudes in the south.
The favorite habitat of mandarins are coastal reefs and quiet cozy lagoons. They live in numerous colonies, but meeting them in their natural environment is a rare success.
Synchiropus splendidus sink to the bottom and spend all the time there in search of food: small crustaceans, hay eaters, amphipods.
The appearance of the mandarin is truly outstanding: an elongated body with a rounded, slightly flattened head is covered with smooth, scaleless skin of a variegated color. They attract with their size the eyes of the fish and the lips, which are too large, but noticeably add expressiveness to the appearance of the pet.
Mandarins got their name due to the unusual colorfulness of the skin, resembling the outward appearance of the clothes of imperial mandarins in China.
Discus
It is a true decoration of aquariums. In nature, there are only two types of this exotic fish:
- Symphysodon discus;
- Symphysodon aequifasciatus.
They are supplied to the aquarium market from the South American continent.
But today they are no longer limited to this - breeders took up the matter some time ago. As a result of their activities, the emergence of new varieties of fish:
- the Dragon;
- pigeon blood;
- red Schillingmann;
- uniform red and others.
Each of these varieties is characterized by its unique color. The body shape of the discus resembles a colored disk (from sandy to reddish) with a variety of wavy multi-colored lines located in different directions.
A fairly large fin on the back is also decorated with wavy lines, and an elegant elongated pectoral and anal shape complete the attractive image of the discus.
Petushki
Speaking of underwater beauties, one cannot fail to mention the fighting fish Betta (in other words, the Cockerel). The natural habitat of this aquarium pet is still water reservoirs in Southeast Asia, Vietnamese and Thai slow-flowing rivers with lush flowering vegetation and a swampy bottom.
Outwardly attractive bettas with the most beautiful plumage of fins of various shades have truly fighting qualities, for which they received one of their names. This is especially true for males, which are specially bred by some gambling lovers to participate in combat fights. This kind of matches gather a lot of spectators, where there are winners and losers.
If speak about appearance Betta fish, then the natural most common color of its body is dark brown with many green spots. The veil variety of the cockerel of the most diverse colors - green, blue, yellow, white-pink, red, less often black - appeared thanks to the efforts of breeders.
To a greater extent, aquarists value specimens that have lush monochrome fins. These chicks are a rarity.
In captivity, the life expectancy of Betta fighting fish is no more than three years.
The aquarium world fascinates with its unusual beauty, prompting many people to engage in aquarism. The myriad and variability of species in the underwater world is amazing, and choosing the best from this variety is sometimes very difficult, if not impossible.
What is the biggest fish in the world? And which one is the smallest?
kot kotova
The largest fish
The largest fish in the world is the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), which feeds on plankton and is common in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The largest specimen, according to precise measurements carried out by scientists, was 12.65 m long, 7 m in girth of the thickest part of the body and weighed 15-21 tons. This shark was caught near about. Baba, near Karachi, Pakistan, November 11, 1949
The smallest fish
Goby Of all marine fish, the dwarf goby (Trimmatom nanus), which lives in the Indo-Pacific region, has the shortest body. According to the results of measurements carried out in 1978-79, the average body length of males was 8.9 mm, and that of females was 9 mm.
The smallest fish in nature?
valera world yao
From fish:
the smallest individual (male) - has a deep-sea anglerfish Photocorynus spiniceps. 
The smallest "whole" species is the species Paedocypris progenetica (it is also the smallest freshwater species). 
British ichthyologist Dr. Ralph Britz (Ralf Britz, Natural History Muse-um, London), Singaporean zoologist Maurice Kottelat (National University of Singapore) and their co-authors announced a new record discovery: in the April 22, 2006 issue of the English The Royal Society (Proceedings of the Royal Society) describes a new genus and species of fish for science, Paedocypris progenetica. This fish, belonging to the completely prosaic family of cyprinids (Cyprinidae), lives in the acidic dark waters of the peat bogs of the island of Sumatra. The length of adult females of Paedocypris progenetica is 7.9 mm, males - 10.3 mm. 
The second smallest species in this genus is Paedocypris micromegethes. It is also found in peat bogs (but the islands of Borneo) and its females are about 8.8 mm long.
Schindleria brevipinguis has the smallest mass. 
The smallest fish in the world turned out to be a gigolo
Peregrine
Paedocypris progenetica. The smallest fish in the world
Fish in a container, sample from the Raffles Museum, photograph by Maurice Kottelat: 
Paedocypris progenetica is a distant relative of the common carp, say scientists whose find is published this week in the British scientific journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
The transparent fish lives in acidic peat bogs on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and in the Malaysian part of Borneo. These so-called "black swamps" are a unique ecosystem: here trees grow on swampy soft peat cover, which can be several meters thick. In appearance, the water in them resembles very dark tea and the environment here is extremely acidic. The pH value is 3, as in a sour apple. These swamps are endangered due to human activities.
The smallest specimen of the species found by scientists was an adult female Paedocypris progenetica found in Sumatra. From nose to tail, its dimensions were only 7.9 mm.
This is smaller than the previous record holder, the dwarf goby Trimmatom nanus (marine fish), which reaches 8 mm in length at puberty.
Open in new windowThe discovery was made by Maurice Kottelat and Tan Hyeok Hui from National University Singapore, as well as Briton Ralph Britz and German Kai-Erik Witte.
Scientists say that Paedocypris progenetica has an undeveloped skull that offers little to no brain protection. In addition, in order to survive in their special environment, they have developed special modified fins.
"The discovery of such a tiny and unusual fish shows how little we know about the biodiversity of Southeast Asia," says Kottelat.
What amazes me personally is the acidity of the water in which it is able to live. Until now, red neons were considered record holders, capable of tolerating pH up to 4, if this fish really lives at pH = 3, then this is absolutely phenomenal! Natural wine vinegar has about the same pH value (less, of course, but the water from these swamps should be specifically sour in taste).
Paedocypris progenetica. The smallest fish in the world
Adults of Paedocypris progenetica (enlarged): (a, b) male, about 9 mm; (c) female, about 8.8mm. 
Until then, the pygmy pandaka (Pandaka pygmaea) was considered the smallest and lightest freshwater fish. This colorless and almost transparent fish lives in the lakes of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The name Pandaka pygmaea means pygmy pygmy in translation. The body length of males is 7.5-9.9 mm, and the weight is only 4-5 mg. Together with this fish, the other gobi species living in the Philippine lakes are also the smallest - Mistichthys luzonensis, Pandaka pusilla, Microgobius lacustris, reaching a length of 10-12 mm. Despite their size, all these fish are widely used fried, mixed with spices, etc. The fish are often kept in an aquarium. Pandaka pygmaea is listed as an endangered species.
Of all marine fish, the pygmy goby (Trimmatom nanus) found in coral reefs of the western Pacific has the shortest body. Indo-Pacific region. According to the results of measurements carried out in 1978-79. , the average body length of males was 8.9 mm, and that of females was 9 mm. Some types of gobies do not have a stomach at all: the intestine begins immediately after the esophagus.
Fatamorgana
And the smallest fish is recognized as the Filipino goby pandaka. It is literally one tooth to you: seven millimeters. At one time, fashionistas wore these fish in ... ears. In crystal earrings-aquariums!
Many mistakenly believe that tiny fish species were bred specifically for keeping in aquariums. In fact, the smallest fish in the world in in large numbers inhabit the wild waters of the planet and even serve as an object of aboriginal fishing. Recent studies by ichthyologists have shown that man still knows too little all the variety of underwater creatures that live with him on Earth.
The smallest fish in the world in large numbers inhabit the wild reservoirs of the planet Tiny freshwater fish
One of the smallest fish that lives in freshwater reservoirs and is distinguished not only by its minimum length, but also by its negligible body weight, is the mystichthys goby, which inhabits the wild reservoirs of the Philippines. Despite the fact that the length of this fish does not exceed 13 millimeters, it is actively used by local residents for food. Aborigines bake cakes from these gobies, which are subsequently dried and can be stored for a very long time.
In the reservoirs of Russia there is also a fish that claims to be one of the smallest fish on Earth. We are talking about nine-spined stickleback, the maximum length of which is five centimeters. This species has a fairly large population in the waters of the Baltic and Finland. The stickleback is an object of fishing and is used for the manufacture of several types of products:
- dry food for animals;
- fish oil;
- for the preparation of medicines.
In addition, stickleback serves as the basis of a food base for more valuable commercial fish species. Some amateur fishermen catch a stickleback with a bait and cook minced fish from it for cutlets. Recently, due to large-scale commercial fishing, the population of this species has significantly decreased.
Babies living in sea waters
The smallest fish in the world that lives in salt water is the pygmy goby. This species is found in the border zone of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The body length of the female goby reaches 9 millimeters. Unlike most other species, the male pygmy goby is slightly smaller than the female.
The pygmy goby is the smallest fish in the world that lives in salt water. Relatively recently, ichthyologists discovered the presence of this species in the waters surrounding the Shetland Islands, which was a great discovery for scientists. However, this subspecies turned out to be much larger than the Indo-Pacific counterpart. The largest of the studied individuals had a length equal to 24 millimeters. This little fish is called Gillett's goby and is one of the smallest fish in Europe. Gillett's goby is still quite little studied, because:
- has a very small size;
- has excellent mimicry abilities;
- found in places with a mass of underwater shelters.
These factors make it impossible to thoroughly study the behavior of the goby in natural conditions. So far, it is only known for certain that these creatures live exclusively in those places of the reservoir where the bottom is abundantly covered with shell rock.
Speaking of miniature marine fish, one cannot ignore the variety of goby that lives near the island of Luzon. The name of this species, not exceeding 13 millimeters in length, is Sinarapan. This fish is of great commercial importance for the islanders., so its population is rapidly declining.
The smallest fish in Russian sea waters is the Caspian goby Berg, which is about 2 centimeters long and lives in the Caspian Sea. This species, like the vast majority of other gobies, leads a bottom lifestyle. Individuals can be found not only in the sea, but also in the lower reaches of the rivers flowing into the Caspian:
- in the Volga;
- in Terek;
- in Kura;
- in the Urals.
Ocean and sea depths have not yet been fully studied by man and can store a lot of secrets and mysteries, so the question of which fish is the smallest in the world is still open.
Paedocypris progenetica - the smallest fish in the world The smallest fish on the planet
In the waters of the peat bogs of the island of Sumatra, scientists recently discovered the smallest fish on earth, which was called Paedocypris progenetica. A little later, the same species was found on the island of Borneo. Paedocypris progenetica refers to one of the distant relatives of the well-known carp. This is a thin transparent creature, at a mature age - no larger than an ordinary mosquito. The body of an adult fish reaches a length of 7.9 millimeters, which makes Paedocypris progenetica one of the smallest invertebrates on the planet.
The skull of Paedocypris progenetica is not fully formed, which makes the brain of the fish very vulnerable. The main feature of these fish is the presence of a hard lining in the pelvic girdle in males. Such an overlay allows the male to more reliably grapple with females during the mating period.
The swamps in which this species lives have a unique landscape. Trees that grow straight out of the water take root in the soft, peaty soil of the swamp. The depth in some places can reach a 5-meter mark, which is completely unusual for other swamps, where the maximum depth does not exceed one and a half meters. However, the main hallmark- the value of the acidity level of water, which can reach 3.
To date Paedocypris progenetica - the smallest fish known to man. The main threat to the existence of this species is a change in climatic conditions on the planet. Since these fish are very poorly protected from external influences, even a slight change in water temperature can lead to their complete disappearance.
