ch. 3 art. 13 FZ dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ
fire hazard building materials characterized by the following properties:
- combustibility;
- flammability;
- the ability to spread the flame over the surface;
- smoke generating ability;
- toxicity of combustion products.
By combustibility, building materials are divided into combustible (G) and non-combustible (NG).
Building materials are non-combustible at following values combustibility parameters determined experimentally: temperature increase - no more than 50 degrees Celsius, sample weight loss - no more than 50 percent, duration of stable flame burning - no more than 10 seconds.
Building materials that do not meet at least one of the parameter values specified in Part 4 of this Article are classified as combustible. Combustible building materials are divided into the following groups:
1) low combustible (G1), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 135 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 65 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 20 percent, the duration of self-burning is 0 seconds;
2) moderately flammable (G2), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 235 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50 percent, the duration of independent combustion is not more than 30 seconds;
3) normally combustible (HC), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 450 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50 percent, the duration of independent combustion is not more than 300 seconds;
4) highly flammable (G4), having a flue gas temperature of more than 450 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is more than 50 percent, the duration of self-burning is more than 300 seconds.
For materials belonging to the flammability groups G1-GZ, the formation of burning melt drops during testing is not allowed (for materials belonging to the flammability groups G1 and G2, the formation of melt drops is not allowed). For non-combustible building materials other indicators fire hazard not defined or standardized.
In terms of flammability, combustible building materials (including floor carpets), depending on the value of the critical surface heat flux density, are divided into the following groups:
1) flame-retardant (B1), having a critical surface heat flux density of more than 35 kilowatts per square meter;
2) moderately flammable (B2), having a critical surface heat flux density of at least 20, but not more than 35 kilowatts per square meter;
3) flammable (VZ), having a critical surface heat flux density of less than 20 kilowatts per square meter.
According to the speed of flame propagation over the surface, combustible building materials (including floor carpets), depending on the value of the critical surface heat flux density, are divided into the following groups:
1) non-propagating (RP1), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of more than 11 kilowatts per square meter;
2) weakly propagating (RP2), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of at least 8, but not more than 11 kilowatts per square meter;
3) moderately propagating (RPZ), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of at least 5, but not more than 8 kilowatts per square meter;
4) strongly propagating (RP4), having a critical surface heat flux density of less than 5 kilowatts per square meter.
According to the smoke-generating ability, combustible building materials, depending on the value of the smoke generation coefficient, are divided into the following groups:
1) with a low smoke generating capacity (D1), having a smoke generating coefficient of less than 50 square meters per kilogram;
2) with a moderate smoke generating capacity (D2), having a smoke generating coefficient of at least 50, but not more than 500 square meters per kilogram;
3) with a high smoke generating capacity (DZ), having a smoke generation coefficient of more than 500 square meters per kilogram.
According to the toxicity of combustion products, combustible building materials are divided into the following groups in accordance with Table 2 of the Appendix to this Federal Law:
1) low-hazard (T1);
2) moderately hazardous (T2);
3) highly dangerous (TK);
4) extremely dangerous (T4).
Depending on the fire hazard groups, building materials are divided into the following fire hazard classes -
| Fire hazard properties of building materials | Fire hazard class of building materials depending on groups | |||||
| KM0 | KM1 | KM2 | KM3 | KM4 | KM5 | |
| combustibility | NG | G1 | G1 | G2 | G2 | G4 |
| Flammability | — | IN 1 | IN 1 | AT 2 | AT 2 | AT 3 |
| Smoke generating capacity | — | D1 | D3+ | D3 | D3 | D3 |
| Toxicity of combustion products | — | T1 | T2 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
| Flame spread over flooring surface | — | RP1 | RP1 | RP1 | RP2 | WP4 |
Fire hazard properties of building materials Fire hazard class of building materials depending on groups
materials KM0 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM4 KM5
Combustibility NG G1 G1 G2 G2 G4
Flammability - B1 B1 B2 B2 B3
Smoke generating capacity - D1 D3+ D3 D3 D3
Toxicity of combustion products - T1 T2 T2 T3 T4
Spread of flame over the surface for flooring - WP1 WP1 WP1 WP2 WP4
In accordance with SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures", the fire hazard of building materials is characterized by the following indicators:
combustibility;
flammability;
flame spread over the surface;
smoke generating ability;
toxicity of combustion products.
By combustibility, building materials are divided into non-combustible (NG) and combustible (G). Combustible building materials are divided into four groups:
G1 - low combustible;
G2 - moderately combustible;
G3 - normally combustible;
G4 - highly flammable.
According to flammability, combustible building materials are divided into three groups:
81 - flame-retardant;
82 - moderately flammable;
83 - flammable.
According to the spread of flame over the surface, combustible building materials are divided into four groups:
RP1 - non-propagating flame;
RP2 - weakly propagating flame;
RP3 - moderately propagating flame;
RP4 - highly propagating flame.
The group of building materials for the spread of flame is established only for surface layers roofs and floors (including for carpets).
According to the smoke-generating ability, combustible building materials are divided into three groups:
D1 - with a low smoke-generating ability;
D2 - with moderate smoke-generating ability;
D3 - with a high smoke-generating ability;
According to the toxicity of combustion products, combustible building materials are divided into four groups:
T1 - low-risk;
T2 - moderately hazardous;
T3 - highly dangerous;
T4 - extremely dangerous.
Fire and explosion hazard conditions when using substances and materials
To ensure the fire and explosion safety of the processes of production, processing, storage and transportation of substances and materials, it is necessary to use data on the indicators of fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials with the safety factors given in Table. 3
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Way to prevent fire, explosion |
Regulated parameter |
Fire and explosion safety conditions |
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Prevention of the formation of a combustible environment |
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Limitation of flammability and combustibility of substances and materials |
Flammability of a substance (material) |
Flammability of a substance (material) should not be more regulated |
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Prevention of education in | ||
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combustible environment (or introduction into |
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her) ignition sources |
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Reproducibility of the method for determining the fire hazard index at a confidence level of 95%;
Safe temperature, °С;
Permissible flash point, °С;
Flash point in a closed crucible, °С;
I. Classification of building materials for fire hazard
Building materials are characterized only by fire hazard.
The fire hazard of building materials is determined by the following fire-technical characteristics: combustibility, flammability, flame spread over the surface, smoke-generating ability and toxicity.
Building materials are divided into non-combustible (NG) and combustible (G). Combustible building materials are divided into four groups:
P (low combustible);
G2 (moderately combustible);
GZ (normally combustible);
G4 (highly combustible).
For non-combustible building materials, other fire hazard indicators are not determined and not standardized.
Combustible building materials according to flammability are divided into three groups:
81 (flammable);
82 (moderately flammable);
83 (flammable).
Combustible building materials according to the spread of flame over the surface are divided into four groups:
RP1 (non-propagating);
RP2 (weakly propagating);
RPZ (moderately spreading);
RP4 (strongly spreading).
For other building materials, the flame propagation group over the surface is not determined and not standardized.
Combustible building materials according to their smoke-generating ability are divided into three groups:
D1 (with low smoke-generating ability);
D2 (with moderate smoke-generating ability);
DZ (with high smoke-generating ability).
Combustible building materials according to the toxicity of combustion products are divided into four groups:
T1 (low-dangerous);
T2 (moderately hazardous);
TK (highly hazardous);
T4 (extremely dangerous).
II. Classification of building materials according to the degree of fire resistance
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Building structures are characterized by fire resistance and fire hazard.
The indicator of fire resistance is the fire resistance limit. The fire hazard of a structure is characterized by its class.
Fire resistance limit building structures is set according to the time (in minutes) of the onset of one or successively several, normalized for a given design, signs of limit states:
- bearing capacity loss (R);
- loss of integrity (E);
- loss of heat-insulating ability (I).
According to fire hazard, building structures are divided into four classes:
KO (non-flammable);
K1 (low fire risk);
K2 (moderately flammable);
Short circuit (fire hazardous).
BUILDINGS, FIRE COMPARTMENTS, ROOMS
Buildings, as well as parts of buildings highlighted by fire walls - fire compartments (hereinafter referred to as buildings) - are subdivided according to the degrees of fire resistance, classes of constructive and functional fire hazard.
The degree of fire resistance of a building is determined by the fire resistance of its building structures.
The constructive fire hazard class of a building is determined by the degree of participation of building structures in the development of a fire and the formation of its hazardous factors.
The class of functional fire hazard of the building and its parts is determined by their purpose and the features of the technological processes located in them.
Buildings and fire compartments are subdivided according to the degrees of fire resistance according to the table.
The load-bearing elements of a building include structures that ensure its overall stability and geometric invariability in case of fire, - bearing walls, frames, columns, beams, crossbars, trusses, arches, connections, stiffening diaphragms, etc.
The fire resistance limits of filling openings (doors, gates, windows and hatches) are not standardized, except for specially stipulated cases and filling openings in fire barriers.
In cases where the minimum fire resistance rating of the structure is R15 (R 15, REI15), it is allowed to use unprotected steel structures regardless of their actual fire rating, unless the fire rating load-bearing elements building according to the test results is less than R 8
The fire hazard of building materials is characterized by the following properties:
- combustibility;
- Flammability;
- The ability to spread flame over the surface;
- Smoke generating ability;
- Toxicity of combustion products.
By combustibility building materials are divided into combustible (G) and non-combustible (NG).
Building materials are classified as non-combustible with the following values of combustibility parameters determined experimentally: temperature increase - no more than 50 degrees Celsius, sample mass loss - no more than 50 percent, duration of stable flame burning - no more than 10 seconds.
Building materials that do not meet at least one of the parameter values specified in Part 4 of this Article are classified as combustible. Combustible building materials are divided into the following groups:
- Slightly combustible (G1), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 135 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 65 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 20 percent, the duration of self-burning is 0 seconds;
- Moderately flammable (G2), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 235 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is not more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50 percent, the duration of self-burning is not more than 30 seconds;
- Normally combustible (HC), having a flue gas temperature of not more than 450 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is not more than 50 percent, the duration of self-burning is not more than 300 seconds;
- Highly combustible (G4), having a flue gas temperature of more than 450 degrees Celsius, the degree of damage along the length of the test sample is more than 85 percent, the degree of damage by weight of the test sample is more than 50 percent, the duration of independent combustion is more than 300 seconds.
For materials belonging to the flammability groups G1-GZ, the formation of burning melt drops during testing is not allowed (for materials belonging to the flammability groups G1 and G2, the formation of melt drops is not allowed). For non-combustible building materials, other fire hazard indicators are not determined and not standardized.
By flammability combustible building materials (including floor carpets), depending on the value of the critical surface heat flux density, are divided into the following groups:
- Flammable (B1), having a critical surface heat flux density of more than 35 kilowatts per square meter;
- Moderately flammable (B2), having a critical surface heat flux density of at least 20, but not more than 35 kilowatts per square meter;
- Flammable (VZ), having a critical surface heat flux density of less than 20 kilowatts per square meter.
By flame propagation speed on the surface, combustible building materials (including floor carpets), depending on the value of the critical surface heat flux density, are divided into the following groups:
- Non-propagating (RP1), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of more than 11 kilowatts per square meter;
- Weakly propagating (RP2), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of at least 8, but not more than 11 kilowatts per square meter;
- Moderately spreading (RPZ), having a value of critical surface heat flux density of at least 5, but not more than 8 kilowatts per square meter;
- Strongly propagating (RP4), having a critical surface heat flux density of less than 5 kilowatts per square meter.
By smoke generating combustible building materials, depending on the value of the smoke generation coefficient, are divided into the following groups:
- With a low smoke generating capacity (D1), having a smoke generating coefficient of less than 50 square meters per kilogram;
- With a moderate smoke generating capacity (D2), having a smoke generating coefficient of at least 50, but not more than 500 square meters per kilogram;
- With a high smoke generating capacity (DZ), having a smoke generation coefficient of more than 500 square meters per kilogram.
By toxicity combustion products, combustible building materials are divided into the following groups in accordance with Table 2 of the Appendix to this Federal Law:
- Low-dangerous (T1);
- Moderately hazardous (T2);
- Highly hazardous (TK);
- Extremely dangerous (T4).
Depending on the fire hazard groups, building materials are divided into the following Fire hazard classes:
| Fire hazard properties of building materials | Fire hazard class of building materials depending on groups | |||||
| KM0 | KM1 | KM2 | KM3 | KM4 | KM5 | |
| combustibility | NG | G1 | G1 | G2 | G2 | G4 |
| Flammability | — | IN 1 | IN 1 | AT 2 | AT 2 | AT 3 |
| Smoke generating capacity | — | D1 | D3+ | D3 | D3 | D3 |
| Toxicity of combustion products | — | T1 | T2 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
| Flame spread over flooring surface | — | RP1 | RP1 | RP1 | RP2 | WP4 |
By combustibility, substances and materials are divided into three groups: non-combustible, slow-burning and combustible.
Non-combustible (slow-burning) - substances and materials that are not capable of burning in air. Non-flammable substances can be fire and explosion hazard.
Slow-burning (slow-burning) - substances and materials capable of burning in air when exposed to an ignition source, but not capable of burning independently after its removal.
combustible (combustible)- substances and materials capable of spontaneous combustion, as well as ignite when exposed to an ignition source and burn independently after its removal.
All combustible substances are divided into the following main groups:
Combustible gases (GG) - substances capable of forming flammable and explosive mixtures with air at temperatures not exceeding 50 ° C. Combustible gases include individual substances: ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, butyl acetate, hydrogen, vinyl chloride, isobutane, isobutylene, methane, carbon monoxide, propane, propylene, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, as well as vapors of flammable and combustible liquids.
Flammable liquids (FL) - Substances capable of self-burning after removal of the ignition source and having a flash point not higher than 61°C (closed cup) or 66°C (open). Such liquids include individual substances: acetone, benzene, hexane, heptane, dimethylformamide, difluorodichloromethane, isopentane, isopropylbenzene, xylene, methyl alcohol, carbon disulfide, styrene, acetic acid, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, ethylbenzene, ethyl alcohol, as well as mixtures and technical products gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, white spirit, solvents.
Flammable liquids (GZH) - Substances capable of spontaneous combustion after removal of the source of ignition and having a flash point above 61° (closed cup) or 66° C (open cup). Flammable liquids include the following individual substances: aniline, hexadecane, hexyl alcohol, glycerin, ethylene glycol, as well as mixtures and technical products, for example, oils: transformer, vaseline, castor.
combustible dust(/77) - solids in a finely dispersed state. Combustible dust in the air (aerosol) is capable of forming explosives with it.
3 Classification of premises for fire safety
In accordance with the "All-Union norms of technological design" (1995), buildings and structures in which production is located are divided into five categories (table 5).
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Characteristics of substances and materials located (circulating) in the room |
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explosion-fire-dangerous |
Combustible gases, flammable liquids with a flash point of not more than 28 ° C in such an amount that they can form explosive vapor-gas-air mixtures, upon ignition of which the estimated overpressure of the explosion in the room exceeds 5 kPa. Substances and materials capable of exploding and burning when interacting with water, atmospheric oxygen or one with the other in such an amount that the calculated overpressure explosion in the room exceeds 5 kPa. |
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explosive fire-hazardous |
Combustible dusts or fibres, flammable liquids with a flash point of more than 28 ° C, flammable liquids in such an amount that they can form explosive dust or vapor-air mixtures, upon ignition of which an estimated excess explosion pressure in the room develops in excess of 5 kPa. |
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flammable |
Combustible and slow-burning liquids, solid combustible and slow-burning substances and materials that can only burn when interacting with water, atmospheric oxygen or one with the other, provided that the premises in which they are available or circulated do not belong to categories A or B |
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Non-combustible substances and materials in a hot, incandescent or molten state, the processing of which is accompanied by the release of radiant heat, sparks and flames, combustible gases, liquids and solids that are burned or disposed of as fuel |
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Non-flammable substances and materials in a cold state |
Category A: shops for the processing and use of metallic sodium and potassium, oil refining and chemical industries, warehouses for gasoline and cylinders for combustible gases, premises for stationary acid and alkaline battery plants, hydrogen stations, etc.
