Ekaterina Annenkova, an auditor certified by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, an expert in accounting and taxation at Clerk.Ru news agency. Photo by B. Maltsev IA Clerk.Ru
Currently, more and more organizations and individual entrepreneurs use the services of leasing companies. Leasing agreements (financial lease agreements) are especially often concluded in cases where it is necessary to acquire expensive assets for commercial activities.
To meet such economic needs, a significant amount of free cash is required, the presence of which far from all companies can boast of. In addition, even if an organization has cash at the moment, this does not always mean that it has the opportunity to use it to invest in high-value assets, because. working capital is necessary for companies to fully carry out their current business activities.
Thus, the need to acquire expensive assets leads to the fact that the company's management begins to consider the possibility of attracting financing for the acquisition of such assets. One of these possibilities is the conclusion of a financial lease agreement (leasing agreement).
Civil legal relations under leasing agreements are regulated by the provisions of:
- Federal Law "On Financial Leasing" dated October 29, 1998 No. No. 164-FZ,
- § 6 of the Civil Code (Art. 665-670).
- buildings and constructions;
- equipment and vehicles;
- enterprises and other property complexes;
- other movable and immovable property,
The accounting procedure for leasing operations is regulated by the “Instructions on the reflection in accounting of operations under a leasing agreement”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 17.02.1997. No. 15. Tax accounting for expenses related to leasing operations is regulated by the provisions of Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Despite the fact that leasing is similar to lending, accounting and tax accounting for leasing operations is different from accounting for expenses on borrowings.
Interest expenses paid on loan obligations are accepted within the limits established by the provisions of Article 269 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, while lease payments completely reduce the taxable base for income tax, without any restrictions. In addition, companies pay and, accordingly, reimburse VAT on leasing operations.
In the financial statements, the debt under the leasing agreement is not reflected in the balance sheet liability as part of borrowed funds and does not worsen its performance.
Note:Subject to the conditions established by the requirements of paragraph 2 of Article 259.3 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, depreciation of leased property for tax accounting purposes can be calculated using a multiplying coefficient (not higher than 3).
The article will consider the features of depreciation of leased property and the procedure for determining its initial cost for the purposes of tax accounting.
Depreciation of leased property
Recall that in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 256 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, depreciable property for income tax purposes is recognized:- property,
- results of intellectual activity,
- other objects of intellectual property,
In the case of leased property, it does not matter who owns the ownership of it.
Since, in accordance with paragraph 10 of Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, property received (transferred) for financial lease under a financial lease agreement (leasing agreement) is included in the appropriate depreciation group (subgroup) by the party for which this property should be accounted for in accordance with with the terms of the leasing agreement.
Based on clause 1 of article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, depreciable property is distributed among depreciation groups in accordance with its useful life. The useful life is the period during which an item of fixed assets or an item of intangible assets serves to fulfill the objectives of the taxpayer's activity. Useful life is determined by the taxpayer on one's own as of the date of commissioning of this depreciable property in accordance with the provisions of this article and taking into account the classification of fixed assets approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.01.2002. No. 1.
Depreciable property is property with a useful life of more than 12 months and an initial cost of more than 40,000 rubles.
Note:Leased property, worth less 40 000 rub., included in depreciable property for income tax purposes does not turn on!
The Federal Tax Service of Russia recalls this in its Letter dated 16.04.2012. №ED-4-3/ [email protected]"On the procedure for accounting for the purposes of taxation of profits by the lessor of the costs of acquiring property worth less than 40,000 rubles":
“The Federal Tax Service on the issue of accounting for the purposes of taxation of the profit of the costs of the lessor organization for the acquisition of property worth less than 40,000 rubles, which will be leased under a leasing agreement, in agreement with the Ministry of Finance of Russia (letter from the Department of Tax and Customs - Tariff Policy dated 03.23. 2012 N 03-03-10/27) reports the following.
The specified property for the purposes of Chapter 25 "Corporate Income Tax" of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Code) does not apply to depreciable property, because it does not meet the criteria for depreciable property established by paragraph 1 of Article 256 of the Code.”
The provisions of Article 259.3 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation established that when calculating the depreciation of leased property, taxpayers entitled apply special rates. If the taxpayer is going to exercise this right, then he needs to fix this in the accounting policy for the purposes of tax accounting of the organization.
Based on the provisions of subparagraph 1, paragraph 2, article 259.3, taxpayers have the right to apply a special coefficient to the basic depreciation rate, but not higher than 3:
- in relation to depreciable fixed assets that are the subject of a leasing agreement (for taxpayers for whom these fixed assets are taken into account in accordance with the terms of the leasing agreement).
At the same time, it must be remembered that the indicated special coefficient does not apply to objects of leased property belonging to the first - third depreciation groups.
Accordingly, the special coefficient does not apply to property with a useful life of 5 years or less*.
* In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.01.2002 No. No. 1 "On the Classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups"
1-3 depreciation groups include property with a useful life of 1 to 5 years inclusive.
When calculating depreciation for accounting purposes, it is possible to apply the accelerated depreciation coefficient (but not higher than 3) in accordance with the provisions of clause 9 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 17.02.1997. No. 15 “On the reflection in accounting of operations under a leasing agreement”. However, in accounting, in accordance with clause 19 of PBU 6/01, the use of an accelerated depreciation coefficient is possible only depreciation using the reducing balance method.
Despite the fact that using the declining balance method and the multiplying factor 3 when calculating depreciation for accounting purposes, it is possible to reduce the tax burden on property tax, this method of accrual is not very popular.
There are two reasons for this:
- Firstly, the use of this method is very laborious,
- secondly, in tax accounting, depreciation cannot be charged in this way, because. it is not provided for by tax law.
- linear method;
- non-linear method (which is different from the reducing balance method for accounting purposes).
Note:The increasing coefficient is applied throughout the entire period of depreciation and cannot be changed, since the possibility of changing the size of the coefficient during the period of depreciation of leased property is not provided for by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of February 11, 2011 No. 03-03-06 / 1/93).
In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 322 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the amount of depreciation accrued for one month on depreciable property is determined as follows:
- When applied non-linear depreciation method as part of depreciation groups (subgroups):
- When applied linear depreciation method:
Initial cost of the leased property
The procedure for the formation of the initial cost of leasing property for tax purposes is determined by the provisions of Article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The third paragraph of paragraph 1 of Article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation is devoted to this procedure.So, in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the initial cost of the property that is the subject of leasing is recognized lessor's expenses:
- for its purchase
- building,
- delivery,
- manufacturing and bringing to a state in which it is suitable for use,
Please note that the above requirements for the procedure for determining the initial cost of leased property are the same and do not depend on which of the parties to the lease agreement (lessor or lessee) has leased property on its balance sheet.
Thus, in order to correctly reflect leasing operations in tax accounting, the lessee in any case needs to obtain from the lessee:
- primary documents confirming the amount of the initial cost of the leased asset.
The above requirements of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation mean that no expenses incurred by the lessee* if they are not compensated by the lessor (and, accordingly, are not included by the lessor in the initial cost of the leased property), do not increase the initial cost of the leased asset.
* We are talking about expenses directly related to leased property, which, if the organization acquired the assets by itself, would form their initial cost, for example:
- delivery,
- installation,
- commissioning works,
- and so on.
“In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), the initial cost of the property that is the subject of leasing is the amount of the lessor's expenses for its acquisition, construction, delivery, manufacture and bringing it to the state in which it is suitable for use, with the exception of the amounts of taxes subject to deductible or accounted for as expenses in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
In view of the above lessee's expenses, related to commissioning of leased property produced in accordance with the terms of the leasing agreement, not included in the initial cost of depreciable property.
These expenses can be taken into account for the purposes of taxation of the organization's profits, provided they meet the criteria established by Art. 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, on the basis of the relevant provisions of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
It should be borne in mind that in accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 256 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, when making inseparable improvements to the leased premises with the consent of the lessor, these capital investments are recognized as depreciable property subject to depreciation in accordance with the provisions of Art. Art. 256 - 259.3 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
A similar position was expressed by the Ministry of Finance in the Letter dated 27.07.2012. No. 03-03-06/1/363:
“It follows from the letter that the leased property is recorded on the lessor's balance sheet. The lessee bears the costs of bringing the equipment received by him on lease to a condition in which it is suitable for operation.
In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), the initial cost of property that is the subject of leasing is the amount of the lessor's expenses for its acquisition, construction, delivery, manufacture and bringing it to a state in which it is suitable for use.
Thus, the expenses of the lessee for bringing the equipment received by him on lease to a condition in which it is suitable for operation, not included in the initial cost of the leased asset.
These expenses are included by the lessee in other expenses related to production and sale, subject to the criteria established by Art. 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
When applying the accrual method, taking into account the provisions of paragraph 1 of Art. 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the accounting policy applied by the taxpayer, the expenses of the lessee to bring the equipment received by him on lease to the state in which it is suitable for operation may be included in the tax base for income tax, taking into account the principle of uniform recognition of income and expenses.
In this case, if the lease agreement falls on more than one reporting (tax) period, these expenses are taken into account for profit tax purposes. in equal installments during the term of the lease agreement.»
How to take into account the costs incurred by the lessee at his own expense, related to the leased property, in tax accounting, the taxpayer decides independently.
At the same time, it is necessary to remember the general approaches and principles of organizing tax accounting, as well as the requirements and rules of tax legislation.
In addition, the chosen methodology for accounting for such expenses must be described (preferably in detail so that everything is clear and understandable to all users) in the accounting policy of the organization for tax accounting purposes.
If the expenses are insignificant, they can be taken into account as part of other expenses (not forgetting documentary evidence and economic feasibility).
But if the amounts are serious enough, then the one-time accounting of such expenses will not meet with the approval of the inspectors.
- or as inseparable improvements,
- or as other expenses related to the leasing agreement, proportionally during the term of the agreement.
Ekaterina Annenkova, auditor certified by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, expert in accounting and taxation of IA "Clerk.Ru"
Consider the option of accounting for the lessee, when the car is listed on its balance sheet.
A car received under a leasing agreement is taken into account as an object of fixed assets. The initial cost of the car will be equal to the sum of all payments under the leasing agreement (excluding VAT) (clause 8 PBU 6/01). Its useful life will be set as the term of the contract (clause 20 PBU 6/01).
If the car is repurchased at the end of the leasing agreement under a separate sale and purchase agreement, then it will be reflected at the redemption value:
- or as an inventory, if the object does not meet the criteria for fixed assets provided for (clause 4 PBU 6/01);
- or as an asset.
Example of accounting for a leasing car
The trade organization received a car on lease. The total amount of lease payments under the agreement is RUB 1,800,000, incl. VAT 20%, and is calculated for 3 years. Settlements under the contract are carried out monthly. The redemption value of the property is 36,000 rubles, incl. VAT 20%. The car is listed on the balance sheet of the lessee. Depreciation on the car is charged on a straight-line basis.
We will show how accounting is kept by the lessee during leasing in this case:
| Operation | Account debit | Account credit | Amount, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Car credited (1 800 000 * 100% / 120%) | 1 500 000-00 | ||
| The VAT presented by the lessor is taken into account | 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors", sub-account "Lease obligations" | 300 000-00 | |
| Vehicle put into service | 01 "Fixed assets" | 08 "Investments in non-current assets" | 1 500 000-00 |
| Reflected monthly lease payment (1 800 000 / 36) | 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors", sub-account "Lease obligations" | 50 000-00 | |
| Leasing payment transferred | 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors", sub-account "Debt on lease payments" | 51 "Settlement accounts" | 50 000-00 |
| VAT on leasing payment accepted for deduction | 19 "VAT on acquired valuables" | 8 333-33 | |
| Monthly depreciation charged (1 500 000,00/36) | 44 Selling costs | 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" | 41 666,67 |
| The car was registered at the redemption value | 10 "Materials" | 30 000-00 | |
| Reflected VAT on the purchase price | 19 "VAT on acquired valuables" | 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" | 6 000-00 |
| Purchase price paid for car | 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" | 51 "Settlement accounts" | 36 000-00 |
| VAT on the purchase price is deductible | 68 "Calculations for taxes and fees" | 19 "VAT on acquired valuables" | 6 000-00 |
Tax accounting for the lessee
In the tax accounting of the lessee, the cost of the car will be determined as the sum of the costs of the lessor for its acquisition. This requires the lessee to document the costs incurred by the lessor. There will be a difference between the initial cost of the car in accounting and tax accounting.
The useful life of the car will be set in accordance with the rules of the Tax Code.
At the same time, since the lessee takes into account depreciation on leased property in income tax expenses, he can additionally take into account only the difference between the lease payment and the amount of accrued depreciation in other expenses (clause 10 clause 1 article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
The redemption value is taken into account after the transfer to the organization of ownership of the car in the following order (clause 1, article 254, clause 1, article 256 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation):
- if the redemption value is less than 100,000 rubles, then the organization recognizes material costs;
- if the cost exceeds 100,000 rubles, then the acquisition of a separate item of fixed assets is reflected.
In practice, leasing agreements usually provide for the accounting of leased property on the balance sheet of the lessor. This situation is well described, and accounting for leasing transactions rarely raises questions from accountants. At the same time, although much less often, there are leasing agreements, under the terms of which the leased property is accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessee. In this case, accounting, especially for the lessee, becomes much more complicated, and accountants have many questions. In this article, we will try to figure out how it is correct for the accountant of the lessee, who takes into account the leased property on his balance sheet under the terms of the agreement, to reflect transactions for the purposes of accounting and tax accounting.
It should be noted that leasing agreements of this type can be of two variants.
OptionI: according to the terms of the agreement, at the end of the leasing period, the fixed assets are transferred to the ownership of the lessee without additional payments. Lease payment includes rent and redemption value. The asset becomes the property of the lessee under a leasing agreement.
Note : If the contract does not define the redemption value at all, which is part of the lease payments, it must be fixed in the Supplementary Agreement to the contract, otherwise problems arise in accounting for lease payments as expenses for income tax.
OptionII: the contract defines the redemption value of fixed assets, at which the lessee, at the end of the leasing period, has the right to acquire the fixed assets into ownership. The redemption takes place under a separate sale and purchase agreement. The lease payment includes the rent and does not includeredemption value.
At the end of the term of the lease agreement, the fixed asset becomes the property of the lessee under a contract of sale.
Note:
- Accounting difference between VariantIand OptionIIarises only when transferring funds to the lessor. In the first option, the monthly payment includes the amount of rent and part of the redemption value, and in the second option - only the rent. The redemption value is paid after the payment of all lease payments under a separate sale and purchase agreement. All other calculations and accounts are carried out in the same way both in accounting and in tax accounting.
Initial data of the Example:
The fixed asset under the leasing agreement is accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessee.
The reporting period is a month.
The term of the lease agreement is 10 months.
Accelerated depreciation rates are not applied.
The useful life is 72 months in both BU and NU. Depreciation rate per month: 1: 72 months x 100% = 1.38889%
The initial cost of fixed assets in the BU is formed taking into account the redemption value and amounts to 1,200,000 rubles.
The amount of depreciation per month according to the BU: 1,200,000. x 1.38889% \u003d 16,666.67 rubles.
The amount of depreciation per month for NU: 800,000 rubles. x 1.38889% \u003d 11,111.11 rubles.
Below is a table with the main operations that the lessee's accountant should reflect in accounting and tax accounting.
| the name of the operation | Accounting (BU) | Base | Tax accounting (NU) | Base (NU) | Differences in BU and NU |
| Fixed asset (OS) - on the balance sheet of the lessee | |||||
| Reflected in the accounting of the initial cost of the OS. In the month of acceptance of the leasing asset from the lessor. | Debit 08 Loan 76"Lease obligations" The cost of fixed assets accounted for by the lessee is equal to the amount of lease payments for the entire period of the contract, excluding VAT, including the redemption value, - 1 200 000 rub. | Order of the Ministry of Finance dated February 17, 1997. No. 15, paragraph 8. “On the reflection in accounting of transactions under a leasing agreement” | Fixed assets are included in depreciable assets. The cost is estimated by the amount of the acquisition costs according to the lessor. | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 257, paragraph 1 | 1 200 000 rub. - 800 000 rub. = 400,000 rubles. |
| OS launched. In the month of OS commissioning. | Debit 01"Leased Property" Credit 08"Acquisition of individual OS objects" 1 200 000 rub. | ||||
| The lease payment has been made. According to the schedule of payment of leasing payments (monthly) | Debit 76 Loan 51"Checking account" (115,000 rubles + 20,700 rubles) \u003d 135,700 rubles. Total for the entire period of the contract 1,357,000 rubles. | ||||
| Leasing payments have been made. (monthly) | Debit 76"Lease obligations" Loan 76"Debt on lease payments" Amount of leasing payments for the reporting period without VAT Total for the entire contract period RUB 1,150,000 | ||||
| Input VAT included. In each period according to the schedule of accrual of leasing payments | Debit 19"VAT on the purchase of goods and materials" Loan 76"Debt on lease payments" VAT on the amount of lease payments Total for the entire period of the contract 207,000 rubles. | Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000. No. 94n. Chart of accounts. | |||
| The organization determines independently from 3 options: 1) expected period of use 2) the expected period of physical wear and tear 3) term of the leasing agreement * According to the example- | Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 30.03.01. No. 26n, paragraph 20. RAS 6/01 | The organization determines the service life of fixed assets in accordance with the depreciation group for the Classification of fixed assets, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 258, paragraph 10 | Difference in SPI (possible). | |
1.3889% per month. | Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 30.03.01. No. 26n, paragraph 19. RAS 6/01 | based on the depreciation method. 1.3889% per month. | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 259 | ||
| Depreciation is charged. Monthly. | Debit 20, 26, 44 Loan 02 Based on the method and rate of depreciation. Starting from the month following the acceptance of fixed assets in leasing. RUB 16,666.67 Total for the entire contract period (16,666.67x 10 months).= RUB 166,666.70 | Order of the Ministry of Finance dated February 17, 1997. No. 15, paragraph 9 | Starting from the month following the OS commissioning. RUB 11,111.11 Total for the entire contract period (11 111.11x 10 months = RUB 111,111.10 | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 259 | Monthly depreciation difference.** Monthly RUB 16,666.67 - RUB 11,111.110 \u003d 5,555.56 rubles. |
| Acceptable for VAT. In each period according to the schedule of accrual of leasing payments | Debit 68"Calculations with the budget for VAT" Credit 19"VAT on the purchase of goods and materials" The amount of VAT related to the amount of the lease payment for the month Total for the entire period of the contract RUB 207,000 | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 172 | |||
| Reflected the cost of leasing payments | The amount of monthly (lease) lease payments minus depreciation 115 000 rub. - RUB 11,111.11 = RUB 103,888.89 Total for the entire contract period RUB 1,038,888.9 | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 264, paragraph 1, subparagraph 10 | Difference in other expenses for NU. Monthly RUB 103,888.89 |
||
| OS purchased. VAT presented by the lessor is reflected on the redemption value. | Debit 76"Lease obligations" Loan 51"Checking account" Debit 19"VAT on OS acquisition" Loan 76"Lease obligations" | ||||
| The right of ownership passed at the end of the lease agreement (after 10 months). | Debit 01"Own OS" Loan 01"Leased property" Initial cost: the amount of lease payments, incl. redemption value. 1 200 000 rub. | Purchase price under the contract. NU reflects the disposal of fixed assets received on lease: In the amount of the original cost 800 000 rubles; In the amount of accrued depreciation - (11,111.11 * 10 months) = - 111,111.10 rubles and the acquisition of fixed assets in ownership at the redemption value (see below). | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 257, paragraph 1 | The difference in the initial cost of the OS. 1 200 000 rub. - 50 000 rub. = 1 150 000 rub. The difference in the amount of depreciation accrued for 10 months RUB 5,555.56*10 months= RUB 55,555.6 |
|
| VAT on the redemption value and is deductible on the basis of the lessor's SF. | Debit 68"Calculations with the budget for VAT" Credit 19"VAT on OS acquisition" The amount of VAT related to the purchase price. | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 172 | |||
| Formation of the residual value of own fixed assets. | Debit 02"Depreciation of property received on lease" Loan 02"Depreciation of fixed assets" RUB 16,666.67 x 10 months = 166,666.70 rubles. | Order of the Ministry of Finance dated February 17, 1997. No. 15, paragraph 11 | The leased OS is retired. The new value of fixed assets is formed in the amount of the redemption value under the contract. | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 257, paragraph 1 | The difference in the residual value of the OS. (1,200,000 rubles - 166,666.70 rubles) - 50,000 rubles. = RUB 983,333.30 |
| The useful life of fixed assets (SPI) has been established. | The SPI is installed at a time upon receipt of the fixed asset in leasing (a new one is not installed). Remaining DPI = 72 months - 10 months = 62 months | The service life of fixed assets acquired in ownership, the organization determines in accordance with the depreciation group according to the Classification of fixed assets, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. 72 months *** | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 258, paragraph 10 | Difference in SPI. 72 months - 62 months = 10 months |
|
| The depreciation rate of fixed assets is determined. | The norm is set at a time upon receipt of fixed assets in leasing. | Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 30.03.01. No. 26n, paragraph 23. RAS 6/01 | Based on the depreciation method for the newly acquired asset. | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 259 | Difference in depreciation rate (possible). |
| Depreciation of own fixed assets is charged. Monthly. | Debit 20, 26, 44"Costs of production and circulation" Loan 02"Depreciation of fixed assets" Based on the method and rate of depreciation determined upon receipt of fixed assets on lease (depreciation continues to be charged in the same manner). RUB 16,666.67 Total during JFS 16,666.67*62 months= RUB 1,033,333.54 | Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 30.03.01. No. 26n, paragraph 21, 23. PBU 6/01 | Based on the method and rate of depreciation. Starting from the month following the commissioning of your own OS. Total during JFS | Tax Code of the Russian Federation, article 259 | The difference in the amount of depreciation for the month and the start date of depreciation. RUB 16,666.67 - 694.44 rubles. = RUB 15,972.23 1 033 333,54- 50 000= RUB 983,333.54 |
in accounting for expenses between BU and NU
** there may be a difference in the depreciation period: in accounting - in the month following the acceptance of fixed assets for accounting on account 01, in tax accounting - in the month following the commissioning of fixed assets
*** The useful life can be set taking into account the life of the fixed asset in leasing, if the terms of the corresponding depreciation group allow (for example, 62 months, as in the BU). In this example, the PI for NU is different from the PI for accounting.
It is obvious that due to differences in the requirements of accounting and tax legislation for accounting for leasing operations in the case when, under the terms of the contract, the property falls on the lessee's balance sheet, it is quite complicated and will require attention and patience from the accountant.
Below, based on the conditions of the example discussed above, we provide a summary list of accounting entries and tax accounting transactions that the lessee's accountant must make.
The initial data of the Example (repeated for convenience):
Fixed assets under a leasing agreement are recorded on the balance sheet of the lessee.
The cost of equipment according to the lessor (indicated in the contract) is 800,000 rubles.
The lease payment period is 10 months.
Leasing payments are paid evenly monthly in the amount of 115,000 rubles, in addition to VAT 20,700 rubles. The total amount of lease payments for 10 months. - 1,150,000 rubles (excluding VAT). The first lease payment is made in the month following the month in which the asset is leased.
The redemption value of fixed assets at the end of the leasing period is 50,000 rubles, in addition, VAT is 9,000 rubles.
Depreciation method - linear
The fixed asset was put into operation in the month of receipt from the lessor.
SPI - 72 months in BU and NU. Depreciation rate - 1.38889%.
Amortization amount per month according to BU: 1,200,000 rubles. x 1.38889% \u003d 16,666.67 rubles.
Depreciation amount per month for NU: 800,000 rubles. x 1.38889% \u003d 11,111.11 rubles.
Accounting | tax accounting | PBU-18 |
|||||||||
| № | Periodicity | the name of the operation | Wiring | Amount RUB | № | Periodicity | the name of the operation | Sum | Difference for the period in BU | PNO | PNA |
| 1 | at a time | Acceptance of fixed assets under an act from the lessor | D08 Cap investment K76 Lease obligations | 1 200 000 | |||||||
| 2 | at a time | OS commissioning | D01 Arendov. OS K08 Investment cap | 1 200 000 | 1 | at a time | Reflection of the initial cost of the leased depreciable property (N05.01) | 800 000 | |||
| Scheduled (monthly) | Payment of the lease payment under the terms of the contract | D76 Leasing debt | 135 700 | ||||||||
| Leasing payments | D76 Leasing debt | 1 357 000 | |||||||||
| 4 | Scheduled (monthly) | Offset of lease payments against lease liabilities (excluding VAT) | D76 Lease obligations K76 Leasing debt | 115 000 | |||||||
| TOTAL during the term of the contract | Set-off of lease payments against lease liabilities | D76 Lease obligations K76 Leasing debt | 1 150 000 | ||||||||
| 5 | Scheduled (monthly) | VAT on lease payments | D19.3 VAT on goods and materials K76 Leasing debt | 20 700 | |||||||
| TOTAL during the term of the contract | VAT on lease payments | D19.3 VAT on goods and materials K76 Leasing debt | 207 000 | ||||||||
| 6 | Scheduled (monthly) | Acceptance of VAT on lease payments for deduction (according to SF) | D68.2 VAT K19.3 VAT on goods and materials | 20 700 | |||||||
| TOTAL during the term of the contract | Acceptance of VAT from leasing payments for deduction | D68.2 VAT K19.3 VAT on goods and materials | 207 000 | ||||||||
| 7 | Monthly | Calculation of depreciation of leasing fixed assets | D20 Depreciation K02 Depreciation of asset leases | 16 666,67 | 2 | Monthly | Accrual of depreciation of leasing fixed assets (N05.02) | 11 111,11 | 5 555,56 | 1 111,11 | |
| TOTAL during the term of the contract | D20 Depreciation K02 Depreciation of leases. OS | 166 666,7 | TOTAL during the term of the contract | Accrued depreciation of leasing fixed assets | 111 111,10 | 55 555,60 | 11 111,12 | ||||
| 3 | Scheduled (monthly) | Accrual of leasing expenses | 103 888,89 | -103 888,89 | 20 777,78 | ||||||
| TOTAL during the term of the contract | Accrued lease expenses | 1 038 888,9 | -1 038 888,9 | 207 777,8 | |||||||
| 8 | at a time | Transfer of the redemption amount | D76 Lease obligations | 59 000 | |||||||
| 9 | at a time | Reflection of VAT in the redemption amount | D19.1 VAT on fixed assets K76 Lease obligations | 9 000 | |||||||
| 10 | at a time | Acceptance of VAT from the redemption value for deduction (according to the SF) | D68.2 VAT K19.3 VAT on goods and materials | 9 000 | |||||||
| 11 | at a time | Transfer of ownership of the OS | D01 Own OS K01 Rent. OS | 1 200 000 | 4 | at a time | Writing off the original rate of leased depreciable property (N05.01) | -800 000 | |||
| 12 | at a time | Formation of the residual value of own fixed assets | D02 Depreciation of leases. OS D02 OS depreciation | 166 666,7 | 5 | at a time | Write-off of accumulated depreciation on leased property (N05.02) | -111 111,1 | |||
| 6 | at a time | Reflection of the initial cost of depreciable property (N05.01) | 50 000 | ||||||||
| 13 | Monthly | Depreciation of own fixed assets | D20 Depreciation K02 OS wear | 16 666,67 | 7 | Monthly | Calculation of depreciation of own fixed assets (N05.02) | 694, 44 | 62 months | 62 months | |
| TOTAL (during the remaining PI- 62 months) | D20 Depreciation K02 OS wear | 1 033 333,5 | TOTAL (during JPI - 72 months) | Accrued depreciation of own fixed assets | 50 000 | 983 333,5* | 196 666,7 | ||||
* The difference contains elements of both permanent and temporary differences (different initial cost leads to a permanent difference, and different CPI leads to temporary differences). However, since the labor costs for isolating permanent and temporary differences are large, we believe that it is possible to reflect this difference as a constant
Under a leasing agreement, property can be accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessor or lessee. The second option is the most difficult and often raises questions from accountants, since the accounting and tax accounting data do not match, differences arise. Starting from release 3.0.40, the 1C:Accounting 8 program, version 3.0, automates the main operations with leased property, which is accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessee without taking into account the redemption value.
New accounts in "1C: Accounting 8" (rev. 3.0) to automate accounting for leasing
The main regulatory legal acts that should be followed when concluding a leasing agreement are Federal Law No. 164-FZ of October 29, 1998 “On Financial Lease (Leasing)” and part two of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation - paragraph 6 is devoted to leasing in Chapter 34 “Rent”.
Under a leasing agreement, the lessee must accept the property acquired for him by the lessor from the seller, pay the lessor lease payments, the procedure and terms for payment of which are determined by the agreement, and at the end of the term of the leasing agreement, return this property or redeem it into his own ownership.
The agreement specifies the amount of lease payments, methods and frequency of their transfer to the lessor.
The tax consequences for the parties to the transaction depend on the terms of the agreement and the structure of the lease payment.
IS 1C:ITS
In the reference book "Agreements: conditions, forms, taxes" in the "Legal support" section, read more about what is important to know when concluding a leasing agreement for the lessor and the lessee.
When reflecting leasing operations in accounting, they are guided by the “Instructions on the reflection in accounting of operations under a leasing agreement”, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 17, 1997 No. 15 (hereinafter - Instructions No. 15).
The lessee, if the object of leasing is accounted for on its balance sheet, upon receipt of the fixed asset (OS), postings should be generated (paragraph 2, clause 8 of Instructions No. 15):
Debit 08 "Investments in non-current assets"
Credit 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" sub-account "Lease obligations"
After the leased property is accepted into the fixed assets, the following entry is made:
Debit 01 "Fixed assets" sub-account "Leased property"
Credit 08 "Investments in non-current assets"
If the leased property is accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessee, then the accrual of lease payments to the lessor in the accounting of the lessee is reflected in the following entries (paragraph 2, clause 9 of Instruction No. 15):
When accounting for the subject of leasing on the balance sheet of the lessee, the property is accounted for as depreciable (clause 9 of Instructions No. 15, paragraph 3, clause 50 of the Methodological Guidelines for Accounting of Fixed Assets, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n).
The depreciation amounts are reflected in the debit of the accounts of production (circulation) costs in correspondence with account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets”, sub-account “Depreciation of leased property”. In this case, it is allowed to use the accelerated depreciation mechanism by a factor not higher than 3 (paragraph 3, clause 9 of Instructions No. 15).
The lease payments due to the lessor are reflected by the lessee in the postings (paragraph 2, clause 9 of Instruction No. 15):
Debit 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" sub-account "Lease obligations"
Credit 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" sub-account "Debt on lease payments"
At the end of the term of the agreement, the leased property must be returned by the lessee or acquired into ownership (clause 5, article 15 of Law No. 164-FZ).
In accordance with the Tax Code, the lessee has the right to deduct VAT from the entire amount of lease payments, which is indicated in the invoice (subclause 1, clause 2, article 171, paragraph 2, clause 1, article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
For the purpose of calculating income tax, the leased asset is accounted for as part of depreciable property at its original cost - according to the amount of the lessor's expenses for the acquisition, construction, delivery, manufacture and bringing to a state in which it is suitable for use, excluding the amount of taxes deductible or taken into account in composition of expenses (clause 1, article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
According to paragraph 10 of Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, property received on lease is included in the appropriate depreciation group (subgroup) by the party for which this property should be accounted for in accordance with the terms of the lease agreement.
Leasing payments for the use of leased property accounted for on the lessee's balance sheet are included in other expenses associated with production and (or) sale, minus the depreciation amounts accrued on this fixed asset (subclause 10 clause 1 article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
If the leased asset is accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessee as a fixed asset, then it is necessary to pay corporate property tax in respect of it (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 20, 2012 No. 11/17/2011 No. 148).
The lessee must pay transport tax if the vehicles that are the subject of leasing are registered to him (Article 357 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
IS 1C:ITS
For more information about the tax consequences that arise for the lessee, read the reference book “Agreements: conditions, forms, taxes” in the “Legal support” section.
Note that the initial cost of the leased asset, depreciation costs and the procedure for including lease payments in expenses are different in accounting and tax accounting, so there are temporary differences. They are accounted for in accordance with PBU 18/02 “Accounting for corporate income tax settlements”, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n.
Sub-accounts have been added to the 1C: Accounting 8 program, starting from release 3.0.40, to account for transactions with leased property, including when accounting for transactions in foreign currency and in conventional units (c.u.) (see table 1) .
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Sub-account in "1C: Accounting 8" (rev. 3.0) starting from version 3.0.40 |
What is it for |
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76.07.1 "Lease obligations" |
To summarize information on long-term financial liabilities under lease agreements in the currency of the Russian Federation |
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76.07.2 "Debt on lease payments" |
To summarize information on current payments under a leasing agreement in the currency of the Russian Federation |
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76.27.1 "Lease obligations (in currency)" |
To summarize information on long-term financial liabilities under lease agreements in foreign currencies |
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76.27.2 "Debt on lease payments (in foreign currency)" |
To summarize information on current payments under a leasing agreement in foreign currencies |
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76.37.1 "Lease obligations (in c.u.)" |
To summarize information on long-term financial liabilities under lease agreements, the settlements for which are actually carried out in rubles, but are accounted for in conventional units. The balance and turnover of the account are simultaneously formed in rubles and in c.u. Any currency from the reference book can be used as a conditional unit Currencies programs |
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76.37.2 "Debt on lease payments (in c.u.)" |
To summarize information on current payments under a leasing agreement, the settlements for which are actually carried out in rubles, but are accounted for in conventional units. The balance and turnover of the account are simultaneously formed in rubles and in c.u. Any currency from the reference book can be used as a conditional unit Currencies programs |
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01.03 "Rented property" |
To summarize information on the presence and movement of fixed assets of an organization that are leased until the moment of their disposal |
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02.03 "Depreciation of leased property" |
To summarize information on depreciation of leased property |
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76.07.9 "VAT on lease obligations" |
The amounts of value added tax due to the organization related to the acquisition of fixed assets under lease agreements in the currency of the Russian Federation are taken into account |
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76.37.9 "VAT on lease obligations in (c.u.)" |
The amount of value added tax due to be paid by the organization related to the acquisition of fixed assets under lease agreements, the calculations for which are actually carried out in rubles, but are accounted for in conventional units, are taken into account. The balance and turnover of the account are simultaneously formed in rubles and in c.u. Any currency from the reference book can be used as a conditional unit Currencies programs. |
Let's consider how 1C: Accounting 8, edition 3.0, reflects the main transactions for accounting for leasing if the property is listed on the lessee's balance sheet without taking into account the redemption value.
Receipt of fixed assets in leasing and acceptance of the leasing object for accounting with the lessee
The receipt of leasing property is reflected in the new document of the program Leasing(chapter OS and NMA group Receipt of fixed assets).
The document indicates the initial cost of fixed assets received on lease in accounting (BU) and in tax accounting (NU).
To put an object of fixed assets into operation, a document is created Acceptance for OS accounting(chapter OS and NMA group Receipt of fixed assets) - see figure 1.
Bookmarks are filled in the document:
- non-current asset;
- fixed assets;
- Accounting;
- Tax accounting;
- depreciation premium.
To document Acceptance for OS accounting added a new method of entry Under a leasing agreement, which allows you to specify the lessor and the method of reflecting the costs of lease payments in tax accounting.
When choosing a method of entry Under a leasing agreement Additionally, fields that are required to be filled in are displayed:
- Counterparty and Agreement on the Non-current asset tab;
- How expenses are reflected in tax accounting on the Tax accounting tab in the Leasing payments details group.
Since the property is listed on the balance sheet of the lessee, then on the tab tax accounting in field The procedure for including the cost in the composition of expenses indicated Depreciation, and the flag is set Calculate depreciation.
In field Special coefficient the increasing or decreasing coefficient is indicated (if it is not equal to 1).
Reflection of the monthly lease payment
Starting with release 3.0.40 in 1C:Accounting 8, leasing payments are calculated using the document Receipt (act, invoice), in which the operation is added Leasing services(Fig. 2).
To accept VAT for deduction, it is necessary to register and post a document Invoice received.
Document added to the program Changing the reflection of expenses on lease payments of fixed assets. It is intended to change the method of reflecting the costs of lease payments after the acceptance of leased property for accounting (section OS and NMA group OS depreciation hyperlink OS depreciation options).
Depreciation and recognition of lease payments in tax accounting
Since the property is accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessee, its cost is repaid through depreciation deductions during the useful life.
To perform operations to calculate the amount of depreciation for the month for accounting and tax accounting, to recognize lease payments in tax accounting, as well as to reflect a taxable temporary difference (NVR) and recognize a deferred tax liability (DLT) and you need to use the processing Closing the month(chapter Operations group Closing period hyperlink Closing the month), which contains a list of necessary routine operations.
Before processing Closing the month it is necessary to restore the sequence of documents.
To do this, click on the hyperlink Reposting of documents per month, press the button Execute an operation, then the button Perform month end closing, after which all routine operations will be performed by the list, including:
- Depreciation and depreciation of fixed assets;
- Recognition at NU of lease payments;
- Income tax calculation.
In the program when performing a scheduled operation the difference between the lease payments reflected in the document is determined Receipt (act, invoice), and accrued depreciation in tax accounting. If the monthly lease payment exceeds the amount of accrued depreciation, the difference is reflected in tax accounting expenses. If the accrued depreciation exceeds the amount of the lease payment, the depreciation amount is reversed for this difference.
Create a printed form OS depreciation statement possible from the group Reports of the fixed assets and intangible assets section.
In processing Closing the month from document form Regulatory transaction -> NU recognition of lease payments or from the context menu, you can generate a help-calculation Recognition of expenses for fixed assets received on lease.
The report is intended to illustrate the reflection of the amounts of leasing payments in the accounting and tax accounting of the lessee.
Your company has already entered into a lease agreement and you have questions about how to reflect the lease in the accounting? In this article, you can find the necessary information and examples of accounting entries for various leasing operations.
Accounting for transactions under a leasing agreement is regulated by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 15 dated February 17, 1997.
Leasing entries depend on whose balance sheet reflects the leased property: the lessor or the lessee. The party on whose balance sheet the leased property is recorded must be specified in the lease agreement.
Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessor
payment schedule.
If the lease agreement provides for the reflection of the leased asset on the balance sheet of the lessor, the lessee shall reflect the leased property on the off-balance sheet account 001 "Leased fixed assets".
The accrual of lease payments is reflected in the credit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" in correspondence with cost accounting accounts: 20, 23, 25, 26, 29 - when accounting for lease payments for property used in production activities, 44 - for property used in the activities of a trade organization, 91.2 - for property used for non-production purposes. Further, for simplicity, in the examples of leasing accounting, only postings for the 20th account will be given.
Dt 001 - 1 000 000(accepted for accounting the subject of leasing at a cost without VAT)
Dt 60 - Kt 51 - 236 000(advance payment (initial payment) under the leasing agreement has been paid)
It should be borne in mind that the attribution to the costs of an advance under a leasing agreement (advance offset) may not be made immediately, but throughout the entire agreement. In the above payment schedule, the advance payment under the agreement is offset evenly (by 6,555.56 rubles) within 36 months.
Dt 20 - Kt 76 - 29 276.27(lease payment No. 1 accrued - 34,546 minus VAT - 5,269.73)
Dt 19 - Kt 76 - 5,269.73(VAT accrued on lease payment No. 1)
Dt 20 - Kt 60 - 5 555.56(part of the advance payment under the leasing agreement was offset - 6,555.56 minus VAT 1,000)
Dt 19 – Kt 60 – 1,000(VAT accrued on advance payment)
Dt 68 - Kt 19 - 6,269.73(VAT is presented to the budget)
Dt 76 - Kt 51 - 34 546(leasing payment No. 1 is listed)
The commission that is paid at the beginning of the leasing transaction (commission for the conclusion of the transaction) is attributed in accounting to the same expense accounts as the current leasing payments.
Postings for the repurchase of the subject of leasing
If there is a redemption price in the leasing agreement (this amount is absent in the given leasing payment schedule, for example, let's take it equal to 1,180 rubles with VAT), the following entries are made in accounting:
Dt 08 – Kt 76 – 1 000(reflected are the costs of repurchasing the leased asset upon transfer of ownership to the lessee)
Dt 19 - Kt 76 - 180(VAT accrued upon redemption of the leased asset)
Dt 68 - Kt 19 - 180(VAT is presented to the budget)
Dt 76 - Kt 51 - 1 180(the amount of repurchase of the leased asset has been paid)
Dt 01 – Ct 08 – 1 000(accepted for accounting the subject of leasing as part of own fixed assets)
Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
The legislation governing the accounting of leasing does not contain unambiguous instructions on recording transactions under a leasing agreement if the lessee is the balance holder of the property.
At present, the practice of communication between lessees and leasing companies with auditors and inspection bodies has developed, and a certain scheme of leasing transactions has been formed.
Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
If, under the terms of the leasing agreement, the property is recorded on the lessee's balance sheet, upon receipt of the leased asset in the lessee's accounting, the value of the property, net of VAT, is reflected in the debit of account 08 "Investments in non-current assets" in correspondence with the credit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors".
When the subject of leasing is accepted for accounting as fixed assets, its value is debited from credit 08 of account to debit 01 of account "Fixed Assets".
The accrual of lease payments is reflected in the debit of account 76, sub-account, for example, "Settlements with the lessor" in correspondence with account 76, sub-account, for example, "Calculations on lease payments."
Depreciation on the subject of leasing is made by the lessee. The amount of depreciation of the leased asset is recognized as expenses for ordinary activities and is reflected in the debit of account 20 "Main production" in correspondence with the credit of account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets, depreciation sub-account of leased property.
Tax accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
In the tax accounting of the lessee, the leased property is recognized as depreciable property.
The initial cost of the leased asset is determined as the amount of the lessor's expenses for its acquisition.
For income tax purposes, the monthly depreciation amount is determined based on the product of the initial cost of the leased asset and the depreciation rate, which is determined based on the useful life of the leased property (taking into account the classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups). In this case, the lessee has the right to apply to the depreciation rate increasing the coefficient up to 3. The specific size of the multiplying factor is determined by the lessee in the range from 1 to 3. This coefficient does not apply to leased property belonging to the first or third depreciation groups.
Leasing payments minus the amount of depreciation on leased property are included in the costs associated with production and sale.
An example of accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the balance sheet of the lessee
Leasing transactions correspond to the property lease payment schedule located at the link
The lessee received a car under a leasing agreement, payment schedule parameters:
- term of the lease agreement – 3 years (36 months)
- the total amount of payments under the lease agreement - 1,479,655.10 rubles, incl. VAT - 225,710.10 rubles
- advance payment (down payment) - 20%, 236,000 rubles, incl. VAT - 36,000 rubles
- car cost - 1,180,000 rubles, incl. VAT - 180,000 rubles
The estimated period of use of the leased property is four years (48 months). The car belongs to the third depreciation group (property with a useful life of 3 to 5 years). Depreciation is charged on a straight-line basis.
Determine the amount of monthly depreciation in accounting. Because the value of the property (including the remuneration of the leasing company) is 1,253,945 rubles (1,479,655.10 - 225,710.10), the monthly depreciation will be 1,253,945: 48 = 26,123.85 rubles.
A passenger car belongs to the third depreciation group, therefore, a period of 48 months can be set in tax accounting. The monthly depreciation rate is 2.0833% (1: 48 months x 100%), the monthly depreciation amount is 1,000,000 x 2.0833% = 20,833.33 rubles.
In accordance with subparagraph 10 of paragraph 1 of article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the amount of the lease payment, monthly recognized as expenses for profit tax purposes, is 8,442.94 rubles (34,546 (leasing payment) - 5,269.73 (VAT as part of the lease payment) – 20,833.33 (monthly depreciation in tax accounting)).
The expense under the leasing agreement is formed monthly in accounting at the expense of depreciation (26,123.85 rubles), in tax accounting - at the expense of depreciation (20,833.33 rubles) and lease payment (8,442.94 rubles), totaling 29,276 .27 rubles.
Because in accounting, the amount of expenses for 36 months (the term of the lease agreement) is less than in tax accounting, this leads to taxable temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities.
During the term of the lease agreement, the lessee generates a monthly taxable temporary difference in the amount of 3,152.42 rubles (29,276.27 - 26,123.85) and a corresponding deferred tax liability arises in the amount of 630.48 rubles (3,152.42 x 20% ).
Separately, it is necessary to say about accounting for an advance (initial payment under the contract). The following situations are possible:
1. When transferring property for leasing, the lessor provides an invoice for the full amount of the advance(in the given schedule of leasing payments - by 236,000 rubles). In this case, the entire amount of the advance payment of the advance payment, net of VAT, is recognized in tax accounting as expenses for profit tax purposes.
I would like to note that under a leasing agreement, services are provided throughout the entire agreement and the fiscal authorities have no reason to assess compliance with the criteria of paragraph 4, paragraph 2, Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation on the comparability of leasing payments, because individual payments cannot be considered as separate transactions, and the price under the leasing agreement must be analyzed in aggregate for all payments of the agreement.
2. The advance payment under the leasing agreement shall be set off in equal installments during the entire leasing period. In this case, the creditable part of the advance payment is recognized as expenses in tax accounting for the purposes of taxation of profit.
In the given example of the lease payment schedule, it is assumed that the advance invoice is issued to the lessee when the property is leased, i.e. in tax accounting when transferring property to leasing, expenses in the amount of 200,000 rubles are reflected (advance payment, which is a leasing payment, depreciation is not deducted, because in the first month when transferring property to leasing, it is not yet accrued). This simultaneously creates a taxable temporary difference in the amount of RUB 200,000 and a corresponding deferred tax liability in the amount of RUB 40,000 (RUB 200,000 x 20%).
At the end of the lease agreement, the lessee will continue to accrue depreciation monthly in accounting in the amount of 26,123.85 rubles. There will be no tax expense. This will result in a monthly decrease in deferred tax liabilities in the amount of RUB 5,224.77 (RUB 26,123.85 x 20%).
Thus, according to the results of the agreement, the total amount of deferred tax liabilities will be equal to zero:
40,000 (deferred tax liability on advance payment) + 22,697 (630.48 x 36 - deferred tax liability on current lease payments) - 62,697 (5,224.77 x 12 - reduction of deferred tax liabilities for 12 months of depreciation in accounting accounting after the end of the lease agreement).
Transactions upon receipt of the object of leasing
Dt 60 - Kt 51 - 236 000(advance paid under the lease agreement)
Dt 08 - Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - 1,253,945(reflected the debt under the leasing agreement without VAT)
Dt 19 - Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - 225,710.10(reflected VAT under the lease agreement)
Dt 01 – Ct 08 – 1 253 945(a car received under a leasing agreement is accepted for accounting)
Dt 76 - Kt 60 - 236 000(advance paid at the conclusion of the lease agreement)
Dt 68 (Income tax) - Kt 77 - 40,000
Dt 68 (VAT) - Ct 19 - 36,000(VAT is presented on advance payment)
Postings on current lease payments
Dt 20 - Kt 02 - 26 123.85
Dt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - Kt 76 (Settlements on lease payments) - 34,546(reduced debt on leasing by the amount of the lease payment)
Dt 76 "Settlements for lease payments" - Kt 51 - 34,546(lease payment listed)
Dt 68 (VAT) - Kt 19 - 5,269.73(VAT is presented on the current lease payment)
Dt 68 (Income tax) - Kt 77 - 630.48(reflected deferred tax liability)
Postings at the end of the lease agreement
Dt 01 (Own fixed assets) – Kt 01 (Fixed assets received under leasing) – 1,253,945(reflected the receipt of the car in the property)
Dt 02 (Depreciation of leasing property) - Kt 02 (Depreciation of own fixed assets) - 940,458.60(reflected accrued depreciation on the car)
Postings within 12 months after the end of the lease agreement
Dt 20 - Kt 02 (Depreciation of own fixed assets) - 26,123.85(depreciation accrued on the car)
Dt 77 - Kt 68 (Income tax) - 5,224.77(reflected reduction in deferred tax liability)
There is also a method in which the initial cost of the leased asset in accounting is equal to the cost of purchasing a car from the lessor, i.e. matches the value in the tax accounting. In this case, on account 76, when the property is accepted for accounting, only the debt at the cost of the property is reflected.
The accrual of lease payments is carried out monthly on the credit of account 20 in correspondence with account 76 in the amount of the difference between the accrued depreciation and the amount of the monthly lease payment.
Choosing the most reasonable option for reflecting leased property on the balance sheet of the lessor or lessee, as well as agreeing with the leasing company on the optimal scheme for reflecting lease payments, is a very difficult task that requires good knowledge of the specifics of accounting for leasing operations and the specifics of the wording in the leasing agreement and primary documents.
