Hello! please help me figure it out. Our HOA has replaced the management company. The new Criminal Code charges us for hot water, referring to the methodology from Resolution P No. 354.. The payment for hot water supply in our receipts is divided into two parts: individual consumption and single consumption and consists of 2 lines: cold water supply and heating. There are no problems with the first line in individual consumption... there is the volume (according to the meter in the apartment) and the tariff... but they calculate heating (i.e. the number of Kcal for heating) based on the general house water consumption (according to the house meter) and calculate the share of my calories based on the volume of chemical waste according to my counter. Calories turn out to be 0.74 (for my 6 cubic meters) and the fee in the individual consumption line in the new receipts has doubled. The previous company calculated it more simply; they simply took my CW consumption on the meter and multiplied it by the approved standard for heating 1 cubic meter of water, 0.0615. and the difference between the general house consumption and the amount according to the residents’ meters was distributed in the ODN part in proportion to the area. In the new receipts, the basement with ONE is reset to zero... that is, as I understand it, the new company calculates everything for us together without separating general house needs and intra-apartment needs.. or am I wrong?
I reviewed Resolution 354.. and did not find a formula there by which hot water supply should be calculated in apartment buildings with centralized water supply ( open circuit).. help me figure it out.. are the actions of the new Criminal Code legal? Thank you!
Hello, Natalia!
To begin with, as our President Vladimir Putin likes to say, “let’s separate the flies from the cutlets: the flies are separate, the cutlets are separate!”
In our case, the “cutlets” will be the hot water supply (DHW) scheme for your home, and the “flies” will be what the new Criminal Code considers and how. We will deal with the “flies” second.
First, we will deal with the “cutlets”:
Please specify:
At the beginning of the letter you write: “... The payment for hot water supply in our receipts... consists of 2 lines: HWA and heating...”.
As far as I know and understand the heat and power industry of housing and communal services, such a division of payments for hot water supply is used in a CLOSED heat supply system - in which two heat supply (heating) pipelines (direct and return) go from your quarterly boiler house (or from the combined heat and power plant), and the water for hot water supply is heated partly heating water in water heaters (boilers) located in each house (or group of houses).
Do you have a hot water boiler in your home?
Regarding payment for hot water supply in a CLOSED heat supply system: regulatory and technical documents allow two methods of calculating and paying for hot water supply, depending on which method is more suitable for the specific conditions of the city, on the settlement system adopted in the city between house management companies, Teploenergo and Vodokanal, or which is more “liked” by the authorities and accountants.
First:
the payment is taken under the item “hot water supply”, which includes the amount of payment for heat received from the boiler room and spent in the boiler to heat water, plus payment for cold water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in the boiler and consumed by residents. Then this payment from all residents, received by the house management company, shares accounting between Teploenergo and Vodokanal according to the rules known to them.
Second:
The fee is taken on two counts:
- “hot water supply” is a payment for heat received from the boiler room and spent in the boiler to heat water. As a rule, this money goes directly to Teploenergo without any “shrinkage or waste” in the management company;
- “cold water for hot water supply” - payment for water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in a boiler and consumed by residents. As a rule, this money goes directly to Vodokanal without any “shrinkage or waste” in the management company.
If a fee for “cold water for hot water supply” has appeared, then the fee for “hot water supply” should be reduced by the same amount.
However, at the end of the letter you write: “... I did not find in Resolution No. 354... a formula by which hot water supply should be calculated in apartment buildings with centralized hot water supply (open scheme)”
An OPEN DHW system is a system where water for DHW purposes is heated in a boiler room (CHP), flows through a separate pipeline and is then distributed to MKD water taps. In this case, the payment for hot water supply is determined in accordance with paragraphs 1 (for an apartment equipped with an individual meter) and 10, 13 (for one unit in a building with a common meter) of Appendix 2 “Calculation of the amount of payment for utility services” of Resolution No. 354.
What kind of hot water system is in your house - CLOSED or OPEN?
Natalia! Let's move on to the "flies".
Unfortunately, based on the figures and reasoning you presented, without having before your eyes (in your hands) the texts of your letter to the Criminal Code demanding to provide you with written explanations on the problem with calculating the payment for hot water supply and the corresponding responses from the Criminal Code, it is very difficult to give you an intelligible answer.
If you did not write such a letter, demand that the Criminal Code provide you with explanations on the basis of which documents the calculations were made, indicating their names, articles and items, including calculations using the forms of the corresponding items 1, 10, 13 (or others, according to who made the calculations?) Appendix 2 “Calculation of the amount of payment for utility services” of Resolution No. 354.
In your letter, refer to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, “Standard for the disclosure of information by organizations operating in the field of management of apartment buildings” (approved by the Post. Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2010 No. 731), as well as to paragraph 31 of the “Rules for the provision utilities owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (approved by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011):
“...31. The performer is obliged:
...e) carry out DIRECTLY UPON THE CONSUMER'S APPLICATION, check the correctness of the calculation of the amount of utility fees presented to the consumer for payment, the consumer's debt or overpayment for utilities, ... and immediately, based on the results of the check, issue the consumer documents containing correctly calculated payments. Documents issued to the consumer at his request must be certified by the signature of the manager and the seal of the contractor.”
The course of our further considerations and actions will depend on your answers.
Good luck with paying for hot water!
answer from Kalnin Yuri
|
Uv. Yuri, hello! Thanks for your reply. There are no boilers in our house. Here in the entire Avtozavodsky district open system hot water supply. And in many companies, hot water supply is divided into two lines: cold water supply and heating. (my mother lives in the next block, 9th floor. MKD they have hot water in one line.. tariff 109./83 r\m3) reply from Natalia Hello, Natalia! I understood this: Avtozavodskoy district is a district of Tolyatti?, since from the cities you mentioned. Samara and Togliatti The Avtozavodskoy district exists only in Togliatti. Let's move on from pleasant memories of youth to business. I'm still looking into your numbers. For some reason I just can’t “get into” the “methodology” of the chairman of the board of your HOA. She's kind of clever. It would be nice to have a payment document (invoice) in front of you. Please use in letters only generally accepted wording and abbreviations of technical values used in laws and regulations on housing and communal services. I will also get acquainted with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 8, 2012 No. 1149, mentioned by you, the tariffs of the Tevis heat and power company, the order of the Ministry of the Samara Region No. 418 and other documents of the housing and communal services of the city of Togliatti. I know this document: " Guidelines(MR) for the calculation and collection of payments from the population for housing and communal services" Gosstroy, LLC "Scientific Consulting Center for Housing and Communal Services" ("NCC Housing and Communal Services") Moscow 2003, and in it clause 3.3 "Heating and hot water supply". Natalia! Do you consider it appropriate and convenient to continue the exchange of information and consultations on hot water supply (and on other housing and communal services issues) by email? addresses? If you kindly ask the administration of this site (E-mail [email protected]) give me your email. address, I will answer you and you will have my address - it will be more convenient than asking and answering questions about housing and communal services in Russia. And I repeat my opinion once again - if you want to succeed, conduct all business communications with housing and communal services and the authorities in writing (or by e-mail). answer from Kalnin Yuri |
15.12.2014
The Moscow Housing and Public Utilities Department has published a brochure “How to understand the ENP.”
Every month, Muscovites take out the Unified Payment Document (UPD) from their mailbox - a receipt for payment for housing and communal services. The document contains all the information about housing and communal services: tariffs, consumption volumes, charges, etc. It can be difficult to understand, and Muscovites often ask questions about what this or that column means.
What information does the EPD contain?:
1
. Full name – last name, first name, patronymic of the owner/responsible tenant.
2
. Address of the residential premises at which payments for housing and communal services were made.
3
. Barcode. Graphic representation of 28 digital characters. Required for paying for EPD via electronic terminals.
4
. The month for which the EPD was formed.
5
. Payer's personal code. It is this that must be indicated when paying for housing and communal services at terminals, ATMs and via the Internet.
6
. Information about the management organization: name, address, contact details.
7
. Information about the residential premises: type of ownership (own or state (municipal), total and residential area, number of registered (privileged categories of the population are indicated separately), date of creation of this EAP and the date of the last payment for housing and communal services.
8
. Types of services for which accruals are made.
Abbreviations used:
Cold water/hot water supply– cold/hot water supply
Drainage– Water disposal (sewerage)
CPU– apartment metering device
DPU- communal metering device
Cod. and repair.– maintenance and repair of residential premises within the social norm
Sod.and repair l.p.iz.pl.- maintenance and repair of residential premises (excess space)
Sod.and repair.re.lived.- maintenance and repair of residential premises (for those who have a second home or owners who are not registered in the apartment)
Heating main pl.- heating of the main area
Fear.– voluntary insurance
9
. Volumes of consumption of housing and communal services. Each service uses its own units of measurement: water supply and sewerage cubic meters ( cubic meter), maintenance and repair, social rent of housing - sq. m. (square meters), heating - Gcal (gigacalories), gas is charged based on the number of registered.
10
. Current tariffs per unit of service.
11
. The amount of charges for services (the product of column 9 by column 10).
12
. Information on the amount of benefits for certain types of housing and communal services.
13
. Information about recalculation. For example, recalculation for temporary absence and recalculation for services of inadequate quality.
14
. Accruals payable for the service, taking into account benefits and recalculation.
That is why the Department of Housing and Public Utilities of the city of Moscow has published a brochure “How to understand the Unified Payment Document”, which tells in an accessible language what information is contained in the payment document, the procedure and method of calculation for each utility service, and much more useful information, necessary to “read” the payment document.
The brochure will help you understand how to correctly apply marginal indices, who is entitled to social support measures for housing and communal services, and what threatens persistent defaulters for housing and communal services debts.
What is EPD
The unified payment document is a kind of “calling card” of the city system of payments and charges for housing and communal services.
A single payment document is generated every month by specialists from the Multifunctional Centers for the provision of public services of the city of Moscow (MFC) or state government institutions "Engineering Services" of the districts (GKU IS) and is delivered to residents by the 15th. On average, employees of the city settlement and accrual system generate about 4 million (!) payment documents per month.
When creating a payment document, a huge database is used: addresses and surnames of owners and tenants of residential and non-residential premises, a list of services and their suppliers, information about social support measures, etc. This entire array of information is being processed computer program ASU EIRTS. Several thousand specialists take part in the creation of the ENP. And all to ensure that the payment document ends up in your mailbox.
Control of EPD delivery together with residents
The city has a well-established system for monitoring the timing of delivery of payment documents. If the payment document is delivered later than the 15th day of the month, please report this to the EPD delivery quality control service.
To leave a message about late delivery of a payment document, you must fill out a form on the website of the State Public Institution “Coordination Center for GU IS” www.is.mos.ru.
ATTENTION
Some residents and management organizations have decided to make payments and charges for housing and communal services on their own. Their payment documents for housing and communal services may differ from the Unified Payment Document. The information contained in the brochure and further in the article relates exclusively to the ENP.
What do we pay for?
The services specified in the payment document can be divided into several parts. Housing services, these include the “Rent” service (payment for residential premises for the tenant), and the “Housing Maintenance and Repair” service. Utilities: hot and cold water supply, water disposal (sewage), heating, gas supply. In some areas of the capital, electricity is also included in the ENP. But in most cases, this utility service is paid for on a separate receipt. The payment document also includes other services: locking device, radio, antenna.
Rates, prices and tariffs for housing and utility services are established by the Moscow Government. Thus, tariffs for housing and communal services for 2014 were approved by Decree of the Moscow Government dated November 26, 2013 No. 748-PP.
The cost of services classified as “other” is determined by a civil contract and is not regulated by the Moscow Government. Let's look at all the services in order.
Housing services
If a family uses housing on a rental basis, it pays for the rent, as well as the maintenance and repair of the living space. The rental fee is calculated based on the area of the residential premises and the rate established by the Moscow Government for a specific type of rental - social, commercial or rental of residential premises in non-subsidized buildings.
Homeowners pay for the “Maintenance and Repair of Residential Premises” service.
The cost of the service “Maintenance and repair of residential premises” includes a management fee apartment building(MCD), content and Maintenance common property, work provided for in the MKD management agreement.
The amount of payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises in an apartment building is determined at a general meeting of owners of premises in the house. If the owners have not decided on the amount of payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises, the calculation is made at prices approved by the Moscow Government.
The Moscow government approves two types of prices for the maintenance and repair of residential premises:
- per area within the established standards(listed below), this price is subsidized by the Moscow Government and now for most Muscovites it is 17.84 rubles. for 1 sq. m.,
- for an area exceeding the established standards. This is the actual cost of services and work for maintenance and current repairs; now for most Muscovites it amounts to 24, 53 rub. for 1 sq.m.
The price per area within the established standards applies to registered residents who have a single residence. In the ENP this service is designated “sod. repair zh.p.”
The difference between the total area of the residential premises and the area within the established area norm (in the EPD it is designated “construction and repair of iz. zh.p.”) is paid at the price for the area established in excess of the norm. For owners who are not registered in the residential premises or who have a second home, accrual is made at the rates for the area established in excess of the norms for the entire residential premises (in the EPD it is designated “construction and renovation of second residential premises”).
To charge fees for the maintenance and repair of residential premises, the following rules apply. For a citizen living alone – 40 sq. m. of total living space, for a family of two people, 56 sq. m. m., for a family of three or more people, 25 sq.m. total living space for each family member.
For example, in an apartment with an area of 60.3 sq. m. 2 people are registered. The established norm for a family of two is 56 square meters. m. This means that the area within the established norms will be calculated at a price within the established norm, and the excess area will be 4.3 sq. m. m – at a price per area above the norm.
Utilities: water supply
Payments for water supply can be calculated according to the readings of apartment metering devices, according to the readings of a house metering device, or according to standards.
If you pay for water supply services using an apartment metering device (KPU), then the following abbreviations are used in the EPD: “HVS KPU”, “GVS KPU”, “Water drain. KPU" - cold and hot water supply according to the readings of the apartment water meter, water disposal (sewage) according to the readings of the KPU (the sum of the readings of cold and hot water supply).
The cost of water is calculated based on the volume according to the readings of the apartment metering device (KPU), multiplied by the tariff.
The payment document indicates the water consumption in the billing month according to the readings of the apartment meter. But if the KPU readings were not transmitted on time, they will be calculated based on the average monthly consumption volume for the previous 6 months.
If you pay using a home metering device (DPU), the payment document indicates the abbreviations: “HVS DPU”, “DHW DPU” and “Water drain. DPU" - cold and hot water supply, water disposal according to the readings of the house water meter.
Calculation of charges for cold and hot water for apartments where no control units are installed is carried out in accordance with the resolution of the Moscow Government dated February 10, 2004 No. 77-PP.
From the volume of water consumption according to the readings of the house meter, the volume of consumption for all apartment devices, the volume of consumption for non-residential premises (if the house has, for example, shops, a hairdresser, etc.) are subtracted, and also general household expenses are deducted, which are determined according to the readings metering device installed at the place where water is collected for general household needs. If there is no such device, then common household expenses are accepted to be no more than 5 percent of the volume of consumption for a common household device. The resulting balance is distributed among apartments without communal housing in proportion to the number of citizens living in them. At the same time, the resulting volume of consumption per person should not exceed two standards for the consumption of utilities.
If there are neither apartment nor house meters, charges are made according to consumption standards: 6.935 cubic meters. m. cold water per person per month, 4,745 cubic meters. m of hot water per person per month, drainage 11.68 cubic meters per person per month.
Heating and gas supply
Payment for heating residential premises in Moscow, in accordance with Moscow Government Decree No. 468-PP dated September 10, 2014, is calculated based on the average monthly heat energy consumption. To calculate it, the volume of heat consumed over the previous year is taken and divided by 12 months. Then the average monthly volume consumed by the entire house is divided by the total area of the house - this is how the amount of heat required to heat 1 square meter of the house is determined. The result obtained is multiplied by the total area of the apartment and the tariff.
At the beginning of each year, the management organization carries out a reconciliation of the volumes billed to the population for payment and the volumes of thermal energy actually spent for the current year. Based on the results of the reconciliation, a payment adjustment is made, which is usually indicated in the payment document in the “recalculation” column. It can be done both in the direction of increasing and in the direction of decreasing it.
In the absence of metering devices, charges are made according to consumption standards: 0.016 Gcal per 1 sq. m of total housing area.
Payment for gas supply is calculated according to the tariff for each consumer living in the apartment.
Limit indices
The maximum index of changes in the amount of payment of citizens for utility services is universal tool control over charges for hot and cold water supply, sewerage, heating, gas. Changing the fee above the maximum index is unacceptable and should entail an immediate response from the executive authorities to eliminate this situation.
In the capital, the maximum index was approved by Order of the Mayor of Moscow dated June 30, 2014 No. 542-RM and from November 1 to December 31, 2014 it is 6.5 percent. At the same time, it is extremely tolerance the value of the marginal index for a specific residential premises is 3.2 percent.
Also, in the form of formulas, the Moscow Government approved the maximum indices for changing the amount of payments made by citizens for utility services for 2015 - 2018.
Marginal Index = Consumer Price Index x Ratio + 3.5%.
In this formula, the Consumer Price Index is calculated based on the forecast of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the year preceding the year for which the change indices are calculated (based on the results of 9 months). The coefficient is a decreasing or increasing coefficient for the corresponding year of the long-term period, determined taking into account the forecast of socio-economic development of Russia for this year.
How to apply marginal indices?
To determine whether the increase in utility charges exceeds the marginal index, it is necessary to compare the charges for the two periods. The fee for any month of the current year must be divided by the fee for December of last year. The resulting value must not exceed the limit index. However, for the first long-term period (from July 1 to December 2014), the selected month must be compared with June 2014.
If the change in the amount of the fee exceeds the size of the established limit index, it is necessary to seek clarification from the MFC/GKU IS of the district, the managing organization. And if you have not been able to find out the objective reasons for exceeding the maximum payment index for utility services, you should contact the State Housing Inspectorate of the city of Moscow and the city executive authorities.
Limit indices cannot be used in the following cases.
1. In relation to one utility service.
Limit indices apply to the total payment for all utility services provided to a citizen. Those. It is incorrect to say that the increase in tariffs for any particular utility service has exceeded the limit index.
2. To the total amount in the EPD.
Limit indices apply only to public services (hot and cold water supply, sewerage, heating, gas). And the ENP, in addition to them, includes charges for housing and other services.
3. To utilities, if the volume of their consumption changes.
In Moscow, the majority of the population pays for utilities based on the readings of apartment or communal metering devices. Accordingly, the volume of consumption, as a rule, is not the same every month, so the payment amount varies from month to month.
In addition, the volume of utility services provided is affected by the increase in the number of citizens living or registered in residential premises. Some services are charged for each resident or registered person: gas, and in the absence of individual water meters, cold and hot water supply, sewerage.
4. If your eligibility for benefits has changed.
The amount of the payment depends on whether the citizen has benefits for paying for housing and communal services. When calculating payments, the amount of payment for a specific service is reduced by the amount of benefits provided to it for its payment. In case of loss of the right to a benefit or a change in its size, the citizen’s payment may also change upward and its growth will exceed the approved index.
For convenience and ease of checking whether the increase in utility bills corresponds to the maximum indices, the Government of the Russian Federation has developed an information tool that allows you to make the necessary calculations online.
Currently, this information tool is posted on the websites of executive authorities of the city of Moscow.
Who is eligible for benefits?
The Moscow government provides citizens with an effective system of social support in the housing and communal services sector. Currently, in the capital, more than 50 categories of citizens are entitled to benefits, which is significantly more than provided for by federal legislation.
Benefits are provided in the form of discounts for no more than one apartment (residential premises) based on rates, prices and tariffs established by the Moscow Government. If a consumer has the right to social support measures for paying for housing and communal services on two or more grounds, benefits are accrued on one of them.
Muscovites began to receive new receipts for housing and communal services. After the tariff increase and the appearance of contributions for major repairs, payments increased by at least 1 thousand rubles. Gazeta.Ru tells you what you need to know to try to save money.
“Often, active citizens who check their bills manage to reduce the amounts billed even by half. Inflated bills occur due to the fact that they include services that are not provided, and the volume of services provided is exceeded,” says Mikhail Anshakov, Chairman of the Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights.
How to detect deception
“The more detailed the invoice is, the easier it is to understand how reasonable the payments are.If there are few lines, the purpose of payments is not disclosed in detail - this is the first reason for suspicion. Typically, the management company deliberately does not disclose the purpose of payments.
For example, if in one line it is written “for general house needs” without explaining what exactly this includes, the amount may be inflated and include services not provided,” warns Valery Novikov, head of the legal support department of the NP Housing and Communal Services Control.
It is worth paying attention to the total amount: if it differs from what it was a month earlier, it is better to carefully check the entire account.
“There are planned increases, we need to keep an eye on them. If there are no such increases, and the payment has become more expensive, you should carefully recalculate it,” says the expert.
Moreover, after the tariff increase (remember, they were raised on July 1), the bill should be checked especially carefully. Management companies and utility suppliers can inflate bills under the guise of a planned increase.
“It happens, for example, that the standards are raised, the same amount is prescribed twice - as a result, the payment is doubled,” says Sergei Vasiliev, chairman of the Moskontrol movement.
What do we pay for
The payment usually consists of a number of mysterious abbreviations, and each region may introduce its own abbreviations. There are several generally accepted ones:HVS DPU- cold water supply (cold water) via household metering devices. If the KPU is indicated, it means that you pay for water using your apartment meter.
DHW DPU- hot water supply ( hot water) on household metering devices.
Cold water for domestic hot water- cold water supply for hot water supply. That is, the cold water that goes for heating is given in another line the price for the heating itself. By adding them up, you get the final price of hot water.
Drainage- water disposal (sewage), used cold and hot water.
Heating basic pl.- heating of the main area.
Sod. and rem. zhp(or soda and repair of living spaces) - maintenance and repair of living space. These are services provided by an apartment building management company for the maintenance and ongoing repairs of common property in an apartment building. That is, if you have this line, it is assumed that order is maintained in your entrance and everything is working. This line may include various services (in-house maintenance engineering equipment, cleaning, routine repairs, garbage removal, concierge services, etc.), if they are not listed in the payment slip, you can contact the Criminal Code for clarification.
In this case, the amount and services included in the receipt must be approved by the decision of the residents themselves at the meeting.
There are also services that citizens do not actually use: for example, paying for an antenna and radio point. They can be waived individually by contacting the Criminal Code with a request to exclude these items from the general account.
Counter or standard
Amounts for individual consumption (utilities used in the apartment) and for general house needs (GN; for example, expenses for heating and lighting of the entrance) in the payment order must be posted in different columns.There are cases when the amount of payment for the use of utilities per person per person exceeded the amount of individual consumption in apartments.
This can happen when payments to ODN are calculated not according to meters, but according to standards (with an increasing factor due to the lack of a meter). To reduce costs, owners must vote at a meeting to install meters. They are installed by resource supply organizations.
Previously, Gazeta.Ru wrote that resource supply organizations often sabotage the installation of meters, since the standards bring them much more income.
If such a problem is discovered, you need to contact the Housing Inspectorate.
Pay attention to square meters and number of residents
You should check whether the area of the apartment is indicated correctly on the payment slip. Based on square meter heating and payments for major repairs are charged. Regional authorities allocate subsidies that compensate for part of the payments, but they operate only within the social norm (in Moscow this is 33 sq. m for one person, 42 sq. m for two), explains Valery Novikov. You will have to pay for housing surpluses.Also, do not rush to register new residents. How more people, the more expensive it will be, for example, for water (if meters are not installed). If one of those registered in the apartment does not live in it for a long time, then a recalculation can be achieved. You just need to prove your absence - for example, bring a certificate from the management company from your real place of residence. The same applies to summer residence at the dacha and long business trips: if the appropriate documents are available, the management company is obliged to recalculate.
New line - major repairs
Calculating how much you should pay for a new service is simple. In Moscow, the monthly fee is 15 rubles. per sq. m. The new line appeared in the capital in July and has already caused a wave of discontent.Earlier, Gazeta.Ru wrote that Muscovites want to conclude an agreement with the Overhaul Fund on their own terms and demand that a number of essential points be taken into account in the agreement. However, so far the practice is not in favor of residents.
You also need to remember that if more than 10% of a family’s income is spent on paying for housing and communal services in Moscow, you can receive government support in the form of subsidies.
In this case, you must contact the regional department of housing subsidies, presenting a certificate of income and a certificate of ownership. At the same time, there should be no excess living space: the established standards are 33 square meters. m per person, 42 sq. m - for two.
What to do if the bill is too high
If it turns out that the bill is inflated, you need to file a complaint with the management company. If she does not answer, you can file a complaint with the Housing Inspectorate (you can also write there immediately, without waiting for a response from the Criminal Code). You can also contact your regional tariff commission.
“The housing inspectorate can be asked to conduct an inspection, on the basis of which a recalculation will be made. If it turns out that the payments were overestimated, then citizens will receive the difference, which will be charged towards future payments,” Novikov explained.
In general, so far the practice of resolving such disputes is in favor of consumers, experts say.
The main thing is to get your way; it’s easier for most to give up if it turns out that they have to pay a hundred rubles more, and such impunity only encourages abuse,” Anshakov warns.
When receiving receipts for utility bills for January of this year, many fell into a stupor when they saw the amount due. And then they asked the question: “Where do such exorbitant sums come from?”
Before explaining what such amounts are made up of, let’s say right away: everyone can use the utility payments calculator for Russian citizens on the website www.fstrf.ru and check whether the amounts in the receipt match the amounts issued by this calculator. If you have any questions about calculations, you can ask them directly on the website of the Tariff Service of the Irkutsk Region.
True, there is an explanation on the website: “The discrepancy between the total amount for utilities accrued by the utility provider according to your payment document and the total amount based on the results of the calculation of the “Utility Payments Calculator” may be due, among other things, to taking into account the volumes of utility resources consumed for general house needs " In other words, due to the fact that the functionality of the “Utility Payments Calculator” does not contain information about the readings of the common house (collective) water meter installed in your home, the discrepancy in the total amount may be due, among other things, to taking into account when forming the payment for the service water supply of volumes of water consumed for general household needs.
But it also says: “In the event of a discrepancy between the amount of payment for a utility service according to your payment document and the result of the calculation of the “Utility Payment Calculator,” you need to contact the provider of utility services (management company, homeowners association, resource supply organization) to receive clarification on the procedure calculating your utility bills."
In the article “The light bulbs in the entrances, it turns out, are gold...” (“Voice of Bratsk” No. 1 (19) January 2014) about electricity costs, we already talked about how to calculate how much one light bulb in the entrance costs and how much the costs are for elevator at the standard entrance.
In this article we will talk about what utility payments consist of.
First you need to understand what utility bills are. And this is water supply (providing you and me with cold and hot water) and water disposal (sewage), providing houses and apartments with electricity and gas, heating.
According to Art. 154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the structure of payments for residential premises and utilities is clearly defined. It includes: services and work for managing an apartment building, use of residential premises (rental fees), maintenance and repairs, and those same utilities. In addition, the resident pays for garbage removal.
In this case, the payment for residential premises in accordance with the norms of housing legislation is determined at a general meeting of owners of residential premises and is fixed in an agreement within the framework of civil law. Thus, the level of payment for residential premises is determined with the direct participation and control of citizens - owners of residential premises in the absence of restrictions on the part of executive authorities.
Utility fees include direct payments for heat supply, cold water supply, hot water supply, sewerage, electricity supply, gas supply. Place lighting common use, sewerage removal does not apply to payments for utility services, but refers to the concept of “maintenance of common property apartment building"and is included in the payment for residential premises.
Recently, the charging system for hot water supply has changed. Previously, the payment for hot water in receipts was indicated in two lines - “Hot water” and “Hot water. ONE.” Now the hot water supply service is divided into two components - coolant and thermal energy. Accordingly, every citizen sees four lines on his receipt that relate to the hot water supply service:
DHW t/n – hot water supply (coolant);
DHW t/e – hot water supply (thermal energy);
DHW (ODN) t/n – hot water supply (coolant) used for general house needs;
DHW (ODN)t/e – hot water supply (thermal energy) used for general house needs.
The coolant (in the receipt – DHW t/n) is heated cold water. Thermal energy (in the receipt ¬ DHW heating) is, in fact, the energy that is used to heat water.
The volume of coolant is measured in the same way as the volume of cold water, in m3 (cubic meters). The volume of thermal energy is measured in the same way as heat, in Gcal (gigacalories).
In receipts for utility bills, the billed volume of water consumption is a value different from the indicators of individual (apartment) metering devices. Where do the “extra” cubic meters of water come from? Tariffs for water and general household needs are not a whim of management companies, but a consequence of the adoption of Law 354, according to which responsible residents will pay for their careless neighbors.
The procedure for calculating the amount of payment for cold and hot water supply, sanitation, taking into account the readings of individual metering devices installed in the apartment, and the common house (collective) metering device installed in the house, is determined by the Rules for the provision of utility services. When calculating payments for cold and hot water supply, the formulas given in Appendix No. 2 to the Rules are used, taking into account the volume (consumption, consumption) of water recorded by a common house meter, distributed among the owners in the manner established by clause 21 of the Rules, and if available in all in the premises of an apartment building, individual or common (apartment) metering devices - in proportion to their readings. In the absence of the specified metering devices, the payment amount is calculated in the manner established by clause 19 of the Rules.
Many people doubt whether the area of the basement and attic spaces is included in the living area of the apartment building? Included: in accordance with the provisions of Part 5 of Art. 15 of the RF Housing Code, the total area of a residential premises consists of the sum of the area of all parts of such premises, including the area of auxiliary premises intended to satisfy citizens' household and other needs related to their residence in residential premises. It is worth noting that the inclusion of a loggia or balcony in the total area of an apartment is unlawful according to Part 5 of Article No. 15 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
Also, many still do not understand why they pay for heating in the summer. It's simple. The fact is that throughout the year we only pay heating season: the cost of heating is divided into 12 equal monthly payments - first of all, to reduce each individual payment for the service, which gives us the opportunity to pay for heating “in installments.” In addition, this payment scheme allows you to plan heating costs. Indeed, even during the heating season, the amount of thermal energy used to heat our homes varies depending on weather conditions: as it gets colder, heating each house requires more and more thermal energy, and as it gets warmer, less and less. This explains the difference between bills for different months.
If we paid for the service only during the heating season and strictly in accordance with the amount of thermal energy that we “received” in each individual month, our one-time payments, firstly, would significantly increase, and secondly, we would pay different amounts each time amounts. This payment mode, for obvious reasons, is not convenient for everyone.
What determines the bills issued to us for heating?
The determining factor is the availability of thermal energy meters. If the house is equipped with such a device, then the procedure for paying for heating will be as follows. First of all, the volume of thermal energy consumed in residential and non-residential premises of an apartment building over the previous year is determined. If the meter worked for only a few months, then the amount of electricity consumed by the house during the period when the meter was not working is calculated based on the conditions specified in the contract with the heat generators.
Next, the resulting volume of consumption is divided by the area of residential and non-residential premises of the apartment building. As a result, we have a consumption volume per 1 m² of total room area. Then the heating fee is calculated per 1 m² of total area: according to the formula Vt × Tt = average monthly volume of thermal energy consumption for heating for the previous year (Gcal/sq. m) × thermal energy tariff established in accordance with the law Russian Federation(RUB/Gcal). Recalculation must be made annually using the specified formula.
Many people still ask the question: “Which is more profitable to pay: by meter or by standard?” Definitely: on the counter! As practice shows, for the majority of residents of our country it is significantly more profitable to pay for utilities according to the meter, rather than according to standards. This is due, for example, to the fact that many of us use much less water and heat energy than the standard “assumes” (since the standard includes a certain average volume of consumption of certain services).
But even if you pay according to the standard, it is not difficult to check whether the standard in the payment slip corresponds to the actual one: the formula for calculating the standard is described in “ Rules for establishing and determining standards for the consumption of utility services"(approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 2006 No. 306).
In addition, many people have a question: should they pay utilities in full if they were on vacation, at the dacha or on a business trip? First of all, a disclaimer should be made here: for all services for which you have meters installed, you always pay only to the extent that you actually used them. Accordingly, if you were away, this will automatically be reflected in the meter readings and you will not have to overpay.
If you do not have meters, in case of absence, you can insist on recalculating payments for the following services: electricity, hot and cold water, sewerage (sewage), gas.
The calculation is made as follows: the calendar days of your absence are subtracted from the total number of days in the corresponding month, with the exception of the day of departure and the day of return.
If the apartment has a low temperature during the heating season and cold water flows instead of hot water, then the fee for poor-quality utilities can be reduced. The rules for the provision of utility services establish a procedure for monitoring the quality of provision of utility services, as well as a procedure for changing the amount of payment for utility services when provision of utility services is of inadequate quality and (or) with interruptions exceeding the established duration. In case of failure to provide utility services or provision of utility services of inadequate quality, the consumer must notify the contractor's emergency dispatch service or other service specified by the contractor.
Now to the question of who installed communal meters in your house and should you pay for their installation? A resource supply organization installed communal metering devices in the houses of the brothers. For almost a whole year, various television and print media have been talking about the fact that by July 1, 2013, all apartment buildings must be equipped with communal metering devices. And the homeowners had to hold a meeting at which to decide: which meters and with the help of which company you will install in your house. Of course, our laziness, lack of concentration and hope for chance played a cruel joke on us: no one wants to go to these meetings, and sees nothing further than their apartment, and shifts responsibility for the common property to the management company, forgetting that each of us is not only the owner of the apartment, but all the residents together - the owners of that very common property, and not the management company at all. Accordingly, by July 1, 2013, not only at home, not all apartments were equipped with metering devices. In this case, according to the law, the resource supplying organization installed communal metering devices in the houses at its own expense. And now it is quite legal to collect debt from you for the cost of meters and their installation. And you must pay for this expense item.
Now let's talk about subsidies: who is entitled to them and how to get them?
In accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, subsidies for paying for living quarters and utilities are provided to citizens if their expenses for paying for living quarters and utilities exceed the regional standard for the maximum permissible share of citizens' own expenses for paying for living quarters and utilities in the total family income .
According to Law No. 5 of the OZ “On the size of regional standards for payment of residential premises and utilities in the Irkutsk region,” the following can count on subsidies:
- pensioners, disabled people who pay more than 7-22% of their total monthly income for an apartment each month (at the same time, you can receive additional benefits in addition to the federal benefit);
- working citizens, if their rent is more than 16-22% of total income;
- large families, if the rent is more than 15% of the total income.
You can apply for such a subsidy through social security or, if you don’t work, through the labor exchange.
Subsidies are provided to these citizens taking into account their family members permanently residing with them. Citizens and members of their families are provided with one subsidy per residential premises in which they are permanently registered. The subsidy is provided for a period of 6 months.
In general, every homeowner must understand: his property is not limited to the boundaries of the apartment - he is a co-owner of the entire house. The management company doesn’t care how much or what you pay the resource supply companies for; it is just an intermediary. But you, as the owner, have the right to check where the extra cubic meters of water go or where heat leaks occur. After all, you, and not the management company, are the owner of the basement, attic and all property of the house.
Some will think that this article is intended to somehow justify the actions of public utilities. No. In fact, this article is intended to help the public protect their legal rights. Moreover, in Bratsk there are already examples where caring and active residents of the house prove that they are right by significantly reducing the amounts on their bills.
One of them is Olga Ivanovna Selina, Chairman of the Council of House No. 22 on Karl-Marx Street. She not only finds out where such numbers in the bills come from, not only recalculates everything herself, she also solves many other issues of the residents of her house. For example, in collaboration with the deputy of her district, Anatoly Loychits, she managed to achieve the expansion of the intra-block passage and the arrangement of a large pocket for parking residents' cars.
In addition, she and her supporters from among the residents of the house managed through the court to get the direct management canceled and the management company returned. Now they are finding out where the general house losses for hot and cold water come from, and are challenging the necessity imposed on them to pay for them.
We approached her, as an active fighter for justice in the housing and communal services sector, with a pressing question for everyone:
— Olga Ivanovna, there are now a lot of complaints regarding the new accrual rules, including for general household needs. And we, unfortunately, have to admit that for the most part all discontent comes from our laziness and our illiteracy. How right are we?
- Absolutely. This comes from the times of developed socialism, when people were accustomed to the fact that someone does everything for them, and someone owes something. A lot of laws are coming out now, and there are good laws. But everyone must fulfill them: first of all, the authorities, which far from fulfill everything, and we, as owners, not only of houses, but as those living in cities and on this Earth, must already understand that everything must depend on our position , and what will happen. And today our society is, to put it mildly, immature. And today all hope is for the youth. As for general house needs, I think that where they installed common house meters, the owners should have been invited and installed. Now the entire city has been transferred to direct management - this is what the local authorities wanted, but people are not ready for this. By law, this must happen when the owners are ready to manage their home and have the desire to do so. But we have no desire, and today the owners have not implemented this rule of law. Because with direct management, all documentation must be transferred to them, they must understand what they must do. And today no one knows who is responsible for these houses. Even the owners themselves often do not know what kind of management they are in. And therefore, management companies are not even managers, but just companies that provide services, but they write contracts as managers and charge us money for management. But even when transferring to such management, in each house, according to the housing code, there is an authorized person, who chose him is unknown, but it should be, and formally there is, even if none of the residents chose him. And when installing common house metering devices, they had to inform that they would install it, that it costs so much, that it will be there, that readings will be taken like this, on such and such dates, these are the first readings, this is the calculation of how you will be charged... And today people pay for those who do not pay, and it is still unknown for whom.
Thus, Olga Selina, a person who actually defends her rights, confirms that with today’s housing legislation, it turns out that saving drowning people is the work of the drowning people themselves.
But soon, namely in June, all residents will again be puzzled by the new column in their receipts: for major renovation, and someone will say that they haven’t heard anything about it, but we wrote about it (“Who is now responsible for the major repairs of houses?”, newspaper “Voice of Bratsk”, February, No. 2(20), 2014). And again people will think: where does their money go? And they disappear into our laziness and unwillingness to understand the numbers and be responsible for something. For some reason, we always forget a wonderful rule of life: the one who walks can master the road!
By order of the Committee on Tariffs and Prices of the Moscow Region dated December 13, 2014 No. 149-R “On setting tariffs for hot water for 2015”, a two-component tariff for hot water was approved on the basis of Resolution of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2013 No. 406 “On state regulation of tariffs in in the field of water supply and sanitation." The procedure for calculating and paying fees for utility services is defined in the Rules for the provision of utility services, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354. Accordingly, the procedure for calculating payments for hot water has been changed. Now the fee for 1 cubic meter of hot water consists of two components:
First- fee for 1 cubic meter of cold water.
Second- payment for thermal energy that was spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water.
The cold water component is the volume of cold water (CW) for hot water supply needs. If there are individual metering devices (meters), this component is determined - according to the readings of the hot water meter (DHW), in the absence individual device accounting - according to the standard, i.e. 3.5 cubic meters per 1 person. per month.
From January 1, 2015, residents apartment buildings in the city of Lyubertsy, which are equipped with common house metering devices, charges for payment for hot water are made according to a two-component tariff: the cold water component for DHW and the thermal energy component for DHW.
Payment for hot water for residents of the house must also be made according to a two-part tariff. The house is equipped with common house hot water metering devices. Payment for hot water from 07/01/2015 must be calculated according to the current two-component tariff: the cold water component for DHW (at a tariff of 33.28 rubles / cubic meter) and the thermal energy (TE) component for DHW at a tariff of 2141.46 rubles ./Gcal.
In receipts for payment for housing and communal services from July 1, 2015, “Hot water supply” is indicated in two lines:
Cold water supply for hot water supply - the volume of cold water (cold water supply) for hot water supply needs;
TE for hot water supply - thermal energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water.
The readings of a common house meter - the amount of hot water for the current month and the amount of thermal energy consumed in the current month for circulation and heating of the specified amount of water are shown on back side receipts, for example, are as follows:
1089.079 cu.m. m. - PV for hot water supply (physical water for hot water supply);
110.732 Gcal. - TE for hot water supply (thermal energy for hot water supply).
The actual amount of thermal energy that is spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water for a home is determined based on the total volume of thermal energy to the total volume of hot water for the current month, which is:
= TE for DHW / PV for DHW = 110.732 Gcal. / 1089.079 cu.m. m. = 0.1017 Gcal/cub.m
then, the actual cost of thermal energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of water in the current month will be:
0.1017 Gcal/cub.m x 2141.46 rub. for 1 Gcal. = 217.79 rub.
Please note that the amount of thermal energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water in each billing month may differ, because is a calculated value and depends on the amount (volume) of hot water consumed by the house in the current month and the amount of thermal energy spent on circulating and heating this volume. Every month, these readings are taken from the general house heat energy meter and transferred to the heat supply organization and at the same time recorded on the back of the receipt for each current month.
