Thermostat for bitumen boilers. Remote room thermostats for heating boilers. Prices for thermostats of different models

Thermal insulation is an important and responsible process with which you can make your home warm and save on heating costs. Walls, roofs, and pipes can be insulated. But for each case there is its own option, technological features which need to be taken into account when choosing them.

For external walls

External walls are an important element of every house, because they are entrusted with a load-bearing function and protection of the house from negative influence environment.

Mineral wool

This material is considered one of the most popular for insulating walls both outside and inside. It's connected with . Installation of wool is carried out without a preliminary layer of vapor barrier between plasterboard slabs.

On the picture- mineral wool for insulation

For external walls it is worth using mineral wool in roll format. And although the material is low cost, it is very effective in terms of heat retention, durability and strength. The disadvantage of mineral wool is its ability to “breathe”. does not carry any harm and is completely safe.

Expanded polystyrene

This material is not inferior in popularity to mineral wool and is actively used for external thermal insulation. The popularity of this material lies in its high thermal and performance data. You can read more about it in our article.

In the photo - polystyrene foam for wall insulation

The advantages of insulation include:

• low thermal conductivity;
• low steam and moisture throughput;
• ease of installation;
• light weight.

Polyurethane foam

This material for external insulation can be classified as universal. This is due to the fact that polyurethane foam has a cellular structure. The material can be used to insulate internal and external walls. The insulation has a thermal conductivity of 0.0125 W/mK. Polyurethane cells contain air or inert gas. They are hermetically sealed, due to which the material has excellent waterproofing capabilities.

The photo shows polyurethane foam for wall insulation

Foamed foil polyethylene

But what is the best insulation for facades under siding and how to choose it is described in this article:

But what kind of insulation for facade plaster is the most popular and how it is used will help you understand the information

Liquid ceramics

And although this insulation option is considered modern today, many developers are wary of it. Although the characteristics of the liquid heat insulator look impressive. Thermal conductivity is 0.01 W, and when the material dries, a single layer is formed that does not contain joints or crevices.

The photo shows liquid ceramics for insulating walls from the inside

The main advantage of liquid ceramics is that after its application there is no need to apply a finish. The resulting surface looks beautiful, thin and at the same time performs all the functions assigned to insulation. The only disadvantage of the material is that it has a high price. And you can read about which ones are used in the article.

For roofing

When erecting a roof, it is imperative to provide a layer of insulation. But now we’ll determine which one is most suitable.

Expanded polystyrene

This material has excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation qualities. But it cannot be used if there is a flat or soft roof.

In the photo - polystyrene foam for roofing

This is due to the fact that the material is vapor permeable and flammable. By using polystyrene foam, you can create excellent roof ventilation. But the information from this article will help you understand how to use it.

Polyurethane foam

The main advantage of this material is that it perfectly protects the roof from the penetration of cold. In addition, it is not affected by fire. Polyurethane foam can be applied to the roof in the most inaccessible places.

The photo shows polyurethane foam for roofing

In addition, with the help of this roofing insulation you can forget about joints and gaps. But what a shell for polyurethane foam pipes is, in detail with a photo, is described in this

Foam glass

This material is considered unique, because glass production waste is used in combination with carbon for its production.

The photo shows foam glass for roof insulation

The main advantages of insulation include:

• non-flammability,
• not afraid of steam and water,
• not affected by rodents and microorganisms,
• long service life;
• excellent thermal insulation qualities,
• resistance to deformation.

Which one is better to use for a wooden house?

Today in the modern market there are many thermal insulation materials, which can be used for insulation wooden house. When choosing, you need to take into account that wooden surface I was able to “breathe.” Otherwise, it will lead to the development of mold and mildew.

The following materials can be used to insulate wood:

1. Jute.
2. Tape tow.
3. Expanded polystyrene.
4. Mineral wool.
5. Styrofoam.

A large selection of mineral wool makes you wonder which one is better: glass wool, stone wool or others.

Non-flammable types

If you need to choose a material that is not subject to combustion, but will still perform all the functions of a heat insulator, then you should pay attention to the following types:

1. Glass wool. This material is characterized by high strength and elasticity. It is actively used when insulating heating pipelines. Glass wool is not negatively affected by UV rays.

   

   In the photo there is non-flammable glass wool:

2. Expanded clay. The heat insulator is obtained by firing clay. It can be used when insulating complex or hard-to-reach surfaces. Has excellent thermal insulation properties. But which one is described in great detail in this article.

   

   In the photo, non-flammable expanded clay:

3. Foam glass. This material belongs to inorganic insulation. It has a structure that resembles soap foam. In the production of heat insulators, coal and glass are used. Thanks to this, foam glass is able to withstand high temperatures. But what is the GOST for expanded clay concrete wall panels, information from

   

   In the photo, non-flammable foam glass material:

Foil types

Today you can purchase the following insulation with a foil layer:

1. Minvata. This material is excellent for insulating surfaces that are constantly heated to high temperatures ny indicators. Mineral wool is often used when laying pipes. Here's what specifications mineral wool currently exists and where it is used is described in this

   

   In the photo there is foil mineral wool:

2. Foamed polyurethane foam. On one side it has a layer of aluminum. The material has excellent thermal insulation properties, despite the thin layer. It is much more effective than mineral wool.

   

   For photo-foiled polyurethane foam:

3. Foil insulator. On one side it has a foil layer, and on the other there is a self-adhesive surface. The material is used as a vapor and waterproofing agent.

   

   For photo-foil insulation for insulation:

Basalt species

Basalt insulation- This is stone wool. Stands out good. The material is environmentally friendly and practical. It can be used when insulating the following surfaces:

Basalt insulation is classified based on density and form of release. Each of them has its own pros and cons. Basalt is produced in the form of a roll, mat or scattering.

What is insulation and how does it work? What kind of thermal insulation is there for different types of work? How do homogeneous types of insulation differ? Is it possible to add insulation to structural elements? Is there an alternative to conventional insulation methods? You will find answers to these and other questions in this article.

Heat loss was a stumbling block for builders in earlier times. If they coped with the task of structural strength quickly (back in Ancient Egypt used an analogue of today's concrete), then heat retention was not so simple.

Not having our current technologies, they were forced to build walls of incredible thickness or intensively heat the premises from the inside. About 150 years ago, a compromise was found - a durable structure of small thickness (100-300 mm) plus insulation. And if everything is more or less clear with the structure - brick, wood, concrete, then today there are a great variety of insulation materials. We will talk about them.

How does insulation work?

The best and most accessible heat insulator is air. Strictly speaking, this is a rarefied gas, the molecules of which are relatively far from each other - many times further than those of denser materials (stone, water, wood). Due to this, the ability of air to receive (heat capacity) and transmit (thermal conductivity) heat is very small.

This suggests an “elementary” solution - to insulate the surface with a sealed shell filled with atmospheric air. This method will not even withstand theoretical testing - the cold surface of a denser medium (shell) will create heat exchange between itself and the air in contact with it, air movement in the shell will begin, it will begin to mix and over time the temperature will level out. Plus, condensation forms along the way. And the sealed body of the capsule will become an excellent bridge of cold.

What needs to be done to make the air work

The problem described above is solved by “immobilizing” the air. By dividing the chamber volume into separate cells, the researchers achieved increasingly better results. Ultimately, they concluded that the gas was best retained in a loose medium and by fibers. The principle of keeping air stationary is absolutely natural. Nature uses it in animal fur, in tree leaves shed to insulate roots, in a “dome” made from the paws of a spruce tree, covered with snow.

In order to clearly classify modern insulation materials, we will conditionally divide them into four groups: mineral wool (slabs and mats), polymer, backfill and alternative group.

Mineral wool boards and mats

The most common type of insulation today. Has excellent operational properties and manufacturability (ease of use).

How to obtain mineral wool

Mineral (stone) wool was experimentally obtained as a result of heating and blowing rocks of the gabbro-basalt group and marls. When using raw materials with a high silicon content, the wool fibers partially vitrified and the so-called glass wool was obtained - inconvenient to work with and harmful to health. However, its thermal insulation properties were at the proper level. This was a transitional stage in the evolution of technology, which was subsequently improved. Before today principle of receiving stone wool has not changed, but it has become safer and more convenient to use (due to the combination of raw materials). All stone wool products are non-flammable and vary in density.

Interesting fact. Cotton candy is made in a similar way, only regular sugar is used instead of rock.

Mineral wool mats are fibers formed in the form of a mat 50 or 100 mm thick. Initially they were stitched. Designed for installation on horizontal surfaces with a slope of no more than 45 degrees.

Mineral wool slabs are fibers formed in the form of a slab with a thickness of 50 or 100 mm and dimensions of 500-600x1000-1200 mm. It differs from the mat in its greater density, due to which the slab is more rigid and is not subject to vertical settlement and clumping.

Scope of application: any type of “dry” insulation of residential and industrial buildings. Floors, walls, ceilings, roofing. Ideal insulation for frame houses.

Interesting fact. Why the majority mineral wool slabs have a width of 600 mm? This type of insulation came to us along with the “Canadian construction technology” frame houses. It provides a distance between the wall studs and the floor joists of 600 mm - insulation is installed in this space without additional adjustment.

Advantages

1. Non-flammability. Cotton wool itself does not burn, but burns out by transferring heat. This requires high temperatures (from 600 °C) and constant access of oxygen - conditions for a very strong fire in the wind.
2. Soundproofing. It is a “bonus” for thermal insulation in all materials.
3. Light weight. Due to the sparseness of the fibers, as we have already found out, the main material in cotton wool is air.
4. Possibility of further finishing (for slabs). The board material binds perfectly cement adhesives, which allows them to be puttied.
5. Self-supporting slabs. They can be fixed to the walls with dowels.
6. Non-toxic. Everything that could evaporate was evaporated during production in the hot shop.
7. Possibility of partial replacement of damaged areas.

Flaws

1. It is afraid of moisture and requires steam and water barriers. Even a small amount of water can permanently damage the insulation area and will have to be replaced.
2. Settlement, compressibility. It does not allow the use of mineral wool for insulating screeds (filling with concrete or mortar).

Price range for insulation made of stone (basalt, mineral) wool depending on the brand and manufacturer:

Polymer insulation

The two most popular types of polymer insulation are polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene (PP) and its derivative, extruded polystyrene foam (EPPR). They are obtained by extrusion (squeezing raw materials through a hole of a given shape).

Polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene) - foamed polyethylene in the form of a sheet with a thickness of 15-200 mm and dimensions of 1000-1200x500-1200 mm. Varies in density.

Advantages (compared to EPPR): low price

Disadvantages: looseness, even dense PP is not used for insulating screeds.

Dependence of the price of polystyrene foam on the brand and purpose using the example of products from Knauf, Germany:

Extruded polystyrene foam is a gas-saturated melt of polyethylene. It has the shape of a sheet with a thickness of 30-70 mm and dimensions of 500-600x800-1400 mm. Varies in density and color.

Advantages (compared to PP):

1. Significantly stronger than PP. Suitable for pouring concrete.
2. It has an adapted tongue-and-groove system along the edges, which creates an overlapping connection - does not require filling the joints.
3. Less thermal conductivity.
4. Combined purpose - can serve as a waterproofing element.

Disadvantages: higher price.

Approximate prices for extruded polystyrene foam using the example of products from the company "PENOPLEX":

General characteristics for PP and EPPR

Advantages:

1. Non-flammability. The material is foamed and saturated with carbon dioxide
2. Light weight (10-15 kg/m 3)
3. Widespread. Simplified technology allows even artisanal methods to obtain material of acceptable quality.
4. Not afraid of moisture

Flaws:

1. Fusibility. The material is afraid of high temperatures (from 80 ° C)
2. Toxic when melted

Scope of application: polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene are excellent insulation for frame houses, brick and concrete buildings, and foundations. Acts as a waterproofing element.

Interesting fact. Polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 50 mm or more have a stable temperature of +5 ° C. That is, in any frost, the temperature inside the leaf will be positive.

Loose fill insulation

The most striking example of the history of the use of this type of thermal insulation is backfill wooden boards for prefabricated construction low-rise buildings in USSR. They were covered with sawdust, which was an absolutely justified decision at that time: literally all household products - from knife handles to window frames— made of wood. A huge amount of waste was put to good use. Other waste (shingles, slabs, trimmings) was also allowed onto these boards; many of these houses are still inhabited.

Today, fill-in insulation is much inferior in ease of use to slabs made of cotton wool and polyethylene. However, it has one insurmountable advantage - it can be mixed with the material of the walls and floors, thus introducing insulation into the structure. The most popular types are expanded clay, vermiculite and foam ball.

Expanded clay

An artificial stone produced by firing clay.

Properties: granules 5-30 mm. Density 350-600 kg/m3. Not afraid of moisture and organic matter. Has low load-bearing capacity. Does not require vapor barriers. Not flammable, does not sink in water.

Application: dry method - filling cavities, logs of wooden floors and ceilings. Wet method- mixing with mortar, concrete (insulating screeds).

The price of the issue is expanded clay in M-450 bags, fraction 10-20 (packed 0.043 m 3 per bag) costs approximately 150-180 rubles per bag. There are approximately 25 bags in 1 m 3 and the price is 3750-4500 rubles, respectively.

Vermiculite

Natural stone (mineral) mined in quarries.

Properties: granules 1-5 mm. Density 350-750 kg/m3. The properties are the same as expanded clay. It is an adsorbent (absorbs odors).

Application: the same as expanded clay. When insulating walls and ceilings, it is first placed in a geotextile bag, and the bags are placed in place.

The issue price is 1 m 3 of vermiculite costs approximately 5,000 rubles.

Styrofoam ball

Individually frozen pores of polystyrene foam. Usually mixed with mortars and concrete when constructing starting and load-bearing screeds. They are also added to raw materials in the production of small-piece concrete blocks for construction. Improves thermal insulation while reducing load-bearing capacity.

The price of the issue - the cost of 1 m 3 balls ranges from 1300-1600 rubles.

Alternative group (old)

In this group we will include all other materials that can be used as insulation, and we will simply list them. These are mainly natural raw materials. It is worth noting that all these materials are absolutely environmentally friendly and harmless to humans.

Sawdust and straw: keep air from moving and heat exchange. They can be filled or laid between floor or ceiling joists. Performed in a mixture with dry clay additional function vapor barriers. To make building blocks, they are mixed with raw clay and shaped. A solution of clay with sawdust is used for plastering (coating) walls.

Reed: dry reed cobs are laid in the manner of mats.

Moss: used for local insulation - filling of sinuses and cracks, caulking of log houses. Absolutely not subject to rotting, but weathers. Exceptionally flammable.

Turf: laid directly on the roof. Requires waterproofing (usually clay).

Ash slag or “huzhal”: roasting by-product (fuel combustion waste). It has characteristics similar to expanded clay, but of much worse quality. It is poured dry and mixed with clay and cement mortars.

The asking price is free.

Alternative band (contemporary)

Here we will present one, but advanced, method of insulation - spraying polyurethane foam. The essence of the method is that the insulation is “manufactured” on site, immediately before application to the surface. With help special machine the raw material (polymer) is dissolved and mixed with air - liquid polyurethane is obtained. This method is actively gaining market position as a convenient and high-quality insulation for frame houses and cottages, walls and roofs of any design. The process is completely identical to application polyurethane foam using a pistol.

The price of the issue is the cost of 1 m2 (up to 100 m2) of spraying hard polyurethane foam with a layer thickness of 50 mm - 650 rubles and less, depending on the volume. It will cost the same price to apply lightweight polyurethane foam 100 mm thick.

The modern construction market offers many beautiful, durable, environmentally friendly finishing materials. Nowadays, thanks to new technologies, it is possible to realize almost any fantasy in terms of repair or design work. But as for the economics of maintaining a home, it also needs to be carefully calculated.

Unfortunately, not every material, even the most beautiful or unusual, is capable of retaining heat well in a room. Therefore, often the issue of wall insulation at the time of repair has to be raised quite often. And even without planning repair work, insulation is a hot topic for our country.

On the shelves of construction hypermarkets are presented different kinds insulation materials. Puzzled by the choice of this material, every unprepared buyer will probably be confused when he sees what a huge assortment the manufacturers offer us! Therefore, before you go shopping, let's figure out what kind of insulation is needed in each specific case and how to choose it correctly.

Insulation will bring several important advantages not only to your budget, but also to the quality of your home - this is clear even without special calculations. Some homeowners find it convenient to install insulation inside the room, however, this is not entirely convenient: firstly, it reduces the living space, and secondly, it does not allow the heat inside the room to warm up the walls and thus maintains dampness inside the building.

Therefore, it is definitely necessary to insulate the walls outside the house - it does not matter whether it is a detached household or an apartment. Properly selected and laid insulation allows the room to warm up evenly due to the free circulation of warm air. The outer layer of insulation retains heat and allows the walls to remain dry, which means it prevents their destruction.

As an additional bonus from the insulation, there is also sound insulation of the room, this is an important property, especially if the housing is located near a highway or a busy part of the city.

As for the aesthetics of finishing walls with insulation, modern finishing materials are perfectly adapted to implement various design solutions.

What types of wall insulation are there?

Conventionally, insulation materials can be divided into 2 types: organic and inorganic. What it is?

Organic insulation

These are materials that are produced from raw materials from natural components. They do not contain synthetic ingredients. Some organic materials contain cement and plastic.

Organic insulation materials are easy to use because they do not get wet, are not prone to fire, and are not susceptible to fungus, mold, or any bacteria. It is convenient to use organics as internal insulation or in multilayer structures, in the form of the first, inner layer.

There are quite a few examples of insulation materials of organic origin:

1. Arbolite insulation– made on the basis of cement and kaolin. Additionally, it contains heat-saving substances - straw, sawdust, shavings, etc.
2. Polyvinyl chloride foam insulation– based on polyvinyl chloride resins. The technology of its production is such that the resins acquire a porous structure; it can be hard or soft, and, accordingly, has a wide range of uses.
3. Chipboard. Insulation based on wood chips, to which resins and antiseptics are added.
4. Polyurethane foam is a new generation heat insulator. It is made on the basis of polyester by complex chemical reaction. It has excellent insulating properties and is not afraid of moisture, pests and temperature changes.
5. Penoizol, also called mipora. Material based on a natural emulsion of urea-formaldehyde resin. Mipora is a universal material; it is sold in dry form, in the form of blocks. If necessary, it can also be used in liquid form, poured into specially prepared containers, where it hardens over time.
6. Expanded polystyrene, or, more simply, polystyrene foam.
7. Foamed polyethylene. It is obtained by adding special foaming additives to the liquid polyethylene mass. The result is a material with a large number of pores - which allows it to retain heat well and provide sound insulation.
8. Fibrolite. A completely organic material consisting of fine wood shavings. Cement or magnesite is used as a binder. The material perfectly withstands wet operating conditions and can be used for insulation of saunas, swimming pools and similar premises.
9. Sotoplast. Unusual modern type insulation. Its porous structure consists of cells that visually resemble a honeycomb - hence its name. It consists of cellulose or fabric fibers, wrapped in film, and the outer part of each panel is made of soft plastic.
10. Ecowool. Made from waste from cardboard or book production. The basis for it is scrap or second grade cellulose cardboard or paper. It is also possible to produce from waste paper, however, the quality in this case will be much lower.

Inorganic insulation materials

Made from minerals, slag, asbestos or glass. These materials have been known to everyone for many years - glass wool, cellular concrete, foam glass and the like. They have shown excellent performance properties, work at any temperature, and are suitable for any design.

Inorganic insulation materials are available for sale in a variety of forms: wool, panels, slabs, rolls, and even loose. This is an additional plus, since it is possible to choose the most convenient installation method.

There are also quite a few varieties of inorganic heat insulators:

Probably the most common insulation. Can be made from slag waste from steel production or rocks. Based on the type of raw material from which it is made, mineral wool is divided into two types: stone and slag.

The process of its production is almost identical to glass production, although glass production waste is often used for production. It differs from mineral wool in its structure and properties.

3. Ceramic wool. It is made on the basis of silicon, aluminum or zirconium oxides. For production we use high temperature conditions and centrifuge. Ceramic wool is practically not subject to deformation, does not burn and has excellent heat and sound insulation properties.

Reflective Thermal Insulators

As you know, classic insulation acts directionally - they slow down the process of heat passage. That is, from a heated room, be it a residential building or a public building, heat goes outside. If you conduct a study of infrared radiation, you will see rays, especially strong radiation where building materials transmit heat well. Therefore, trying to insulate a room, it is sheathed with various types of insulation that retains heat or prevents the free passage of infrared rays.

However, there is another approach to increasing the thermal insulation of buildings. This is the use of materials that reflect heat. The most popular among these is aluminium foil , its surface is capable of reflecting up to 97% of the heat falling on it.

At the same time, aluminum foil is laid in one or two layers, which are subsequently covered with a layer of polyethylene - such covering is very thin and takes up practically no space. And in terms of its thermal insulation it can compete with the highest quality insulation that retains heat. In addition, it is also an excellent vapor barrier material, therefore, for buildings with high humidity - saunas, baths - such thermal insulation will be a godsend. In other cases, it is best to consider it as an auxiliary material, for example, for finishing walls and ceilings indoors.

Choosing insulation for walls

Among the huge range of insulation materials, it can be difficult to choose just one. Let's look at the most common heat insulators:

For many years it has been used as insulation on all kinds of private and industrial facilities. It can be made from stone or basalt raw materials, which gives it fire resistance and fire safety. Modern ones are made from volcanic fossils using special equipment, reaching high temperatures. It has a specific porous structure, which determines its main advantages:

1. Excellent thermal insulation of the room. Thanks to its fibrous structure, mineral wool retains the temperature inside the building well; in winter the house will remain warm, and in summer it will be cool.
2. Soundproofing. Also, due to the random structure of cotton wool fibers, it is capable of retaining at least 50% of sound vibrations passing through it.
3. Wear resistance. Made from volcanic rocks, mineral wool is not prone to destruction and can last long time without needing replacement.
4. Tightness. Provided that the correct technology for laying mineral wool is followed, this type of thermal insulation can maintain the tightness of the coating for many years.
5. Mineral wool is environmentally safe for health.

Laying this type of insulation is not particularly difficult, but, as already mentioned, it is important to observe correct sequence operations:

1. Preparing the wall. Clear from old decoration, dirt, putty cracks and chips.
2. Laying a vapor-permeable membrane. This needs to be done directly on the wall, in one layer.
3. Installation of a frame made of wooden planks or metal profiles.
4. Laying mineral wool. It is usually sold in sheets of various sizes.
5. Cover the layer of cotton wool with another layer of film.
6. Façade cladding with finishing material. Usually in this case it would be correct to install a ventilated façade.
7. Installation of slopes, window sills. The old ones will have to be replaced due to a significant increase in the thickness of the walls.

Styrofoam

Polystyrene foam, or its more modern analogue - polystyrene, is a very popular material for external insulation of a building. This is a common type of organic insulation, consisting of 90% air, the remaining ten percent are substances produced from petroleum products. At their core, these are medium and small air bubbles enclosed in a polystyrene shell.

Advantages:

1. Low cost. Sheathing a house with polystyrene foam is available to anyone.
2. Excellent retention of heat indoors.
3. It is not afraid of moisture, dampness and temperature fluctuations.
4. Good soundproofing material.
5. Suitable for various types of exterior, it can be either plastered or covered with wall panels.

Flaws:

1. Small mammals love polystyrene foam. Rodents make their burrows in it - it’s easy and convenient for them. To avoid such incidents, foam wall coverings must be immediately covered with a top, decorative layer. Moreover, this must be done efficiently, without leaving gaps.
2. Foam styrene is not a flammable material, however, when exposed to open fire, it will catch fire. This disadvantage is not significant, since this insulation is capable of self-extinguishing in the absence of strong gusts of wind.

The process of attaching polystyrene foam is not particularly complicated; you can insulate a house with it yourself, without involving specialists. The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Prepare the walls. Preparation includes standard cleaning of dust, dirt and old finishes. If there are large cracks or potholes, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate them.
2. Set up a starting profile. In general, such a procedure is not necessary, but this measure will guarantee accurate alignment of the cladding over the entire area of ​​the facade. Starting from the starting profile, your work will be much faster and easier.
3. Prepare foam sheets as necessary: we are talking about dimensions, that is, if there are windows, doors, or other elements on the wall that are not planned to be insulated, then you need to cut them taking into account these objects. Cutting it is not difficult using a construction knife or even an ordinary knife of a suitable size.
4. Apply special glue to the foam. This can be done with a spatula, following a certain application pattern: it is important to coat well not only the corners and perimeter of each plate, but also the ends, which will subsequently join with the adjacent ends of the material.
5. Additionally, secure the foam panels with dowel fasteners. Recommended consumption of fasteners: at least five pieces per sheet.
6. Application of a reinforcing layer. This is, as a rule, a synthetic mesh that is attached using adhesive or cement mortar directly to the foam. This measure will strengthen the insulating layer and prevent it from settling or destruction.
7. Finishing work. This type of cladding is most suitable for plaster, followed by the application of textures – “”, “lamb”, and other relief coatings that will fit well on the foam insulation.

Polyurethane foam

This material is a kind of plastic, 90% of its structure is in a gaseous state. The structure is porous, with pronounced cells. In modern industry, it is successfully used not only as insulation for facades, but also as a seat filler in sofas, armchairs and the like. Visually and tactilely it looks like an ordinary one.

This material used as insulation due to the following positive characteristics:

1. Good thermal insulation.
2. It also works as a noise absorber.
3. Not exposed to aggressive chemicals.
4. Practically does not absorb moisture and does not dampen.
5. Environmentally friendly.
6. Long service life - up to thirty years.

Why is this material bad as insulation:

1. Due to its soft surface, polyurethane foam is not suitable for finishing. Can only be used under panels.
2. This insulation is fire hazardous, and moreover, when ignited, it is capable of releasing substances that are dangerous to human life.

For laying polyurethane foam on walls, machine application of polyurethane foam is also used.

Penoplex

This material is also called. This type of insulation is relatively new, developed not so long ago, and therefore fully takes into account modern needs for thermal insulation of housing. Penoplex has a porous structure, which determines its main positive characteristics: high heat resistance, lightness, and accessibility to subsequent processing.

It actually has a lot of advantages:

1. High thermal insulation performance. Has the highest thermal insulation characteristics of all popular materials,
2. Wear-resistant. Withstands moderate loads,
3. Durable. The service life of penoplex insulation is forty years or more,
4. Does not attract rodents and other pests, not prone to the formation of fungus or mold,
5. Easy. This circumstance makes it possible to work with it independently, without hiring professional builders, and also to carry out installation work even for one person.

This type of polystyrene has shown itself to be excellent in use both for private households and for insulating public buildings.

Among the disadvantages, you need to remember:

1. Flammability. Penoplex is not a fire-resistant material and for fire-fighting purposes, it is necessary to apply protective measures.
2. Quite a high cost.

As for the price, given the characteristics of the material and its service life, its cost is completely worth it and justified.

Installation of penoplex is identical to installation foam panels, it is also attached to special polymer adhesive compositions– please note – they must be without acetone. But in addition to glue, of course, it is advisable to secure the insulation with anchor fasteners in order to avoid annoying troubles after some time.

Extruded polystyrene lends itself perfectly to decoration, it can be plastered, and reliefs of a wide variety of structures can be created.

Manufacturers

Due to the constantly increasing demand for thermal insulation materials, along with the import of imported materials - European, less often American, produced, domestic manufacturers began to expand and develop. Today, on the shelves of construction hypermarkets there are both European and Russian brands. Here are the most popular ones:

Ursa– one of the leaders in this field building materials. This is a subsidiary of the large Spanish concern Uralita. In fact, Ursa insulation products are regularly supplied to both the Russian and European markets, where they are also very popular.

Thermal insulation of this brand is produced in different variations, but the most popular type is small insulation slabs or mats. They are convenient to use for installing ventilated building facades, insulating roofs, floors, and partitions. But it is also possible to insulate heating mains and high-rise buildings for private and industrial purposes.

• Armacell

Well-known manufacturer of insulation materials from Germany. Insulation materials of this brand are known for the fact that they are produced by foaming synthetic raw materials based on rubber. This method is patented by Armacell and any other materials of similar design are analogues or replicas of this type of insulation. The modern Russian insulation market has several standard types of Armacell insulation. In particular, they are convenient to use for heating systems, refrigerators, ventilation shafts, as well as standard heating systems with not too high heating temperatures.

• Partex

A well-known Finnish company in the world construction markets, its production facilities are located in the cities of Poland, Lithuania and Finland. On Russian market This brand is represented under the Paroc brand - on its basis there is a wide range of stone wool insulation materials. This heat insulator is available in the form of slabs, mats and rolls of soft and rigid construction.

This insulation is popular among private buyers; it is convenient to sheathe detached households and multi-storey residential buildings with it. The properties of Paros thermal insulators: high vapor permeability, excellent thermal insulation properties, durability and lack of deformation, make this material convenient and universal for use in civil construction.

• Isover

The widely known Finnish brand is actually a subsidiary of a large French concern. Their insulation is made on the basis of fiberglass, widespread both in Europe and in Russia and has remained popular for many years.

• Rolls Isomarket

One of the largest domestic companies producing insulation materials. Founded in 1994, since then it has been actively developing and mastering new technologies. Under the Energoflex brand, this manufacturer offers on the Russian market a wide range of various insulation materials based on polyethylene foam.

• JSC "Chemical Plant"

Located in the Sverdlovsk region, it is also a large Russian manufacturer. The Extrapen brand, produced by this plant from polystyrene foam raw materials, confidently occupies its niche among the thermal insulation materials presented on the Russian construction market.

Video: the best way to insulate walls

Wall insulation – important stage, it should not be missed or produced poorly. The benefits of properly insulated walls are obvious: you will protect inner part at home from condensation and freezing, retain heat indoors, significantly saving energy resources. Nowadays, insulation is not an unnecessary precaution, but right choice for any home, no matter what it is built of or how well it is heated.

Modern building materials allow you to select insulation to match any finish, hide it securely, leaving the façade of the building visually attractive. It is also important that to comply the right technology Laying insulation is not difficult, even if you do it yourself. Thus, you can significantly save on construction work without involving professionals for cladding.

Insulation materials serve for a long time without needing replacement; one day, you will forget about heat loss for many years to come. Take care of your home by installing good thermal insulation!

High-quality home insulation will not only make the building more comfortable to live in and reduce heating costs, but will also help extend the life of other building materials, preventing their premature deterioration due to freezing. At the same time, it is important to choose the right insulation: only if this condition is met, the thermal insulation of the house will be reliable and effective.

How to choose insulation

When choosing insulation for a home, take into account the following basic factors:

• type of thermally insulated structure: walls (external or internal), roof, ceiling, base, facade, balcony, etc.;
• features of the insulated structure: for walls - material of manufacture, thickness, for roofing - its type, for floors and facades - the type of finishing materials that will be laid on the insulation;
• technical requirements: home insulation must be environmentally friendly. In some cases, conditions are also put forward in terms of fire safety, vapor permeability, low weight, etc.

The budget allocated for thermal insulation work. It is natural that every buyer strives to save money. But when choosing insulation, you should still not give preference to cheap materials of dubious quality and without specialized certificates. Their use can lead to ineffectiveness and/or fragility of the thermal insulation of the house, and consequently to additional costs associated with replacing the insulation in the near future.

Pay attention to the thermal conductivity of the material. The lower this value, the greater the thermal insulation performance of the home insulation. The level of thermal insulation is also affected by the thickness of the material.

Another important factor choosing insulation - the method of its installation. Depending on the type of material and the form of its release, this may be:

• laying with fastening, gluing - for mats, slabs;
• spraying - for sprayed polyurethane foam and other similar materials;
• application with painting tools - for liquid compositions;
• pouring - for expanded clay and other similar materials.

The choice of application method often depends on the type of structure. For example, it is convenient to fill the attic with expanded clay and cover the walls with mats.

Popular home insulation materials

Mineral wool (basalt). The material is made from molten rocks, blast furnace slag and consists of many microfibers. The advantages of such insulation are its durability, which is due to mechanical strength, resistance to mold and moisture, as well as non-flammability. Mineral wool is often used for external insulation (ventilated, plaster facades), thermal insulation flat roof, walls and pipelines. When choosing such insulation for your home, pay attention to the composition. It is not advisable to use materials with phenol-formaldehyde resins as a binder in residential premises.

Fiberglass. This is a type of mineral wool consisting of glass fibers. The advantage of the material is increased chemical resistance, strength and elasticity. The main disadvantage of this insulation is the significant fragility of the fibers. Broken glass wool microfragments cause skin irritation, are dangerous if they get into the eyes, and are difficult to remove from clothing.

Expanded polystyrene (foam). This is a synthetic insulation for the home, which combines extremely affordable cost with good thermal insulation properties, which determines its popularity. 98% of this material consists of air in closed cells, which is related to its effectiveness in terms of insulation. Among the advantages can also be noted hygroscopicity, light weight, preservation of its thermal insulation properties in any climatic zone. Disadvantages: low strength, ability to oxidize in air, release of harmful substances when heated.

Spray polyurethane foam. This is one of the modern insulation materials that appeared on the market relatively recently. The material is a plastic with a foamy cellular structure. It is characterized by elasticity, breathability, good noise-absorbing properties, chemical resistance, and low moisture absorption. Application by spraying makes it possible to create a high-quality thermal insulation layer even on structures with complex configurations. Disadvantages are high price, sensitivity to ultraviolet light and the ability to degrade due to exposure to high temperatures.

Ecowool. Such home insulation is made from recycled cellulose (more than 80%) and additional additives (antiseptics and fire retardants, usually used for these purposes boric acid and sodium tetraborate, respectively). The material is considered environmentally friendly. If ventilation is possible, ecowool can be used in damp rooms (for the home these are basements, plinths, bathrooms), including those in which condensation may form on surfaces. The disadvantages of the material are a decrease in volume during operation (usually by 20%) and fragility of properties (over time thermal insulation characteristics decrease).

Penoizol. This material is liquid foam, produced in cylinders. The foam substance fills well the cracks and gaps in the structure, which provides reliable thermal insulation. No need to perform preliminary preparation surface, there are no seams. Penoizol is produced on the basis of a polymer resin, into which various additives are added. Foam insulation insulation for residential and non-residential premises is on sale. The former have a more environmentally friendly composition (usually they are made on the basis of urea-formaldehyde resins), the latter often have better performance indicators, although they are not environmentally friendly. After hardening, the foam insulation layer has good vapor permeability, which ensures a normal microclimate in the room. But such insulation can temporarily emit an unpleasant odor, is highly hygroscopic and exhibits linear shrinkage.

Polyester fiber. Environmentally friendly insulation for the home. Does not contain glue and does not smell. The fibers do not break during installation and do not generate dust. The advantages of the material also include biological stability and minimal water absorption. It is not recommended to lay polyester fiber on areas that are under constant pressure.

Floor insulation

Up to 20% of heat loss occurs through the floor (for comparison: up to 30% is lost through windows and doors). Insulation placed under the decorative covering will help reduce heat loss. The most commonly used materials for flooring are:

• foamed materials (foam plastic, expanded polystyrene, etc.) with one foil side;
• wood materials(plywood, fiberboard, sawdust, cork insulation);
• mineral wool.

When choosing, you need to consider:

• load on the floor. The insulation should not be deformed under its influence;
• requirements for vapor permeability, hygroscopicity, noise insulation and fire safety.

The latter requirements are usually determined by the type of flooring material and the conditions of use. For example, waterproof foam is suitable for concrete, but not for wood floors. Glass wool dampens noise well, but due to its high moisture absorption it is not suitable for use in damp rooms.

Types of wall insulation

First of all, it matters where exactly the insulation will be used.

• Outside the building. It is important that the material is resistant to atmospheric factors, including high humidity, temperature fluctuations. For external work, polystyrene foam, basalt insulation, thermal insulation plaster.
• Inside the building. The environmental friendliness of the material is of paramount importance. In some cases, there is also a requirement for a small thickness so that the insulation layer does not greatly reduce the interior space of the premises. You can use mineral wool, expanded polystyrene (foam), polyester fiber.

It is also necessary to analyze the compatibility of thermal insulation materials with wall and finishing materials: the insulation must be well attached to them.

Ceiling insulation

Ceiling insulation can be:

• top - the insulation is laid, poured or glued in the attic;
• lower (internal) - the material is glued to the ceiling from inside the room.

Most often, mineral wool, polystyrene foam, and foil polyethylene foam are used to insulate the ceiling. The choice depends on the installation method, technical requirements to thermal insulation.

Conclusion

Due to the large range of thermal insulation materials, many homeowners find it difficult to choose the right means for insulation, especially since each option has both advantages and disadvantages. In such cases, it is advisable to contact a company that sells thermal insulation materials. Experts will provide detailed advice on the characteristics of each insulation material and help you choose best option taking into account operating conditions, type of construction, technical requirements for thermal insulation.

Uninsulated walls mean a huge amount of heat loss! And in this situation, expect comfortable conditions living in a house is simply naive, especially in regions with harsh winters. No matter what power the boiler equipment operates at, or no matter how often and how hot the stove is fired, the “lion’s share” of thermal energy will simply “heat the street.” Naturally, at the expense of the careless owners of the house. So, effective thermal insulation of your home should always be among the issues of primary importance during construction or renovation.

In this publication, according to the general plan, the reader is offered information about what types of insulation for the walls of a house from the inside can be used, and with what success. But we cannot help but touch upon the problem that thermal insulation of walls on the premises side is far from the most the best option. He has a lot of negative qualities, and you should think carefully before making such a decision. This is probably where we should start the article.

Is it worth getting involved with internal wall insulation?

Let's first slowly go through the advantages and disadvantages of such technology.

« Pro &Contra" internal wall insulation

It would seem that insulating walls from the inside wins in all respects: let’s name just a few obvious ones advantages :

• Work can be carried out at any time of the year, and even without regard to the current weather.
• Even if the work is carried out in a multi-storey building, this still does not affect its complexity. That is - not required scaffolding, there is no need to resort to the services of specialists in the field of industrial mountaineering. And in general, almost everything can be done independently.

• A layer of thermal insulation on the inside will well muffle the spread of noise, including shock.
• There is no need to do everything at once - the work can be done sequentially, from room to room.
• Thermal insulation materials are guaranteed to be protected from all external influences - ultraviolet rays, any precipitation, wind, sudden temperature changes, etc.

Indeed, a very impressive list of “pluses”. And, nevertheless, any competent specialist in construction matters will still advise finding opportunities to perform thermal insulation on the outside of the wall. By the way, he will be supported by other “specialists”, including a doctor and a fire inspector.

And why? Because there are disadvantages, and their importance outweighs the listed pros.

• Whatever one may say, a layer of thermal insulation, and even with subsequent finishing, “eat up” the space of the room.

This seems to many to be a “ridiculous loss” that does not deserve attention. And completely in vain. For high-quality insulation of a wall, sometimes a layer of about 100 mm is needed, and in some regions even more. Plus to this - add at least 15 millimeters for finishing (plasterboard in one layer with putty, wallpaper or painting).

Doubts are easily dispelled by demonstration simple example. Let's say there is a corner room measuring 3.5 × 4.3 meters. That is, its area is 15.05 m².

Two walls are insulated - calculations show that a layer of 100 mm is needed, and with finishing this results in an additional thickness of 115 mm.

What nonsense, it seems, these 115 mm, at first glance. Let’s translate into area what these losses resulted in:

3.385 × 4.185 = 14.166 m².

15.05 – 14.166 = 0.88 m²

So, in an already not particularly spacious room, the loss amounted to about one “square”!

Moreover, this is only a “geometric” loss for now. Add to this the need to replace window sills with wider ones and move heating radiators - not a very “rosy” prospect...

• Carrying out insulation inevitably leads to a subsequent update of the room’s decoration, that is, it smoothly flows into a fairly large-scale renovation. And at the same time this room becomes practically uninhabitable. Such repairs also affect the overall level of comfort of living in an apartment or house - moving furniture, relocating household members, dirt being pulled apart and flying into dust, etc. The end result is quite long, expensive and tedious.

• The close proximity of a person to some thermal insulation materials, if not strictly prohibited, is at least not encouraged.
• Internal insulation very often requires dramatic changes in the room ventilation system.
• This is not the most important thing. The very location of the insulation on inside walls are extremely unfavorable for, so to speak, the overall thermal picture, for the distribution of temperature zones in load-bearing structures. All this may be accompanied by the appearance of areas of high humidity, which negatively affects both the environmental situation (the appearance of fungus, mold, damp spots) and the durability of wall materials and their finishing, both inside and outside.

It’s probably worth starting with the main drawback, since it probably outweighs all the others. But first, you still need to understand the basics of building heating engineering.

Useful information from the field of construction heating engineering

How does insulation actually work?

To understand the essence of the problem, it is necessary to “immerse” somewhat into the issues of building heating engineering. By the way, at the same time it will be calculated required thickness thermal insulation for complete wall insulation.

Any building material has certain thermal conductivity properties. Some transmit (and, by the way, also take away) heat very quickly and almost without loss (metals), others, as is often said, have “natural heat,” that is, heat loss through them is not so great (for example, wood), while others can talk about a markedly high resistance to heat transfer - these materials are precisely used as thermal insulation.

For each material, a special coefficient of its thermal conductivity is calculated and experimentally tested. It is usually denoted by the letter λ and is calculated in W/(m×℃).

So, the thermal transfer resistance of a layer of some material is determined by the following formula:

Rt =h/λ

h- the thickness of this layer.

λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material.

The wall can be a multilayer structure, one of the layers of which becomes insulation material. That is, the total thermal resistance of the wall is formed from the sum of the resistances of all layers.

From here we come to the following conclusion - it is quite possible to calculate what thickness of insulation will be required to create comfortable living conditions in the room. To do this, you need to have information about the structure of the wall - what materials it is made of, and what the thickness of the layers is. And, of course, what total resistance to heat transfer of the wall should one strive for.

Well, the owner should know the design of his wall, and the thickness can be measured simply. The values ​​of the thermal conductivity coefficient are also not a problem: there are as many tables with similar information on the network as you like.

And the total resistance to heat transfer depends on the climate of the region, more precisely, on the lowest temperatures in the coldest decade of winter. There are quite cumbersome formulas that allow you to calculate this parameter. But doing this is not necessary. You can find tables with normalized values ​​for all regions Russian Federation– the specialists have already done everything for us. We offer an even simpler option - based on the mentioned tables, a diagram map has been compiled, according to which, without worrying about some loss of accuracy (it is insignificant), we can find the value of the normalized heat transfer resistance that interests us. Moreover, please note that it differs for different types building structures: walls, ceilings and coverings. In our case, naturally, the value “for walls” is taken.

All that remains is to enter all the known values ​​into the formula - and calculate what thickness of the selected insulation will fully ensure “covering the deficit” up to the normalized value.

Below, the reader is offered an online calculator that allows you to quickly and accurately calculate the required thermal insulation thickness for internal insulation. A few explanations on working with it.

• The first step is to select the thermal insulation material that will be used for internal insulation. The presented list shows those insulation materials that are most often used in such cases. Which of them are better or worse for a given insulation scheme – we’ll talk about this a little below.

The values ​​of thermal conductivity coefficients, of course, have already been entered into the calculation program.

• The second step is to use the diagram map to clarify the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls (these are purple numbers), and indicate it in the calculator field (on the slider).
• Next, enter the main parameters, load-bearing wall. The two adjacent fields indicate its thickness (on the slider) and the material (from the drop-down list) from which it is constructed.
• Often, internal thermal insulation is installed because the existing external insulation, in the opinion of the owners, does not fully cope with its task. In this case, of course, the existing insulation material should be taken into account.

When you select this calculation path, two additional fields will appear in which, according to the already familiar principle (slider + drop-down list), the thickness and type of material are indicated.

• External and interior decoration walls also sometimes influence its overall thermal characteristics. If desired, they can also be included in the calculation - this possibility is implemented separately for external and internal. The scheme is the same - after selecting this path, additional fields open to indicate the material and thickness.

If, in the user’s opinion, this can be neglected, everything is simply left as is. And these sections of the calculator will be ignored by the program.

The result is shown in millimeters - this is the thickness of the selected insulation, which will ensure a total value of heat transfer resistance equal to the normalized one. It is, of course, rounded up, usually resulting in standard thicknesses insulation materials.

By the way, if there is external insulation, the calculation can also give negative meaning. This suggests that additional thermal insulation is simply not required. And the reasons for uncomfortable temperatures should be looked for elsewhere - insufficient insulation of the ceiling or floor, leaky windows or doors, improperly organized ventilation, etc. That is, an additional layer of insulation on the walls will have absolutely no effect.