Eufillin is a pharmacological drug belonging to the group of xanthines. All dosage forms contain the active ingredient - aminophylline, which is a combination of theophylline and ethylenediamine.

The drug has an expanding effect on the bronchi, relaxing their smooth muscles and eliminating spasms. In addition, it improves the functioning of the cilia of the epithelium of the respiratory tract, improves contractions of the diaphragmatic, intercostal and other respiratory muscles.

Eufillin excites the vasomotor and respiratory centers and improves / activates blood circulation. Additionally, the drug reduces the tone of blood vessels (mainly the vessels of the brain, skin and kidneys).

Eufillin photo of tablets and ampoules (injections)

It has a peripheral venodilating effect, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance, reduces pressure in the "small" circle of blood circulation. Increases renal blood flow, has a moderate diuretic effect.

Eufillin has a tocolytic effect, due to which the acidity of gastric juice increases. In high concentrations, it has an enileptogenic effect.

The active ingredient Eufillin is theophylline. It is well and rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and has a high bioavailability. Penetrates through the placental barrier into breast milk. Metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys.

Indications for use Eufillin

• chronic obstructive bronchitis;
• bronchial asthma (prevention of bronchospasm, the drug of choice for asthma of physical exertion, an additional remedy for other forms of asthma);
• emphysema;
• nocturnal paroxysmal apnea (Pickwick's syndrome);
• chronic cor pulmonale.

Eufillin injections are prescribed intravenously for acute attacks of bronchial asthma and strokes.

Eufillin tablets are a systemic drug for the treatment of obstructive airway diseases.

Instructions for use Eufillin, dosage

Eufillin injections

Intravenous injection of Eufillin - administered in a jet slowly, over 4-6 minutes at a dose of 0.12 - 0.24 g (5-10 ml of a 2.4% solution, which is previously diluted in 10-20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution).

Intravenously, the drug is administered under the control of heart rate, respiration and blood pressure.

An injection of Eufillin gives a pronounced antispasmodic effect in hepatic colic, enhances the secretion of the pancreas, therefore, when various diseases digestive organs, accompanied by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and also if the latter arose as a result of chronic pancreatitis, intravenous injections of 10 ml of a 2.4% solution are prescribed.

Intramuscular injection - 2-3 ml of a 12% solution of aminophylline or 1-1.5 ml of a 24% solution of aminophylline are injected. It is recommended to inject into the upper sector of the gluteal muscle at a dose of 100-500 mg per day.

If the patient has status asthmaticus, he is prescribed an infusion of the drug in an amount of 720 or 750 mg.

The duration of therapy with the injectable form of the drug can not be more than 14 days.

Eufillin tablets

Taking the medication orally - in tablets, 0.1-0.2 g 2-3 times a day after meals.

Adults and adolescents weighing more than 50 kg, depending on the clinical situation, are prescribed 150-300 mg (1-2 tablets) 3 times a day, in severe cases, 300 mg (2 tablets) 4 times a day with an interval of 6 hours. The daily dose is on average 600-1200 mg or 4-8 tablets in 3-4 injections.

If it is necessary to alleviate the condition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a state of exacerbation, it is recommended to start with a dose of the drug at 5-6 mg / kg. Eufillin must be taken carefully, constantly monitoring its amount in the blood.

The maximum daily dose in adults is 10-13 mg / kg (0.4-0.5 ml / kg), in children aged 6-17 years - 13 mg / kg of body weight (0.5 ml / kg), from 3 years to 6 years - 20-22 mg / kg (0.8-0.9 ml / kg).

The amount of Eufillin prescribed to a child is determined by the doctor, taking into account the weight and age of the child, as well as the severity of the course of the disease.

Application features

The appointment of Eufillin in patients with chronic heart and liver failure, pneumonia or viral infection, as well as elderly patients, requires caution and reduced doses of the drug.

During treatment with Eufillin, you should refrain from drinking alcohol.

It should be noted that the drug "Eufillin" is able to increase the level of uric acid in urine. During the use of this medication, special care must be taken while using a large number foods and drinks containing caffeine.

During the period of therapy with Eufillin, it is necessary to refrain from driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially dangerous species activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions due to possible side effects.

Side effects and contraindications Eufillin

Dyspeptic disorders (digestive disorders), with intravenous administration, dizziness, hypotension (lowering blood pressure), headache, migraine, palpitations, convulsions, with rectal use, irritation of the rectal mucosa.

Overdose

In reviews of Eufillin, it was noted that with an overdose of the drug, generalized convulsions, photophobia, sleep disorders, ventricular arrhythmias, tachycardia, facial flushing, tachypnea, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia are observed. With the development of these symptoms, it is necessary to cancel the drug and actively stimulate its excretion from the body.

Contraindications:

• violation of the heart rhythm;
• myocardial infarction;
• extrasystole;
• heart failure;
• paroxysmal tachycardia;
• coronary insufficiency.

Intravenous administration to children under 14 years of age is contraindicated.

During pregnancy and lactation, the use of the drug is possible only for health reasons. The use of aminophylline during pregnancy can lead to the creation of potentially dangerous concentrations of theophylline and caffeine in the blood plasma of the newborn. Newborns whose mothers received aminophylline during pregnancy (especially in the third trimester) require medical supervision to control possible symptoms theophylline intoxication.

Eufillin analogs, list

Euphyllin analogues include drugs (list):

1. Aminophyllin-Eskom;
2. Theotard;
3. Diprofillin;
4. Omnitus;
5. Berodual;
6. Tavipek;
7. Pertussin;
8. Ventolin;
9. Seretide;
10. Spiriva;
11. Fenoterol.

It is important to understand that the given instructions for the use of Eufillin, the price and reviews for analogues of the drug do not apply and cannot be used as a guide for use, replacement or other actions. All therapeutic actions should be carried out by a specialist; when replacing Eufillin with an analog, dosage adjustment or the entire course of treatment may be required.

Pharmacodynamics
Eufillin is a complex of theophylline and ethylenediamine. Due to the presence of ethylenediamine, the solubility of the drug in water and the possibility of intravenous administration are achieved.
Theophylline is a bronchodilator from the methylxanthines group. The mechanism of action is due mainly to the blocking of adenosine receptors, inhibition of phosphodiesterase, an increase in the content of intracellular cAMP, a decrease in the intracellular concentration of calcium ions, as a result of which the smooth muscles of the bronchi, biliary tract, coronary, cerebral and pulmonary vessels relax, and peripheral vascular resistance decreases. By reducing vascular resistance in the pulmonary artery, it reduces pressure in the vessels of the pulmonary circulation and normalizes perfusion processes in the lungs. Improves the contractility of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, activates the respiratory center, improves alveolar ventilation and blood oxygen saturation, accelerates mucociliary transport. Prevents the release of inflammatory mediators, inhibits platelet aggregation. Enhances renal blood flow, has a diuretic effect due to a decrease in tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes. Increases the frequency and strength of heart contractions, increases coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand.
Pharmacokinetics
Chemical binding to ethylenediamine does not affect the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of theophylline. In adults, about 60% of theophylline binds to plasma proteins. The volume of distribution of theophylline is about 0.5 l/kg. Theophylline is distributed in the blood, extracellular fluid and muscle tissue.
Penetrates through the placental barrier and into breast milk.
Metabolized in the liver with the participation of microsomal enzymes (CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent CYP2E1). The main metabolites are 1,3-dimethyluric acid and 3-methylxanthine. Excretion is carried out through the kidneys. About 10% of the dose is excreted in the urine unchanged (in children - up to 50%). Theophylline metabolism has significant individual differences, so the serum concentration and half-life can vary significantly. The elimination half-life averages: in non-smoking adults - 7-9 hours; smokers - 4-5 hours; in children older than 6 months - 3-5 hours; in newborns - more than 24 hours.
Theophylline clearance depends on age, body weight, diet, smoking habits, concomitant use of other medicines. In patients with heart or respiratory failure, impaired liver function, viral infection, the half-life is prolonged.

Indications for use

Broncho-obstructive syndrome in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to ethylenediamine or allergy to theophyllines, caffeine and theobromine,
- simultaneous use with other xanthine-containing drugs. When prescribing therapeutic doses of aminophylline and / or theophylline simultaneously, in more than one route of administration or in more than one drug, the risk of serious toxicity increases,
- children's age up to 6 months,
- acute porphyria,
- acute period of myocardial infarction,
- paroxysmal tachycardia.

Precautionary measures

To reduce the undesirable stimulating effects of aminophylline on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, intravenous administration of the drug should be slow and the rate should not exceed 25 mg / min.
Eufillin has a narrow therapeutic index and serum concentrations should be monitored regularly, especially during the initiation of therapy.
The drug should be administered cautiously in patients over 55 years of age.
Elderly patients with heart or liver disease should be carefully monitored for signs of theophylline toxicity.
Children are particularly susceptible to the effects of theophylline and caution is required when prescribing the drug to children.
There have been reports of seizures in children who were prescribed theophylline at plasma concentrations of the latter within the accepted therapeutic range. Alternative treatment should be considered in patients with a history of seizure activity, and if Eufillin, intravenous solution 24 mg/ml is used in such patients, they should be carefully examined for possible signs of CNS hyperstimulation.
Due to the fact that the average half-life of theophylline is shorter in smokers than in non-smokers, the first group may require large doses of aminophylline.
Caution should be exercised in patients who have undergone influenza immunization, those with influenza infection or acute febrile illness.
Eufillin should be administered with caution to patients with heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal or hepatic dysfunction and chronic alcoholism, since the clearance of eufillin is reduced.
Serum potassium levels should be monitored during regular therapy. This is very important in combination therapy with beta-2-agonists, corticosteroids or diuretics, or in the presence of hypoxia.
The drug should be used with caution in patients with peptic ulcer, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, diabetes, severe hypoxemia, arterial hypertension, and impaired cardiac function or circulation, as these conditions may be exacerbated.
Methylxanthines can increase gastric acidity and appropriate measures should be taken if they are used in patients with a history of peptic ulcer.
The drug Eufillin, solution for intravenous administration 24 mg / ml should not be administered simultaneously with other xanthine-containing drugs.
Theophylline should only be used after assessing the benefit / risk ratio in patients with unstable angina, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias (tachycardia, extrasystoles), hemorrhagic stroke, retinal hemorrhage.

Interaction with other drugs

The following medicines may decrease the clearance of aminophylline resulting in increased concentration of theophylline in plasma and creates the potential for increased toxicity:
- fluvoxamine (simultaneous use of theophylline and fluvoxamine should usually be avoided. Where possible, patients should receive their dose of theophylline (possibly reduced by 2 times) and plasma theophylline levels should be closely monitored);
- cimetidine;
- macrolides (eg erythromycin, clarithromycin);
- quinolones (eg ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin);
- fluconazole;
- isoniazid;
- propranolol;
- allopurinol (for example, high doses of 600 mg per day);
- oral contraceptives;
- meksiletin, propafenone;
- calcium channel blockers, diltiazem, verapamil;
- medicines based on St. John's wort;
- disulfiram;
- interferon alfa, influenza vaccines;
- methotrexate;
- zafirlukast;
- tacrine;
- thiabendazole;
- thyroid hormones.
The following medicines may decrease concentrationtheophylline in plasma:
- rifampicin;
- antiepileptics (for example, carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, phenobarbital);
- ritonavir;
- aminoglutethimide;
- sulfpyrazone.
Other interactions:
- xanthines (concomitant use of other xanthine derivatives, including theophylline and pentoxifylline, is contraindicated due to the risk of toxicity);
- lithium (aminofillin increases the excretion of lithium and may reduce its therapeutic efficacy);
- benzodiazepines (theophylline may reduce the effect of benzodiazepines);
- quinolones (increased risk of seizures);
- general anesthetics (increased risk of seizures with ketamine, increased risk of arrhythmias with halothane);
- pancuronium (resistance to neuromuscular block with pancuronium has been reported in patients receiving aminophylline);
- sympathomimetics (aminophylline may exhibit synergistic toxicity with ephedrine and other sympathomimetics when used together and can lead to cardiac arrhythmias);
- β2-agonists (increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia (see also hypokalemia);
- β-blockers (antagonism with the bronchodilator effect of eufillin);
- cardiac glycosides (the direct stimulating effect of aminophylline on the myocardium can increase the sensitivity and toxic potential of cardiac glycosides);
- adenosine (antagonism of the antiarrhythmic effect of adenosine with theophylline);
- leukotriene antagonists (in clinical studies, simultaneous administration with theophylline resulted in a decrease in plasma levels of zafirlukast, approximately 30%, but does not affect plasma concentrations of theophylline. However, during post-marketing surveillance, there have been rare cases of elevated levels of theophylline in patients using zafirlukast (see above));
- doxapram (increased stimulation of the central nervous system);
- hypokalemia (the hypokalemic effect of beta-2-agonists may be enhanced by concomitant treatment with aminophylline. There is an increased risk of hypokalemia when theophylline derivatives are prescribed in conjunction with corticosteroids and diuretics (see Precautions)).

Pregnancy and lactation

Studies of the effect on reproductive function in animals have not been conducted. It is not known whether theophylline can harm the fetus when administered to pregnant women. Although safe use theophylline during pregnancy has not been established regarding the potential risk to the fetus, theophylline has been used during pregnancy without teratogenicity or other adverse effects on the fetus. Due to the risk of uncontrolled bronchial asthma, safety during pregnancy, when the administration of aminophylline is really necessary, is usually not in doubt. The question of the use of aminophylline during pregnancy is decided by the doctor. Theophylline crosses the placenta.
Theophylline is distributed into breast milk and may occasionally cause irritation or other signs of toxicity in nursing infants and therefore should not be used by nursing mothers.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

The medicine may cause dizziness and other side effects. During the period of treatment, it is necessary to refrain from driving vehicles and operating mechanisms.

Method of application and dosage

The drug is intended for slow intravenous administration.
The solution should be introduced very slowly over 4-6 minutes, 5-10 ml of the drug (0.12-0.24 g), which is pre-diluted with a small volume (5-10 ml) of 5% dextrose or 0.9% solution sodium chloride injection.
Before the introduction of the solution must be heated to body temperature. Eufillin is administered parenterally up to 3 times a day, no more than 14 days. The highest doses of aminophylline for adults with intravenous administration: single - 0.25 g, daily - 0.5 g.
Maintenance therapy can be provided by the administration of large volumes of infusion solutions, the rate of administration is adjusted in such a way as to provide required amount drug every hour.
Usually, with drip administration, 10-20 ml of the drug (0.24-0.48 g) is diluted in 100-150 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and administered at a rate of 30-50 drops per minute.
Therapeutic plasma concentrations of theophylline are thought to be in the range of 5 to 20 µg/mL, and levels above 20 µg/mL are most likely associated with toxic effects. There is also individual variation in each individual patient in the dosage required to achieve plasma concentrations of theophylline in the desired therapeutic range.
During therapy, patients should be closely monitored for toxicity and, where possible, theophylline content should also be monitored, doses should be calculated based on ideal body weight, the drug is not recommended for children under 6 months of age due to significant fluctuations in theophylline metabolism in young children.
Patients not treated with theophylline medicinal products
A. A loading dose of aminophylline 6 mg/kg body weight may be administered slowly intravenously at a rate not exceeding 25 mg/min.
B. Depending on the condition of the patient, the maintenance dose for the next 12 hours can be calculated as follows:
- children aged 6 months to 9 years: 1.2 mg/kg/hour (down to 1 mg/kg/hour after 12 hours);
- children aged 9 to 16 and young adult smokers: 1 mg/kg/hour (down to 0.8 mg/kg/hour after 12 hours);
- healthy non-smoking adults: 0.7 mg/kg/hour (down to 0.5 mg/kg/hour after 12 hours);
- elderly patients and persons with cor pulmonale: 0.6 mg/kg/h (reduced to 0.3 mg/kg/h after 12 hours);
- Patients with congestive heart failure or liver disease: 0.5 mg/kg/hour (down to 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/hour after 12 hours).
Patients already on theophylline
The loading dose can be calculated on the basis that each 0.5 mg/kg of theophylline administered as a loading dose can result in a 1 µg/ml increase in theophylline serum concentration.
Ideally, administration should be delayed until serum theophylline is determined. If this is not possible and if the clinical situation requires that the drug be administered, then a dose of euphylline 3.1 mg/kg (equivalent to 2.5 mg/kg anhydrous theophylline) is administered on the grounds that this may lead to an increase in the serum concentration of theophylline by about 5 µg/ml when administered as a loading dose.
In the future, the maintenance dose is the same as described above.

Overdose

Eufillin has a narrow therapeutic index. Theophylline toxicity is most likely to occur at serum concentrations greater than 20 µg/mL and become progressively more severe at high serum concentrations.
Doses greater than 3 g may have serious consequences in adults (40 mg/kg in a child). Lethal dose may be as low as 4.5 g in adults (60 mg/kg in a child), but is generally higher.
With the introduction of intravenous aminophylline in high doses in patients with renal, hepatic insufficiency or with cardiovascular complications, or if the injection was made quickly, a fatal outcome is possible.
Symptoms: tachycardia, in the absence of hypoxia, fever, or with co-administration of sympathomimetic drugs, may be a sign of theophylline toxicity.
Gastrointestinal symptoms: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vomiting of blood.
Neurological symptoms: restlessness, insomnia, irritability, headache, agitation, hallucinations, intense thirst, slight fever, dilated pupils and tinnitus. Seizures can occur even without prior symptoms of toxicity and are often fatal. In very severe cases, coma may develop.
Cardiovascular symptoms: palpitations, arrhythmias, arterial hypotension, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.
Metabolic symptoms: Hypokalemia may develop rapidly and may be severe. Hyperglycemia, albuminuria, hyperthermia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, hypercalcemia, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and rhabdomyolysis may also develop.
Treatment: treatment of overdose is supportive and symptomatic.
Serum levels of theophylline and potassium should be checked. Repeated oral administration of activated charcoal promotes the elimination of theophylline from the body even after intravenous administration. Aggressive antiemetic therapy may be required to allow oral administration of activated charcoal.
Convulsions can be stopped by intravenous administration of diazepam 0.1-0.3 mg/kg up to 10 mg/kg. Restoring fluid and electrolyte balance is essential. Hypokalemia should be corrected by intravenous infusion of potassium chloride. Diazepam sedation may be required in agitated patients.
Propranolol may be administered intravenously to correct tachycardia, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia, provided the patient is not suffering from asthma.
In general, theophylline is rapidly metabolized and hemodialysis is not warranted. In patients with congestive heart failure or liver disease, hemodialysis may increase theophylline clearance by 2-fold.
Hemosorption should be considered if:
- intestinal obstruction interferes with the introduction of several doses of activated charcoal;
- plasma concentrations of theophylline >80 mg/l (acute) or >60 mg/l (chronic). In the elderly, hemosorption should be considered at theophylline concentrations >40 mg/l. Clinical signs, not theophylline concentration, are the best leadership for treatment.

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The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Eufillin is an antispasmodic drug that relaxes the smooth muscles of all internal organs, such as the uterus, bladder, bronchi, blood vessels, bile ducts, etc. Due to the relaxation of smooth muscles, Eufillin relieves spasm and excessive contractions of internal organs caused by any causative factor. Thus, Eufillin dilates blood vessels, relieves bronchospasm, reduces the contractile activity of the uterus, stopping the threat of miscarriage or premature birth, etc.

Release forms, names and composition of Euphyllin

Currently, Eufillin is produced by various pharmaceutical plants in the countries of the former USSR, in most cases under the same name - "Eufillin". However, some pharmaceutical factories, deciding to register their own name, which would distinguish their product from many others, use various options names containing the word "Eufillin". Usually, in such cases, some word or abbreviation is added to "Eufillin", which is related to the name of the drug manufacturer, for example, Eufillin-Darnitsa, Eufillin-UBF and some others. However, all these drugs are actually the same, since they are produced using the same technology developed back in the USSR. In the following text, under the name "Eufillin" we will mean all the described drugs, which differ from each other only by a few letters in the name.

So, Eufillin is available in three dosage forms:

• Tablets for oral administration;
• Solution for intravenous administration;
• Solution for intramuscular injection.

Solutions for intramuscular or intravenous administration are often called "Eufillin in ampoules" or "Eufillin injections". For the short designation of Eufillin tablets, no special name is usually used.

As an active substance, all dosage forms of Eufillin include a substance aminophylline in the following different quantities:

• Tablets - 150 mg of aminophylline;
• Solution for intravenous administration - 24 mg of aminophylline per 1 ml (2.4%);
• Solution for intramuscular injection - 240 mg of aminophylline per 1 ml (24%).

As can be seen, the solution for intravenous administration has a concentration of the active substance 10 times less than for intramuscular injections.

In solutions for intramuscular and intravenous injections, only purified water and a preservative are included as auxiliary components, which may be different for preparations produced by different pharmaceutical plants. Therefore, in order to obtain complete and accurate information about the auxiliary components of this particular injection solution, it is recommended to carefully study the instructions attached to the medicine. Euphyllin tablets contain calcium stearate and potato starch as excipients.

Tablets are available in packs of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 80 and 100 pieces. A solution for intravenous administration of 2.4% is available in ampoules of 5 ml and 10 ml. A solution for intramuscular injection of 24% is available in 1 ml ampoules.

Eufillin - prescription

A prescription for a solution of Eufillin for intravenous injection is written as follows:
Rep: Sol. Euphyllini 2.4% - 10 ml
D.t.d. No. 10 inamp.
S. dilute with 0.9% NaCl (saline) 10 ml, inject slowly 10 ml intravenously.

A prescription for a solution of Eufillin for intramuscular injection is written in exactly the same way as for a solution for intravenous administration, but with the only difference - after the words "Sol. Euphyllini" a concentration of 24% is indicated. After the letter S, the doctor may indicate how the solution should be administered. However, often the doctor does not write in the prescription how to administer the solution, but explains the rules and methods of injecting a person in words.

The prescription for Eufillin tablets is written as follows:
Rep: Tab. Euphyllini 150 mg
D.t.d. No. 10 intab.
S. Take 1 tablet 3 times daily.

In prescriptions, after the letters "Rp", the Latin name of the drug (in this case, Euphyllini) and its dosage form (Sol. - solution or Tab. - tablets) are indicated. After the name, the concentration of the solution or the dosage of the tablets is written. On the next line, after the letters "D.t.d." under the number icon indicates the number of ampoules or tablets that the pharmacist must dispense to the person who presented the prescription. Finally, on the last line of the prescription, after the letter "S", the doctor writes how the drug should be used. This information is intended for the patient himself.

Therapeutic effect of the drug

Eufillin reduces the contractile activity of smooth muscles that are present in those internal organs who need to make muscle spastic contractions in order to move their contents, for example, bronchi, bile ducts, uterus, bladder, blood vessels, intestines, etc. All of these organs are involved in the promotion of any content: air passes through the bronchi, blood flows through the vessels, etc. Accordingly, to perform their functions, these internal organs make contractile movements provided by smooth muscles.

If smooth muscles are strained excessively, then instead of rhythmic contractions, a spasm develops, the lumen of the organ narrows sharply, and various substances either cease to be transported at all, or the speed of this process slows down significantly. After all, a small amount of blood flows through a narrow lumen in a blood vessel, and air also passes through sharply narrowed bronchi with great difficulty, etc. In order to restore the normal patency of the organ and ensure regular transportation of substances at the required speed and in the required quantity, it is necessary to eliminate the spasm of smooth muscles, that is, to relax them. After muscle relaxation, the lumen of the organ expands and all substances can pass through it unhindered. Eufillin causes just such a relaxation of smooth muscles and, accordingly, the relief of their spasm with the restoration of patency.

Since smooth muscles are found in many internal organs, and Eufillin has a non-selective effect, when it is used, all smooth muscle structures relax and, accordingly, multiple effects from various systems occur.

So, Eufillin has the following therapeutic effects on various organs and tissues:

• Relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, expands their lumen and, thereby, stops bronchospasm;
• Stimulates the work of the respiratory center in the brain;
• Reduces the number and severity of sleep apnea attacks;
• Increases the strength and frequency of heart contractions;
• Increases the intensity of cardiac blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand;
• Reduces the tone of blood vessels, relaxing them and lowering blood pressure;
• Improves peripheral microcirculation in tissues;
• Increases blood supply to the kidneys and thus has a moderate diuretic effect;
• Expands the biliary tract, relieving spasm and pain;
• Prevents the development of allergic reactions;
• Reduces the adhesion of platelets to each other and the formation of blood clots;
• Increases the resistance of erythrocytes to deformation;
• It has a tocolytic effect (relaxes the uterus and eliminates the threat of miscarriage or premature birth);
• Increases the acidity of gastric juice;
• In high doses, it can provoke epileptic seizures.

As you can see, the range of therapeutic effects of Eufillin is quite wide, but most often the drug is used to eliminate bronchospasm and spastic pain in cholecystitis and other diseases of the biliary tract, as well as to normalize microcirculation. But still, the main scope of Eufillin is the relief of bronchospasm.

Eufillin - indications for use

Indications for the use of tablets and solutions for injection are different and are shown in the table.

Indications for the use of Eufillin solutions for intravenous and intramuscular injections	Indications for the use of Eufillin tablets
asthmatic status	Broncho-obstructive syndrome (bronchospasm) of any origin, such as asthma, pulmonary hypertension, sleep apnea, COPD, etc.
Apnea in newborns
Impaired cerebral circulation by type of ischemia (as part of complex therapy)
Left ventricular failure associated with bronchospasm and Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Renal edema (as part of complex therapy)

That is, the tablets are recommended for use in the chronic course of the disease with recurring episodes of bronchospasm. And intravenous or intramuscular injections are indicated only for acute, life-threatening emergency conditions, regardless of the cause that provoked them.

Non-standard use of the drug (for which procedures it is used)

Eufillin is used in the treatment of various conditions and diseases in which it is necessary to improve blood microcirculation and reduce tissue tension and tone. In such situations, Eufillin is recommended to be delivered to the affected areas during electrophoresis, since this guarantees the penetration of the drug into the tissues.

Electrophoresis with Eufillin is used in the following cases:

• Osteochondrosis;
• Arthrosis and arthritis of various joints;
• Chronical bronchitis;
• Violation of cerebral circulation;
• Increased intracranial pressure;
• Hypertonicity or hypotonicity of muscles in children;
• Dysplasia of the femoral head in infants;
• Prolonged non-closure of the fontanel in infants;
• Nerve lesions in adults (eg, facial nerve).

Most often, electrophoresis with Eufillin is performed with osteochondrosis in adults or with muscle hypertonicity in children.

Instructions for use

Consider the various nuances of using Eufillin tablets and solutions separately to avoid confusion.

Eufillin tablets - instructions for use

Tablets should be taken after meals, swallowed whole and washed down with a small amount of water (half a glass is enough). If necessary (for example, with difficulty swallowing), the tablet can be broken into halves or quarters and swallowed one by one.

For the treatment of bronchospasm, adults should take Eufillin 150 mg (1 tablet) 2 to 3 times a day. For children, the dosage of tablets is calculated individually based on body weight, based on the ratio of 7-10 mg per 1 kg of weight. The amount of Eufillin calculated in this way is divided into 4 doses. For example, a child weighing 20 kg should take 10 * 20 = 200 mg of Euphyllin per day. This amount - 200 mg should be divided into 4 doses - 200/4 = 50 mg. Thus, a child weighing 20 kg should take 50 mg (1/3 tablet) of Eufillin 4 times a day.

The maximum allowable single dose of Eufillin for adults is 500 mg (3.3 tablets), and the daily dose is 1500 mg (10 tablets). For children, the highest single dosage is 10 mg per 1 kg, and the daily dose is 15 mg per 1 kg.

The duration of therapy with Eufillin is determined individual features body and the rate of normalization of the state. So, for some people, to relieve bronchospasm, it is enough to take Eufillin for several days, while others will have to drink the drug for 2 to 5 months in a row. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician, who knows the person’s medical history, is aware of his reactions to drugs, the individual rate of normalization of the condition and a decrease in the tone of the smooth muscles of the bronchi.

If a person takes Eufillin on his own, then it is necessary to stop therapy no earlier than 4 to 5 days after the complete relaxation of the bronchi has occurred, which is manifested in ease of breathing.

In addition to the indicated scheme for the use of Euphyllin tablets, which implies self-treatment, which initially consisted in taking the drug orally, there is another option for maintenance therapy. This maintenance therapy consists in the course use of Eufillin tablets after the relief of an acute condition with the help of intravenous injections of a solution of the same drug. Maintenance therapy with Eufillin is aimed at maintaining the result achieved by injections, as well as achieving sustainable remission and preventing repeated episodes of severe, life-threatening bronchospasm.

Maintenance therapy begins with taking the minimum dosage of Eufillin tablets, which can be increased by 25% every three days, until the maximum allowable amount of drug use is reached. The duration of therapy is determined by the rate of onset of a stable remission with no episodes of bronchospasm.

So, for adults, the minimum maintenance dosage is as follows - 1 tablet every 6 hours (that is, take 1 tablet 4 times a day). After three days, the dosage can be increased by 25%, that is, by 1 tablet and take not 4, but 5 tablets per day. This fifth tablet can be divided into four parts and taken 1 + 1/4 tablets 4 times a day. But you can take one additional tablet whole in one of the four daily doses. For example, in the morning take 2 tablets at once, and in the remaining three doses - one at a time. The maximum daily dosage for adults for maintenance treatment is 900 mg, which corresponds to 6 tablets.

For children, the initial dosage of maintenance therapy is calculated by body weight from a ratio of 16 mg per 1 kg. The calculated amount of the drug is divided into 3-4 doses per day. If necessary, as for adults, every 3 days you can increase the daily dosage by 25% until the maximum allowable values ​​are reached. The maximum daily dosage for maintenance treatment in children is determined by age and is as follows:

• Children under 1 year old- dosage is calculated by the formula: 0.3 * age in weeks + 8;
• Children 1 – 9 years old- the maximum allowable daily dosage is 22 mg per 1 kg;
• Children 9 – 12 years old- 20 mg per 1 kg;
• Children 12 - 16 years old- 18 mg per 1 kg.

Lower dosages of Eufillin are used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therapy begins in the acute period with the initial dosage of tablets, calculated by the ratio of 5-6 mg per 1 kg of weight for people of any age (for both children and adults). The initial dosage of Euphyllin calculated by body weight is either administered intramuscularly or taken orally in tablets once. After that, they switch to taking Eufillin in the following maintenance dosages, depending on the age and condition of the person:

• Children from 0 to 6 months - dosage is calculated by the formula: 0.07 * age in weeks + 1.7. The calculated amount of Eufillin is given to the child every 8 hours (3 times a day).
• Children 6 – 12 months - calculated by the formula: 0.05 * age in weeks + 1.25. The calculated amount of the drug is given to the child every 6 hours (4 times a day).
• Children 1 – 9 years old- 5 mg per 1 kg every 6 hours.
• Children 9 – 12 years old
• Children 12 - 16 years old
• Adult non-smokers and non-liver sufferers - 3 mg per 1 kg every 6 hours.
• adult smokers - 4 mg per 1 kg every 6 hours.
• Adults with liver disease - 2 mg per 1 kg every 8 hours.

During periods of remission of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in order to prevent exacerbations, adults can take 1 tablet 3 times a day. If the drug is well tolerated, then it is allowed to increase the dosage to 2 tablets 3 times a day. However, the dosage should be increased gradually, adding 1 tablet every 3 days.

Eufillin ampoules - instructions for use

The ampoules may contain a solution of Euphyllin of different concentrations, intended, respectively, for intravenous or intramuscular administration. If the concentration of 2.4% or 2% is indicated on the ampoule, then this is a solution for intravenous administration. And if the concentration of the solution is 24%, then it is intended for intramuscular injection. That is, the difference in the concentration of solutions for intravenous and intramuscular injections is 10 times. These solutions are not interchangeable, therefore, before performing an injection, you should always carefully look at the ampoule and read the concentration of this particular drug.

Intravenous administration of Eufillin is used only in emergency situations, when it is necessary to quickly stop life-threatening bronchospasm. When the acute condition is removed, they switch to the maintenance use of Eufillin in tablets or intramuscular injections. Wherein the best option are pills, and intramuscular injections are resorted to only in cases where a person for some reason cannot take pills inside (for example, stomach diseases, etc.). However, as soon as possible, it is recommended to switch from intramuscular injections to taking tablets.

So, in acute emergency conditions, Eufillin is administered intravenously by drip (a "dropper" is placed). The dosage is calculated or determined individually depending on the age and weight of the person:

• Adults and teenagers over 16 years old - 6 mg per 1 kg of weight;
• Infants up to 3 months - administer 30 - 60 mg per day;
• Children 4 – 12 months - administer 60 - 90 mg per day;
• Children 2 – 3 years old- administer 90 - 120 mg per day;
• Children 4 – 7 years old- administer 120 - 140 mg per day;
• Children 8 – 16 years old- administer 250 - 500 mg per day.

The dosage of Eufillin calculated according to the above ratios is diluted in 10-20 ml of saline and administered drip for 5-10 minutes (speed 40-80 drops per minute). Children are recommended to divide the daily dosage into 2-3 injections.

In case of asthmatic status, regardless of weight, 720–750 mg of Eufillin are intravenously administered intravenously (30–32 ml of a solution from ampoules is diluted in 250 ml of saline) for 1–2 hours.

Intramuscularly with different states For adults, Eufillin is administered at 100–500 mg per day, and for children, the dosage is calculated individually according to the ratio of 15 mg per 1 kg. Moreover, the daily dosage is divided into 3-4 equal parts and, respectively, 3-4 injections per day are made.

Intramuscular and intravenous use of Eufillin should be as short as possible, and at the first opportunity it is necessary to switch to taking tablets. The maximum allowable duration of the injection of Eufillin solutions is 14 days.

Gynecologists prescribe Eufillin in the complex therapy of preeclampsia and edema of pregnant women, with placental insufficiency, as well as with other conditions requiring immediate use of the drug because of the threat to the life of the mother. Thus, Eufillin is not a completely safe drug, but the degree of its "harmlessness" is quite sufficient for use during pregnancy if indicated.

Therefore, if a doctor has prescribed Eufillin to a pregnant woman, she can take it, strictly observing the prescribed dosages and duration of therapy. But on its own, if any signs disturbing a woman appear, the drug should not be used.

Euphyllin for children

For children under 3 months of age, Eufillin in injections and tablets is prescribed only for health reasons. Intravenous and intramuscular injections of the drug and at an older age are made only in case of emergency, since Eufillin has a pronounced effect on the child's cardiovascular system, as a result of which, after each injection of the solution, the baby must be under the supervision of a doctor.

And tablets at an older age are quite widely used in the practice of a pediatrician, who prescribes them for the treatment of bronchospasm, often developing in children suffering from bronchitis. In tablet form, this is the main use of Eufillin. However, pediatricians for the treatment of bronchitis prefer to prescribe Eufillin not in tablets, but in the form of inhalations, for the production of which a 2.4% solution is used.

In infancy (up to a year), Eufillin is used to relieve muscle hypertonicity, reduce intracranial pressure, and also to eliminate developmental delay associated with impaired cerebral circulation. However, in infants, Euphyllin is used, as a rule, during the physiotherapeutic procedure of electrophoresis, since it allows the drug to be administered directly to those areas where it is needed. That is, the introduction of the drug during electrophoresis avoids pronounced systemic effects on blood vessels, bronchi, bile ducts and kidneys, as well as possible irritation of the stomach and intestines, and at the same time creates the necessary concentration of Eufillin in the affected tissues.

Dosages of aminophylline for electrophoresis, inhalation and oral administration are determined by the doctor. Usually, the dosage of Eufillin tablets for a child is calculated according to the ratio of 7-10 mg per 1 kg, after which the resulting value is divided into 3-4 doses per day.

Application for cough

Eufillin dilates the bronchi, as a result of which sputum is more easily removed, and a person can breathe normally without whistling, wheezing and painful coughing fits. If an adult or a child is not bothered by bouts of painful coughing, in which he literally suffocates, then Eufillin is not needed. In such situations, expectorant drugs are quite enough.

But if an adult or a child coughs heavily and painfully, he develops whole attacks that do not allow breathing and act literally asphyxiating, then it is recommended to take Eufillin 3 times a day. Adults are recommended to take 1 tablet, and children - 1/4 - 1/3 tablets. As the cough decreases, you should switch to taking only one dose of Eufillin (1 tablet for adults and 1/4 - 1/3 for children) at night so that you can sleep peacefully without coughing fits, which quite often occur with transition from vertical to horizontal position. Between taking the tablets, you should maintain at least a 6-hour interval.

For the purpose of a speedy recovery, 10-15 minutes after taking the Euphyllin tablet, it is recommended to carry out inhalation with ordinary mineral water or saline. This will speed up the excretion of sputum and, accordingly, the healing process will be faster.

Eufillin for inhalation

Inhalations with Eufillin are prescribed for obstructive bronchitis, since the drug expands the bronchi, relieving spasm, and facilitates the removal of sputum. However, the drug has all these effects only when it enters the systemic circulation, that is, when taken orally or injected.

The inhalation use of Eufillin belongs to the category of the so-called off-label-prescription, that is, the use is not according to the instructions. Unfortunately, such inhalations are quite widely used, although their effectiveness is very low, since Eufillin has practically no significant effect when it enters the mucous membrane. After all, to achieve a therapeutic effect, the drug must get to the blood.

In such situations, the relaxation of the bronchi and the excretion of sputum occurs due to the fact that during inhalation, water vapor enters the respiratory tract. That is, Eufillin inhalation is comparable in efficiency to inhalation with plain water. Therefore, in order to treat obstructive bronchitis or relieve an asthma attack, it is not recommended to use inhalations with Eufillin.

Electrophoresis with Eufillin (baby, child, adult)

Electrophoresis with Eufillin in people of any age is performed to relieve muscle hypertonicity, reduce intracranial pressure, treat hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis and arthrosis. In other words, electrophoresis with Eufillin is recommended for conditions when it is required to increase blood flow in a specific area. For example, with hypertonicity of the legs, Euphyllin electrophoresis is performed on the lumbar region, with increased intracranial pressure or cerebrovascular insufficiency - on the cervical vertebrae, etc.

This physiotherapeutic procedure allows you to create a concentration of the drug directly in the affected tissues, so that it acts pointwise, without causing systemic effects. It is due to the absence of these systemic effects that electrophoresis with Eufillin can be used in

Catad_pgroup Anti-asthma drugs

Eufillin solution - instructions for use

INSTRUCTIONS for medical use drug

Registration number:

Tradename:

Eufillin

INN:

Aminophylline

Dosage form:

solution for intravenous administration

Compound:

1 ml contains:

Active substance:
eufillin for injection (aminophylline) - 24.0 mg;

Auxiliary substance:
water for injection - up to 1 ml

Description:

clear colorless or slightly colored liquid

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

bronchodilator

ATC code:

R03DA05

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics
The drug inhibits phosphodiesterase, increases the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in tissues, blocks adenosine (purine) receptors, reduces the flow of calcium ions through the channels of cell membranes, and reduces the contractile activity of smooth muscles.

It relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, stimulates the respiratory center and improves alveolar ventilation, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the severity and frequency of apnea episodes.

It has a stimulating effect on the activity of the heart, increases the strength and frequency of heart contractions, increases coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand. Reduces the tone of blood vessels (mainly the vessels of the brain, skin and kidneys). It has a peripheral venodilating effect, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance, lowers pressure in the "small" circle of blood circulation. Increases renal blood flow, enhances the release of adrenaline by the adrenal glands. It has a moderate diuretic effect. Expands extrahepatic bile ducts. It inhibits platelet aggregation (suppresses the platelet activating factor and prostaglandin E2 alpha), increases the resistance of erythrocytes to deformation (improves the rheological properties of blood), reduces thrombosis and normalizes microcirculation.

It has a tocolytic effect, increases the acidity of gastric juice. When used in high doses, it has an epileptogenic effect.

Pharmacokinetics
The bioavailability of the drug is 90-100%.

The maximum concentration (7 μg / ml) with intravenous administration of 300 mg is reached after 15 minutes.

The volume of distribution is in the range of 300-700 ml/kg (30-70% of the "ideal" body weight), with an average of 450 ml/kg.

Communication with plasma proteins in adults - 60%, in newborns - 36%, in patients with cirrhosis of the liver - 36%. Penetrates into breast milk (10% of the accepted dose), through the placental barrier (the concentration in the blood serum of the fetus is slightly higher than in the mother's blood serum).

Aminophylline exhibits bronchodilating properties at concentrations of 10-20 μg / ml. Concentration over 20 mg/ml is toxic. The excitatory effect on the respiratory center is realized at a lower content of the drug in the blood - 5-10 μg / ml.

It is metabolized at physiological pH values ​​with the release of free theophylline, which is further metabolized in the liver with the participation of several cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. As a result, 1,3-dimethyluric acid (45-55%) is formed, which has pharmacological activity, but is 1-5 times inferior to theophylline. Caffeine is an active metabolite and is formed in small amounts, with the exception of premature infants and children under 6 months of age, in which, due to the extremely long half-life of caffeine, there is a significant accumulation in the body (up to 30% of that for aminophylline).

In children older than 3 years and in adults, the phenomenon of caffeine accumulation is absent.

The half-life in newborns and children under 6 months is more than 24 hours; in children older than 6 months - 3.7 hours; in adults - 8.7 hours; in smokers (20-40 cigarettes per day) - 4-5 hours (after quitting smoking, normalization of pharmacokinetics occurs for 3-4 months); in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary heart failure - over 24 hours.

Excreted by the kidneys. In newborns, about 50% of theophylline is excreted unchanged in the urine versus 10% in adults, which is associated with insufficient activity liver enzymes.

Indications for use:

Broncho-obstructive syndrome of any origin: bronchial asthma (the drug of choice in patients with bronchial asthma of physical exertion and as an additional remedy for other forms), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis, hypertension in the "small" circle of blood circulation, sleep apnea. Violation of cerebral circulation by ischemic type (as part of combination therapy to reduce intracranial pressure).

Left ventricular heart failure (as part of complex therapy).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the drug, as well as to xanthine derivatives: caffeine, pentoxifylline, theobromine. Severe arterial hypotension or hypertension, paroxysmal tachycardia, extrasystole, myocardial infarction with heart rhythm disturbances, epilepsy, increased convulsive readiness, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, thyrotoxicosis, pulmonary edema, severe coronary insufficiency, liver and / or kidney failure, hemorrhagic stroke, retinal hemorrhage eyes, bleeding in a recent anamnesis.

Carefully

Sepsis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (history), old age (over 55 years), uncontrolled hypothyroidism (possibility of cumulation), widespread vascular atherosclerosis, prostatic hyperplasia, children under 14 years of age (due to possible side effects).

Pregnancy and lactation

If it is necessary to use the drug during pregnancy, the expected benefit to the mother and the potential risk to the fetus should be compared.

If necessary, the use of the drug during breastfeeding, breastfeeding should be discontinued.

Dosage and administration

Route of administration: intravenously.

Adults are administered slowly (within 4-6 minutes) 5-10 ml of the drug (0.12-0.24 g), which is previously diluted in 10-20 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

When there is a feeling of palpitations, dizziness, nausea, the rate of administration is slowed down or switched to drip administration, for which 10-20 ml of the drug (0.24-0.48 g) is diluted in 100-150 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; administered at a rate of 30-50 drops per minute.

Before parenteral administration, the solution must be warmed to body temperature. Aminophylline is administered parenterally up to 3 times a day, no more than 14 days. The highest doses of aminophylline for adults with intravenous administration: single - 0.25 g, daily -0.5 g.

If necessary, children are administered aminophylline intravenously by drip at the rate of a single dose of 2-3 mg/kg. The highest doses for children with intravenous administration: single - 3 mg / kg, daily - under the age of 3 months - 0.03-0.06 g, from 4 to 12 months - 0.06-0.09 g, from 2 to 3 years - 0.09-0.12 g, from 4 to 7 years - 0.12-0.24 g, from 8 to 18 years - 0.25-0.5 g.

Side effect

From the nervous system: dizziness, headache, insomnia, agitation, anxiety, irritability, tremor.

From the side of the cardiovascular system: palpitations, tachycardia (including in the fetus when taken by a pregnant woman in the third trimester), arrhythmias, lowering blood pressure, cardialgia, an increase in the frequency of angina attacks.

From the digestive system: gastralgia, nausea, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn, exacerbation peptic ulcer, diarrhea, with prolonged use - a decrease in appetite.

Allergic reactions: skin rash, skin itching, exfoliative dermatitis, fever.

Others: chest pain, tachypnea, feeling of "tides" to the face, albuminuria, hematuria, hypoglycemia, increased diuresis, increased sweating.

Side effects decrease with a decrease in the dose of the drug, when the method of administration is changed (from jet to drip).

Local reactions: compaction, hyperemia, soreness at the injection site.

Overdose

Symptoms: loss of appetite, gastralgia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting (including with blood). gastrointestinal bleeding, tachypnea, flushing of the skin of the face, tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, insomnia, motor agitation, anxiety, photophobia. tremor, convulsions. In severe poisoning, epileptoid convulsions may develop (especially in children without any precursors), hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, lowering blood pressure, skeletal muscle necrosis, confusion, renal failure with myoglobinuria.

Treatment: drug withdrawal, forced diuresis, hemosorption, plasmasorption, hemodialysis (efficiency is low, peritoneal dialysis is ineffective), symptomatic therapy (including intravenous metoclopramide - with vomiting). If convulsions occur, maintain airway patency and provide oxygen therapy. To stop seizures, intravenously inject diazepam 0.1-0.3 mg / kg (but not more than 10 mg).

Interaction with other drugs

Pharmaceutically incompatible with acid solutions.

Increases the likelihood of side effects of glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticosteroids (hypernatremia), general anesthesia (increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias), central nervous system stimulants nervous system(increases neurotoxicity).

Antidiarrheal drugs and oral estrogen-containing contraceptives weaken the effect of aminophylline (they bind to the cytochrome P450 enzymatic system and change the metabolism of aminophylline).

Rifampicin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, isoniazid, carbamazepine and moracizin, being inducers of microsomal oxidation, increase the clearance of aminophylline, which may require an increase in its dose.

With simultaneous use with antibiotics of the macrolide group, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, small doses of ethanol, disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, recombinant interferon alfa, methotrexate, mexiletine, propafenone, thiabendazole, ticlopidine, verapamil and during influenza vaccination, the intensity of the action of amino phyllina can increase, which may require a dose reduction.

Enhances the action of beta-adrenergic stimulants and diuretics (including by increasing glomerular filtration), reduces the effectiveness of lithium preparations and beta-blockers.

Compatible with antispasmodics, do not use in conjunction with other xanthine derivatives.

With caution appoint simultaneously with anticoagulants.

special instructions

Exercise caution when consuming large amounts of caffeinated foods or drinks during treatment.

Before use, the solution of the drug must be heated to body temperature.

Impact on ability to drive vehicles, mechanisms and engaging in other activities that require concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
During treatment with the drug, it is not recommended to drive vehicles, mechanisms, as well as engage in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Release form:

Solution for intravenous administration 24 mg/ml.
5 or 10 ml in neutral glass ampoules. 10 ampoules, together with instructions for use and an ampoule scarifier, in a cardboard box.
5 ampoules in a blister pack. 2 blister packs together with instructions for use and an ampoule scarifier in a pack of cardboard.
When using ampoules with a notch, a point or a break ring, the scarifier is not inserted.

Storage conditions:

In a place protected from light at a temperature of 2 to 25 ° C.
Keep out of the reach of children.

Best before date:

3 years.
Do not use after the expiry date stated on the packaging.

Holiday conditions

Prescription release.

Manufacturer's address/
Organization receiving claims:

st. Bolshoi Kamenshchiki, 9, Moscow, 115172

Place of production

JSC "Moskhimfarmpreparaty" them. N.A. Semashko
1. st. Sergius of Radonezh, 15-17, Moscow. 107120;
2. st. B. Masons, 9, Moscow. 115172.

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Eufillin. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Eufillin in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Euphyllin analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of status asthmaticus and bronchial obstruction in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Eufillin- a bronchodilator, a xanthine derivative. Inhibits phosphodiesterase, increases the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in tissues, blocks adenosine (purine) receptors; reduces the flow of calcium ions through the channels of cell membranes, reduces the contractile activity of smooth muscles.

It relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, increases mucociliary clearance, stimulates diaphragm contraction, improves the function of the respiratory and intercostal muscles, stimulates the respiratory center, increases its sensitivity to carbon dioxide and improves alveolar ventilation, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the severity and frequency of apnea episodes. By normalizing the respiratory function, it helps to saturate the blood with oxygen and reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide.

It has a stimulating effect on the activity of the heart, increases the strength and number of heart contractions, increases coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand. Reduces the tone of blood vessels (mainly the vessels of the brain, skin and kidneys). It has a peripheral venodilating effect, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance, reduces pressure in the "small" circle of blood circulation. Increases renal blood flow, has a moderate diuretic effect.

Expands the extrahepatic bile ducts.

It inhibits platelet aggregation (suppresses the platelet activating factor and PgE2 alpha), increases the resistance of erythrocytes to deformation (improves the rheological properties of blood), reduces thrombosis and normalizes microcirculation.

It has a tocolytic effect, increases the acidity of gastric juice.

When used in high doses, it has an enileptogenic effect.

Pharmacokinetics

In the body, aminophylline (the active substance of the drug Eufillin) is metabolized at physiological pH values ​​with the release of free theophylline. Bronchodilating properties are manifested at concentrations of theophylline in blood plasma of 10-20 μg / ml. Concentration over 20 mg/ml is toxic. The excitatory effect on the respiratory center is realized at a lower concentration - 5-10 µg/ml. Penetrates through the placental barrier (the concentration in the serum of the fetus is slightly higher than in the mother's serum). Stands out from breast milk. In unchanged form, 10% is excreted in adults. In newborns, a significant part is excreted in the form of caffeine (due to the immaturity of the pathways for its further metabolism), unchanged - 50%.

Indications

• status asthmaticus (adjunctive therapy);
• apnea of ​​newborns;
• violation of cerebral circulation by ischemic type (as part of combination therapy);
• left ventricular failure with bronchospasm and respiratory failure of the Cheyne-Stokes type;
• edematous syndrome of renal genesis (as part of complex therapy);
• acute and chronic heart failure (as part of combination therapy);
• broncho-obstructive syndrome of various origins (including bronchial asthma, COPD, including pulmonary emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis);
• hypertension in the pulmonary circulation;
• "pulmonary" heart;
• sleep apnea.

Release form

Tablets 150 mg.

Solution for intravenous administration 24 mg / ml (injections in ampoules, in droppers).

Solution for intramuscular injection 240 mg / ml (injections in ampoules for injection).

Instructions for use and dosage

Pills

Inside, adults should be prescribed 150 mg per dose 1-3 times a day after meals. Children inside should be prescribed at the rate of 7-10 mg / kg per day in 4 divided doses. The duration of the course of treatment is from several days to several months, depending on the course of the disease and the tolerability of the drug.

The highest doses of aminophylline for adults inside: single - 0.5 g, daily - 1.5 g. Highest doses for children inside: single - 7 mg / kg, daily - 15 mg / kg.

Injection

Individual, depending on the indications, age, clinical situation, route and scheme of administration (intravenously, intramuscularly, through a drip), nicotine addiction.

Side effect

• dizziness;
• headache;
• insomnia;
• excitation;
• anxiety;
• irritability;
• tremor;
• heartbeat;
• tachycardia (including in the fetus when taken by a pregnant woman in the 3rd trimester);
• chest pain;
• lowering blood pressure;
• abdominal pain;
• nausea, vomiting;
• heartburn;
• exacerbation of peptic ulcer;
• diarrhea;
• loss of appetite;
• skin rash;
• fever;
• sensation of flushes to the face;
• hematuria;
• increased diuresis;
• increased sweating.

Contraindications

• hypersensitivity (including to other xanthine derivatives: caffeine, pentoxifylline, theobromine);
• epilepsy;
• peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (in the acute stage);
• gastritis with high acidity;
• severe arterial hyper- or hypotension;
• tachyarrhythmias;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• retinal hemorrhage;
• children's age (up to 3 years).

Use during pregnancy and lactation

With caution, pregnancy, lactation.

special instructions

Exercise caution when consuming large amounts of caffeinated foods or drinks during treatment.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

It is necessary to refrain from driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

drug interaction

Increases the likelihood of side effects of glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticosteroids (hypernatremia), general anesthesia (increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias), xanthines and central nervous system stimulants (increases neurotoxicity), beta-agonists.

Antidiarrheal drugs and enterosorbents reduce the absorption of aminophylline.

Rifampicin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, isoniazid, carbamazepine, sulfinpyrazone, aminoglutethimide, oral estrogen-containing contraceptives and moracizin, being inducers of microsomal liver enzymes, increase the clearance of aminophylline, which may require an increase in its dose.

With simultaneous use with antibiotics of the macrolide group, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, enoxacin, small doses of ethanol (alcohol), disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, recombinant interferon-alpha, methotrexate, mexiletine, propafenone, thiabendazole, ticlopidine, verapamil and when vaccinated against influenza the intensity of the action of Eufillin may increase, which may require a reduction in its dose.

Enhances the action of beta-adrenergic stimulants and diuretics (including by increasing glomerular filtration), reduces the effectiveness of lithium preparations and beta-blockers. Compatible with antispasmodics, do not use in conjunction with other xanthine derivatives.

Eufillin's analogues

Structural analogues for the active substance:

• Aminophylline;
• Aminophyllin-Eskom;
• Eufillin-Darnitsa;
• Eufillin injection 2.4%;
• Eufillina solution for injections 24%.

In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases that the corresponding drug helps with and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.