Declension of demonstrative pronouns in German. Declension of pronouns. Exercise on using relative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in German they usually indicate objects or their qualities. They are used, as a rule, with nouns and replace the definite article, performing all its functions, that is, they express the gender, number and case of a given noun.

Demonstrative pronouns in German include:
• dieser, dieses, diese; diese (this, this, this; these);
• jener, jenes, jene; jene (that, that, that; those);
• solcher, solches, solche; solche (such, such, such; such);
• derselbe, dasselbe, dieselbe; dieselben (the same, the same, the same; the same);
• derjenige, dasjenige, diejenige; diejenigen (that, that, that; those);
• der, das, die; die (that, that (this), that; those);
• es (this, this);
• selbst (himself, herself, herself, themselves).

If a noun is used with a demonstrative pronoun dieser (-es, -е; -е), jener (-es, -е; -е), derselbe (dasselbe, dieselbe; dieselben), derjenige (dasjenige, diejenige; diejenigen), then the article is omitted.

Pronouns dieser (-es, -e; -e), jener (-es, -e; -e) inflected like the definite article.

Declension of the pronouns dieser (-es, -е) and jener (-es, -е)
in German

In Nominativ and Akkusativ, the neuter form dies is possible. It can be replaced by the demonstrative pronoun das or es:

Pronoun der (das, die) can be used instead of a noun to avoid its repeated use.

The demonstrative pronoun der (das, die), unlike the article, is pronounced with emphasis. The case forms of the demonstrative pronoun in Genitiv and Dativ differ from the case forms of the article.

Declension of the demonstrative pronoun der (das, die)
in German

If the demonstrative pronoun der (das, die) is used as a correlate (linking word) in the main sentence, then it is translated into Russian by the pronoun “that (that, that, those)”.

Pronoun solcher (-es, -е) in German it is usually used in the singular with indefinite article: ein solcher, ein solches, eine solche or solch ein, solch eine, in plural- without article.

After an indefinite article in the singular and without an article in the plural, the pronoun solcher (-es, -е) is declined as an adjective.

Declension of the pronoun solcher (-es, -е) in German

The demonstrative pronoun solch before the indefinite article has a short, unchangeable form:

The pronoun solcher (-es, -е) in German can replace a noun:

In complex demonstrative pronouns, both parts are declined, with the first part being declined as a definite article, and the second part as an adjective after the definite article:

Demonstrative pronoun es(it) in German should not be confused with personal. The personal pronoun es replaces a neuter noun and can be used in any case. And the demonstrative pronoun es is used only in Nominativ and Akkusativ:

The pronoun selbst should not be confused with the adverb selbst. The adverb selbst comes before the word being explained; it corresponds to the Russian adverb “even”.

In German (as well as in some other languages), nouns are usually preceded by an article - a special function word. The article determines the number, gender, and case of a noun.

There are 2 types of articles: 1) definite, 2) indefinite. Remember the definite article:

Singular, nominative case
der– masculine
die- feminine
das- neuter gender
die(unit, h., f. r.) and das(singular, cf. p.) also denote the accusative case.

For example:

der Arzt doctor
die Tante aunt
das Fenster window

Remember! In German, all nouns are written with a capital letter. With an article, a noun is pronounced together as one word. The emphasis on the article never falls. The article is not translated into Russian.

In the articles masculine and female the vowel is semi-long: der, die, and in the neuter article the vowel is short: das.

Now let’s read the nouns you know from the article.

der ‘Arzt doctor
der 'Mann man
der ‘Bruder brother
die 'Schwester sister
die ‘Vase vase
die 'Tante aunt
das 'Fenster window
das 'Kind child
das 'Zimmer room

From the examples, it becomes obvious that the gender of nouns in Russian and German sometimes does not coincide, and therefore you should remember the noun along with the article, for example: das Kind (cf. gender) child(m. genus), das Zimmer (m. genus) room(female gender), etc.

Articles can be replaced by demonstrative pronouns. They have endings like the article, they also indicate the gender, number, and case of the noun: dieser this(m. genus), diese this(female gender), diesels This(cf. gender), jener That(m. genus), jene that(female gender), jenes That(cf. gender).

The demonstrative pronoun and the noun are pronounced together. As a rule, the noun is stressed.

1. Read the nouns with demonstrative pronouns.

dieser 'Mann diese 'Mutter dieses 'Kind
dieser ‘Arzt diese ‘Vase dieses ‘Fenster

2. Replace the definite article in these sentences with a demonstrative pronoun. Read the sentences out loud. Make sure to use the correct accent.

1. Das ‘Kind’ friert immer. 2. Der ‘Arzt ‘sitzt unten. 3. Die ‘Mutter und der ‘Vater ‘warten unten. 4. Der ‘Tisch ‘steht nah. 5. Die ‘Vase ‘steht da.

3. Rewrite the sentences and put the correct verb endings. Read the sentences out loud.

1. Dieses Kind frag... immer. 2. Wir frier… sehr. 3. Der Bruder wart... unten. 4. Die Tante geh… . 5. Peter and Anna geh… zusammen. 6. Der Vater und die Mutter sitz… zusammen. 7. Dieser Tisch und diese Vase steh… da.

4. Check if you know the gender of these nouns. Write them with the definite article and then with the demonstrative pronoun.

Fenster, Arzt, Mutter, Kind, Mann, Tisch, Vater, Zimmer, Bruder

5. Translate into German.

1. The table is close. 2. Father is waiting. 3. He is standing below. 4. Brother loves to study. 5. They always walk together, 6. Mother and aunt sit and wait. 7. This man dances very well.

6. Read the following combinations, remember the rules for reading the phrase: demonstrative pronoun + noun.

jener ‘Arzt, jener ‘Bruder, jener ‘Mann, jener ‘Tisch
jene 'Mutter, jene 'Tante, jene 'Vase
jenes 'Kind, jenes 'Fenster, jenes 'Zimmer

7. Translate into German.

1. This man and this child. That man and that child. 2. This room and this window. That room and that window. 3. This table and this vase. That table and that vase.

Keys

3. 1. fragt 2. frieren 3. warten 4. geht 5. gehen 6. sitzen 7. stehen

4. das Fenster - dieses Fenster, der Arzt - dieser Arzt, die Mutter - diese Mutter, das Kind - dieses Kind, der Mann - dieser Mann, der Tisch - dieser Tisch, der Vater - dieser Vater, das Zimmer - dieses Zimmer, der Bruder - dieser Bruder

5. 1. Der Tisch steht nah. 2. Der Vater wartet. 3. Er steht unten. 4. Der Bruder studiert germ. 5. Sie gehen immer zusammen. 6. Die Mutter und die Tante sitzen und warten. 7. Dieser Mann tanzt sehr gut.

When considering the declension of pronouns (places) in the German language, it is necessary to understand that different classes pronouns are declined differently, so we will consider them in groups.

In German, there are reciprocal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative and relative, indefinite pronouns.

Declension of personal places.

To personal places. (Personalpronomen) refer to places. ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie. Personal pronouns have the same cases as nouns and answer the same questions.

Returnable seats. sich used in sentences when the subject and object of the action are the same person. For example, I’m combing my hair = I’m combing myself – Ich käme mich. Returnable seats. sich is used only in the Dative and Accusative cases. And for places. ich, du, wir, ihr the usual case forms of personal places are used as reflexives, and for er, sie, es, sie the form sich is used. Which case of the pronoun should be used depends on the verb and on the question to the object that can be posed: Ich wasche mich (Wen wasche ich? – Akkusativ). Ich wasche mir die Hände (Wem wasche ich die Hände? – Dativ).

However, as we see, differences in the Accusative and Dative cases exist only in the first and second persons singular, that is, in the pronouns ich and du.

Class reciprocal pronouns in German it is represented by only one word - einander. This pronoun is not declined, i.e. all cases coincide with the nominative case form.

Declension of possessives.

Possessive places. express the belonging of an object to a person. This class of pronouns includes mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer, ihr. Since this object can be masculine, feminine or neuter, or there can be several of them, then possessive places. also have gender and number: mein Freund, meine Karte, mein Auto, meine Verwandten, etc. They decline like adjectives.

In a similar way inclination and index places. dieser (diese, dieses, diese), jener (jene, jenes, jene), solcher (solche, solches, solche), der, die, das, die(not to be confused with articles), selbst, derjenige (diejenige, dasjenige, diejenige), derselbe (dieselbe, dasselbe, dieselbe). They also change by gender, number and case.

Declension of index places. der, die, das, die.

The use of the plural form of the Genitive case, i.e. deren/derer, depends on the position of the word to which the demonstrative place refers: if the defined noun precedes the demonstrative pronoun, then the form deren is used, but if the defined noun comes after the place., then derer is used:

Mein Freund und deren Eltern kommen nächste Woche nach Berlin.

Die Zahl derer, wer unter Mangel an Trinkwasser leidet, wird immer mehr steigen.

Declension of pronouns dieser, jener.

Particular attention should be paid to the declination of places. derselbe and derjenige, since the first part of them is declined as an article, and the second as an adjective.

When declining seats. Solcher needs to be very careful. This place. usually used with the indefinite article ein. If it comes before an article, it is not inflected:

Ich träume von solch einem Auto.

Mein Bruder hat solch ein Handy.

If it comes after the article, it is conjugated as an adjective in a similar position:

Ich träume von einem solchen Auto.

Mein Bruder hat ein solches Haus.

Location selbst, selber do not bow at all.

To relative places. relate der (die, das, die), welcher (welche, welches, welche). It is necessary to distinguish between indicative places. der (die, das, die) from similar relatives. Indicative places. emphatically point to some object, usually stand before a noun, but are relative places. describe some object, usually come after nouns and form subordinate clauses. But they decline in the same way, with the exception of the plural form of the Genitive case.

When studying the shapes of places. welcher please Special attention to the Genitive case.

A very large group is indefinite places: man, jemand, irgendwer, irgendjemand, niemand, etwas, nichts, alles, einer (eines, eins, eine), keiner (keine, keins, keine), aller (alle, alles, alle), jeder (jede , jedes, jede), mancher (manche, manches, manche), mehrere.

Location man, jemand, irgendwer, irgendjemand, niemand are used only in relation to animate objects.

Location etwas, nichts, alles are used only in relation to inanimate subjects. They don't bow down. Sometimes in the meaning of unspecified places. seats can be used. welch-, but only in the Nominative and Accusative cases and only in colloquial speech.

Pronouns einer (eines, eins, eine), keiner (keine, keins, keine), aller (alle, alles, alle), jeder (jede, jedes, jede), mancher (manche, manches, manche), mehrere can refer to both animate and inanimate nouns.

The pronoun mehrere exists only in the plural.

When considering the declension of pronouns in German, it is worth mentioning interrogative places, but there is no need to go deeper here. There are only a few of them: wer, was, wem, wen, was für einen(eine, ein), wessen. They are used only in these forms indicated by us, which, in fact, are already case forms, so they don’t bow. Location welchen (welche, welches, welche), used as an interrogative, is declined in the same way as the relative (see above).

Demonstrative pronouns are used to emphasize something.

• Yes, pronouns dieser/diese/dieses(this, this, this) and jener/jene/jenes(that, that, that) are used to indicate a specific object or several specific objects from a group. For example: Welches Auto möchten Sie kaufen, diesels oder jenes? Which car do you want to buy, this one or that one? Welches Kleid soll ich anziehen? – Dieses. What dress should I wear? - This. In colloquial speech, the expressions usually used instead of jener/jene/jenes der/die/das da or der/die/das dort. For example: Möchten Sie diese Schuhe anprobieren? – Nein, lieber die dort. Do you want to try these boots? - No, those over there are better.
• Demonstrative pronouns der/die/das are often used to replace a noun if it is necessary to emphasize that we are talking about this particular object or creature. In this case, they are usually translated into Russian by a personal pronoun.
  For example: Wer ist der Junge? – Das Weiß ich nicht. Den kenne ich nicht. Who is that boy? - I don't know. I don't know him. Demonstrative pronouns der/die/das inflected like relative pronouns. You need to pay attention to this in the dative plural. For example: Wie geht es Jan und Linda? – Keine Ahnung, von denen habe ich lange nichts gehört. How are things going with Ian and Linda? - I have no idea, I haven’t heard anything about them for a long time.
• In demonstrative pronouns derjenige/diejenige(n) ( that/that/those, (who)) and derselbe/dieselbe/dasselbe(the same/the same/the same, one/the same/the same) the first part (der/die/das) is inflected as a definite article, and the second as an adjective after the definite article. For example: Derjenige, der das Rätsel zuerst löst, bekommt einen Preis. The first one to solve the riddle will receive a prize.
  Der Preis wird an denjenigen vergeben, der das Rätsel löst. The prize will be given to the one who solves the riddle.
  Hat sie einen neuen Freund? – Nein, es ist derselbe Wie neulich. Does she have a new boyfriend? - No, it's the same one as before.

• In addition, demonstrative pronouns can be used in conjunction with a noun to emphasize that we are talking about that object and no other. They differ from the definite article in that they are stressed.
  For example: Mit der Kleidung kommst du nicht in den Club! You won't be able to get into this club in these clothes.

  In other clothes you would have ended up in this club; Perhaps in these clothes you would get into another club, but in these clothes you will not be allowed into this particular club.

Demonstrative pronouns are: dieser, jener, solcher, so (solch) ein, ein solcher, der, derjenige, derselbe, das, es, selbst, selber .

Demonstrative pronouns dieser "this one", jener "that one", solcher "such" are used for the most part as agreed upon definitions; they are inflected like the definite article:

Demonstrative pronouns so ( solch) ein And ein solcher "such" have only a singular number, are used in the plural solche ; in a sentence these pronouns appear for the most part as a definition.

Pronoun ein solcher inflected in the singular as an adjective with an indefinite article; in the plural, as already indicated, it is used solche.

Demonstrative pronoun der (die,das;die) in the role of a determiner, it is declined before a noun like a definite article and mostly acts as a correlate (correlative word) with a noun followed by a attribute subordinate clause: HierkönnenSiegeradedieNovellelesen,diederKritikerinseinemArtikelerwähnthat.- Here you can read exactly (that) short story that the critic mentioned in his article.

In the demonstrative pronouns derjenige “that” and derselbe “the same”, both parts change when declined: the first is declined as a definite article, the second as an adjective after the definite article.

Demonstrative pronouns derjenige And derselbe used a) as an agreed definition: DasistdasselbeBuch.- This isthatorthe mostbook: Er macht ein und denselben Fehler.- HedoesoneAndthatorerror; Diejenigen Studenten, die am Zirkel teilnehmen wollen, sollen sich melden - Thosestudents, towhichwantworkVmug, mustsign up. b) as subject and object: Diejenigen, die am Zirkel teilnehmen wollen, sollen sich melden.-Those who want to work in the circle must sign up.Dasselbehabeichgesagt. - That's what I said.

Demonstrative pronouns das And es - nominative and accusative case singular; they are the subject or object of a sentence; das And es indicate an object or a whole fact: Das (nominative)isteineSchule.Es (nominative) ist eine Schule. - Thisschool; Das (nominative) ist sehr wichtig. Es (nominative) ist sehr wichtig. - ThisVeryimportant; Ich weiß das (accusative). Ichweißes (accusative). - I know that.

Das And es not used with prepositions; Instead of this combination, a pronominal adverb is used: I'm working hard on this. -Icharbeitevieldaran.

After prepositions, verbs and adjectives requiring the genitive case, the form is used dessen(i.e. gender unit): stattdessen - instead,informationdessen - as a result of this.Eristdessenwürdig.- He deserves it. Pronoun das also has the shape dative case, but only in stable combinations: Wiedemauchsei,dieSachemußbeendetwerden.- Be that as it may, the matter must be completed.

Demonstrative pronouns selbst, selber - myself (herself,itself; themselves) do not change: Ermastesselbst (selber).- Hewill doThismyself. Siemacht es selbst (selber).- Shewill doThisherself; Sie machen es selbst (selber).- They will do it themselves.

To be distinguished from pronoun selbst "himself" adverb selbst "even". They differ in their position in the sentence; The adverb selbst “even” comes before the word it refers to: Selbsterwilddasverstehen.- EvenHewill understandThis. Wed.: Er wird das selbst verstehen.- He will understand it himself.

Demonstrative pronouns can be used as a replacement for a noun.

Dieser, jener used instead of a noun, are translated into Russian by the demonstrative pronoun “that” or the corresponding noun (less often a personal pronoun): MaxbegrüßteseinenProfessordiesergabihmdieHand.- Max greeted his professor, and he (professor, he) gave him his hand.

When comparing dieser translated by the words “last”, “second”, and jener - the word “first”: Gesterntrafen 20ArbeitervondenBuna-WerkenundzweiStudentendelegationenausLeipzigein.JenestiegenimbestenHotelderSladtab;diesewerdenimStudentenheimdesPädagogischenInstitutesWohnen. - Yesterday 20 workers from the Buna plant and two student delegations from Leipzig arrived. The first ones stayed in the best hotel in the city, the last ones (the second ones) will live in the student dormitory of the Pedagogical Institute.

Demonstrative pronoun der ( die, das; die) , used instead of a noun, is declined as follows:

Rules for translating demonstrative pronouns into Russian :

a) If after the demonstrative pronoun der ( die, das die) the noun is in the genitive or with a preposition von, used synonymously with the genitive, as well as with any other preposition, the demonstrative pronoun when translated into Russian is replaced by the corresponding noun: UnsinterestingIhreMeinungunddieIhrerKollegen (=unddievonIhrenKollegen).- UsinterestedyoursopinionAndopinionyoursemployees. Die Erinnerung an ihn ist für mich immer mit der an seine Mutter verknüpft.- The memory of him is always associated with the memory of his mother.

b) Demonstrative pronoun der ( die, das; die) in the genitive case ( dessen, deren) in the role of a definition when translated into Russian, it is replaced by the corresponding noun or possessive pronoun: DaistProfessorSchulzmitseinemAssistantunddessenFrau.- Here is Professor Schultz with his assistant and his wife (or: and the assistant’s wife). Compare: Da ist Professor Schulz mit seinem Assistenten und seiner Frau.- Here is Professor Schulz with his assistant and his wife.DieMaschinehatzweiSchalter.Informierensich überderenZweck! - The car has two switches. Check out their purpose!

Thus, dessen replaces a masculine or neuter noun, deren - feminine noun or plural noun; Moreover, this replaced noun is usually closer than others to phrases with dessen, deren.

V) der ( die, das; die) in the role of a correlate in the main sentence it is translated into Russian using that, that, then; those: Dasistder,vondemichIhnenerzählthabe.- This is the one I told you about.ErklärenSiedasdenen , diedasnothingverstehen. - Explain this to those who don't understand.Das Schicksal derer die keine Eltern haben, ist nicht leicht.-Fatethose, ywhomNoparents, Noteasy. Werdastutderhandeltverantwortungslos.- Who does it , (he) acts irresponsibly.