How to adjust the automation on the water pump. Correct adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump

The water supply system in a private house includes, in addition to submersible pump, a system for maintaining the required pressure in the water supply system, which means a constant pressure. It consists of a hydropneumatic accumulator and a pressure switch (hydrofor). The main purpose of the hydrophore is to control the on and off of the pump in automatic mode.

This process occurs due to the contact group, which closes or opens when the pressure set in the settings (minimum or maximum readings) is reached. Store-sold relays pressure have factory settings of the upper value, which is responsible for turning off the pressure pump and the lower value, which is responsible for turning it on. Factory settings do not exceed 3 bar to turn off and 1.8 bar to turn on the pump.

Hydrophore device (pressure switch)

The pressure switch is an electromechanical device. A metal plate is placed in a plastic case, on which two studs with springs and nuts are mounted to regulate the maximum and minimum values, a contact group.

On the lower side of the relay there are two cable channels with crimp sleeves and a connecting flange to the water supply system. The terminal group has three rows of clamps. The first is to connect the power. Second to connect the pump. And the third is grounding.

The principle of operation of the hydrophore

The water coming from the submersible pump presses on the membrane. With a decrease in the volume of air in the chamber, its pressure increases and due to this the piston moves, setting the group of contacts in motion.

The group of contacts is hinged. Depending on the impact, it is either closed or open.

To balance the difference in loads, the group of contacts is equipped with a spring and an adjusting nut.

When the faucet is opened, the volume of water decreases, and, accordingly, the pressure. The spring, overcoming the decreasing load, closes the group of contacts, thereby connecting the pump to the working state.

By pumping water, the pressure gradually increases. Air presses on the rod of the second spring. The contact group opens and the pump is switched off.

Pressure switch regulation

When equipping a house with plumbing more often buy a ready-made kit pumping station. This kit includes:

hydropneumatic accumulator;
pressure switch;
manometer.

And all this is assembled on one platform and has compact dimensions.

To increase the service life pumping station or in case of some malfunction of the relay, it is necessary to adjust the parameters for specific volumes of water consumption in the house. To do this, you need to have an idea about the device and the principle of operation of individual units.

The device and principle of operation of the hydropneumatic accumulator

Hydropneumatic accumulator - a container designed to accumulate water. The sealed tank is of two welded halves and has a different volume. A rubber membrane (pear) is fixed inside the tank by means of a flange. Due to this, the accumulator is divided into two parts.

To create the required load, air is pumped from the back of the tank through a valve. The valve device is similar to an automobile nipple, so air can be pumped using a pump designed to inflate wheels.

The pear receives water from the pump. Due to the opposition of air in the water supply, a constant pressure of water is maintained. Air pressure must be optimal. A lower value provokes excessive stretching of the membrane and, as a result, a reduced service life. this leads to a malfunction - a breakthrough of the rubber web. And an increased value leads to a decrease in the volume of accumulated water and, as a result, frequent operation of the pump, which negatively affects its service life.

Adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station

At enterprises that assemble pumping stations, close attention is paid to adjusting the hydrophore. Setting the optimal modes is the key to long-term, trouble-free operation of all components of the station. But you can set your own values \u200b\u200band manually configure it to trigger a group of contacts.

Before starting the adjustment, it is required to check the pressure in the hydropneumatic accumulator. To do this, take a car pressure gauge that controls tire pressure. By unscrewing the valve cap, the air pressure in the tank is measured.

lower threshold (to turn on the pump) - 1.5-1.7 bar;
upper threshold (to turn off the pump) - 2.5-2.8 bar.

Pressure readings more familiar to Russian consumers are indicated in kgf / cm2. And most domestic-made pressure gauges have this scale. From here:

lower threshold - 1.53-1.73 kgf / cm2;
the upper threshold is 2.55-2.85 kgf / cm2.

There is also another option for deposition. With an increase in the readings on the pressure gauge, at which the pump turns off, it indicates insufficient air pressure. Its indicator must exceed 90% of the lower value. That is, with a value of 1.5 kgf / cm2, the air pressure should not exceed 1.35 kgf / cm2.

After the pressure in the accumulator is adjusted, we proceed to adjust the relay directly. The instructions that come with the kit say that fine adjustment can be made by turning the nuts responsible for compressing the springs.

Adjustment process

Setting up the pressure switch of the pumping station with your own hands is done with the cover removed. In order to remove it, unscrew the decorative plastic nut. After that, two springs with washers and nuts appear before my eyes.

Spring and nut bigger size are responsible for monitoring the lower minimum pressure (rpm) in the water supply. When it decreases, the contacts close, and the automatic power supply is activated. The pump is energized and turns on.

To increase the pressure values, it is required to tighten the nut, i.e. rotate clockwise. To reduce the threshold of the nut should be rotated counterclockwise.

The smaller spring and nut are responsible for controlling the upper maximum water pressure in the water supply system, at which the pressure pump is turned off. They also adjust the pressure difference. Optimal value a difference of 1.4 atmospheres is considered. A lower value will allow you to achieve a uniform supply of water, but at the same time increase the number of pump starts.

An increased value, more gentle, applies to the pump, but increases the pressure of the jet, and therefore increases the load on the rubber membrane. Increasing the compression of the small spring increases the difference between the upper and lower pressure values.

It is worth paying attention to the small diameter spring. It is quite sensitive, which means that the adjusting nut should be rotated by hand carefully at a slight angle.

How to adjust the pressure switch of the pumping station during the initial setup

Opening the lid of the hydrophore you can see the following picture. The adjusting springs are loose and the nuts are not tightened. In this case, you will have to do the configuration from scratch, with your own hands. The work sequence looks like this:

upper threshold - 2.8 kgf / cm2.

A pressure gauge with the appropriate parameters is installed at the pumping station to regulate and control pressure. Set with a maximum value of 50 kgf / cm2, it is very difficult to catch a reading of 1.5.

It is possible to set individual parameters other than those recommended by the manufacturer. The setting is made from the minimum value. However, the characteristics of the pump must be taken into account. If it is not designed to lift water above 30 m, then setting the upper value to more than 3.5 kgf / cm2 does not make any sense. It won't give you the power you need..

For increased pressure, plumbing and plumbing are required, designed for increased parameter values. Models designed for normal pressure cannot withstand the load.

Terms and notation

The lower threshold responsible for the inclusion - P on;

The upper threshold responsible for turning off - P out;

Value difference - ΔР;

Maximum possible installation parameter when adjusting Р max = 5 kgf/cm2.

The control system of a water pumping station includes several elements, among which the relay occupies an important place. It is responsible for automatic switch on, as well as turning off the pump according to pre-set parameters. The consumer buys equipment with manufacturer-adjusted settings.

During its operation, it may be necessary to adjust the pressure switch of the pumping station - you can do it yourself. This is the subject of our article.

What does it look like

Before adjusting the relay on their own examine his device. The water pressure switch for the pumping station has a compact design, which consists of a metal base and a cover made of plastic. On top of the base platform there is a contact group consisting of a terminal block, as well as two regulators. The pressure regulator for the pumping station is a spring that is pressed by a nut.

By pressing the spring nut, you can adjust the pressure in the system at which the pump turns on or off. The cover is attached to a screw on which a large spring is located. At the bottom of the base is a piston and a membrane. Pressure switch for different models equipment may differ in shape, size or location of elements, but at the same time they retain the design described by us.

How Relay Adjustment Works

How does the pressure switch for the pump unit work:

The water pumped by the pump presses on the membrane, that on the piston, and it on the base of the relay of the pumping station.
220 watts of voltage passes through the contacts. The location of the platform depends on whether the contacts open or close, and this will turn the pump on or off.
Spring adjusters balance piston action.

As the consumer uses water, its amount in the system decreases, and the water pressure in the hydraulic tank drops. As a result, the spring manages to overpower the piston. The movement of the platform made at the same time provokes the closure of the contacts, which leads to the start of the pumping unit.
The pump pumps water to fill the system. An increase in the volume of water causes the air in the hydraulic tank to act on the piston, which overcomes the resistance of the spring and slowly shifts the platform.
The amount of displacement depends on the compression of the smaller spring. As soon as the platform reaches a predetermined level, the contacts will open and the pump will turn off.

Now we can conclude how to set up a pumping station. By compressing a large spring, you can adjust the value of the lower pressure in the pumping station, at which the pump will turn on. Accordingly, the upper pressure in the system is regulated by the compression of a small spring. The difference between the opening and closing values depends on the small spring regulator.

VIDEO: Reasons for job failure

The value of the hydraulic tank (hydroaccumulator)

You can correctly configure the pumping station only by adjusting the hydraulic tank. The set parameters determine how long the pumping station will serve you, as well as what the water pressure will be. A hydraulic tank, which is also called a hydraulic accumulator (GA), is a sealed container with parts. One part (rubber bulb) is designed to receive fluid from a running pump. The other part is around the pear. There is air in there.

Under the action of air, a pear with water is compressed and, thereby, water pressure is provided in the water pipes of the house. It is thanks to this HA device that when the consumer opens the tap, the water flows under pressure without the pump running. Therefore, it is very important to correctly adjust the pumping station.

Proper adjustment of the air pressure in the HA helps to extend the life of the water unit. A value that is too high causes the pump to start frequently. This mode of operation leads to rapid wear of the equipment. An underestimated value negatively affects the operation of the pear. It will overstretch.

VIDEO: What pressure to pump into the accumulator

How to set up a hydraulic tank

You can adjust the GA of the pumping station with your own hands. We offer guidance:

Open the bottom faucet and wait for all the water to flow out.
We check the pressure in the GA. For this, a car pressure gauge is best suited (it is desirable that it has been previously tested). An ordinary automobile spool is placed on the GA, which is closed with a cap.

Experts believe that for a hydraulic tank with a volume of 20-25 liters, the optimal value is 1.4-1.7 bar, and 50-100 liters - 1.7-1.9 bar.

How to adjust the pressure? If the value is less than the optimal one, then pump it up, and if it is more, you bleed it. It is advisable to carry out such manipulation every month. Sometimes there is an air leak. It is very important that the pear is not left empty for a long time. She will fall into disrepair.

Procedure

How to set up a pumping station pressure switch? After you have adjusted the GA, you can set the pressure switch for the water unit.

Adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station begins with measurements of the current indicators of its operation. This stage is carried out according to the following algorithm:

Open the bottom tap so that water flows out of the system.
We fix the upper value. It is necessary to turn on the pump so that it pumps water into the system. When it turns on, we record the pressure gauge reading.
We mark the lower value. We open the far faucet of the system to release some water and provoke the pump to turn on. We write down the value of the pressure gauge when the device is started.
We calculate the current difference between the pressure gauge readings.

In addition to fixing the values, visually evaluate the water pressure. Fully open the valve farthest from the pump. If you want to increase the water pressure, then you need to tighten the large spring regulator harder. Loosening the nut has the opposite effect. Be sure to unplug the equipment first.

Do-it-yourself adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station

How to adjust the pressure switch? The optimal value for the difference in readings is 1.4 bar. If you have a lower value, then the pump starts more often. This ensures a very uniform water supply. But this mode leads to too rapid wear of the equipment.

When the value of the difference exceeds the recommended one, the pump operates in a gentle mode - it starts less often than provided by the manufacturer. The consumer will observe quite noticeable drops in water pressure. The pump station will need to be adjusted. How to set the pressure switch of the pumping station to the desired value of this parameter?

The pressing force of the small spring adjuster. Turn the nut very carefully. A small spring is more sensitive than a large one. In order to increase the value of the difference, the spring must be compressed more. Accordingly, the weakening of the spring regulator leads to the opposite effect.

After you have completed the pressure adjustment yourself, according to the algorithm we proposed, be sure to check the new indicators. Perform again in the same sequence all the steps described above. If the setting of the pressure switch of the pumping station did not suit you, then repeat everything again until you are satisfied with the result. We wish you success!

VIDEO: Pressure switch adjustment procedure

You may encounter a situation where the settings are lost or the pressure switch is out of order. This is easy to see: either the pressure in the water supply has decreased, or the pumping station does not turn on at a given lower pressure limit.

The mechanical pressure switch automates the operation of the pumping station by controlling the on/off of the pump to maintain a stable water pressure in the pipeline. Standard settings are set at the factory: cut-off pressure 2.5 - 3.0 atm., turn-on pressure - 1.5 - 1.8 atmospheres (depending on the manufacturer). If there are problems with the water pressure in the house, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to setting the pressure switch, since there is a direct relationship between the setting of the relay, the volume of the accumulator and the pressure.

Setting the pressure switch begins with checking the compressed air pressure in the accumulator. In this case, the pumping station should be disconnected from the network and the accumulator tank should be empty. To do this, unscrew the side cap on the tank (see the figure - red arrow) and use a conventional car pump with a pressure gauge to check the pressure. It should be about 1.5 atm. If the measured value is less, the pressure must be raised by the pump to the required level. It should be noted that the air in the tank must always be under pressure, and during the operation of the pumping station it must be checked from time to time and pumped up if necessary, which will increase the life of the accumulator membrane.

If, after adjusting the pressure in the accumulator, the pumping station does not begin to operate normally, it is necessary to start setting up the pressure switch itself. When doing this, remember that the pump cut-off pressure (upper setting) must not exceed the pressure that the pump is capable of developing!

Setting the pressure switch RDM-5 pumping station

The RDM-5 pressure switch is adjusted in a working system under pressure. To do this, we turn on the pumping station in the network and let the pump raise the pressure in the system, after which the relay will work and the engine will turn off.

Remove the relay cover and completely loosen the clamping nut of the smaller spring.
Set the required minimum pressure (turn on the pump). To do this, rotate the clamping nut of the larger spring (clockwise - increase the pressure and vice versa). Then we open the tap and let the water drain, while the pressure in the system decreases. We look when the pump turns on and, if the result is not satisfactory, we adjust further until we achieve the desired result ..
Adjust the pump shutdown pressure (upper limit). By rotating the clamping nut of the smaller spring, we set the required value of the upper pressure. We proceed as follows. We turn on the pump, wait for the relay to operate. If the value of the shutdown pressure does not suit you, drain the water, adjust the spring and repeat the process.

Thus, we set up a pressure switch.

Repair of the pressure switch of the pumping station (video)

What to wish if the relay is not configured? It's probably out of order. There are two ways to solve this problem: buying a new relay or repairing an existing one. In the first case, we advise you to look at modern and inexpensive pressure switches - pointer or digital.

For those who do not yet want, for one reason or another, to change an already obsolete relay, we recommend using the methods.

You will find a detailed repair procedure in this video:

It may need to be adjusted - adjust the on and off pressures. By default, the factory settings are set on it, you can specify them in the device passport, usually they are set something like this: turning on the pump at a pressure below 1.4-1.8 bar and turning it off at a pressure above 2.5-3 bar.

To adjust the pressure switch, you first need to know the desired settings for its operation. They must be determined at the stage of calculating the plumbing system and choosing a pump and accumulator. To adjust, you need to remove the relay housing.

Two springs are responsible for the adjustment:

The large one regulates the actuation pressure and is marked on the relay itself as P
The small one regulates the difference between the cut-in and cut-out pressures and is designated as ∆P

The adjusters are two nuts that set the amount of compression for each spring: turning the nut clockwise (tightening) compresses the spring and increases the value. To increase the switching pressure, you need to tighten the nut of the large spring, and to reduce it, loosen it. To increase the difference between the on and off pressures, you need to tighten the nuts of the small spring, and to reduce it, loosen it.

To control how much pressure is obtained as a result of the adjustment, a pressure gauge is used.

How to set up a pressure switch?

Open the faucet to start drinking water. The pressure gradually drops until the pump turns on. The pump start pressure can be measured using a manometer.
Close the tap and wait for the pump to turn off. The pressure switch will turn off the pump when the pressure reaches the maximum. This value can be determined using a manometer.
If it turned out that the switch-on pressure that is needed is not set in the relay settings, adjust it by turning the nut of the large spring. It is necessary to increase - twist, it is necessary to reduce - weaken. It is better not to turn the nut more than one turn at a time.
Repeat steps 1, 2 and 3 until installation desired pressure inclusions.
If it turns out that the cut-off pressure does not correspond to the desired one, then adjust it by turning the nut of the small spring. To increase the shut-off pressure - tighten the nut, to reduce - loosen.
Repeat steps 1, 2 and 5 until the desired cut-off pressure is set.

After completing the settings, put the relay housing back on.

The principle of operation of the pressure switch (pump control sensor)

The relay registers the water pressure in the system with a movable spring group. When the specified minimum pressure is reached, the contact closes, including pumping unit. When the maximum set pressure is reached, the contact opens and the pumping unit switches off. The pressure switches are equipped with adjustment mechanisms that allow you to adjust the pressure values, and they can additionally be equipped with a “dry” forced start button, equipment soft start pump, additional connectors instead of terminal groups for connecting the pump, operation indication, etc.

Place for pressure switch installation

It is recommended to install a pressure switch directly at the outlet to the accumulator, where pressure surges and flow turbulence are more leveled during pump start-up and operation. Also, for individual models, manufacturers limit the operating conditions for the microclimate, namely, the temperature is not lower than +4 degrees. and humidity not higher than 70%. Such relays must be installed in a heated room.

Before the pump control sensor (pressure switch) in the water supply system, the following must be installed:

Coarse water filter
Pump and pipelines
Inlet valve
Fine water filter
check valve
Drain to sewer

The installation option for the pressure switch in the water supply system at home is shown in the figure.

Modern models of pumps are equipped with special fittings for connecting a pressure switch, as well as built-in filters and check valve. Therefore, individual pressure switches can also be mounted directly in the pump unit. If the relay is made according to a moisture-proof scheme, then it can be installed with a pump and in a caisson (pit) and even directly in the well. It all depends on the chosen model and the manufacturer's recommendations for temperature and humidity.

Definition of work parameters

Before selecting the pressure switch, the pumping unit and accumulator must already be selected, and the operating parameters of the network must be determined:
- the maximum pressure in the system at which the pump will turn off;
- the minimum pressure at which the pump will turn on;
- pressure in the air chamber of the accumulator.

Please note that the minimum operating pressure in the water supply system must be 0.2 atm more than the pressure in the air chamber of the accumulator. Otherwise, increased wear of the elastic membrane is possible.

Please note that the relay can be:
- power, - including power contacts to the pumping unit;
- manager, - issuing a signal to the power control unit.

Check the allowable switching power of the relay. And how does this value relate to the selected pumping unit.

Design features and pressure setting

The pressure switch of a simple design is a small device that is equipped with a fitting for connecting to water pipe and a terminal group for connecting electrical cables. Registration of pressure parameters is carried out using springs, the force of which is adjusted by threaded regulators.

The more the springs are compressed by the regulator, the more force they create, and the higher the pressure is needed to operate the relay (large spring), or the greater the pressure difference must be (small spring). Those. by tightening the springs we increase the values.

Typically, pressure switches designed for domestic use have factory spring settings that are fully suitable for living conditions applications and common models of pumps and hydraulic accumulators. For example, the minimum pressure is 1.5 atm. The maximum pressure is 3.0 atm.

However, due to some factors (considerations), sometimes it becomes necessary to adjust the pressure.

Pump pressure switch adjustment

Typically, relays are equipped with two springs with different diameters.
Spring with large diameter controls pressure levels.
Spring with a small diameter - determines the difference in levels.
By clamping a large spring, we increase the minimum and maximum pressure at the same time.
By clamping a small spring, we increase the superiority of the maximum pressure over the minimum.

The video shows the process of adjusting the pressure on the relay (somewhat confusing explanations about the purpose of the springs should not be misleading, and understanding the difference between the pressure gauge readings and the voiced results should be facilitated psychological stability observer)