How to glue aluminum to aluminum. What and how to glue aluminum to aluminum. Types of cold welding. Cold welding methods

Aluminum is one of the most widely used metals in industry. Highly durable, impact resistant external factors. However, aluminum does not have adhesive qualities.

For this reason, it is necessary to either weld this metal or glue it. How to glue aluminum is a fairly common question. Indeed, in order to weld this metal, you will need special equipment, as well as skills. However, in order to glue aluminum plates, simple glue will not be enough.

Any adhesive mixture for aluminum should contain acids, which should destroy the oxide film of the metal and increase adhesion.

Mechanical processing of metal in this case is not enough. With the help of specialized adhesive mixtures, a reliable connection is ensured.

There are several ways to fasten aluminum:

• adhesive mixture Mastix. With it, you can not only glue aluminum, but also seal any joints. Repair both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The parts to be bonded will hold together securely even in the cold. Mastix can be used even on wet surfaces, the adhesive will quickly and reliably stick two parts together. The mixture is heat resistant, so products made with Mastix can be used over a wide temperature range. Namely, from -55 to +145 degrees Celsius. The cash value of glue for 50 grams is approximately 30 rubles, the price depends on the store and place of residence;

  

• another glue that instantly fixes breakage is cold welding from ASTROhim ACE - 9305. This mixture is able to provide high strength bonding of both aluminum and its alloys. The temperature range is the same as Mastix adhesive mixture. With help cold welding most often, broken fragments of a part, such as a thread, are restored. The monetary value is about 80 rubles per package;
• You can fasten two aluminum parts with Cosmopur 819 polyurethane mortar. A viscous seam is created between the two parts to be glued. Perfect for bridging gaps, gluing corners. Designed for operation with structural and other connections. For 300 milliliters of solution you will have to pay about 500 rubles;
• one of the most common adhesive mixtures is the two-component adhesive Epoxy Metal Moment. It guarantees reliable bonding not only of aluminum, but also of many other metals with each other and in combination with marble, glass and many other materials. A two-component adhesive mixture will help eliminate cracks and gaps. For 50 milliliters of Epoxy Metal, you will have to pay about 350 rubles.

About the types of adhesives can be found on the video:

Action algorithm

Modern technologies make it possible to fasten metal parts using a cold method. For this you will need the following:

• specialized adhesive mixture;
• sandpaper;
• degreasing agent such as acetone.

Thus, the algorithm of actions is as follows:

• first of all, using sandpaper, it is necessary to clean the bonding area from debris, dirt or rust;
• then you need to degrease the surface with a special tool;
• wait until the area is dry;
• apply the adhesive mixture to both parts to be joined;
• press them against each other and fix this position for a quarter of an hour until the glue hardens.

More details can be found on the video:

This algorithm is only an example, depending on which adhesive mixture is used, it may differ slightly from the above.

What else can aluminum be combined with?

Adhesive mix with two components has high adhesive properties. It can be used to bond aluminum to materials of other thermal expansion. For example, plastic, glass, wood or stone. However, due to differences in thermal expansion, strength may not be ideal. To overcome this shortcoming, it is recommended to use an elastic adhesive tape or to resort to a mechanical connection.

Despite the fact that not everyone recognizes the high efficiency of using adhesive mixtures for aluminum, if the work is done correctly, it is possible to ensure a reliable and durable connection of parts. This approach also has one advantage. Adhesive mixtures can also be combined with mechanical fasteners.

Aluminum and its alloys are one of the most common metals in the modern world. It has a lot of advantages, thanks to which it has gained popularity, but its use is also marked by a number of disadvantages. In particular, the problem of fasteners becomes a stumbling block.

This metal does not withstand conventional bolted connections due to its softness. It is possible, but it requires sophisticated equipment and a qualified specialist, who may not be at hand.

Therefore, in many cases, especially when the connection does not have special requirements for tensile strength, aluminum comes to the rescue.

How to glue aluminum to aluminum? Basically, various two-component compositions are used, the basis of which is epoxy resin. An additional component that provides strength and adhesion to metals is finely dispersed steel powder, which is added to the epoxy base immediately before use.

Such adhesives can be produced in various states of aggregation - both in liquid or semi-liquid form, close to the gel or the actual resin, and in the form of mastic - a plasticine-like mass from which rectangular or cylindrical bars are formed.

Each bar consists of two substances not mixed with each other. Mixing, which activates the adhesive properties of the mastic, occurs in the fingers of a person immediately before application.

Advantages and disadvantages of deformation welding

The first method - under pressure - is more often used at the factory.

Its main advantage is that the seam is formed from the same material as the parts, which reduces the cost of conveyor production and allows you to form joints that are close in strength to cast parts.

Pressurized aluminum can be said to be high temperature. It allows parts to withstand the same level of heat as pure aluminum.

Advantages of deformation welding:

• withstands large temperature fluctuations;
• withstands great pressure(but no more than the metal itself can withstand);
• exhibits resistance in aggressive environments;
• does not highlight harmful substances into the environment.

The main disadvantage is only the need to use special equipment for such welding.

There are three main ways of such welding:

1. Butt.
2. Suture.
3. Spot.

In the first case, two parts are connected in a butt-to-butt press and are strongly compressed along the longitudinal axis.

In this way, elements with a local joint area (small size) can be welded. It is necessary to take into account the process of "loss" of material after compression: for example, when welding two pieces of aluminum reinforcement in this way, their total length will be 5-7% less than the total length separately.

Using the suture method, two parts with a large seam length are fastened together, for example, two sides of one sheet, forming a pipe. They are overlapped and placed under the pressure roller. Rotating, the roller squeezes the aluminum sheets and presses them against the support shoe, pressing against each other. Thus, a uniform seam is formed.

The disadvantage of this technology is that this seam itself is a weak point in the design. Therefore, where it is required to withstand high loads, the seam-point method is used, in which the roller is not smooth, but protected. The treads are the working ridges that provide localized pressure, and the seam does not look like a line, but like a uniform chain of dots. It is stronger than a "smooth" seam.

And finally, the actual point method - on two overlapped aluminum sheets or plates, a force is applied at several local points by superhard objects - punches.

When they are pressed into aluminum and then removed, a weld point is formed. With the correct calculation of the geometry of these points and the magnitude of the deforming effect, it is possible to achieve a very high quality connection with minimal losses metal.

Please note: in butt welding, antioxidant treatment, that is, abrasion of the surface oxidized layer, occurs simultaneously with the welding process; in all other processes, it is necessary to pre-clean the surfaces of the parts to be welded from oxides.

Advantages and disadvantages of welding with glue

The main advantage of any adhesive compositions- ease of use in everyday life, for personal needs, including in the production of work with tightness requirements. You can choose an adhesive composition with special additives for high-temperature welding. This method of joining aluminum parts is very simple and cheap.

How to glue aluminum to aluminum? If you are using a two-component mastic bar, then simply cut off the required amount from it and knead it in your fingers until the masses are mixed and softened.

Degrease the surfaces to be bonded with acetone or other solvent, wipe dry and apply the compound. The plastic mass will take any shape and fill any hole, so it can be used to seal cracks in aluminum parts, install plumbing elements and other needs in almost any area.

If you are using a liquid base composition, then, following the instructions, simply mix the metal powder with the epoxy mass until a plastic mass is obtained, and proceed as described above.

If the advantage of such welding is ease of use and low prices for compositions, then there are much more disadvantages.

Therefore, it must either be welded or glued. Since welding can only be done by professionals, aluminum glue is a great household option. But for this metal, only special glue is suitable.

Any adhesive intended for aluminum must contain alkalis and acids in its composition, which destroy its oxide film and increase adhesion, providing a strong connection.

• Adhesive for aluminum Mastix. It is used to glue aluminum, seal containers and joints, repair non-ferrous and ferrous metals, wood, ceramics and plastic in any combination. Even at low temperatures, as well as on greasy and damp surfaces, quickly and reliably glues parts. This is a heat-resistant adhesive for aluminum, so the products glued with it can be operated at very low and extremely high temperatures (from -60 to +150 degrees). The cost of a tube with a volume of 55 g: 33 rubles.

• Cold welding ASTROhim ACE-9305. This is a reliable adhesive for instant repairs, which can come in handy in an emergency to fix a breakdown. Its use provides strong bonding of aluminum and its alloys, as well as restoration of broken or lost fragments, including threads. Temperature range: from -60 to +150 degrees Celsius. Packing cost: 82 rubles.

• Cosmopur 819. A one-component polyurethane adhesive solution that can be used to bond aluminium. It gives a viscous and elastic seam between glued surfaces, is used to fill gaps, glue corners of aluminum structures intended for doors and windows. It is also designed to work with assembly and structural connections. Solvents are not included in its composition. The cost of a package with a volume of 310 ml: 456 rubles.

• Moment Epoxy Metal. Two-component adhesive that guarantees the bonding of aluminum, steel, copper, iron and many other metal products among themselves and in combination with stone, concrete, marble, organic glass and other materials. Suitable for filling cracks and gaps between surfaces. The cost of a 50 ml package: 320 rubles.

How and how to glue aluminum to aluminum

With development modern technologies it became possible to firmly glue aluminum parts together thanks to the cold method.

For this you will need:

• Cold welding adhesive Mastix;
• Sandpaper;
• Alcohol, acetone or any other degreaser.

To glue aluminum together with this glue, you need:

• With sandpaper, clean the surfaces for connection from rust and dirt;
• Degrease with alcohol or acetone;
• Wait until the surface is dry;
• Cut off the required amount of the rod and mix the two components well with your fingers so as to obtain a homogeneous mass in the form of plasticine. Coloring should be uniform;
• Apply the adhesive mixture to both aluminum surfaces to be joined;
• Press firmly and fix them for 15 minutes until the adhesive hardens.

To what and with what else can aluminum be glued

A two-component epoxy-based aluminum adhesive with high adhesive and heat-resistant properties.

With it, aluminum can be bonded to other materials with different thermal expansion: stone, porcelain, wood or plastic.

To glue an aluminum surface with other metals and materials, it is necessary to prepare:

• Epoxy Heat Resistant Adhesive Moment Epoxy Metal;
• Sandpaper;
• brush;
• Means for degreasing the glued surface (alcohol or acetone).

After that, you can get to work:

1. Clean surfaces to be bonded with a coarse sandpaper to remove dirt and rust;
2. Degrease parts with acetone or alcohol;
3. dry;
4. Squeeze out the contents of two syringes of glue (epoxy mass and hardener) into a separate container in a ratio of 1: 1;
5. Mix the epoxy mass and hardener together well with a brush;
6. Apply glue with a brush on both aluminum surfaces to be glued;
7. Connect the parts and press them tightly for a few seconds;
8. Wipe off excess glue immediately with a cloth;
9. Wait 30 minutes for the adhesive mixture to harden.

Although many do not recognize the effectiveness of using glue for aluminum, choosing the right product and performing the glued work clearly according to the instructions, it can be used to achieve the most durable connection.

Moreover, this type of connection can be combined with mechanical fastening.

Adhesive compositions are fairly easy-to-use means of connecting workpieces and parts of the various types. Heat-resistant adhesive for metal is no exception in this sense, since it allows you to do without a welding procedure.

Unlike earlier times, when adhesives were prepared mainly from natural ingredients, modern manufacturers prefer to use synthetic polymers.

Heat-resistant adhesives belong to the category of special chemical compounds, characterized by a high degree of resistance to elevated temperatures.

Application conditions

With the help of heat-resistant compounds, if desired, it is possible to glue not only metal, but also such strong and hard materials like glass, ceramics and bricks. After gluing blanks under conditions of strong heating and subsequent sharp cooling, the fixing properties of such adhesives practically do not change.

The advantage of heat-resistant glue allows its use in various construction and repair operations:

The performance characteristics of heat-resistant adhesives for metal depend on the set of fillers and other components included in them.

Thus, the presence of sand, cement and special plasticizers in the adhesive ensures its resistance to mechanical deformations. And the introduction of special synthetic additives significantly increases the heat-resistant qualities of the fastener, which perfectly glues metals at elevated temperatures.

Characteristics of the adhesive type "300"

High-quality heat-resistant adhesives used for metal in high-temperature operating conditions have the following performance characteristics:

• uniformity (linearity) of expansion in various directions;
• the lower limit of temperature stability is 300 ℃;
• high wear resistance, moisture resistance and thermal conductivity;
• environmental friendliness and versatility, allowing the use of heat-resistant glue for any type of finishing work.

When using heat-resistant mixtures for gluing dissimilar materials (metal and plastic or metal and brick), care should be taken that each of them satisfies the conditions for heat resistance.

The heat-resistant composition for gluing metals of the "300" type is sold in branded tubes of a certain capacity and configuration.

Features of the compositions

Not so long ago during the construction brick oven or fireplace, cement or refractory clay was used as a binder mixture. At present, the organization kiln works heat-resistant adhesives are used, capable of performing their functions at temperatures up to +1000 ℃.

When choosing an adhesive for metal or ceramics that provides reliable adhesion of building components, its chemical activity (toxicity) should be taken into account.

The lower the toxicity index of a heat-resistant adhesive, the more suitable it is for use in a residential environment.

We also note that some manufacturers of heat-resistant mixtures add refractory clay to them, which ensures reliable adhesion of the materials to be glued.

To increase the strength of the joints formed, a special reinforcing element is added to certain types of heat-resistant adhesive, which can be used as fireclay fiber, for example.

The need for such a product most often arises during the construction of fireclay brick furnaces, which are usually laid out in the combustion chambers of these buildings.

For cladding heating systems ceramic tiles use a heat-resistant adhesive similar in structure.

It differs from the samples already considered earlier in that it contains special synthetic additives that provide increased plasticity of the working layer.

The same fastening compositions can be used when installing underfloor heating elements in order to securely fix them on an arbitrarily chosen rigid base.

Aluminum bonding

Before choosing a suitable adhesive for aluminum, it should be remembered that this metal is very difficult to process (including gluing it). The fact is that in the normal state there is always a solid oxide film on the metal surface, which significantly reduces its adhesion with the adhesive mixture.

To get the desired result, you need to take care of preliminary preparation aluminum surfaces to gluing. To do this, they must be treated with special chemical compounds, which are most often used as alkalis and acids.

Sometimes mixtures based on epoxy resins are used for these purposes.

Among the known adhesives for metal, the most preferred is a two-component mixture made on the basis of epoxy or acrylic components, supplemented with a hardener.

To obtain a high-quality connection immediately after processing chemicals(before gluing) the surfaces are degreased and then covered with a layer of a special primer.

When preparing the metal, care must be taken to ensure that the adhesive and primer do not react when mixed to form an undesirable chemical compound.

In addition to the two-component adhesive, another type of heat-resistant adhesive for aluminum processing, colloquially called "cold welding", has become widespread.

This composition is very convenient to use, but does not allow obtaining the required joint strength. Due to this limitation, its main area of ​​​​application is the sealing of minor cracks and cracks.

famous brands

Among the most popular heat-resistant adhesives, glue can be distinguished, referred to as "D-3142". This product is produced by the Russian enterprise "Diola" and can reliably stick ceramic tiles to elements of furnace equipment made of metal.

The adhesive prepared on the basis of this composition is characterized by increased elasticity and retains its shape well. It is able to withstand prolonged heating up to +850 ° and can be used within 3 days after mixing.

Another noteworthy product is Moment Epoxylin glue, which can withstand high temperatures, produced by the well-known Henkel.

This two-component composition is made on the basis of epoxy resin and is intended not only for bonding metals, but also for the repair of ceramics and other fragile materials.

Aluminum is a great metal. Doors, windows, facade systems made of aluminum are lightweight, durable and resistant to environmental influences. One "but": welding of aluminum structures is a complex process, accessible only to professionals.

Therefore, practically the only available for " common use"The method of joining aluminum surfaces is gluing. It would seem, what could be simpler? However, here aluminum shows its cunning temper.

The fact is that in the normal state, aluminum is covered with a hard oxide film, which has a very low adhesion. If it is not destroyed before gluing, any connection will be fragile and short-lived. Simple machining of a part is ineffective: in air, the surface of the part quickly oxidizes again.

Relatively good results can only be achieved by pre-preparing the surface of aluminum parts with acids, alkalis, or special compounds, usually based on polyurethane or epoxy. Therefore, most of the adhesive compositions produced for aluminum include precisely these chemical compounds.

Adhesive for aluminum

The most common is a two-component adhesive for aluminum. As the name implies, it consists of two components: an epoxy or acrylic mass, and a hardener. These components are mixed before use.

A good quality adhesive bond is achieved if, before gluing, the surfaces of aluminum parts are degreased or covered with a special primer, however, in the latter case, it is necessary to ensure that the primer and adhesive, when mixed, do not give an unexpected result. chemical reaction. One-component adhesive for aluminum, popularly called "cold welding", is also widely used.

It is very convenient to use, but the resulting adhesive connection fragile, so "cold welding" is usually used to seal cracks and holes.

Special mention should also be made of the bonding of aluminum to other types of surfaces (eg stone). Due to strong big difference in thermal expansion, the adhesive bond of such surfaces will be fragile. Therefore, in such cases, it is recommended to use a mechanical connection or a connection with an elastic adhesive tape.

And let some say that there is no “good” glue for aluminum, with some diligence and following the instructions, you can achieve a high-quality result in gluing this capricious metal.