In the modern world there are many different varieties of apples. Every gardener tries to choose the right variety of apple tree, with the goal of collecting as much harvest as possible, which will not only suit the taste, but also suit the timing of fruiting.
This article will help you get acquainted with some of them and make the right choice.
Melba
The crown of the tree is oval, the height is average. A distinctive feature that is characteristic of this type of apple tree is a large amount of harvest and the ability to collect fruits annually. The tree begins to bear fruit 5-6 years after planting in the soil.
The fruit has a round-conical shape, weighs 100-120 g and is greenish-white in color with a bright red blush. The taste is sweet and sour. The apple ripens at the end of August and can be stored for 30 days. This variety is also characterized by excellent transportability.
Padding
The height of the tree of this variety is average. The densely leafy crown has a round-oval shape. A distinctive feature of the apple tree is that it begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting in the ground and produces a harvest annually.
The fruits ripen in mid-August and are stored for 10-15 days, and also have low transportability. This fruit has a round-conical shape, its weight reaches 100 g. The fruit tastes sweet and sour. This variety of apple trees has average winter hardiness and is resistant to pests and diseases (with the exception of scab).
Stark Erliest
The tree is of medium height and compact pyramidal shape. You can harvest apple trees of this variety almost every year. After planting the apple tree in the ground, the fruits will appear in 4-5 years. Ripening begins already in August. Apples have a round-conical shape, a shelf life of up to 20 days and a weight of up to 100 g.
Apples are highly transportable. The entire surface of the fruit has a bright red color. This variety is highly resistant to frost and is slightly affected by powdery mildew and scab.
Autumn varieties
Anise striped
The birthplace of this variety is the Volga region. The crown of the apple tree is wide-pyramidal or rounded, the tree is tall. Its peculiarity is that it has high yield and low early maturity. The fruit has a smooth and shiny surface, as well as a flat-round bulbous shape.
Its weight reaches from 70 to 90 g, the fruit tastes sweet and sour. This variety of apple trees has high winter hardiness and drought resistance, and average resistance to scab.
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya
The apple tree has medium or tall growth, and also has a compact dense crown and high yield. A distinctive feature of this variety is its high shedding and ripening of fruits at different times. The fruit size is average, weight reaches 133 g.
The shape of the fruit is flat-round, the skin is smooth with a high intensity of waxy coating. The apple has a sour taste with a subtle sweet note. The fruits of this variety have a high content of vitamin C.
Zhigulevskoe
Apple trees of this variety grow predominantly tall. Their advantages include the fact that they are fast-growing (they begin to bear fruit 5-6 years after planting) and have a high level of productivity. The fruit is larger than average in size, weighing from 200 to 250 g.
The skin of the fruit is smooth and durable, the flesh is juicy and dense. The apple has a sweet and sour taste. The tree has average winter hardiness. The leaves of the apple tree are less resistant to scab than the fruits.
Green varieties
Antonovka vulgare
Antonovka is one of the most popular apple varieties. Apple trees are tall trees with rounded and elongated crowns.
It is almost impossible to confuse Antonovka with other trees - its distinctive features are branches located close to the trunk, oval asymmetrical leaves, bright brown bark of shoots and white flowers.
Typically the fruits are large, oval and begin to ripen towards mid-autumn. If all storage rules are followed, apples can retain their original appearance for up to 2-3 months.
White filling
White filling is considered an analogue of Papirovka, because they are similar both in appearance and taste. The height of the trees is usually from 3-5 meters, they are considered medium-sized.
The crown of apple trees is pointed at a young age, but over time it acquires a rounded shape. The leaves are oval and bright green, the petioles are elongated. The apples are small, their weight rarely exceeds 80-100 g. The fruits usually ripen by the end of August and are stored for no more than 3 months.
Amber
Amber has a unique sweet and sour taste, which makes it no less popular. Apple trees are able to withstand severe frosts, but with a minimum amount of precipitation, because... fruits and leaves may be significantly damaged. Twisty and slender trees with thin and long shoots are colored gray-brown.
The fruits are small and have a distinctive amber-yellow skin. The apple pulp has a creamy, milky hue. Fruit ripening begins in late summer - early autumn and ends by mid-September.
Pyramid varieties
Ostankino
Ostankino is an early winter variety, the fruits of which can be reaped already in the first half of autumn. The trees are small, medium-sized and compact. The shoots are medium thick, the leaves are long, green and rounded.
The fruits are large, bright red, their weight can reach 250-300 grams. The apples are strong and can be stored until late autumn. The pulp is white, fine-grained and very juicy.
The president
An apple tree of this variety is a wonderful decoration for the garden. Despite the fact that the height of trees rarely exceeds 2 meters, they are noticeable in any part of the garden. Distinctive features are a thick trunk, large white flowers, a long branched crown and dark green oval-shaped leaves.
The apples are large, there are a lot of them - usually up to 15 kg can be collected from one tree. The fruits are yellow-pink, turnip-shaped. A huge advantage of the apple tree is its frost resistance, which allows it to withstand frosts down to -30 degrees.
Constellation
Constellation is a winter variety, with apple sizes up to 150 grams. The color of the fruit combines dark red and lilac shades. The trees are medium-sized, with few branches and dark green and oblong leaves. The apples are large, sweet and sour, with yellowish flesh.
The trees are resistant to low temperatures and can withstand up to -40 degrees. In addition, they have high immunity to various diseases, and therefore do not require annual special treatment.
The best varieties
Bogatyr
Apple trees are usually tall, with a spreading crown. The advantage of this variety is that the fruits can be harvested every year, and the yield is consistently high. Ripe apples have crisp, fine-grained flesh. They become ripe in early autumn, but it is recommended to harvest no earlier than October, but before the onset of cold weather.
After picking, you should refrain from consuming apples (due to the dense pulp) and wait a couple of months. The weight of the fruit is 160-400 g, the taste is sweet and sour. This variety is a winter variety.
Bratchud
The trees of this variety are dwarf (2-2.5 m high). A distinctive feature is that the harvest can be harvested 3-4 years after planting in the soil, and also that apple trees need pollination. Has high productivity. The fruits should be collected in September.
Apples can be stored until mid-February. The weight of the fetus reaches 110-160 g, in rare cases 200-250 g. Apples taste sweet and sour. The trees are frost-resistant and also resistant to bark diseases.
Northern synapse
Trees of this variety come in two types: dwarf and tall. Tall apple trees have a wide crown with an average density. The difference between this type is that the variety has the ability to form an ovary without the help of cross-pollination, but the yield level will not decrease.
The fruits grow juicy with a sweet and sour taste, weighing up to 95-150 g. They become ripe in mid-autumn, but apples should be picked after the leaves fall. The harvest, harvested at the right time, will delight you with its taste until the beginning of summer. The trees have high frost resistance. Almost exposed to diseases.
You can learn more about the above and other types of apples from the following video:
The variety of apples is amazing. According to statistics, they are the most popular fruits. Low calorie content and a wide range contribute to increased demand.
Fruits belonging to different varieties differ in size, taste, aroma, amount of sugar in the composition, and ripening period. Based on the last criterion, late and early varieties are distinguished.
Apple varieties that bear fruit in summer
Summer apple trees bear fruit from early July to late August. The fruits are recommended to be consumed and processed immediately after collection. This is due to their consumer maturity. If harvesting is not done in a timely manner, the fruits remain unripe or become overripe. This is fraught with loss of taste and loosening of the pulp. Fruits should be stored for no longer than 1 month. Otherwise, crop damage cannot be avoided.
The positive properties of summer varieties include early fruiting, high yield, large fruits and average winter hardiness. Among the disadvantages are the susceptibility of leaves to scab, and the difficulties encountered when transporting fruit.
Summer varieties include:
Shelf life is about 3 months. The yellow-red fruits have a rich taste, pleasant aroma, dense and crispy flesh.
The weight of one fruit is 200 g. Among the features is good keeping quality. There are usually no problems with transportation.
Delcorf
The mass of one apple is 200 g.
Among the characteristic features are the sweet and sour taste of the fruit and rapid shedding.
Kate
The fruits ripen by the middle of the last summer month. The pulp has a dense structure and creamy color.
Ripe apples are red in color. There are whitish dots on their surface.
Green fruits ripen by the end of June. The weight of each apple is about 150 g.
Their peculiarity is a combination of wine flavor and sourness.
Candy
A variety obtained by domestic breeders. Its features include large yellow fruits with juicy, tender pulp.
Williams Pride
Dark red, with a purple tint, the fruit is distinguished by its flattened shape, wine flavor and crispy pulp.
The weight of one fruit is about 160 g. The storage period is 6-8 weeks.
Quinty
The fruits ripen by mid-summer. Yellow-green apples with a ruddy side can be kept for 2 weeks.
The advantages of the Canadian variety include resistance to drought and fungi.
Autumn varieties of apples
Their main feature is the discrepancy between consumer maturity and the collection period. Experts recommend starting processing only 2 weeks after the harvest is harvested. The average shelf life of apples is 3 months. Among the disadvantages are a high susceptibility to fungal diseases, and fruiting, which occurs only during certain periods.
Most varieties are not distinguished by early ripening. The first harvest is usually obtained only 5 years after the seedlings are planted in the ground. The advantages of apples ripening in autumn include bright color, stable medium size, and the possibility of long-term storage. When choosing a variety, take into account how the fruit will be used.
Glory to the winners
Juices are prepared from the fruits obtained by growing this variety. They are also consumed fresh. Trees vary in height.
Round apples should not be kept for longer than 2 months.
Uralets
It was bred by Sverdlovsk breeders. The taste of apples is distinguished by sourness and viscosity. The weight of each does not exceed 60 g. The fruits are decorated with scarlet stripes and a beautiful blush.
Store them in a room with high humidity. Among the advantages is resistance to low temperatures and fungal diseases.
Rozhdestvenskoe
The apples were obtained as a result of selection of the Welsey variety. The height of the trees cannot be more than 4 m; there is no risk of scab symptoms.
The fruits are distinguished by their large size, sweet and sour taste, and resistance to external factors.
Apples have a flattened shape, rich color, and high sugar content.
The weight of pale pink fruits reaches 130 g.
Bellefleur-Chinese
Very large apples with a sweet and sour taste.
Rose of Tartu (Welsea)
Fruits that have a light green tint and an interesting taste. Rapid fruiting is noted.
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya
A universal variety characterized by early ripening.
The fruits are decorated with scarlet wide stripes.
Lobo
An early winter variety that produces large brownish-red apples.
Mac
The characteristic features of the tree include a spreading crown.
Apples have an interesting candy flavor.
Sava
A variety bred by Belarusian breeders.
Among the distinctive features are the slightly elongated shape of the fruit, resistance to harsh climatic conditions and fungal diseases.
Their main difference from other varieties is their resistance to harsh climates. The harvest is harvested before the onset of severe frosts. Among the characteristic features are a rich aroma, good taste, and no difficulties with transportation. Winter hardiness is a quality that implies the ability to withstand low temperatures for a long period. Fruits obtained from growing winter apple trees do not lose their beneficial properties for a long time. They are often stored until the summer months begin. This makes the taste more intense and the aroma more stable.
Varieties that have this valuable property are no less popular than high-yielding summer and autumn varieties. Experienced gardeners often plant apple trees belonging to different winter varieties. Today, without much difficulty, you can purchase seedlings from both domestic and foreign producers.
The imported ones include Golden Delicious, Jonathan, Jonagold and Idared. The latter was the result of selection between two main varieties: Wagner and Jonathan. Its fruits are distinguished by their flat-round shape, large size, glossy tint and light green color.
The list of the most popular includes such domestic varieties as:
Antonovka vulgare
Frost-resistant, tall, not resistant to scab. It begins to bear fruit only at 7-8 years. Ripens at the end of September. Stored until January.
The fruit is round, flattened, green with yellowness, juicy, sweet and sour taste (about 200 g).
Aurora Ural
The tree grows to medium size. The variety was produced for the Volga-Vyatka region. The fruits are oval, about 85 g, yellowish with wide ruddy sides, juicy, wine-sweet taste. Not winter-hardy enough, but shelf life is good (until January).
Moderately resistant to scab.
Aphrodite
Winter-hardy, scab-resistant.
The fruit is medium size (125 g), greenish with a rich raspberry blush, sweet and sour.
Bezhin meadow
Early fruiting, productive, highly resistant to apple tree diseases.
Berkutovskoe
Drought-resistant, winter-hardy.
Not resistant to powdery mildew. Fruit (150 g), with red stripes and yellowish pulp, juicy, sweet and sour.
Bolotovskoe
It is distinguished by high frost resistance, resistance to scab, and keeping quality (mid-February).
Disadvantage: if you are late with cleaning, it quickly crumbles.
Bryanskoe
It begins to bear fruit already in 3-4 years and is winter-hardy.
Not resistant to rot, but resistant to scab. High-yielding, does not fall off, good presentation.
Veteran
Advantages: fruiting for 4-5 years, scab resistance, storage until March, amazing taste and appearance.
Disadvantages – winters medium, rapid leaf fall.
Knight
A large tree with a drooping crown. Frost-resistant, scab-resistant, lasts until May.
Cherry
Dessert, pink and snow-white color. Ripens in early autumn and is stored until January.
Moderately resistant to frost and disease.
Star
Storage until early March. Needs pruning and is resistant to scab.
But may suffer from very low temperatures.
Champion
The tree is compact. Early fruiting in the 3rd year, good annual harvest in the 5th. Winter hardiness, powdery mildew damage is average, scab resistance is high.
Susceptible to other diseases (bacterial burn, bitter pitting). The fruits are large (up to 200 g). Stored in the refrigerator until spring.
Winter striped
Advantages - fruiting for 3-4 years, tasty, beautiful fruits, stored until mid-spring.
Disadvantages - not resistant to scab and severe frosts.
Kuibyshevskoe
A large tree with a conical crown. Winter-hardy, but easily susceptible to disease. The fruit (about 130 g) is yellow with pink sides, stored until the end of winter.
High-yielding variety. When growing winter varieties, it is necessary to take into account several important nuances. To get a good harvest, the gardener will have to regularly fertilize and trim the crown. These measures are included in the complex of energy-saving agricultural technology. This way the fruit gets more nutrients.
Varieties for the middle zone and Moscow region
The most suitable conditions are in areas characterized by deep groundwater and fertile soil. When selecting, you should pay attention to varieties such as:
Zhigulevskoe is an early ripening variety, after planting which the harvest will be obtained in 4 years. If all the rules are followed, the trees bear fruit annually. A powerful root system provides adequate nutrition. Reddish-orange apples have a good taste.
Wonderful
Among the main features are short stature and branches growing in a horizontal direction.
Yellow apples have a sweetish taste and sourness. High level of frost resistance.
Delight
Semi-dwarf variety, ripens in September. The branches are brown, the bark is gray. High yield, medium-sized apples have a reddish tint and a conical shape.
The taste is sweet and sour. Among the distinctive features are resistance to illnesses and low temperatures.
Striefel
Raspberry fruits are decorated with brighter stripes. The level of safety is quite high. An adult tree is characterized by impressive parameters.
The crown diameter is 8 m. The disadvantages include instability to ailments.
Varieties for the Volga region
Red early ripening
Winter-hardy apple trees, characterized by medium height and rounded shape.
The weight of one flattened fruit does not exceed 70 g.
Mantet
It was obtained as a result of Canadian selection. Average frost resistance.
Apples are distinguished by juicy pulp, wide range in weight (160-220 g).
Zhemchuzhnoe
Large round apples with white-greenish flesh, strong aroma, good taste.
Padding
It is highly resistant to harsh conditions. Fruiting begins in the fifth year.
The pulp is tender and loose, the shelf life is quite short.
A summer variety characterized by winter hardiness and high yield.
The best apple varieties for Siberia and the Urals
Each variety is characterized by winter hardiness, productivity, ripening period, and resistance to disease. The list is quite extensive, it includes the following varieties:
Sweet apples ripen in late summer.
The only drawback is the short shelf life.
Melba
The harvest is obtained 4 years after planting the seedlings. The weight of each fruit is about 150 g.
You need to keep the fruit for three months.
A hybrid variety (crossing Linda and Golden Delicious) that produces apples when grown. Winter-hardy, disease-resistant. Bears fruit for 3 years. The apples are greenish-yellow with red sides. Their weight is approximately 300 g.
Renet Tatar
It begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years and is stored until April. Frost-resistant, high-yielding, moderately resistant to scab. The fruits are green-yellow, with a crimson blush. The pulp is white, juicy.
The list is supplemented by such species as Hornist, Antonovka, Anis, Krasa Sverdlovsk, Florina.
Mister Summer Resident's Choice
Apples are a source of micro- and macroelements, vitamins, and minerals. Thanks to the variety of varieties, every gardener will be able to choose suitable options. In doing so, he must take into account the determining factors listed above. When selecting seedlings, you need to focus on the condition of their root system.
Precocious
This group includes varieties that produce the first harvest in the first 5 years. A prime example is Beforest. This variety is characterized by average frost resistance and long shelf life. The last indicator is equal to six months. The first fruits are harvested in the 4th year. Papirovka begins to bear fruit during the same period. The variety is distinguished by its early ripening, original taste, and short shelf life. Stark Erliest are characterized by tender flesh, a bright pink hue and a sweet and sour taste.
Columnar
When choosing such varieties, there is no need to take measures to shape the appearance of the plant.
The list of common varieties includes the following varieties:
- Arbat - the harvest is harvested in the second year. Among the characteristic features are long-lasting shelf life, disease resistance and frost resistance;
- Gin - the height of the tree is 2 m. Apples have a sweet and sour taste;
- Barguzin - fruiting begins in the third year. Characteristic features include increased winter hardiness and productivity.
By using columnar trees you can not only increase the number of apples collected, but also decorate your garden plot.
The sweetest
Such taste qualities are explained by the high concentration of fructose and sucrose. It should be noted that this value does not affect the coloring. Varieties characterized by sweetness include:
- Jonathan - apple trees that are characterized by medium growth and high yield. The yellow-green fruits have a wine-like flavor;
- Fuji is a variety that produces crops in winter and autumn. The fruits are characterized by their large size and long shelf life;
- Gala is a variety characterized by early winter or late autumn ripening. The harvest begins 6-7 years after the seedlings are planted in the ground. The fruits are large in size, the weight of each of them is about 250 g. Also, the features include a pleasant astringent taste and crispy tender pulp.
Picked apples should be kept in a cool and dark place. To ensure freshness, clean sand is used.
By regularly consuming fruits, you can cleanse your body of waste and toxins. Including these fruits in the diet relieves stomach pain, stabilizes the nervous system, and strengthens the immune system. Fruits must be included in the diet prepared for the child. In winter, they are the most accessible fruit. Domestic producers supply the market with many different varieties. Therefore, there are usually no difficulties with selecting apples.
Selection principles
To plant a garden, you need to purchase seedlings. The selection of suitable varieties is carried out based on personal preferences, type of soil cover, climatic conditions and the most suitable ripening time. Experts recommend planting apple trees belonging to different varieties in one area. In this case, the need of trees for pollination should be taken into account.
To identify the variety, an examination is carried out. In this case, special attention is paid to the following points:
- The structure of the vegetative parts of the plant.
- Indicators of organoleptic type.
- Color and consistency of pulp.
- Peel structure.
- Determination of fruit shape.
- Fruit size (average).
Large-fruited apples are more popular than small-fruited ones. Ranetki can be considered an exception to the rule. Their flesh is hard.
Helping gardeners choose the apples that best suit their needs and wishes. In the catalog of apple tree varieties on the website you will find not only popular species cultivated in Russia for centuries, but also new hybrids that have recently come to us, but have managed to show their best side.
The main advantage of our information is that, in addition to detailed descriptions, photos and reviews of farmers and summer residents, here you can use a search among the characteristics of varieties to find what you need!
In our catalog we pay special attention to the appearance of planting material. This was done so that even a novice gardener could identify the seedling when purchasing. According to current statistics, a discrepancy between the variety of fruit trees and the one declared by the seller is observed in 40-60% of cases! We are talking about purposeful deception by sellers on the market, when newbies are given low-quality, low-quality items under the guise of being rare and expensive, as well as accidental mistakes.
With the help of our descriptions, you can accurately determine and select what you need.
Total found: 22
The once extremely popular variety is currently losing ground due to the emergence of modern competitors that are more tasty and convenient for industrial cultivation. But nothing will shake the love of many summer residents for Idared...
Winter, medium-sized apples, convenient for industrial cultivation due to their excellent keeping quality and transportability. They work best in the southern regions, as they have average winter hardiness and are drought-resistant.
Tall trees, up to 10 meters, were developed primarily for the central regions of Russia. Large apples with unusual green flesh, sweet and sour (low acid content). They keep well until February.
The fruits of this variety stand out very favorably on the market: they have an unusual shape and attract buyers. And they come back again thanks to the excellent taste of Kandil apples. Early fruiting trees of short stature are resistant to cold and scab.
Early fruiting apples with excellent taste, reaching almost 300 grams. weight. They were bred in Japan, so they are better suited to the Southern and Central regions of Russia. It is not yet used in industrial gardening, but is very popular among private owners.
A time-tested variety from the USSR, which has not lost its relevance at the moment due to its excellent product characteristics. It has a refreshing sweet and sour taste and is in constant demand among customers.
The variety, which has somewhat lost its relevance against the backdrop of new hybrids, produces the first harvests only at 7-8 years of age. However, the productivity of an apple tree increases with age and reaches its peak by 10-12 years. Recommended for northern regions.
Bright, very appetizing-looking apples are actually very tasty. The first harvest can be harvested in the second year of the tree's life. The apple trees themselves are extremely frost-resistant, which makes them an excellent choice for the Northern regions.
The group of the best winter varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region and central Russia includes: Anise gray, Antonovka vulgaris, Renet bergamot, Slavyanka, etc.
Winter variety Anise gray in the photo
Anise gray (striped)
The tree develops strongly, forming a powerful, wide-pyramidal, fairly dense crown. The main branches and their branches are firmly attached and can withstand large harvests. Restores the crown well. The most winter-hardy variety. Life expectancy is 60-80 years. There are also hundred-year-old trees.
This is one of the best winter varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region and the middle zone, high-yielding and early-fruiting. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th-6th year. Harvests are annual. During the period of initial fruiting, the yield is moderate, and at the time of full fruiting it produces high yields: 300-350 kg of apples are often harvested from individual trees. Flowering early.
As can be seen in the photo, this variety of apple trees, recommended for the Moscow region, has fruits of medium size, sometimes small (60-75 g), flat-round, slightly conical, with light green aromatic skin covered with a grayish-red smoky coating or numerous reddish stripes:
Apple variety “Anise gray” in the photo 
“Anise” apple fruits are flat-round, slightly conical (photo)
The pulp is light green, juicy, sweet and sour with a spicy taste.
The fruits are eaten in the second half of September. They remain in storage until February.
Gray anise is the best variety of apple trees for fresh consumption and for technical processing (dough, jam, juices, confectionery); good for the lobe.
The main variety in all zones, both in rain-fed and irrigated gardens. Although it is drought-resistant, when irrigated, the size of the fruit and its yield increase sharply.
Apple tree "Antonovka vulgaris" in the photo
Antonovka vulgare
The tree reaches large sizes, forming a well-developed spherical crown with the main branches firmly attached to the trunk. Relatively frost-resistant. When describing this winter variety of apple trees recommended for the Moscow region, it is worth noting that it grows and bears fruit better on moderately moist or irrigated soils.
It begins to bear fruit at the age of 7-8 years. Productivity is high, with a rapid increase during the period of initial fruiting. This necessitates systematic fertilization.
Look at the photo - when describing this winter variety of apple trees, it is especially worth noting the large (on average 120-150 g), round-cylindrical or conical with wide ribs, light yellow, with a strong aroma:
Winter apple tree variety “Antonovka vulgaris” in the photo 
The fruits of the “Antonovka vulgaris” apple tree are round-cylindrical or conical with wide ribs (photo)
The pulp is white, juicy, tartrate-sweet, pleasant taste.
Flowering later. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. Ripening in October - November. Keeps in storage for 3-4 months, a valuable variety for fresh consumption and technical processing: large quantities are used for the preparation of marshmallows, candied fruits, marmalade, jelly, apple dough; good for the lobe.
Apple tree variety “Antonovka-kamenichka” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Antonovka-kamenichka” in the photo
Antonovka-kamenichka
Apple tree variety “Renet bergamot” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Renet bergamot” in the photo
Renet bergamot
This winter variety of apple trees, grown in the middle zone, was obtained by I. V. Michurin from the seeds of Antonovka six hundred grams.
The tree is vigorous, with an oval, medium-dense crown, with strong main branches. In the conditions of the region it tolerates winter well. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 6-7 years. The productivity is high: in the conditions of the region it is no lower than that of gray anise. Flowering is mid-early.
It bears fruit mainly at the ends of fruit twigs, which must be taken into account when pruning.
Not resistant enough against scab, especially in rainy years or in low areas.
The fruits are large or medium (average weight 120-125 g), onion-shaped, without ribs. The stalk lacks the usual funnel, and some fruits have a tubercle here, like pears. When picked, the fruits are green, but when stored they acquire a yellow color, often with a pinkish “tan” on the sunny side. The pulp is dense, sweet and sour.
Late winter variety. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. The fruits last for 6-7 months. They tolerate long-distance transportation well. Consumed fresh.
Here you can see photos of the best varieties of apple trees, the descriptions of which are given above:
Apple variety “Anise striped” in the photo 
Apple variety “Antonovka ordinary” in the photo
What popular winter varieties of apple trees are best to plant in the middle zone?
Apple tree variety “Slavyanka” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Slavyanka” in the photo
Slav
This popular winter variety of apple trees for the middle zone was obtained by I. V. Michurin by crossing Antonovka vulgare with pineapple. The variety is early-bearing, high-yielding. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 4-5 with a rapid increase in yields over the years.
The tree is of moderate development, forms a rounded, medium-spreading beautiful crown. Winter hardiness is good. Flowering later.
The fruits are of medium or below average size (average weight 60-65 g), onion-round, yellowish-green when picked, turning yellow when stored. The pulp is juicy, tender, with excellent tartrate taste.
Eating fruits - at the end of September; consumer maturity - mid-November. They remain stored for 5-6 months; endure long-distance transport. The best dessert variety.
This is one of those varieties of apple trees that are best planted in the Moscow region on fertilized, moderately moist or irrigated soils. With a lack of moisture it produces small fruits.
Apple tree variety “Skryzhapel” in the photo 
Fruits of the Skryzhapel apple tree in the photo
Skryzhapel
The tree is vigorous, with a pyramidal crown. Winter hardiness is good. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th-6th year. Productivity is high. Flowering occurs in medium terms.
At the age of initial fruiting it produces moderate yields, and at the age of full yields it produces high yields.
The fruits are medium-sized, flat-rounded, strongly ribbed, yellow-green, with dark red densely spaced continuous and intermittent stripes.
This is one of the best varieties of apple trees for the middle zone with dense, juicy, light green pulp with a sweetish taste and slight acidity. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. They remain stored for 6-7 months. Transport is tolerated well. They are often affected by scab.
The variety is found in several forms, differing in yield, fruit size and color. When propagating, it is necessary to take cuttings from trees that are more productive, with larger and better colored fruits.
Apple tree variety “Borsdorf-Chinese” in the photo 
Fruits of the Borsdorf-Chinese apple tree in the photo
Borsdorf-Chinese
The variety was bred by I.V. Michurin by crossing Borsdorf bulbous with Chinese.
Trees of medium development. Winter hardiness is average. They begin to bear fruit at the age of 5-6 years with a rapid increase in yields over the years. Productivity is high: at 12 years of age it produces up to 130 kg per tree. The fruits are medium or below average size (average weight 60-70 g), rounded, smooth, greenish, yellow-green when lying down with whitish, barely noticeable subcutaneous dots, sometimes with blush on the sunny side. The pulp is dense, juicy, sweet and sour, with an excellent taste with a slight spice.
The fruits are harvested at the end of September. Consumer maturity in November - December. Stored in storage for up to 10 months. This is one of those varieties of apple trees that are best planted in the Moscow region; the fruits tolerate transportation well.
Higher yields and fruits of better commercial quality are obtained in irrigated gardens.
This selection contains photos of winter varieties of apple trees recommended for the Moscow region in central Russia:
Apple tree variety “Winter dessert” in the photo 
Apple tree fruits “Winter dessert” in the photo
Winter dessert
The variety was bred by S.P. Kedrin in 1935 by crossing Antonovka saffron with Pepin London. The tree is winter-hardy, of medium vigor, with a flat-rounded crown. The variety is winter, its yield is high - in the 3rd year of fruiting the tree produced 21 kg of fruit.
The fruits are round-conical, medium in size, weighing about 100 g (larger than anises), covered with a bright speckled-striped blush along the main yellow color of the skin in the form of shiny carmine stripes and wide strokes with a strong bluish bloom.
The pulp is light yellow, juicy, fine-grained, dense, tender, with an excellent sweet and sour taste. Removable fruit maturity occurs in the first half of September. The shelf life and consumption period are longer than those of anise and anise (from October to March). Recommended for testing in all middle zones.
Apple tree variety “Yellow ribbed” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Yellow ribbed” in the photo
Yellow ribbed
The variety was bred by S.P. Kedrin in 1935 by crossing Antonovka saffron with Pepin London. The tree is winter-hardy, medium-sized, with a rounded crown. The variety is typically winter. The annual yield is high. In the 3rd year of fruiting, the tree produces 19 kg of fruit.
The fruits are medium in size (larger than anises), conical in shape, with pronounced ribbing in the upper part of the fruit. The description of this variety of apple trees, recommended for the Moscow region, fully corresponds to the name: its fruits are yellow, with an orange-red tan on the sunny side.
The pulp is light yellow, juicy, dense, fine-grained, with an excellent sweet and sour taste. Removable maturity - in the second half of September. The fruits ripen in October - November and are stored for a long time without losing their high dessert qualities, having in this regard advantages over local varieties.
“Winter dessert” in the photo 
“Yellow ribbed” in the photo
Apple tree variety “Scarlet Anise” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Scarlet Anise” in the photo
Scarlet anise (velvet, red, morocco)
An ancient variety, widespread in the middle zone.
The trees grow strongly, forming a wide pyramidal crown with dense branching. The main branches are firmly attached to the trunk and support large harvests. They are distinguished by durability, great frost resistance (but somewhat less than Gray Anise) and drought resistance. Productivity is high. During the period of initial fruiting (5-10 years) it produces moderate yields, during the period of highest yields (20-50 years) it produces high yields. Individual trees produce up to 200-300 kg of fruit. They begin to bear fruit from the 5th-6th year. Flowering early.
This autumn variety of apple trees for the middle zone has fruits of medium size (60-70 g), very beautiful, flat-rounded, slightly conical, with a blurred red blush and a bluish bloom, fragrant. The pulp is greenish-white, sometimes with a pink tint, dense, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, spicy.
The fruits are harvested at the end of August - beginning of September. Stored in storage for 3-4 months. They tolerate long-distance transportation well. Consumed fresh; good for technical processing (jam, pastille, etc.) and lobes.
Fruits in storage are sometimes affected by bitter rot (pepper rot), so during storage they need to be checked more often. With high drought resistance, the variety in irrigated gardens produces higher yields of better commercial quality fruits.
Apple tree variety “Malt cross” in the photo 
Fruits of the “Malt cross” apple tree in the photo
Malta cross
The trees are vigorous, with an elongated oval-rounded, medium-dense crown and straight main branches. In mature trees, under the weight of the harvest, the crown becomes spreading. The variety is winter-hardy. Productivity is high. It begins to bear fruit in the 6-7th year. Flowering is mid-early. At the age of initial fruiting it produces moderate yields, and at the time of full fruiting it produces high yields, superior to many local varieties. Individual trees produce 250-350 kg of fruit.
This one of the best autumn varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region has large fruits (average weight 120 g), flat-rounded, slightly conical in the upper part, wide-ribbed.
The skin is yellow, matte, thick; on the sunny side it is covered with a continuous blush, along which there are red stripes. Large subcutaneous dots are scattered throughout the fruit, giving it a “marbling” appearance.
The pulp is yellowish-white, medium-dense, moderately juicy, with a good sweet and sour taste.
The fruits are harvested at the end of August - beginning of September. They remain stored for 2-2.5 months. They tolerate transportation well. Consumed fresh and for technical processing. Good for the lobe.
Apple tree "Borovinka" in the photo
Borovinka
Central Russian variety, widespread in the middle zone.
Trees of medium development with a spherical, medium-dense crown, covered with dark green foliage. The main branches sometimes break off under the weight of the fruit. Therefore, by the time of full fruiting they should be secured by tying. The variety is winter-hardy. Productivity is high, annual. They begin to bear fruit in the 5th-6th year, sometimes earlier, with a rapid increase in yield. During the period of greatest harvests, 300-350 kg of fruits are often removed from individual trees. Flowering early. A good pollinator for many varieties.
Reacts well to fertilizers and irrigation.
In low-lying areas, as well as in rainy years, fruits are affected by scab.
Pay attention to the photo - this variety of apple trees, recommended for the Moscow region, has medium-sized or large fruits (average weight 80-100 g), round or flat-rounded, smooth or with weak ribbing:
Fruits of the Borovinka apple tree in the photo 
The fruit is round or flat-round, smooth or with slight ribbing (photo)
The skin is yellow-green, smooth, shiny, covered with pale red or carmine wide stripes throughout the fruit. Subcutaneous points are clearly visible. The pulp is yellow-white, juicy, with a pleasant tartine-sweet taste.
Fruit harvesting is at the end of August. Consumed fresh and for technical processing. Transportation is well tolerated. Stored in storage for about 2 months.
Below you will find out what other varieties of autumn apple trees can be planted on your site.
Apple tree variety “White Skrut” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “White Skrut” in the photo
White skrut (pink skrut, Skrut, Semi-skrut)
The trees of this variety of autumn apple trees for the Moscow region are vigorous, durable, with a wide-spreading, medium-dense or sparse crown. The variety is highly winter-hardy and productive.
They begin to bear fruit from the 6th-7th year. Flowering is mid-early. At the age of initial and increasing fruiting (7 - 20 years) they produce moderate yields, and at the age of greatest yield they produce high yields, almost like Anise and Malta crusa.
The fruits are of medium size (average weight 75-100 g), flat-round or round, smooth, with a weak depression for the stalk, sometimes without it. The skin is snow-white, shiny, covered with faint pink stripes, strokes or solid washes. The pulp is white, juicy, sweet and sour, slightly astringent, mediocre taste. Fruits are often affected by scab and fruit rot.
The fruits are harvested at the end of August - beginning of September.
Consumed fresh and for technical processing (produces good quality dough); also suitable for lobes. It lasts for about one and a half months. Not suitable for long-distance transportation.
Apple tree variety "Antonovka six hundred gram" in the photo
Antonovka six hundred gram
The trees are powerfully developed, with an oval-round, medium-dense crown, covered with large leaves.
The variety is winter-hardy, the yield is high. Flowering later. At the age of 24-30 years, it produces an average of 100-150 kg of fruit per tree, and 300-500 kg are harvested from individual mature trees. Fruiting from 7-8 years.
The photo shows that this autumn variety of apple trees for the Moscow region has very large fruits (average weight 250-300 g), onion-oval, ribbed, yellowish-white:
Autumn variety “Antonovka six hundred grams” in the photo 
The fruits are onion-oval, ribbed, yellowish-white (photo)
The pulp is juicy, white, fine-grained, tender. The taste is sweet and sour.
The fruits are harvested in mid-September. The fruits are consumed fresh and for technical processing. Not suitable for long-distance transportation. Stored in storage for about 2 months.
Apple tree variety "Bellefleur-Chinese" in the photo
Bellefleur-Chinese
The trees are vigorous, with an oval-rounded, medium-dense crown. Winter hardiness is average, yield is good. They begin to bear fruit from the 7th-8th year.
During the period of initial and increasing fruiting, the yield is moderate, and during the period of full fruiting it is high. Flowering - in the middle period.
As you can see in the photo, this autumn variety of apple trees for the middle zone has large fruits (average weight 150 - 200 g), round, slightly ribbed:
Autumn variety “Bellefleur-Chinese” in the photo 
The fruits are large, round, slightly ribbed in the photo
The skin is golden yellow, shiny, with bright red stripes. The pulp is white, juicy, fine-grained, tender, aromatic, with an excellent, slightly acidic and spicy taste.
The fruits are harvested in the first half of September. The fruits are stored until December. They tolerate transportation well. The best dessert variety.
Apple tree variety “Chinese Sanina” in the photo 
Fruits of the “Chinese Sanina” apple tree in the photo
Chinese Sanina (Ranetka Sanina)
Volga region variety of large-fruited Chinese plant. Distributed throughout the middle zone.
The trees grow strongly, forming a fairly dense oval-rounded crown. Winter hardiness and productivity are high. Drought resistant. They begin to bear fruit from the 5th to 8th year (later than other Chinese). During the period of initial and increasing fruiting it produces moderate yields, and during the period of full fruiting it produces high yields.
The fruits are larger than many Chinese varieties (average weight 25-30 g), have an elongated oval or ovoid shape. The skin is green-yellow, covered almost over the entire surface with a blurred red blush. The pulp is dense, hard, sweet and sour taste.
The fruits are eaten at the end of August. Can be stored for 2-2.5 months. They tolerate transportation well.
The fruits are used mainly for technical processing (confectionery, jam, juices, wine, etc.).
There are trees with a rounded, slightly spreading crown and a more pyramidal one. The former usually begin to bear fruit earlier and their yield is higher. When propagating a variety, cuttings must be taken from productive trees.
Look at the photos of apple tree varieties described above:
Apple tree variety “Bellefleur-Chinese” in the photo 
Apple tree variety “Chinese Sanina” in the photo
Apple tree variety “Volzhskaya China” in the photo 
Fruits of the “China Volga” apple tree in the photo
Chinese Volga No. 1 (Ranetka)
The most common variety in the middle zone is Kitayki, found in all gardens of the region.
The trees develop strongly, forming an oval-round, somewhat spreading crown. They are characterized by high winter hardiness and good annual yield. They begin to bear fruit at the age of 3-4.
The fruits are medium-sized (for Chinese), round or oval, with a yellow skin covered almost over the entire surface with a blurred blush, with a non-falling calyx. The pulp is dense, juicy, with a sour taste. They are going for technical processing. Cold processing produces the best seeds for rootstocks.
This variety of autumn apple trees for the middle zone is the best representative of the group of Volga Chinese trees, similar to it in morphological and biological characteristics.
Apple tree variety “Russian Rosemary” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Russian Rosemary” in the photo
Russian rosemary
The trees are highly developed, with a medium-dense oval-rounded crown. Winter hardiness is average. Productivity is good. Fruiting - from the 6th-7th year. Flowering - in the middle period. Flowers are frost resistant
The fruits are large (average weight 120 -150 g), round or oval-round, smooth, light yellow, with a slight blush on the sunny side. The pulp is juicy, medium-dense, granular, with a weak aroma. The fruits of this one of the best varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region have a sweet and sour, slightly spicy taste.
The fruits are harvested in mid-September. They remain stored for 2-2.5 months. Transportation is handled well. The best dessert variety. Recommended for production testing.
Spartacus. The tree is vigorous with a wide pyramidal crown. Highly winter-hardy and productive: in the 3rd year of fruiting, 15 kg per tree was obtained. The fruits are large, reaching a weight of 200 g with an average weight of 110-120 g, round or flat-round in shape, blunt-ribbed. The color is yellowish, with a pink-red striped blush. The pulp is cream-colored, juicy, medium density, excellent sweet-sour taste, aromatic. The fruits are harvested in the first half of September. Late autumn variety. Zoned in all zones.
Apple tree variety "Zhigulevskoe" in the photo
Zhigulevskoe
The tree is vigorous, winter-hardy and more productive. The fruits are very large, average weight 150, the largest - 250 g, flat-round in shape.
Look at the photo - this is one of the best varieties of apple trees, the main color of the skin is bright golden-yellow, the outer skin is bright carmine-red, blurry striped, sharply outlined and stands out in relief from the main background:
The Zhigulevskoe apple tree is vigorous, winter-hardy and more productive (photo) 
The color of the skin is bright golden yellow in the photo.
The pulp is creamy yellow, juicy, medium density, excellent sweet and sour taste. Harvesting maturity occurs in late August - early September, with a consumption period of September - November. Recommended for testing in all zones.
Apple tree variety “Kutuzovets” in the photo 
Fruits of the Kutuzovets apple tree in the photo
Kutuzovets
Trees of medium vigor, with a rounded, medium-dense crown. Their winter hardiness is high. The variety is typically winter, productive, with a weakly expressed periodicity of fruiting. The main harvest is located mainly on ringlets. The yield of the mother tree in the second year of fruiting was 10 kg, and in the next 2-4 years - up to 20 kg.
Flowering occurs in the middle period and coincides with Gray Anise, Bergamot Renet and Borovinka. The flowers of this variety of apple trees for central Russia are relatively resistant to frost.
The fruits adhere firmly to the branches and are more resistant to scab and codling moths than Skryzhapel. They are also more resistant to putrefactive diseases both in the garden and during winter storage compared to other varieties. The fruits are of medium or above-average size, average weight 100-110 g, covered with a striped merging blush along the main yellow field, with numerous rather large subcutaneous dots, giving the fruits a kind of “marbling”.
The pulp is whitish, dense, juicy, fine-grained, sweet-sour, with a weakly expressed spice of excellent taste (higher than that of Skryzhapel). Removable fruit maturity is at the end of September. They ripen well in storage in November - December, acquiring by this time their characteristic qualities. They can be kept in storage until spring.
Apple tree variety “Volga saffron” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Volga saffron” in the photo
Volga saffron
Bred by S.P. Kedrin in 1935 by crossing Antonovka saffron with Pepin London. The tree is medium-sized. The winter hardiness of the variety is high, no lower than that of standard varieties - anise and Borovinka. Productivity is good, annual.
The fruits are medium-sized, with an average weight of about 100 g, and the largest one is about 130 g, flat-round, with noticeable ribbing and tubercles at the calyx, like those of calvilles. Their basic yellow color is blurred by a bright speckled-striped blush with prominent strokes, which gives them an attractive appearance. This is one of the best varieties of apple trees for central Russia with creamy-yellow, juicy, dense, not coarse pulp, sweet and sour, excellent taste.
The fruits are harvested in the first half of September. Keeping quality is longer than that of Antonovka and anise.
The best summer varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region and the middle zone
Apple tree variety “Grushovka Moskovskaya” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Grushovka Moskovskaya” in the photo
Moscow Grushovka (Skorospelka)
An ancient Russian variety, widespread everywhere.
The trees reach large sizes, form an elongated oval crown with strong and thick main branches of medium density, covered with long light green leaves. Frost resistance is high, productive and durable. The variety is early-bearing - begins to bear fruit from the 5th-6th year with a rapid increase in yield; at the age of full fruiting (20-50 years), harvests of 200-250 kg per tree per year are not uncommon. Flowering early.
The fruits are small, flat-conical, with thin shiny skin covered with pink-red stripes. The pulp of this one of the best summer varieties of apple trees for the middle zone is yellow-white, juicy, soft, with a pleasant sweet and sour taste. The fruits begin to ripen in early August. Their ripening is uneven.
Eat fruits in 2-3 doses to avoid shedding.
Not suitable for long-distance transport. Can be stored for 1-1.5 months. Consumption - fresh and for technical processing.
Apple tree variety “Pouring White” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Pouring white” in the photo
Pouring white (Pudovshchina, Dolgostebelka)
The trees are of moderate height, forming a spherical, medium-dense crown with light green foliage. The variety is winter-hardy and productive, especially on strong soils. Severely affected by scab, especially in low places. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th-6th year. Flowering is mid-early.
The fruits of this summer variety of apple trees, recommended for the Moscow region, are of medium or below average size, round-conical in shape, light yellow. The pulp is white, fine-grained, sweet and sour taste. Ripen in the second half of August. The fruits last for about a month, but quickly deteriorate in taste. Transportation is not tolerated well. They are consumed fresh and can also be used for technical processing.
Apple tree variety “Alabaster” in the photo 
Fruits of the “Alabaster” apple tree in the photo
Alabaster (Paper)
The spread is small. The trees are vigorous, with an oval-rounded crown, covered with light green leaves. Winter hardiness is average. It is more resistant to scab than Nalyva white. Productivity is good, almost annual. The variety is early fruiting, early summer. Bears fruit from 4-5 years. Blooms in mid-season.
The fruits are medium-sized (about 80 g), round-conical or oval, with wide ribs, on one of which there is a seam (the fold is the main distinguishing feature), light yellow, with a bloom and green subcutaneous dots. The pulp is white, juicy, with an excellent tartine-sweet taste.
The fruits are eaten in early August. Consumption - fresh. They last for about a month. This is one of those varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region that are recommended to be grown for quick consumption, since the fruits are not transportable. A good dessert variety.
Apple tree variety “Malt Bagaevsky” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Malt Bagaevsky” in the photo
Malt bagayevsky
The trees are vigorous, with a wide-spreading, medium-dense crown. Their winter hardiness is good, not lower than Scarlet Anise and other winter-hardy varieties. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 6-7 years. The yield is high: during the period of full fruiting it produces an average of about 80 kg per tree, and from individual trees - 150-200 kg or more.
The fruits are medium in size, but larger than Scarlet Anise, flat-rounded, with white skin covered with a bright crimson-red blush and a light bloom, very beautiful.
The pulp is juicy, tender, white, with a good sweet and sour taste. Fruit ripening is in mid-August. They tolerate transportation well. They last for about 40 days. Consumed fresh.
Below we describe what other varieties of apple trees are best to plant for the summer harvest.
Apple tree variety “Chinese golden early” in the photo 
Fruits of the “Chinese golden early” apple tree in the photo
Chinese golden early
Trees of medium development, with a pyramidal crown. They are characterized by high winter hardiness. The variety is early summer and early fruiting. You begin to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year. Productivity increases quickly. At the time of full fruiting it produces average or good yields. This summer variety of apple trees blooms early in the middle zone. The fruits are small (average weight 30-40 g), round, golden yellow. Often poured. The taste is sweet and pleasant.
The fruits are eaten at the end of July - beginning of August. They last for 2-3 weeks. Consumed fresh and for technical processing.
Apple tree variety “Turnip Kopylova” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Turnip Kopylova” in the photo
Turnip Kopylova(Red turnip). Trees of moderate growth, with long main branches forming a broom-shaped crown, spreading out in old age (they need supports). Winter hardiness is average. It is quite resistant to scab. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years. Productivity is average or good, almost annual. Flowering early.
The fruits are medium-sized, onion-shaped, with a thick dark purple continuous blush and a bluish coating, through which blurry white subcutaneous dots are visible. The pulp is greenish-white, juicy, with a mediocre sweet-sour (fresh) taste.
The fruits are harvested in mid-August. They last for about 20 days. Not transportable. Consumed fresh.
Apple tree variety "Arkad sugar" in the photo
Arkad sugar (smoky)
Slightly widespread. The trees are vigorous, form an oval-rounded crown with strong main branches.
Resistant to frost. Productivity is average. It begins to bear fruit from the 6th-7th year.
Look at the photo - this variety of apple trees for central Russia has fruits below average size, round-conical or round-cylindrical, yellow-green with an orange-reddish tan:
Fruits of the Arkad sugar apple tree in the photo 
Fruits are round-conical or round-cylindrical in the photo
The pulp is whitish, loose, juicy, with a sweet honey taste.
Eating fruits - at the end of July - beginning of August; but the fruits become suitable for consumption long before ripening. Can be stored for about 3 weeks. Not transportable. Fresh consumption.
Apple tree variety “Daughter of Papirovka” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Papirovka’s Daughter” in the photo
Daughter of Papirovka (Naliv Volzhsky)
The tree is medium-sized. Winter hardiness is no lower than that of local standard anise varieties and others. Productivity is good, annual. The mother tree produces about 15 kg of fruit in the 3rd year of fruiting.
The fruits are of medium size, the size of Alabaster, with an average weight of about 80 g, round or flat-round in shape, weak wide ribbing, sometimes with a “seam”, like that of Alabaster. The color of the skin is greenish-yellow, with a golden tan and noticeable large subcutaneous dots.
The pulp is creamy, tender, juicy, sweet and sour, excellent taste. Ripening in the first half of August. This is one of the best varieties of summer apple trees recommended for the Moscow region, resistant to scab.
For the middle zone, the apple is the most common fruit. Different varieties of apple trees can be seen in every garden. Fruits have a pleasant sweet or sweet-sour taste, contain a wide range of healthy substances and, most importantly, are available to the general population. For beekeepers, various types of apple trees are of particular value - they are among the very first honey plants, and the abundance of their flowering is a decisive factor in the first harvest.
All varieties of apples are divided into 3 main categories according to ripening periods: summer, autumn and winter. Each group of plants has its own distinctive characteristics, and their fruits have different shelf life and quality indicators. This allows professional gardeners and amateurs to obtain marketable products with a variety of properties in one garden, and to do this throughout the entire summer-autumn season.
Summer apple varieties: description and photo
Apples from this category ripen first - in July-August, are a valuable source of vitamins and microelements, are very juicy and contain a lot of sugars. The main disadvantage is poor keeping quality. That is why these apples are intended to be eaten fresh or juiced.
It is the most widespread and beloved among early varieties in the post-Soviet space. It is often confused with Papirovka, which was obtained from White filling by Baltic breeders.
An adult apple tree has an average height (4-5 m) and a pyramidal crown. Over the years it tends to grow in breadth. It is characterized by high winter hardiness, good fruiting shows in the 5th year. A characteristic feature is large white or pinkish-tinged flowers.
The fruits have a low shelf life - 2-3 weeks, so they are poorly transported. The pulp is loose, tender, coarse-grained; when overripe, apples quickly become unusable. The ripening period is early August, apples are one of the first to appear on the market. 
It belongs to early selection varieties and is characterized by good winter hardiness, as well as resistance to diseases and pests. Flower buds are also resistant to cold weather. The height of an adult tree does not exceed 4-5 m, and the crown is round-oval and lush.
The first fruits can be eaten in early August, although they retain marketable quality for only 2-3 weeks. The taste of apples is sweet and sour, and the fruits themselves have a conical shape with characteristic wide ribs. The color is greenish-yellow, without blush. Due to their loose, juicy pulp, they are highly traumatic and difficult to transport.
The main advantages of Papirovka are early fruiting and ripening, and the disadvantages are poor transportability, periodicity of fruiting, and the lack of integumentary coloring in apples. 
The homeland of apple trees of this variety is Canada, however, due to the similarity of climatic conditions, it has taken root well in the middle zone. It has average winter hardiness and begins to actively bear fruit in the 5th-6th season. The tree has a rounded crown and medium height.
Melba fruits are medium to large in size, wider at the base. They have a cover color - a red striped blush. The taste of apples is sweet and sour, with a candy aftertaste and very juicy pulp. They ripen by the end of summer, are stored for only a month, but the transportability indicators are not bad.
The main advantages of Melba are high yields and early fruiting, disadvantages are susceptibility to scab and periodic fruiting. 
The apple tree is distinguished by its short stature and flat-rounded crown. The period of active fruiting begins from the 3-4th season, and the main advantage is that early sweets do not take breaks. The ripening period is earlier than that of Papirovka, by about 10 days.
The apples are round or flat-round, with a slightly yellowish color. The pulp is white, mostly sweet in taste. Transports well, although resistance to injury is low.
The main advantages of Early Sweet are good disease resistance, adaptation to temperature changes, lack of periodicity in active fruiting, and excellent yield indicators. 
The variety is widespread in the Central, Northern, Ural and a number of other regions. Apple trees are distinguished by their tall growth, wide pyramidal (in young trees) or spherical (in mature trees) crown.
Moscow pear bears fruit every year by the beginning of August, but the fruits have poor transportability. The apples are small, light white in color, with juicy, sweet and sour flesh. The consumer period lasts 2-3 weeks. Due to uneven ripening, fruits may fall off.
The advantages of the variety are the early period of fruit ripening, excellent yield characteristics, and resistance to low temperatures. The main disadvantages are the non-simultaneous ripening of fruits, their small size and unmarketable appearance. 
This variety is also of Canadian origin and is distinguished by the average size of mature trees. The crown is quite sparse, oval in shape, with strong skeletal branches that point upward.
Mantet begins to actively bear fruit in the 4-5 season and bears fruit by the beginning of August. The fruits are medium in size, have a rounded-oblong shape with a basic yellowish and red outer color. The taste of apples is sweet, with a slight sourness; the variety belongs to the dessert variety. The pulp is juicy and white.
The main advantages of Mantet are the dessert taste of apples and early (late July) ripening. With average winter hardiness, the variety is susceptible to scab, and the yield decreases with age. If the harvest is good, the fruits become small and lose their presentation. 
The variety’s homeland is the Baltic countries, but today Malinovka grows throughout central Russia. Mature trees are distinguished by medium height, a spherical dense crown, and dark-colored raised branches.
Seedlings begin to bear fruit in the 6-8th season; at a young age they bear fruit annually; as they grow older, periodicity is observed. The fruits are large and medium-sized, most often conical and flattened, with clearly visible ribbing. The main color is straw-yellow or greenish-yellow, the outer color is a pink blush with bright red stripes. The pulp is sweet and sour, white or with pinkish veins.
The advantages of the variety include excellent presentation and dessert taste. Disadvantages: poor winter hardiness, low yield, poor transportability. 
Description of autumn apple varieties
Autumn varieties are characterized by later ripening (September) and better performance during storage and transportation. They can already maintain their quality characteristics until mid-winter (depending on the characteristics of the variety).
This variety is also known as Streifel or Streifling. The trees have a slightly drooping flat-spherical powerful crown. They have increased requirements for humidity and can freeze slightly if the summer was dry. However, they have good recovery abilities.
Trees enter the period of active fruiting in the 7-8 season, and the highest yields show another 4 years later. The large, blunt-conical fruits have a shallow funnel and striped blush on a light yellow background. The pulp is coarse-grained, slightly pinkish, with good taste.
Advantages of the variety: good presentation and average transportability, high yield. Disadvantages: late fruiting, demanding on moisture. 
A variety of folk selection, one of the oldest types of autumn apples. Tall trees have a broom-shaped or broad-pyramidal crown, which in mature trees turns into hanging branches. The variety is characterized by average yields and a late period of fruiting.
The fruits are small or medium-sized, have a turnip-like, flattened shape, with small lobes or no ribs at all. The yellow or greenish base color is covered with dark red stripes and specks. The pulp is sour-sweet with a faint cinnamon aroma, has a dense and delicate structure, sometimes with pink veins.
The advantages of the variety include high marketability of fruits and excellent winter hardiness. Disadvantages: late start of the fruiting period, average yield, possible damage to the trunk during high yields (rupture due to branches being at an acute angle). 
The variety is also known under the names Red Anise, Velvet Anise, Morocco Anise. The variety’s homeland is the Volga region, where it is still one of the most widespread today. Tall, vigorous trees have a wide pyramidal crown when young. Later it acquires a spherical shape and thins out. The first period of active fruiting occurs in the 4th-5th season; the trees bear fruit annually. however, with age, periodicity appears.
The fruits are medium or slightly smaller in size, turnip-shaped or flattened in shape, with a dark red blush uniform over almost the entire surface. The taste of apples is sweet and sour, with a strong aroma, the flesh is juicy, fine-grained, white.
The advantages of the variety include high yield and environmental adaptability, good taste and transportability, and excellent presentation. Disadvantages: frequency of fruiting in mature trees, susceptibility to powdery mildew, average fruit size. 
Also refers to varieties of folk selection. It is widespread in the southern and central regions of the country. Even an adult tree has an average height and a rounded crown with sparse main branches. The fruiting period begins in the 5-6th season, and every year the yield increases: in 10 years - 60-80 kg, in 25-30 - 150-200 kg.
The fruits are medium and large, with a regular, almost chiseled shape. Against the background of the main yellowish or light green color, they are covered with striped blush almost everywhere. The taste is sweet and sour, with pronounced sourness. The pulp is dense, juicy, slightly rough.
The main advantages of the variety: high yield and winter hardiness, good adaptability to environmental conditions, excellent presentation, early fruiting period. Disadvantages: demands on moisture, mediocre taste of apples, frequency of fruiting that occurs with age. 
Belongs to late autumn varieties, common in the central regions of Russia. The seedlings are fast-growing and form a loose, wide-pyramidal or highly rounded crown. The fruiting period begins in the 5th-6th season; even in adulthood, trees rarely rest; periodicity does not always occur.
The fruits are large, flat-round or regular round in shape, rarely have wide ribs, sometimes there are tubercles. The main color is yellowish, with a brightly striped blush, sometimes covering the entire surface. The taste is sweet and sour, the flesh is tender and coarse-grained.
The main advantages include: high yields and marketability of apples, early fruiting, and the ability to be used for intensive cultivation. Disadvantages: average resistance to frost. 
It is a hybrid obtained as a result of selection (varieties Welsey and Cinnamon Striped). Widely distributed in the central regions of the middle zone. Mature trees grow tall and have a round, dense crown. The period of main fruiting begins already in the 4th-5th season and continues annually. The variety is characterized by high productivity: a 20-year-old tree produces up to 150 kg of beautiful apples.
The fruits are slightly conical, medium in size, have a golden-green base color, covered with a solid bright red blush. The sweet and sour pulp with a spicy aroma and medium density is distinguished by its juiciness and delicate taste.
Advantages: high yield and winter hardiness, lack of frequency in fruiting, resistance to scab, excellent marketability of apples. Disadvantages: skeletal branches grow at an acute angle to the trunk, which can lead to injury, weak branching of seedlings. 
Winter types of apples
A professional gardener will always have winter varieties of apple trees in his garden. After all, these varieties, despite the late ripening period (October), are distinguished by excellent winter hardiness, excellent shelf life of fruits (almost until spring) and good yields. However, such indicators are not easily achieved - winter varieties require careful soil care, timely application of fertilizers, minimal pruning and other “energy-saving” agricultural practices.
The variety is the result of selection by an outstanding Ukrainian gardener and is widely distributed in the southern regions of Russia and Ukraine. The tree is of medium height and has a spreading, wide-rounded crown with dense branches. Full fruiting occurs in 5-6 years and occurs annually in young trees.
The fruits are medium and large, have a flat-round or round-conical shape, slightly asymmetrical. The surface is smooth and even, light or bright green. The presence of warty formations (up to 2-3 pieces) measuring about 7 mm is the main feature of the variety. The taste is wine-sweet, with a spicy aftertaste, the juicy pulp has a delicate structure.
The main advantages of Renet Simirenko: long shelf life of apples, high yields, good resistance to drought and winds, excellent marketability of apples. Disadvantages: poor resistance to cold, susceptibility to diseases, periodicity in fruiting. 
Refers to early winter varieties of folk selection. A tall tree with an oval or spherical (with age) crown. It is distinguished by a late period of fruiting - in the 7-8 season, with subsequent periodicity. It has high productivity: 200 c/ha. In some trees the yield reached 0.5 and even 1 ton.
The fruits are large or medium-sized, of different shapes: from round and flattened-round to conical. The color is greenish-yellow; during storage it turns yellow with a faint, uneven blush. The taste is sweet and sour (closer to sour), the flesh is juicy and dense with a yellowish tint.
The main advantages of Antonovka vulgaris: good adaptation to low temperatures, rich harvests, excellent marketability of apples, the ability to be used in any form. Disadvantages: frequency of fruiting, deterioration of taste during long-term storage. 
It is the result of selection by crossing the Antonovka and Welsey varieties. Distributed in central Russia. The tall tree has a wide spreading dense crown. The seedlings bring full-fledged abundant harvests already in the 6-7th season. In subsequent years, yields increase rapidly.
The fruits are large and have a regular flattened-round shape. The main greenish-yellow color has a diffuse dark red cover. The taste is sweet and sour with a spicy aftertaste. The pulp is juicy, has medium density and light green color.
Advantages: excellent winter hardiness and productivity, disease resistance, high marketable quality of apples, good shelf life (until April). 
The result of selection based on Antonovka vulgaris and Renet of Landsberg. The vigorous tree has a spreading, sparse crown. Full harvests can be obtained from the 6th-7th season almost without interruption.
The fruits are medium and large, have a round-oval shape, with clearly visible ribs. The main color is yellow (for unripe apples it is greenish), with a bright red blush on top. The taste is pleasant (sweet and sour), the flesh is dense and white.
Advantages: excellent yield, disease resistance, good adaptation to low temperatures, excellent shelf life (257 days). Disadvantages: average external marketability indicators for apples. 
The variety was obtained by sowing seeds of the King variety with open pollination in 1961. The trees are not very tall in height, and the crown is formed in the form of a ball with medium density of branches. Active fruiting is observed from the 4th-5th season, the average yield is up to 80 kg, with a constant increase (reaches 220 c/ha).
The fruits are medium-sized, slightly flattened, with smooth shiny skin. The main color is yellowish-green to golden-orange with a coating of speckles and stripes of orange-pink. Apples have a delicate sweet and sour taste, and the flesh is dense and juicy.
Advantages: high yields, early fruiting, excellent marketable quality of apples, immunity to diseases, possibility of intensive cultivation. Disadvantages: the condition of good moisture supply (if there is a deficiency, premature shedding of foliage is possible). 
All species diversity of different varieties can be classified according to several other characteristics:
- Depending on height: vigorous (Gift to the Count, Arkadik, Cinnamon Striped), medium-sized (Jonathan, Renet Simirenko, Melrose), low-growing or dwarf (Chudnoe, Prizemlennoe, Sokolovskoe);
- According to crown shape: spreading (Izanninitsa, Zelenka juicy, Yantar), columnar (Gin, Barguzin, Arbat), weeping (Royal Beauty, Weeping);
- At the beginning of the fruiting period: early-fertile (Beforest, Papirovka, Stark Erliest), mid-fertile (Aport Alexander, Tambovskoe, Kutuzovets), late-fertile (Babushkino, Streifling);
- By fruit size: small-fruited (Dolgo, Kitayka Saninskaya, Ranetka purpurovaya), medium-fruited (Aborigen, Loiko, Pavlusha), large-fruited (Zaryanka, Persianka, Oryol Polesye), very large-fruited (Apple Spas, Voskovoe, Borovinka, Kandil sinap).
To get stable yields of tasty and beautiful apples, as well as provide good food for the bees, choose zoned varieties that have already adapted to your area and show good yields in a short time.
