Nosebleed is a strong cause. Often there is blood from the nose: causes, treatment, prevention. When nosebleeds are single, and when are periodic

Anyone at least once, but had to deal with nosebleeds. But not everyone knows why the nose bleeds. The reasons for this phenomenon in an adult can be very different: overwork and fatigue, nose injuries, as well as other more serious diseases.

In cases where nosebleeds are quite common, you should immediately undergo a medical examination to identify the true cause or disease.

Similar symptoms can signal a disease of various internal organs- liver, kidneys, and blood. In addition, nosebleeds can be caused by cardiovascular diseases, rheumatism and a variety of infectious diseases.

Classification

The volume of blood leaking from the nose can range from a few milliliters to half a liter.

A blood loss of a few milliliters is considered insignificant. Such bleeding is not dangerous to health and does not lead to any consequences. The only negative point may be fright, hysteria or fainting in young children.
Blood loss is assessed as moderate if its volume does not exceed 200 ml. Such blood loss causes slight weakness, dizziness, rapid pulse and flies before the eyes. Possible blanching of visible mucous membranes and skin.
ABOUT massive blood loss we are talking about cases where up to 300 ml of blood flows out in total or simultaneously. It is accompanied by more pronounced symptoms in comparison with a mild degree: weakness, tinnitus, dizziness, headache, thirst, shortness of breath.
Profuse bleeding characterized by a large volume - 500 ml and above. Massive blood loss leads to hemorrhagic shock, which is expressed in a sharp drop in blood pressure, lethargy, various disturbances of consciousness up to its loss, insufficient blood circulation in the internal organs.

Also, nosebleeds can be conditionally divided into local and general. Local are those that cause blood with local damage to the nose, and general are those that cause bleeding in general.

Why does an adult bleed from the nose: reasons

Drops or trickle of blood emerging from the nasal passages are the result of damage to the vessels. This happens as a result of either mechanical impact (nose injury) or internal processes in the body.

Let us consider in more detail the main reasons why an adult can bleed from the nose, and what to do in this case:

Trauma - most often, various blows to the face area lead to trauma to the nose, which may be accompanied by a fracture of its septum with the development of severe bleeding. IN childhood the habit of picking the nose with a finger or any objects (pencil, pen) leads to injuries of the nasal mucosa.
Impact of external conditions. Long exposure to the sun, overwork, physical activity are factors that can cause spontaneous nosebleeds. This is a solitary phenomenon, it is not a reason to go to the doctor, the blood stops quickly, and the incident is forgotten.
Sunstroke and overheating- one of the main factors of bleeding from the nose, especially in the summer. Because of high temperatures the nasal cavity becomes dry, and the vessels become fragile. They burst easily and cause nosebleeds. To protect yourself from heatstroke, you need to wear a panama or a hat, stay in a shady place more.
Can cause nosebleeds drying of the mucous membranes, as the capillaries become fragile. Drying of the nasal mucosa can be the result of a long stay in a room with dry air or in the cold.

The second group of nosebleeds is caused, as a rule, by much more serious causes, consisting in systemic disorders. In this case, epistaxis is not a separate pathological condition, but a manifestation of the symptoms of diseases of any organs and physiological systems, most often respiratory and circulatory. This group includes diseases such as:

. Elevated blood pressure or can also cause nosebleeds. But this is more of a blessing than a disaster, because it is better to lose some blood and reduce pressure than to have a stroke. By the way, most often pressure drops occur from 4 to 6 in the morning. This fact explains why some people have nosebleeds in the morning.
Inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa() or its sinuses (,) - inflammation weakens the walls of blood vessels, making them more brittle. An acute respiratory viral infection, allergic rhinitis, bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli) can lead to the development of the inflammatory process.
Papillomas in the nose- growths on the mucous membrane. They are the result of a viral infection, dangerous mutations into malignant tumors. Polyps put pressure on blood vessels, make breathing difficult, and cause frequent bleeding in the morning.
- accompanied by weak, fragile vessels, often causing nosebleeds in an adult or child diagnosed with VVD. Additional symptoms are watery discharge of blood, pain in the head, tinnitus.
- changes in blood vessels, loss of their elasticity, frequent damage with the occurrence of various bleeding (internal and external).
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal glands that increases the level of stress hormones. Because of this, the pressure rises sharply and constantly bleeding from the nose. Signs of this tumor are frequent nosebleeds and dryness in the nose. With such symptoms, you should contact the clinic.
Taking medication. As a rule, bleeding is caused by drugs aimed at preventing blood clotting. These include heparin, aspirin and others. Blood from the nose can flow with prolonged and uncontrolled use of nasal sprays that dry out the mucous membranes.
Oncological diseases. Epistaxis occurs with malignant and benign neoplasms in the nose. In addition to bleeding, there may be an ulcer on the nasal mucosa, swelling of the nose, and a change in its shape.
Diseases associated with blood clotting disorder such as hemophilia.
Vitamin C deficiency. As you know, vitamin C strengthens the walls of blood vessels. If it is not enough, the vascular walls become loose and brittle. This fact and may be the answer to the question of why nosebleeds often occur.

In the adults themselves common cause the appearance of blood from the nose is damage to the vessels of the anterior nasal septum (Kisselbach's place), densely penetrated by a network of small arterioles and capillaries. Such bleeding, as a rule, does not pose a threat to human health. The blood from the nose flows out in drops or a thin trickle and, with normal clotting, quickly stops on its own.

The situation is worse when the vessels of the upper and posterior sections of the nasal cavity are damaged. The arteries here are noticeably larger than in the anterior section, and therefore the bleeding is stronger, can cause significant harm to health and even lead to death due to very strong blood loss. In this case, the blood flows in a bright red, non-foamy stream, may appear from the mouth, and practically does not stop on its own.

What to do when nose bleeds?

There is no point in treating only the symptoms, since the underlying disease must be eliminated. The causes of frequent nosebleeds are determined by the doctor. It is necessary to visit a therapist or a pediatrician and an otolaryngologist. For diagnosis, you will need to take a general blood test and check the indicators of its coagulability.

Nosebleeds may not be as harmless. Many do not pay enough attention to this. If blood from the nose worries in rare cases, and then due to mechanical impact, then there is no need to worry.

If the blood from the nose bothers you often, it spurts, or the bleeding is profuse and prolonged - all this is a signal for promptly seeking help from a specialist.

How to stop nosebleeds?

If blood flows out of the nose as a result of mechanical damage and there is little of it, and apart from a slight headache, there are no signs of serious illness, you can deal with the problem yourself. The sequence of tasks is as follows: first we stop the bleeding, then with the help of analgesics, you can reduce the intensity of pain.

Take a sitting position and slightly tilt your head back. Loosen the tie knot, unbutton the collar. Do not tilt your head forward - this will cause a rush of blood to the nose area and increase bleeding. You can’t tilt your head back either - blood will penetrate into the nasopharynx and lead to vomiting.

On the bridge of the nose, you can put a piece of ice or a towel moistened cold water, - not for long, about ten minutes. A towel moistened with cold water can also be applied to the back of the neck. It is advisable to press the nostril from which blood flows for 5-10 minutes until the bleeding stops. If the bleeding is intense or does not stop, then use tampons. For this, cotton swabs moistened with hydrogen peroxide are suitable, they must be inserted into the nose, but not too deep, and sit for 10-15 minutes.

If there is no tampon and hydrogen peroxide, then insert a bandage into the nostril from which blood flows, leaving at least 10 centimeters outside so that it can be freely removed from the nostril. This is done in order to prevent the exit of blood from the nose. Also, if you have vasoconstrictor drugs for nasal instillation, then apply a few drops to a swab and insert it into your nose. These drops will help tighten the damaged vessel, which caused the bleeding. Then place the person in a cool, quiet and dark room. Sometimes these measures are enough.

If the bleeding is profuse and it cannot be stopped quickly enough at home, the head hurts badly, speech, vision or consciousness as a whole are impaired, urgently call ambulance.

The causes of nosebleeds in adults can be different. To identify them for sure, it is recommended to consult a doctor and undergo a medical examination. If in the near future you will not be able to get to the hospital, then you can find out the main causes of nosebleeds in adults from the presented article.

general information

Nosebleeds (causes in adults will be described a little later) and are concepts that are close, but not equal in meaning. To find out what is the difference between these pathological processes, let's define each of them:

Nose bleed. This phenomenon is observed when blood comes from the vessels of the nasal cavity, as well as its paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. As a rule, this process occurs due to a violation of their integrity.
Bleeding from the nose. Most often, this pathological condition occurs when the upper walls of the nasal cavity are damaged. In other words, the integrity of the vessels located in the skull is violated.

Sources of bleeding

Nosebleeds in adults and children can come from a variety of sources. So, often blood comes from the respiratory tract, esophagus and even the stomach. In such cases, it flows into the nasal cavity through the so-called choanae, that is, the internal openings that connect the pharynx.

Everything about nosebleeds in adults and children is not known even to the most experienced doctors, because the mucous membrane of this organ is very actively supplied with blood, as it has a huge circulatory network woven from small vessels and capillaries.

According to statistics, most often regularly occurring nosebleeds indicate the development of a serious illness. Although such a pathology can occur in quite healthy people of different ages.

Nosebleeds: Causes

Causes of nosebleeds in adults and children are divided into local and general. To understand how they differ in people of different ages, consider them in more detail.

Children

The mucous membrane of the child's nose is quite delicate, which is why it is easily injured. Its blood supply is provided by branches of the carotid artery. In 90% of cases, it is small capillaries that bleed in children, which are located in the anterior-lower section of the septum of the new cavity, where, in fact, the most bleeding zone is located, informally called the Kisselbach zone.

In childhood, in addition to general and local causes of nosebleeds, external ones are also isolated. These include damage to the vessels of the mucosa:

foreign body (pea button, pencil, toy parts, etc.);
while picking his nose with his finger.

local causes

Causes of local bleeding from the nose of young children include:

atrophic rhinitis;
nose injuries, as well as bruises or fractures;
tumors in the nasal passages (hemangiomas, angiofibromas or polyps);
drying of the membrane of the nasal cavity, which leads to fragility of the capillaries (with a long stay in an unventilated and very hot room).

Common Causes

Common causes of nosebleeds in young children include:

increase in body temperature of the child;
infectious diseases (for example, SARS, scarlet fever, influenza, etc.);
blood diseases with a violation of its coagulation;
increased intracranial or arterial pressure;
liver disease;
hereditary diseases (for example, hemophilia);
excessive physical activity (during sports, games, etc.);
hormonal changes;
lack of certain trace elements and vitamins in the body;
overheating in the sun, as well as sudden changes in pressure (atmospheric).

Teenagers

Bleeding from the nose is a dangerous sign if this deviation occurs very often and is accompanied by headaches or other pains.

It should be noted that the general and local causes of nosebleeds in adolescents are the same as in young children. But most often this deviation is associated with hormonal changes in the child's body (during puberty).

Among other things, the blood from the nose of a teenager can regularly flow due to increased arterial or intracranial pressure due to excessive psycho-emotional or physical exertion. In other words, overwork is the most likely cause of bleeding in children 12-16 years old.

Adults

What are the causes of nosebleeds in adults? They are also divided into local and general. By the way, with age, this phenomenon occurs more and more often. Let's consider in more detail what it can be connected with.

Reasons are local

Local causes of nosebleeds in adults may include the following:

Common reasons

What else can cause nosebleeds? Causes in adults (general) are often as follows:

disorders in the blood coagulation system, as well as its diseases (for example, leukemia) and hemorrhagic diathesis;
lack of vitamins K and C in the body, lack of calcium;
congenital pathology (for example, Rendu-Osler disease, hemophilia);
pathology of the vascular system (for example, hypertension, heart disease, atherosclerosis and vascular anomaly);
pathological conditions due to sudden pressure drops (most often found in pilots, divers, astronauts, climbers, etc.);
fever (for example, with kidney and liver diseases, infectious diseases);
when the body overheats;
hormonal imbalances (for example, during pregnancy or menopause);
reception medicines that prevent blood clotting.

It should also be noted that nosebleeds in healthy people can occur due to a stressful situation or significant physical exertion. The reason for this deviation is often the inhalation of dry or frosty air (hot summer or cold winter).

It is not uncommon for healthy adults to leak after prolonged exposure to the sun (or as a result of the so-called "sunstroke"). In this case, a person has tinnitus, weakness, severe headaches, and sometimes loss of consciousness.

If bleeding occurs infrequently in healthy people and is not associated with serious internal diseases, then, as a rule, such a phenomenon quickly stops and is not particularly abundant.

Aged people

In older people, nosebleeds can occur for the same reasons as in healthy adults, but with some nuances. The main feature of this age is that in an old person, the capillaries of the posterior parts of the nose lose their elasticity over time, resulting in profuse bleeding.

It should also be noted that hypertension is a fairly common cause of this deviation in the elderly.

Why can nose bleed?

Now you know why certain people periodically or constantly experience nosebleeds. 4 main reasons:

mechanical damage to the vessels in the nasal cavity;
hormonal imbalance;
internal diseases;
arterial or intracranial pressure.

Bleeding from the nose: causes, treatment and first aid

Above, we talked in detail about why such a deviation may occur in a person at a particular age. Now I want to tell you about how to provide first aid for such a deviation.

If a person has severe nosebleeds, it is recommended:

Sit on a chair and tilt your head slightly. Throwing it back is highly discouraged, as blood can therefore be easily swallowed, cause vomiting, or even enter the respiratory tract.
If the bleeding was caused by overheating in the sun, then the person should be immediately taken to a shade or ventilated room (preferably cool).
During bleeding, it is recommended to unbutton the collar, and then open the window for more access to fresh cool air.
A tissue bag filled with ice should be applied to the nose, or a bandage (handkerchief) soaked in cold water.
If for a long time, then the wing of the respiratory organ should be pressed with a finger to the nasal septum and held for about 10 minutes.
To quickly stop bleeding, moisten a swab (gauze or cotton) in a 3% peroxide solution and gently insert it into the nose.

Nosebleeds in adults are different reasons. Often this condition is caused by damage to the mucous membrane and does not pose a threat to a person’s well-being at all. But we must not forget that blood from the nose can be the initial sign of a dangerous disease. With bleeding of such a plan, both the person himself and those around him can be frightened. It is important to understand the causes of this phenomenon and be able to eliminate them in a timely manner.

What is a nosebleed

More often, anterior nosebleeds occur, provoked by damage to small capillaries located in the submucosal layer. These vessels provide blood to part of the cartilage. With such epistaxis, there is no danger to health, since the volume of blood lost is minimal. If there are no problems with blood clotting, then such bleeding stops completely in just a couple of minutes.

In about 5% of cases, severe nosebleeds occur due to damage to the large arteries at the back of the nose. Often there is heavy bleeding, which is difficult to stop. Such a pathological phenomenon can quickly lead not only to a significant deterioration in health, but even to the death of a person. With strong back bleeding, the blood is scarlet, it flows in a continuous stream and it is almost impossible to stop it on your own. A sign of posterior epistaxis is considered to be a taste of blood in the mouth, as well as hematemesis, due to the flow of blood streams along the back wall of the larynx and into the stomach. In especially severe cases, blood can flow from the lacrimal canal, this can be explained by the fact that the blood goes up.

Depending on the volume of blood flowing from the nose, there are several degrees of bleeding:

Small blood loss. The nose bleeds for only a few minutes. The blood loss is only a couple of milliliters. This state of danger for people is not. The only trouble may be fear and fainting, which is especially common in children and women.
Average blood loss. The volume of blood lost can be more than 1 liter, which is about 20% of all blood that circulates in the body. The blood can take quite a long time. This is accompanied by dizziness, abnormal weakness, a feeling of intense thirst, shortness of breath and migraine.
Severe bleeding. The blood does not stop for a long time. The volume of expired blood is more than 20% of the total volume of blood that is in the body. Large blood loss always leads to shock, which is manifested by severe lethargy, a sharp decrease in pressure and a noticeable impairment of consciousness. A huge danger to the state of human life is sudden and short-term nosebleeds, when a lot of blood flows out.

If blood often flows from the nose, then you should see a doctor and undergo a detailed examination. The reason for this phenomenon can be both capillary fragility and serious health problems.

Nosebleeds are often found in pregnant women, which is explained by hormonal changes in the whole body. After the birth of a child, this phenomenon disappears without a trace.

Why does the nose bleed

There are a lot of causes of nosebleeds in adults, all of them can be divided into two separate groups. Nosebleeds in an adult may begin to flow into different occasions, this includes injuries to the head and bridge of the nose, as well as various diseases.

Reasons for a local plan

Nosebleeds of a local nature usually occur when the nasal mucosa or cartilage is damaged. These reasons include:

Nose injuries - fractures, bruises and burns.
Mucosal scratching. This often occurs when the nostrils are carelessly cleansed of dried crusts, with strong blowing of the nose and frequent scratching of the nasal passages with a finger.
Barotrauma. A pressure surge can provoke bleeding. This is typical of pilots and divers.
Thinning of the mucosa due to the use of various medicines. This often occurs with influenza, SARS and sinusitis of a chronic nature. Bleeding can be with prolonged use of vasoconstrictor drops and sprays.
Inhalation of narcotic components, in particular cocaine.
Curvature of the septum in an adult can also lead to bleeding that occurs constantly.
Tumors different type in the nose. These are polyps, cysts and carcinomas.
Heatstroke.
Operations on the nose.
Prolonged use of an oxygen tube.

Prolonged inhalation of dry air can also be attributed to the causes of blood from the nose in an adult. In this case, the mucosa becomes very thin and easily injured. Breathing in too cold air can also cause severe nosebleeds.

Vasoconstrictor drops and sprays can be used for no more than 5 days. Otherwise, the mucosa becomes thin and there may be epistaxis. In addition, with prolonged use of such drugs, there is a risk of addiction.

Causes of a systemic nature

The causes of frequent nosebleeds can also be systemic pathologies, as well as some factors that affect the vessels:

Allergic diseases.
Vascular diseases, both congenital and acquired.
Blood diseases - leukemia, leukemia and others.
Avitaminosis - epistaxis in women and men often occurs with a lack of vitamins C and K.
Consumption of alcoholic beverages, which leads to a strong expansion of blood vessels.
Diseases of the heart, as well as connective tissue.
Side effects associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Hemophilia and other pathologies associated with impaired blood clotting.
Pathology of the urinary system.
Severe infectious diseases. Including HIV.
In a woman, the cause of such bleeding may be pregnancy. During this period, hormonal changes in the body are observed, which also affects the fragility of blood vessels.

The cause of epistaxis in an adult can also be a strong physical overstrain. In older people, nosebleeds often run due to thinning of the mucous membrane due to age.

It is required to find out the cause of nosebleeds as soon as possible in order to understand how dangerous such a phenomenon is for a person.

What to do if nose bleeds

If a person has a nosebleed, he needs emergency care. Some people with such bleeding are in a hurry to tilt their heads back strongly, which is unacceptable. On the contrary, the head should be tilted forward and at the same time the wings of the nose should be pressed down. Further first aid is concluded in such manipulations:

The person is comfortably seated or laid to bed with the upper body raised with pillows. If blood began to flow in a dream, then the person should be awakened and seated, leaning on the pillows. The head should be slightly tilted forward or turned to the side.
In the room you need to open the window and the door. All squeezing clothing is removed from the victim - shirts with tight collars, ties, bras and belts.
Cold must be applied to the area of the bridge of the nose. It can be ice wrapped in a napkin, or any cold product. The nostril, from which the blood runs more, is pressed against the bridge of the nose and held for 10 minutes. Blood that has entered the larynx must be spit out.
Cotton turundas soaked in hydrogen peroxide or any vasoconstrictor drops are introduced into the nasal passage. Suitable Naphthyzin, Rhinorus and Nazivin.
If the blood from the nose went when cleaning the crusts, then the turunda should be soaked in vaseline oil. Due to this, the shell will soften and the bleeding will stop.
If bleeding in a woman or a man arose from overheating in the sun, then the victim should be moved to the shade. Remove from the victim all squeezing clothing, then sprinkle the face and limbs with cool water. On the forehead, you can put a napkin soaked in cool water.

If severe bleeding in an adult began for no apparent reason, then the victim should apply cold to the bridge of the nose and quickly call an ambulance.

With profuse nosebleeds, it is strictly forbidden to tilt your head back and pinch your nostrils!

Features of treatment

If the nose bleeds too often, a detailed examination is required to make a diagnosis. After that, a treatment plan is determined.

There are several treatments for nosebleeds. Therapy may consist of such items.

Nasal packing. For this purpose, cotton flagella impregnated with hemostatic drugs are used. The most commonly used is thrombin.
Cauterization of damaged vessels. This procedure is carried out using lactic or chromic acid. Zinc salts or silver solution may be used.
Ultrasonic destruction of the vessels of the nasal cavity, laser therapy or their cauterization with liquid nitrogen.
With frequent and heavy bleeding, surgical intervention is indicated. In this case, large vessels are tied up or the periosteum is detached.

With fragility of blood vessels, Ascorutin tablets are indicated. In addition, the patient should eat a lot of foods rich in vitamins C and K.

With massive bleeding, treatment can take place in a hospital setting. In this case, intravenous infusions of glucose and saline are indicated. In severe cases, a blood transfusion may be recommended.

When you need urgent medical attention

Sometimes, if blood has flowed from the nose, urgent medical attention is needed. You can not hesitate to contact a specialist in such cases:

With injuries of the nose - severe bruises and fractures, which are accompanied by edema and massive bleeding.
If bleeding began as a result of treatment with aspirin or hormonal drugs.
If epistaxis occurs against the background of dizziness, severe weakness or headache.

It is urgent to call an ambulance if the bleeding from the nose is due to a head injury and the victim's extremities become cold. Do not hesitate to call the doctor even if the blood goes on for more than 15 minutes.

Nosebleeds can occur for a variety of reasons. Head and nose injuries, ailments of a different nature and pressure drops can lead to such a pathological phenomenon. Initially, you should find the root cause, and then treat epistaxis.

Everyone has had a nosebleed for some reason at least once. Unsuccessful manipulations with hygiene procedures, strong blowing your nose, blow during physical education.

However, there are bleedings that you need to pay close attention to, because they are a harbinger of a serious illness. This may be hypertension and diseases of the paranasal sinuses, a violation of blood clotting and fragility of blood vessels.

Depending on the nature of bleeding and previous symptoms, the doctor makes a diagnosis and prescribes treatment. With frequent bleeding, do not forget to consult a doctor for advice.

Types of nosebleeds in adults

Nosebleeds can go anywhere. For some, it just drips, for others it flows in a stream, and it is difficult to stop it. Be sure to focus on blood loss in order to have time to call an ambulance if necessary.

There are several types of bleeding, for example:

All types of bleeding have a cause, so it is very important to understand the problem in order to exclude a critical condition.

Nosebleeds: Causes in an Adult

Let's take a look at what could be the cause:

The most common cause of bleeding is trauma. They can be accompanied by a broken nose, so be sure to consult a specialist. The second common problem may be a long stay in the sun, overwork.

Bleeding is minor and often goes away on its own. Exposure to heat can also cause blood loss, which is usually eliminated quite easily. Dryness of the mucosa and fragility of capillaries are more common among residents of megacities, since it is they who are more faced with dry air due to air conditioners and batteries and a lack of vitamins and minerals.

Taking certain types of medications can also affect the capillaries. Therefore, you should pay attention to the problem if you are taking antiplatelet agents, vitamin K, hormones, acetylsalicylic acid. Often, drugs are used to thin blood clots, which can affect the frequency of bleeding.

With liver problems, in particular those associated with alcoholism, you may also encounter an increase in nosebleeds. This is due to the loss of vitamins and thinning of the capillary walls.

There is blood from the nose at night or in the morning: causes in adults

Most often, in adults, blood at night can come from overwork and lack of sleep. Sometimes sinusitis, rhinitis, or high pressure. The most important thing is to get up and wash with cold water. If the blood flows in a continuous stream, you need to stop the bleeding with cotton wool soaked in hydrogen peroxide or a solution of vasoconstrictor nasal drops. If even ice does not help, it is better to call an ambulance.

Intracranial pressure, hormonal failure can cause bleeding in adults in the morning. If a person does not get enough sleep, works in shifts, it is worth reviewing the work schedule and adding days off. Constant bleeding from the nose can indicate fragility of blood vessels, an onset of the disease, or a lack of vitamin C.

Be sure to check for availability. various diseases. The doctor often prescribes Askorutin if fragility of the vessels is observed. With dry mucous membranes, nasal lavage with an isotonic solution can be prescribed, which can be done at home on your own.

Just stir half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water.

Rinsing the mouth and washing the nose, when one nostril needs to draw in water and then release it, will help strengthen the walls of blood vessels, improve the surface of the mucous membrane and strengthen the immune system.

What to do when blood flows from the nose of an adult?

Most often, an adult responds adequately to bleeding, but some are afraid of it and may panic. First of all, it is necessary to calm the victim, create everything the necessary conditions for his speedy recovery.

Be sure to see a doctor if bleeding becomes regular. This suggests that urgent action is needed. The therapist, otolaryngologist will examine and prescribe the necessary medications that will strengthen the blood vessels or cure the infection.

If the air is dry, you can buy a humidifier at home, lubricate the nose with various vegetable oils such as olive or sunflower.

Do not blow your nose hard, if the vessels are brittle, then the slightest internal tension will create a tendency to bleed in the nose.

Treatment of nosebleeds (in hospital, at home)

In order to stop bleeding, the hospital uses several methods. Usually use hemostatic therapy, tamponade, anterior or posterior. Since the method is quite complicated, it is necessary to carry it out only in medical institutions.

The swab can be impregnated with special solutions, including antibiotics. Sometimes it is administered for several hours, and sometimes it is left for several days. With tamponade, fixation with threads is performed so that it does not enter the respiratory tract. If the bleeding cannot be stopped, the doctor may suggest surgery.

The doctor may prescribe a consultation with a hematologist, as well as ask to take tests for biochemistry, a general blood test and a coagulogram. If the cause of the bleeding was a disease, then it is necessary to cure it, only in this case there is a chance to get rid of the bleeding.

At home, as mentioned above, you can use:

Hydrogen peroxide 3%;
Cold items;
Drip drops in the nose;
Alternatively, you can try contrast baths, when hands are lowered into cold water and your feet are hot. However, in the presence of thrombosis, it is better not to experiment;
Small swab.

The patient needs to be reassured, seated on a chair and advised to breathe more calmly. This will help lower your blood pressure and calm your heartbeat. The blood flow to the head will decrease and the nosebleeds may stop.

Do not use various drugs and folk remedies if the bleeding does not stop, it is better to go to an ambulance.

What not to do if an adult has a nosebleed

If the blood flows in a thin stream, then it will quickly stop and clot. But with heavy bleeding of a bright red color, even from the mouth, it is necessary to sound the alarm. There is no way to stop the bleeding on your own, and you need to urgently call a doctor.

You can not blow your nose, the blood can go stronger. Do not throw your head back too much, blood can enter the stomach, and vomiting will begin. You also do not need to tilt your head down and forward, as the bleeding will increase.

It is necessary to unfasten the clothes, if it squeezes the neck, sit on a chair, stop panicking. Many are frightened by the sight of blood, so they rush around the room or even faint.

Do not take alcohol or drugs without a doctor's prescription, this can aggravate the situation. If you don't know what a person can't stand, the best remedy- a swab of gauze or cotton wool in the nose and cold to the bridge of the nose.

For more information on the causes of nosebleeds in adults, see the next video.

Occasionally, children and adults experience nosebleeds. Most often it is not dangerous and has a visible reason. However, it often happens that the blood goes, as it were, to empty place: nothing hurt, did not bother, and the blood suddenly went. What it can be, how to act and how to stop the bleeding, whether examination and tests are necessary, which doctor to contact - we discuss these issues along with the site.

Why does bleeding occur?

The nose is an important sensory organ, due to it we feel all the flavors of life, it helps us fight penetration into the body infections .

There are many nerve endings and blood vessels in the nose, many of which are located in the area of the nasal septum just under the layer of epithelium. Due to this position and the thin vascular wall, they can often bleed as a result of vascular damage. Causes of nosebleeds doctors are divided into two large groups:

local processes associated directly with the nose area,
processes that affect the entire body as a whole.

Local causes of bleeding

Bleeding from the nose is a danger sign

Local processes that can cause bleeding are injury to the nose or its mucosa, this occurs with falls and blows to the face, fractures of the nose. Trauma to the mucosa is common in children due to the insertion of toy parts into the nose or trauma to the mucosa with a fingernail or sharp object.

Other reasons may be inflammation in the nose or sinuses, this is acute rhinitis, sinusitis and sinusitis with the formation of crusts in the nose and injury to the mucosa. For some inflammations in the nose, for example, allergies , there is an influx of blood to the vessels, and the vessels do not withstand pressure.

Curvature of the nasal septum or atrophy of the mucous membrane, various neoplasms in the nasal cavity also injure the vessels and cause bleeding.

Diseases of the whole body and bleeding from the nose

Bleeding from the nose is a danger sign

However, blood from the nose can also go with serious illnesses of the whole organism. So, nosebleeds occur with diseases of the heart and blood vessels, hypertension and atherosclerotic lesions in the vessels of the brain, circulatory disorders in cervical spine . Then the normal circulation of blood through the vessels is disrupted and the pressure inside the nasal capillaries rises, which they cannot withstand and burst.

Nosebleeds can be a symptom of blood clotting problems, including hereditary ones, an overdose of drugs that affect blood flow and clotting, with vitamin deficiency - for example, vitamin PP and C, which make the vascular wall strong.

Blood from the nose can go as a result of thermal effects on the body, this is possible with overheating in the sun, fever with infectious diseases. Nosebleeds can occur with a sharp change in pressure in climbers or divers, in violation of the balance of hormones, pregnancy.

Whatever the reasons that led to the development of bleeding, you must be able to provide first aid and decide whether you need help and specialist advice, whether it needs to be done urgently or you can consult a doctor as planned.

First aid measures for nosebleeds

Usually, when a nosebleed occurs, out of habit, we reflexively throw our heads back up, pressing a handkerchief or napkin to our nose. Unfortunately, this is a common and dangerous misconception; it is impossible to throw your head back with nosebleeds.

Bleeding from the nose - a dangerous sign / shutterstock.com

This can lead to ingestion and inhalation of blood, especially with heavy bleeding, vomiting and obstruction (blood blockage) of the bronchi. It is necessary to sit down and lean head forward, looking between the legs apart, this is necessary so that the blood from the wings of the nose flows forward.

In addition, it is necessary to calm down and give air access by unbuttoning a tight belt, a shirt collar or a woman's bra. If bleeding occurs at home, attach a piece of frozen meat or an ice cube to the bridge of the nose, this will narrow the blood vessels and stop the bleeding faster.

If the bleeding does not stop, you can press the nostril against the nasal septum for about ten minutes. By squeezing the vessels and slowing down the blood flow in them, a blood clot is quickly formed there, which will clog the vessel.

If these measures do not help, you can try to use vasoconstrictor drops used for a cold - naphthyzinum, sanorin. After making a cotton swab and soaking it in the medicine, insert it into the nasal cavity as densely and deeply as possible. If the bleeding is caused by dry crusts in the nose from a runny nose, it is necessary to lubricate the nasal cavity vegetable oil or petroleum jelly, the crusts will soften from this and the bleeding will stop.

If the nosebleed is caused by overheating, it is necessary to take the victim into the shade and apply a cool compress to the nose area. If you suspect a heat stroke, you should immediately examine the person by calling an ambulance and hospitalizing the victim.