There are certain laws that govern the movement of electric current inside the human body. The human and animal body are complex electrical systems where there is an electricity generator, conductors (peripheral nervous system), objects of partial absorption of biocurrents (internal organs) and objects of complete absorption of biocurrents (acupuncture points). The animal’s body has its own “power plants” (brain, heart, retina, inner ear, taste buds, etc.), “power lines” (nerve branches of varying thickness), “consumers” of biocurrents (brain, heart, lungs , liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine glands, muscles, etc.) and absorbers of ballast electricity (in the form of biologically active points located under the skin).
If we consider the human body from a “technical” point of view, then a person is an autonomous self-regulating electrical system. Physics names three main components of an electrical circuit: an electric current generator, a power transmission system (current conductors) and a consumer (absorber) of electricity. For example, a power plant generates electric current, a power transmission line (PTL) transmits electricity over long distances to the consumer (plant, factory, residential buildings etc.). It is known from the physics of electricity that electric current will flow in a circuit only if there is an excess of electrons at one end of the conductor and a deficiency at the other end. Electric current moves from a positive electric charge to a negative one. Conditions for the movement of electric current will not arise until a potential difference appears in the electrical circuit. An electricity generator creates an excess of electrons in one place, and electricity consumers act as continuous electron sinks. If consumers of electricity did not absorb electrons, but gradually accumulated them, then over time their potential would become equal to the electrical potential of the generator, and then the movement of electricity in the circuit would stop. Therefore, the first law of bioelectrophysics can be formulated as follows: for the movement of electric currents in a circuit, the presence of three components in the form of a generator ( electric plus), which produces electrons, a conductor of current, which transfers electrons from one place to another, and a consumer of electricity (electrical minus), which absorbs electrons.
It is well known that thanks to the biocurrent moving through the nervous tissues, intestinal peristalsis, contraction of the muscular tissue of the heart, and the work of the muscular-articular apparatus (thanks to which a person walks and performs labor activities) occur. Thinking and expression of emotions are also carried out due to the movement of biocurrents through the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex. The flow of biocurrents along the nerve trunks to the speech apparatus makes it possible for people to communicate with each other. Bioimpulses emanating from the brain regulate the synthesis of proteins in the liver, hormones in the endocrine glands, affect the excretory function of the kidneys, and establish the frequency of respiratory movements. A person as a whole should be perceived as a complex electrical (cybernetic) system that is capable of mental and physical activity and reproduction. Of course, the “electrical” structure of a living organism is much more complex than the banal electrical circuit. But general principles their activities are the same.

admin - Mon, 30/11/2009 - 10:41

We have to consider how a magnetic field can influence the human body, what are the possible ways (mechanisms) of this influence. To do this, we need to understand what role electricity and magnetism play in the life of the body. After all, an external magnetic field can act either on electric currents and electric charges, or on magnets present in the human body.

Let's consider how the human body works from this point of view, namely: what role electric currents and charges, as well as magnetic fields, play in its life.

The fact that in the human, as in any living organism, there are electric currents called biocurrents (i.e., electric currents in biological systems), became known a long time ago. These currents, like any electric currents, represent the ordered movement of electrical charges, and in this sense they are no different from the current in the electrical network. The role of biocurrents in the functioning of the human body is very great.

The role of electrical charges (electrons and ions) in the functioning of the body is also very important. They are regulators in the passages of cell membranes leading from the cell to the outside and from the outside into the cell, thus determining all the basic processes of the cell's life.

In addition to electric currents and electric charges, there are small magnets in a living organism. These are molecules of body tissues, primarily water molecules. It is known that two magnets interact with each other. That is why the magnetic needle in the field of another magnet - the Earth - turns its southern end towards the north of the earth's magnet. Likewise, small magnets in the body - molecules - are capable of rotating under the influence of an external magnet. An external magnetic field will orient molecules in a certain way, and this will affect the functioning of the body. In a living organism there are huge molecules consisting of thousands and millions of ordinary molecules. The properties of these macromolecules also depend on how they are oriented in space. This determines their performance of certain functions in the body. If such macromolecules have a magnetic moment (i.e. are magnets), such as DNA molecules, then under the influence of a change in the Earth’s magnetic field or any other external magnetic field, the molecules will be oriented differently than in the absence of this field. Since they deviate from the desired direction, they can no longer perform their functions normally. The human body suffers from this.

The circulatory system is a system that conducts electric current, i.e. it is a conductor. It is known from physics that if a conductor is moved in a magnetic field, then an electric current arises in this conductor. A current also occurs if the conductor is stationary, and the magnetic field in which it is located changes over time. This means that when moving in a magnetic field, in addition to useful biocurrents in the human body (and any animal), additional electrical currents arise that affect the normal functioning of the body itself. When a bird is in flight and crosses magnetic field lines, electric currents arise in its circulatory system, which depend on the direction of its movement relative to the direction of the magnetic field. Thus, birds navigate in space thanks to the Earth’s magnetic field. When there is a magnetic storm, the magnetic field changes over time, and this will cause biocurrents in the body.

If we use the terminology of radio amateurs, we can say that electrical currents are generated in the human body. Radio amateurs and radio specialists know the secrets of eliminating these interferences on radio circuits, because only by eliminating these interferences can normal operation of the radio equipment be achieved.

The human body, which in terms of complexity cannot be compared with any of the most complex radio circuits, is not protected by anyone from the interference that arises in it during solar and magnetic storms.

A. L. Chizhevsky wrote in 1936: “Now we are faced with another question: how to protect a person from the deadly influence of the environment if it is associated with atmospheric electricity and electromagnetic radiation? How to protect a sick person going through the process of illness? After all, it is clear that if the crisis passes safely - and the crisis sometimes lasts only a day or two, a person will live for decades more... Yes, physics knows ways to protect a person from such harmful influences of the Sun or similar ones, no matter where they come from. The savior here is metal...”

A. L. Chizhevsky, proposing to place patients in shielded rooms during periods of solar storms metal sheets chambers, further writes: “Such a chamber must be covered on all six sides with a layer of metal of appropriate thickness and appropriate impermeability without a single hole. The entrance and exit from it must ensure that harmful radiation does not penetrate inside, which is easily achieved by a well-armored front with two doors. The restroom must also be armored on all sides and adjacent closely to the armored ward...”

But in real conditions, patients remain unprotected during periods of solar and magnetic storms. Is it any wonder that the number of heart attacks during these periods increases several times, the number of cases of sudden death increases several times, the incidence of glaucoma increases, etc., etc.

Now let's look specifically at how the main parts of the human body are built and function from an electrical point of view. Let's start with the cell. All living organisms are made up of cells and have a lot in common, since their cells are structured the same. Cells are capable of multiplying, changing, and responding to external stimuli.

The structure of the cell is very clearly and accessiblely described by E. A. Liberman in his “Living Cell” (M., Nauka, 1982). We will follow this description. Let's imagine the cell in the form of a medieval city-state.

The outer border of this city (cell) is surrounded by a fortress wall, which keeps the inhabitants within the city walls and allows them in and out of the city only with a certain password. This city wall is the membrane of a cell. The functions of cell membranes are very serious; a lot in the body depends on them. Currently, a whole science has been formed that studies cell membranes - membranology. Let's consider further internal organization cells. Inside this cell city there is a palace from which all orders come to the inhabitants of the city. The palace (the core of the cell) is surrounded by a second fortress wall.

If you look at the city (cage) from a bird's eye view, you can see separate groups of buildings that are surrounded by fortress walls. They house institutions with their own special functions. These groups of buildings are also surrounded by fortress walls. But these walls do not serve as protection from an external enemy located outside the city (the cell); they contain the inhabitants of the institutions themselves within their boundaries. For example, a cell has colonies surrounded by a double membrane (wall) called lysosomes. If lysosomes get outside the boundaries of their institution, then like mad they will begin to destroy all the substances that make up the cell that come their way. After a short time, they are able to destroy the entire cell.

Why does the cell need these lysosomes, which are contained in special insulators behind a double fortress wall - a double membrane? They are needed in case you need to remove unnecessary, decaying substances in the cell. Then, on command from the palace (core), they do this. Often these bubbles in the cell are called "scavengers". But if for some reason the membrane holding them back is destroyed, these “scavengers” can turn into “gravediggers” for the entire cell. Such a destroyer of the membranes that restrain lysosomes can be a magnetic field. Under its action, the membranes are destroyed and lysosomes gain freedom of action. There are other factors that can destroy these membranes. But we will not consider them here. Let us only point out that if lysosomes destroy the cells of malignant tumors, then in this case they can be called orderlies.

The entire administrative apparatus is located in the palace (the core of the cell), which occupies a third of the entire city (cell). This is mainly the famous DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). It is designed to store and transmit information during cell division. The nucleus also contains a significant amount of basic proteins - histones and some RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Cells work, build, multiply. It takes energy. The cell itself produces the energy it needs. There are energy stations in the cell. These stations occupy an area 50 - 100 times smaller than the area of ​​the palace buildings, i.e., the core of the cell. The power stations are also surrounded by a double fortress wall. But it is not only intended to limit the station, but is also an integral part of it. Therefore, the wall design corresponds technological process obtaining energy.

Cells receive energy from the cellular respiration system. It is released as a result of the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids, which are obtained in the digestive tract and in the liver from carbohydrates, fats and proteins. But the most important supplier of energy in the cell is glucose.

It is clear how important energy production is in a cell. Let us say in advance that this process is also influenced by an external magnetic field. This happens primarily because the process of converting glucose into carbon dioxide (biological oxidation) takes place with the participation of electrically charged ions. The process, which occurs with the participation of electrons and ions, at its final stage forms water molecules. If for some reason there are no oxygen atoms at this final stage, then water will not be able to form. Hydrogen will remain free and accumulate in the form of ions. Then the entire process of biological oxidation will stop. This means that the operation of the power station will also cease, and an energy crisis will occur.

Interestingly, energy in the cell is produced in small portions - the process of glucose oxidation includes a total of up to 30 reactions. Each of these reactions releases a small amount of energy. Such a small “packaging” is very convenient for energy use. In this case, the cell has the opportunity to most rationally use the energy released in small portions for current needs, and the excess stored energy is deposited by the cell in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid). The energy stored by the cell in the form of ATP is a kind of emergency reserve, NS.

ATP is a complex compound whose molecule contains three phosphoric acid residues. The addition of each residue requires energy of about 800 calories. This process is called phosphorylation. Energy can be taken back from ATP by breaking down ATP into two other substances: ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate.

Similarly, when complex atomic nuclei are split, atomic energy is released. Of course, this analogy is not complete, since the hydrolysis (splitting) of ATP molecules leaves the atomic nuclei unchanged. The breakdown of ATP occurs in the presence of a special substance that is not involved in the reaction itself, but accelerates its progress and is called an enzyme by chemists. In this case, the enzyme is adenosine triphosphase (ATPase). This substance comes in various forms and is found everywhere where reactions involving energy consumption take place.

ATP is a universal form of energy storage. It is used not only by all animal cells, but also by plant cells.

ATP is formed in the process of biological oxidation from the same substances into which it is broken down during phosphorylation, namely: inorganic phosphate and ADP. Therefore, in order for biological oxidation to occur, the presence of ADP and inorganic phosphate at all stages of this process is necessary, which are continuously consumed as the oxidation process proceeds, since they form a supply of energy in the form of ATP.

The process of oxidative phosphorylation occurs simultaneously with biological oxidation. Both of these processes are closely related to each other, and the entire technology for obtaining energy in cells is connected with them. The coupling of these processes is the key to the existence and functioning of the cell. In a cell, under the influence of any internal or external causes, oxidation can continue regardless of phosphorylation. The process of energy production turns out to be independent, unrelated to the process of its release. Normal functioning and even the existence of the cell is impossible.

The described process of production and consumption of energy by a cell is an electrical process at all its stages. It is based on reactions involving electrically charged particles - electrons and ions. A magnetic field of any origin acts on electrical charges and in this way can influence this process of production and expenditure of energy by cells. This means that the energy stations of the cell are poorly protected from the action of an external magnetic field, despite the double fortress wall surrounding them.

Currently, intensive research is being carried out in many scientific and medical centers on the influence of a magnetic field on the process of biological oxidation and phosphorylation (i.e., the production of energy by a cell and its consumption) and it has been shown that a magnetic field can uncouple this process and thereby lead the cell to death.

Some have the same dissociating effect medications, antibiotics, poisons, as well as the thyroid hormone - thyroxine.

We said above that entry into and exit from a cell is regulated by electricity. Let us consider this in more detail, since this process is also influenced by the magnetic field. The cell's fortress wall - a membrane - is built with two bricks. The bricks are phospholipid molecules that form a thin film that is in constant motion. Protein molecules are adjacent to this wall on both sides (inside and outside). We can say that it is lined with protein molecules. Protein molecules are not tightly packed, but form a relatively sparse pattern. This pattern is the same in all cells of homogeneous tissue, say liver tissue. Kidney cells have a different pattern, etc. For this reason, dissimilar cells do not stick together. Through the pores present in the pattern of protein molecules, large molecules can penetrate into the cell and can dissolve in the fats that make up the wall.

Proteins are produced inside the cell. Therefore, they are present outside the cell if there are passages in the wall itself (and not in the protein pattern). Protein molecules make their way out through them. These passages are very small. Their size is the same as the size of atoms and molecules. These passages, or pores as they are called, serve to remove unnecessary molecules and ions from the cell. They resemble tunnels; their length is 10 times their width. There are few such passages in the cell membrane; in some cells they occupy only one millionth of the entire surface of the membrane. These passages are designed in such a way that they are able to pass some molecules and ions and retain others. The password is the size of molecules and ions, and for ions also their electrical charge. The fact is that the membrane itself is energized, as if an electric battery is connected to it with a minus inner side membrane, and the plus on its outer, outer side. What is this battery? It is created by electrical charges carried by potassium ions and sodium ions dissolved in water and located on both sides of the membrane. If anywhere in a solution there is an equal number of positive and negative electric charges, then the total electric charge is zero and the electric potential is also zero. This means the battery is not charged. In order for it to charge, it is necessary to collect more positively charged ions in one place, and more negatively charged ions in another place. These places are nothing more than the poles of the battery - plus and minus. How is this battery created and functions in a cell?

The aqueous solution contains potassium ions and sodium ions on both sides of the membrane, with the interior of the cells containing mainly potassium and the extracellular fluid containing sodium. Potassium ions are much smaller than sodium ions, so they pass through passages in the membrane to the outside more easily than sodium ions into the cell. And since the same number of negative charges remains inside the cell as potassium ions have accumulated on the outside of the membrane, an electric field is created in the membrane. The electric field that arises as a result of the difference in potassium concentration inside and outside the cell maintains a potential difference that does not change with the movement of sodium ions, since the permeability of the membrane for them is negligible. The electric field increases the flow of potassium into the cell and decreases the flow out. When the same amount of potassium ions passes into the cell as goes out, there will be dynamic equilibrium, as a result of which there is a plus on the outside of the cell and a minus on the inner wall of the membrane. If a cell receives a pulse of electric current (i.e., biocurrent) as a result of external irritation, then the membrane for a short time becomes more permeable to sodium ions, therefore sodium ions, the content of which in the extracellular space is 100 times greater than potassium ions, rush through passages in the membrane into the cell or, say, nerve fiber, as a result of which the charge of the membrane changes, i.e., during excitation, the poles of the batteries change places; where there was a minus, it became a plus, and vice versa. Some time after the cessation of the stimulus, the permeability of the membrane for potassium ions increases again (as before the stimulus), and for sodium ions it decreases. This leads to a rapid restoration of the electrical potential that was on the membrane before the action of the stimulus.

The main conclusion for us from all that has been said is that the passages (pores) in the membranes through which the cell exchanges with the outside “world” change under the influence of electrical (biological) currents, and they allow ions to pass through differently depending on the magnitude these currents. We have already said more than once that a magnetic field can act on electric currents and on the movement of electric charges (ions). This means that it is easy to understand that this process of communication between the cell and the outside world is significantly influenced by the magnetic field. It can disrupt the flow of this communication and disrupt the conditions of existence and functioning of the cell.

The process described above is part of the work of the nervous system and underlies nervous excitation, which in its physical essence is an electrical process.

Let's take a brief look at how the nervous system works. The main unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell - neuron. It consists of a body and processes. The many nerve processes emanating from the cell are short and are called dendrites, and one process, as a rule, is long and is called an axon. The axon is filled with a gelatinous fluid that is constantly created in the cell and slowly moves along the fiber. Many lateral filaments extend from the main trunk of the axon, which, together with the filaments of neighboring neurons, form complex networks. These filaments perform communication functions, just like dendrites. The axons of nerve cells are collected into nerve fibers through which electrical (biological) currents flow. These electrical impulses are transmitted over long distances. For example, the axons of the motor cells of the cerebral cortex have a length of about 1 m. The speed of propagation of electric current along the nerve fiber depends on the cross-section of the conductor (i.e., nerve fiber) and on the sheath. The thinner the nerve fiber, the lower the speed at which the electrical impulse travels through it. Electricians use cables of different sections for different purposes, with different insulation and other parameters. The body also has various nerve fibers, since for normal functioning of the body it is necessary to transmit electrical impulses in different parts of the nervous system at different speeds. There are thick nerve conductors (type A) with a diameter of 16 - 20 microns, along which sensory and motor impulses travel at a speed of 50 - 140 m/s. They are enclosed in a sheath called myelin. These are fibers of somatic nerves that provide the body with immediate adaptation to external conditions, in particular rapid motor reactions.

In addition to this type, the body has thinner fibers with a diameter of 5 - 12 microns, which are also covered with myelin (type B), but with a thinner layer. Electric current passes through these fibers at a lower speed - 10 - 35 m/s. These fibers provide sensitive innervation to internal organs and are called visceral.

There are also even thinner nerve fibers (about 2 microns, type C) that do not have a sheath, that is, they are not cables, but bare wires. They conduct electrical impulses at a speed of only 0.6 - 2 m/s and connect the nerve cells of the sympathetic ganglia with internal organs, blood vessels, and the heart.

What is the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber? It is formed by special cells in such a way that these cells wrap themselves repeatedly around the nerve fiber and form a kind of coupling. In these places, the contents of the cell are squeezed out. The adjacent section of the nerve fiber (axon) is isolated in the same way, but by a different cell, so the myelin sheath is systematically interrupted; between adjacent couplings the axon itself has no insulation and its membrane is in contact with the external environment. These areas between the couplings are called nodes of Ranvier (named after the scientist who described them). They play exclusively important role during the passage of an electrical impulse along a nerve fiber.

Nerve fibers form frequent connections with each other, as a result of which any nerve fiber has connections with many other fibers. This entire complex system of interconnected nerve fibers is designed for the perception, processing and transmission of information by nerve cells. A magnetic field acts on electric currents. More precisely, an external magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of an electric (biological) current. In this way, the magnetic field interferes with the functioning of the nerve cell.

Let us remember how the influence of magnetic storms on patients suffering from cardiovascular and other diseases was first discovered. In 1915 - 1919 French doctors have repeatedly observed that patients suffering from intermittent pain (rheumatism, diseases of the nervous system, heart, stomach and intestinal diseases) experienced attacks of pain at the same time, regardless of the conditions in which they lived. It was found that attacks of neuralgia, angina pectoris in a wide variety of patients, they coincided in time with an accuracy of two to three days. Similar series have been observed in a number of accidents.

The attending physicians, who discovered these facts completely by accident, noticed that telephone communications during these periods also began to function intermittently or even stopped working altogether for several hours. At the same time, no damage was observed in the telephone sets and their correct operation was restored by itself after these periods, without the intervention of a human hand. It turned out to be striking that the days of disturbances in the operation of telephone sets coincided with the above-mentioned deterioration during various diseases. The simultaneous disruption of electrical equipment and physiological mechanisms in the human body was caused by increased solar activity and associated solar storms. In 84% of all cases of exacerbation of various symptoms chronic diseases and the occurrence of severe or exceptional complications in their course coincided in time with the passage of sunspots through the central meridian of the Sun, i.e., at the time when the probability of magnetic storms is maximum.

If telephone communications fail during magnetic storms, then is it any wonder that the human body, which is a system of electrical currents and electrical potentials, refuses to work normally in conditions of a magnetic storm. Currently, in mid-latitudes (where the effect of magnetic storms is less than in high latitudes), telephone communications do not fail during magnetic storms. They learned how to make a telephone network with a sufficient margin of safety. Over the past decades, nothing has been offered to man to protect his body from solar and magnetic storms.

Now let's return to consideration of the nervous system.

What is a nerve impulse? A nerve impulse is an electrical current created by a potential difference between internal part nerve fiber and its outer part, i.e. environment. We have already discussed above where the potential difference between the inner and outer walls of the cell membrane comes from. Sodium ions and potassium ions are found in an aqueous solution, and water molecules carry both a positive and negative electrical charge. Electric charges interact with each other: like electric charges repel, and unlike ones attract. Therefore, the negatively charged ends of water molecules are attracted by positive ions of potassium, sodium, calcium, etc., forming a shell on them, like a fur coat. These ions move together with a shell of water molecules oriented in a certain way. The greater the electrical charge of an ion, the more water molecules it can bind. This means that such an ion forms the largest water coat (shell). The smallest water coat is for potassium ions and much larger for sodium ions.

If a battery is short-circuited with a wire, it will run out very quickly, its potential will disappear and it will be unable to produce electric current. The potassium and sodium ion battery is also shorted. Why doesn't she sit down? At first glance, it should “sit down”, because, as the number of positive electrical charges increases in one place, and negative ones in another place, forces arise that tend to return everything to the original uniform distribution of ions in the water. In order to prevent this from happening, that is, to prevent the battery from running out, it is necessary to forcibly maintain a difference in ion concentrations on different sides of the cell membrane, and therefore a difference in electrical potential, i.e., the ability to create an electric current. This means that ions must be forcibly pumped out. This function is performed by special cell mechanisms located in the membrane - “ion pumps”. They force the ions to move in the direction opposite to that in which the force is pushing them, trying to align everything. How are these pumps constructed? It has been established that the flows of potassium ions in both directions (outside and inside the cell) are approximately equal. This is explained by the fact that for potassium ions the difference in electrochemical potentials between the cell and the environment is very small. The situation is different with sodium ions. Here the electrical and diffusion forces are directed in one direction, and their actions add up. Therefore, the electrochemical potential difference for sodium is greater than for potassium.

The ion pump that pumps out the ions must do a certain amount of work. And work requires energy. Where does it come from?

The source of this energy is the already familiar ATP. Energy is released from it with the participation of the enzyme transport ATPase (adenosine trinophosphatase); Interestingly, the activity of the enzyme increases in the presence of sodium and potassium ions, which is why it is called a “sodium and potassium dependent ATPase.” This ATPase breaks down ATP by preliminary phosphorylation, which is stimulated by intracellular sodium ions, and subsequent dephosphorylation in the presence of extracellular potassium ions. This is precisely the way that sodium ions move in the direction where there are more of them, i.e., against the force tending to equalize their concentration. The pump that pumps out sodium ions is designed so simply and wisely.

How do nerve impulses work? The nerve impulse enters the nerve fiber at the excited node of Ranvier and exits through the non-excited node. If the output current exceeds a certain minimum (threshold) value, then the interception is excited and sends a new electrical impulse along the fiber. Thus, nodes of Ranvier are generators of electrical current pulses. They play the role of intermediate amplification stations. Each subsequent generator is excited by a current pulse that spreads from the previous interception and sends a new pulse further.

The nodes of Ranvier significantly accelerate the propagation of nerve impulses. In those nerve fibers that do not have a myelin sheath, the propagation of the nerve impulse occurs more slowly due to the high resistance to electric current.

From all that has been said above, it is clear that the driving forces of the nerve electrical impulse are provided by the difference in ion concentrations. Electric current is generated due to selective and sequential changes in the permeability of the membrane to sodium and potassium ions, as well as due to energy processes.

Let us note one more circumstance. Cells are excited only in an environment in which calcium ions are present. The magnitude of the nerve electrical impulse and especially the size of the passage of the pore in the membrane depends on the concentration of calcium ions. The fewer calcium ions, the lower the excitation threshold. And when there is very little calcium in the environment surrounding the cell, the generation of electrical impulses begins to cause minor changes in voltage on the membrane, which can arise as a result of thermal noise. This, of course, cannot be considered normal.

If calcium ions are completely removed from the solution, the ability of the nerve fiber to excite is lost. However, the potassium concentration does not change. Consequently, calcium ions provide the membrane with selective permeability to sodium ions and potassium ions. Perhaps this happens in such a way that calcium ions close the pores for sodium ions. In this case, small potassium ions pass through other pores or penetrate near the calcium ions (between the “gate leaves”). The higher the calcium concentration, the more pores closed to sodium and the higher the excitation threshold.

Let's continue our consideration of the nervous system. It consists of the autonomic department, which is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic, and somatic. The latter is divided into peripheral (nerve receptors and nerves) and central (brain and spinal cord).

The brain is anatomically divided into five sections: the forebrain with the cerebral hemispheres, the diencephalon, the midbrain, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata with the pons.

The most important part of the central nervous system is the forebrain with the cerebral hemispheres. The layer of gray matter covering the cerebral hemispheres is made up of cells and forms the cortex, the most complex and sophisticated part of the brain.

In the thickness of the brain there are also clusters of nerve cells called subcortical centers. Their activities are associated with individual functions of our body. The white matter of brain tissue consists of a dense network of nerve fibers that unite and connect various centers, as well as nerve pathways that leave and enter the cells of the cortex. The cerebral cortex forms deep grooves and intricate convolutions. Each hemisphere is divided into sections called lobes - frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal.

The cerebral cortex is connected by nerve pathways to all underlying parts of the central nervous system, and through them to all organs of the body. Impulses arriving from the periphery reach one or another point in the cerebral cortex. In the cortex, information coming from the periphery through various pathways is assessed, compared with previous experience, a decision is made, and actions are dictated.

The cerebral cortex plays a major role in the perception and awareness of pain. It is in the cortex that the sensation of pain is formed.

All organs and tissues, even individual cells of a living organism, are equipped with special devices that perceive irritations emanating from both the external and internal environment. They are called receptors and are distinguished by a wide variety of structures, which reflects the variety of their functions. The irritations they perceive are transmitted along sensitive (afferent) conductors in the somatic nerves and dorsal roots to the spinal cord, which is the main cable of the body. Along the ascending tracts of the spinal cord, nervous excitation enters the brain, and through the descending tracts, commands are sent to the periphery. Motor (efferent) nerve conductors, as a rule, reach organs as part of the same somatic nerves along which the sensory conductors travel. The inner part of the spinal cord contains numerous nerve cell bodies that form a butterfly-shaped (in cross section) gray matter. Around it are located the rays and cords, which make up a powerful system of ascending and descending pathways.

In addition to somatic nerves, effector pathways (i.e., conducting instructions from the center to the periphery) run along the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. In this case, the sympathetic nerve cells, the axons of which form these nerves, are grouped in sympathetic ganglia, or nodes, located along the spine on both sides in the form of chains. Parasympathetic neurons form nodes in the organs they innervate or close to them (intestines, heart, etc.) and are called intramural. The dependence of the activity of one or another is well known internal organ on the state of the brain. During times of excitement and just the memory of something pleasant or unpleasant, the heart beats differently and breathing changes. Severe or repeated anxiety can cause indigestion, pain, etc.

An important stage in the development of the idea of ​​the role of subcortical structures in the regulation of behavior and other functions was the discovery of the physiological properties of the reticular formation of the brain. Thanks to this system, the main information center of the brain - the visual thalamus, or thalamus - is connected with all other parts and with the cerebral cortex. The thalamus is the most massive and complex subcortical formation of the cerebral hemispheres, which receives many impulses. Here they are filtered, as it were, and only a small part of them enters the cortex. Most impulses are responded to by the thalamus itself, often through centers located underneath it, called the hypothalamus, or hypothalamus.

In the hypothalamus, this small area of ​​the brain, more than 150 nerve nuclei are concentrated, having numerous connections both with the cerebral cortex and with other parts of the brain. This allows the hypothalamus to play a key role in regulating basic life processes and maintaining homeostasis.

In the hypothalamus, nerve impulses are switched to endocrine-humoral regulatory mechanisms; This is how the close connection between nervous and endocrine-humoral regulation is manifested. There are modified nerve cells that produce neurosecretion. They differ, in particular, large sizes compared to ordinary neurons. The neurosecretion enters small blood capillaries and then through the portal vein system into the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Changes in physical and chemical processes in cells can affect various forms activity of the whole organism, especially if these changes affect structures related to the regulation of the function of the whole organism.

From the above very brief consideration of the structure and functioning of the human body from an electrical point of view, it is clear that the main processes in the human body are associated with electrical (biological) currents, electrically charged positive and negative ions. The nervous system controls almost all processes in the human body. And it is a system of electric currents, electric potentials, electric charges. After such an analysis, it becomes obvious that the human body cannot but be influenced by an external magnetic field and electromagnetic radiation in general.

We have considered only general aspects of the impact of a magnetic field on humans. Not all of them have currently been studied equally fully. There is a large literature on this issue, and those interested will be able to refer to it. Many books and even more scientific articles have been written about both space and its influence on humans, which are not always accessible to a wide readership.

When we began writing this book, we pursued several goals. The main one is to show once again that everything in nature is interconnected. Almost any action has an impact on all parts of our universe, only the degree of this influence varies. We are in our own Everyday life, as a rule, we take into account only a very limited set of factors acting on it. This is atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and sometimes also the presence of stressful situations. Rarely do any of us connect our condition with the fact that a global magnetic storm is occurring, that two or three days ago there was a chromospheric flare on the Sun, that colossal electric currents are flowing above us, etc. Currently, various medical research centers have already accumulated huge material showing that our health greatly depends on cosmic factors. Unfavorable periods for us can be predicted and appropriate measures can be taken at this time to protect ourselves from their influence. What are these measures? Of course, they are different for different patients, but their essence is to help a person endure the hardships associated with bad space weather.

Forecasts of solar and geomagnetic storms are currently compiled in different countries world, and they are successfully used in solving various issues related to the state of the ionosphere and near-Earth space, in particular issues related to the propagation of radio waves. There are forecasts of various lead times - long-term and short-term. Both are sent to interested organizations, and operational telegraph communication is widely used. In the near future, based on these forecasts, medical forecasts will be compiled, from which it will follow what changes in health can be expected as a result of solar storms. The medical prognosis will be promptly communicated to everyone, including local doctors. They are called upon to help their patients endure the consequences of magnetic storms with minimal trouble.

But for this, a lot still needs to be done. First of all, it’s good to imagine the problem. And this will be helped by a book that gives a picture of the physical processes in space and their impact on health.

Activator "Hey!" is capable of transferring the necessary negative charge to the surface of the body very effectively, simply and painlessly for a person. Any disease is accompanied by either a lack of negative ions and/or an excess of positively charged particles. Confirmation of how important the electrical state of a person is, you will learn from the following article by Academician A. A. Mikulin, “Is a person charged with electricity?”:

According to the latest research, the globe is negatively charged, that is, with an excess amount of free electric charges, about 0.6 million coulombs. This is a very large charge.

Repelling from each other by Coulomb forces, electrons tend to accumulate on the surface of the globe. At a great distance from the earth, covering it on all sides, there is the ionosphere, consisting of large quantity positively charged ions. There is an electric field between the earth and the ionosphere.

In a clear sky, at a distance of a meter from the ground, the potential difference reaches approximately 125 volts. Therefore, we have the right to assert that electrons, seeking to escape from the surface of the earth under the influence of a field, penetrated the bare feet and electrically conductive ends of the nerves of the muscles of primitive man, who walked barefoot on the earth and did not wear boots with electrically impermeable artificial soles. This penetration of electrons continued only until the total free negative charge of a person reached the charge potential of the area of ​​the earth's surface where he was located.

Under the influence of the field, the charges that penetrated the human body sought to escape out, where they were captured and recombined by positively charged ions of the atmosphere, which were in direct contact with the open skin of the head and hands. The human body, its living cells and all the functional dependencies of metabolism have been adapted by nature for millions of years to healthy life humans in near-Earth conditions electric field and electrical exchange, expressed, in particular, in the influx of electrons into the feet and the outflow, recombination, of electrons into positively charged ions of the atmosphere.

Now we have to ask ourselves a few questions. Could human muscles carry a positive electrical charge? No, they couldn’t, since electrons from the surface of the earth would immediately neutralize them.

Could muscles have no charge? No, they couldn’t, because the earth’s electrons would charge them. From here we will try to draw the first and most important conclusion: the muscles of animals and humans that came into contact with the earth were designed by nature in such a way that they had to carry a negative electric charge corresponding to the magnitude of the charge of the earth’s surface on which the living creature was in this moment.

The amount of negative charge on the human body should vary depending on the strength of the electric field at a given point on the earth at a given moment. Even in fish, the head carries a positive charge and the muscles of the body carry a negative charge.

There are many reasons for a change in the electric field strength. One of the main ones is cloudiness, which carries strong local electrical charges. They reach tens of millions of yults at the moment of lightning formation. In a living organism, on the surface of the skin, the intensity of electric charges sometimes reaches such a magnitude that sparks appear upon contact with metal or when removing nylon underwear.

According to experiments carried out by the author, physical work is accompanied by a decrease in the charge of the muscle cells participating in it. Recharging occurs due to the conversion of the energy of chemical-oxidative reactions with high efficiency into electrical positive and negative energy, that is, nature has already solved the problem of the chemical element, which scientists and engineers are working on.

Consequently, the life of a cell and the metabolism in it is accompanied by continuous electrogenesis (exchange). The younger and healthier the creature, the more intense and silent the electrical exchange. If continuous electrogenesis is disrupted, for example by cutting a nerve, then the muscle, as is known, gradually dies and “dries out”, despite the continued blood circulation.

The latest observations by employees of the Institute of Public and Communal Hygiene have shown that when the weather changes, the well-being of a sick person depends on the magnitude of the local field strength of the earth, as well as on changes in barometric pressure, in most cases accompanying a change in field strength. But since in everyday life we ​​do not have instruments for measuring the magnitude of the earth's field voltage, we explain the state of well-being not as the main cause - a change in field strength, but as a consequence - a drop in barometric pressure.

Wet earth ions

Flora reacts to electrical charges in the same way as fauna. The latest research has shown that electrons with negatively charged electrons of moist soil penetrate into the roots of all plants and, by osmotic forces and electric field forces, rise with nutritious juices to the leaves of trees located even at a height of over 50 meters above the ground, from where they escape into the atmosphere. Photographs of electrical emissions from leaf tips have been published.

Data were presented on changes in the structure of plant cells during a thunderstorm, that is, during a strong change in the voltage of the electric field. It would be a big mistake to assume that similar changes do not occur in living human cells during a thunderstorm or after explosions in the sun, ultimately affecting a person’s health, well-being and even life. Unfortunately, science has not yet fully deciphered these phenomena, although modern research has not only confirmed the influence of the electric field and cosmic rays on the behavior of living beings, but also made it possible to invent methods of treatment serious illnesses electric fields.

At the Institute of Plant Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Biological Sciences E. Zhurbitsky carried out a number of experiments to study the influence of the electric field on plants. Strengthening the field to a known value accelerates growth. Placing plants in an unnatural field - a negative zone at the top, and a positive zone in the ground - growth is inhibited. Zhurbitsky believes that the greater the potential difference between the seedlings and the atmosphere, the more intense photosynthesis occurs. In greenhouses, the yield can be increased by 20-30%. A number of scientific institutions are studying the influence of electricity on plants: the Central Genetic Laboratory named after I.V. Michurin, employees of the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University, etc.

Electricity and human grounding

What changes in human life determined his departure from natural, primitive existence? Man put on boots, built houses, invented non-conductive linoleum, rubber soles, and filled city streets and roads with asphalt. Man today comes into much less contact with the electrical charges of the earth.

This is one of the reasons for such “common” diseases as headaches, irritability, neuroses, cardiovascular diseases, fatigue, bad dream etc.

In the past, zemstvo doctors prescribed patients to walk barefoot in the dew. There are still several barefoot societies operating in England. This treatment cannot be called anything other than “grounding the patient’s body.”

Why don’t we try the “grounding” method to get rid of the annoying ailments listed above? The first experiments I conducted (they were published in 1958 in No. 6 of the magazine " Sport life Russia"), showed that even the simplest electrical devices are capable of detecting the appearance in a person isolated from the earth of harmful, positive electrical charges that arise during his work and in everyday life.

So, for example, if a person, going to bed, pulls the blanket over himself, then, according to the experiments of M. A. Ostryakov, he is charged with a harmful, unnatural static positive charge with a voltage of about 600-700 volts. When walking on a linoleum floor, positive charges reach thousands of volts. Some people are so charged with harmful positive electricity that it is dangerous to greet them with a negative charge, since the sparks burn your hands.

Several years ago, the magazine “Knowledge is Power” published an article “What hinders drivers.” It described an experiment that found that the driver of a car, fenced off from electrons and the earth's electric field by metal body screens and rubber tires, tired twice as quickly as those exposed to the earth's field. I believe that grounding elements should have a positive effect on productivity. To do this, you need to arrange grounding of floors, beds, and create conductive soles for shoes.

Experiments have shown that any mental or physical work performed by a person who is isolated from the earth is accompanied by a decrease in his negative natural charge. However, none of the described changes in electrical potential are observed or measured even by the most accurate instruments if the human body is in contact with the ground or is connected to the ground by a conductor. The lack of electrons is immediately eliminated. On any oscilloscope it is easy to notice these currents and determine their magnitude.

The drawings show the aerial fields surrounding a person. At the top there is an aerial electric field that arises due to the biopotentials of the contracting muscles of the arm. (Registered in the Laboratory of Physiological Cybernetics of Leningrad State University. The picture is not an exact representation of the field, but is a sketch obtained using modeling methods).

The middle one shows the complete grid of the heart's electric field. The numbers indicate potentials in millivolts relative to the ground at the moment of maximum development of the Auercardiogram wave. A person stands on a conductive surface. Frontal sketch of the field. The diagram was filmed in the laboratory of physiological cybernetics of Leningrad State University under the guidance of prof. P.I. Gulyaeva). At the bottom is an installation diagram for an aerial system for recording electric fields.

Mikulin A. A. Active longevity (my system for fighting old age) - M.: Physical education and sports. 1977, (reissued 2006).

It just so happened historically that our country is populated by people who are more associated with blue-collar professions than with any other. In turn, a significant number of these same professions are directly related to. There is a potential threat to human health. Although this danger can lie in wait for a person at home. Passing through the human body, electric current affects it in several aspects: thermal, electrolytic and biological.

Thermal exposure can cause burns to various parts of the body and heating of blood vessels. The consequences may be certain functional disorders of the human body. Biological the impact, as a rule, manifests itself through irritability and excitability of living tissues of the body. In this case, the muscles (including the heart) contract convulsively, and sometimes the work of the respiratory and circulatory organs stops. Not excluded mechanical damage fabrics. Electrolytic exposure can cause changes in both the physical and chemical composition of the blood and the tissue as a whole.

But, with all of the above, there are unique people on our planet who are able to withstand powerful shocks of electricity. There are very few of them. Often, to express admiration for such unique “species”, they are called supermen, demigods and others in beautiful words. Many question the hypotheses of those who claim that this is a unique gift. What if this strange opportunity disappears precisely at the moment when the owner of the gift again wants to show his skills.

Electric people in history

Phenomena of this kind have been familiar to mankind at all times, but only when the theory of electricity, electrostatic machines, lightning rods and the Leyden jar appeared, things of this kind began to be given greater importance.

A fairly well-known case is when in France in 1869 a child was born who emitted a strong static charge of electricity. The one who suffered the most from this was the baby’s own mother, who, intending to change the diapers, immediately received a powerful electric shock. An even more serious challenge for her was feeding the baby. At the same time, the child himself felt great. Some eyewitnesses enthusiastically said that small lightning emanated from the newborn’s fingers, and there was fresh ozone air all around. The toys that the baby tried to play with sometimes moved by themselves as soon as he reached for them. But this story has a sad ending. Having reached the age of eight months, the boy died.

Another good case was recorded in Canada, which occurred with an adult girl. Anyone who wanted closer communication with this young woman was immediately rewarded with an electric shock. An interesting fact is that the girl could attract various kinds of objects, even those that were large in size and made of.

Around the same years, there was a known case when a 29-year-old resident of Paris possessed a similar dubious “gift”. Something depressing was happening to her; her underwear was so tight to her body that sometimes it was impossible to remove it without damaging the skin. So, against this background, sparks from hair and attraction by an object will seem like an absurd mess.

Beginning of Electro People Research

One of the first scientists who decided to understand such phenomena was Francois Arago. The impetus was the case of the Parisian Angelique Cohen, about whom there were rumors that she moved furniture with a light touch of her hand. Sometimes the electrical currents created problems for the girl herself, while the pulse rate increased sharply and the girl suffered from convulsive seizures. But as soon as Angelina touched a tree or put her hands in running water, everything immediately fell into place.

While reporting on the work, the scientist, without shame, made a statement that science is not strong enough to provide a reasonable explanation for such facts. Yes, what can I say, even in our time it is difficult to find a logical interpretation of the unique human capabilities.

Modern carriers of electricity

One of the UK residents, Niki Hyde-Pally, quite unexpectedly felt new possibilities in herself, she simply turned into a machine that produces electricity. The British woman received these unique abilities after she was struck by lightning. The discharge that hit the woman turned her into a real monster, which affected not only objects, but also living beings with its electric discharges. All Appliances, which was in the same room as Nicky, immediately became a pile of absolutely unnecessary garbage. This so-called gift sent from above had very serious consequences for the woman. Her husband left her because he did not tolerate the painful electric shocks that his wife inflicted on him, without even wanting it. Thus, Niki became a prisoner. Not wanting to harm others, she rarely left her home.

Among a bunch of similar interesting cases, one can highlight the story of a pensioner from Ukraine. This man was able to tolerate a voltage of 850 volts without much pain. Moreover, after this he did not experience any health problems.

In one of the provinces of China (Heilongjiang) there lives a man who has a phenomenal gift. It is absolutely immune to electrical shocks. He easily manages to light a light bulb with a light touch of his palm, while holding the 220-volt wires with his hand.

When the electric current passes through his body, Ma Xiangang does not experience any discomfort, joking that in this way he receives a charge of vivacity.

Chinese TV channels even made a series of reports about this unique person. They say that he discovered his extraordinary abilities many years ago. One day Ma's TV broke down. Trying to subdue him, he grabbed onto the bare wires. The line was energized, but it had no effect on Xiangang. Deciding to test his abilities, he independently conducted several experiments on himself. Every time Ma grabbed the wires, he did not feel any shock.

Thus, he attracted the interest of scientists to his modest person.

Having examined Ma, a council of scientists came to the conclusion that the explanation for everything was the skin on his palms. As it turned out, it is drier and rougher than that of ordinary person, which increases resistance.

A resident of Ingushetia, Lecha Vataev, who has supernatural abilities of the body, also cannot be affected by electric current. “Miracle Man” works without problems with exposed electrical wires.

Now Lecha Vataev is trying to discover in himself the ability to treat people from many diseases with the amazing abilities of his body, or rather with the biocurrents emanating from it. He develops his gift further and experiments with his body.

Science is helpless

It is no secret that some electrical processes constantly take place in the human body. In addition, the successful functioning of the human body depends on whether they occur or not. This refers to the movement of electric current through blood vessels, nerves, and the surface of the skin. You've probably heard about diagnostic techniques such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) and an electroencephalogram (EEG), which are used to diagnose the functioning of the heart and brain. The basis of these processes is to determine the quality of electrical impulses.

Inside the human body there are certain channels or, as they are also called, meridians, in which electrical activity is also recorded. But the voltage and current are so low that ultra-sensitive devices will be required to record them.

In living nature, besides humans, there are other living organisms that are capable of generating and accumulating powerful charges of electricity (a stingray may be such an example).

Modern science says that it is impossible for a person to accumulate electricity; moreover, it is deadly for his body.

Electricity is inside our body. Why does the human body need electricity?

Are there electrical impulses in our body?

A person can function as a living organism only thanks to the presence
mechanisms that provide “electric current” in our
body Our nervous system is built in such a way that without electricity
it will not function. It is no coincidence that neurologists always check the patient
for pain sensitivity. If it is broken, this is a failure signal
in the functioning of the brain.

Fish oil protects nerve fibers

Our nerves are identical in structure electrical wires. myelin
the sheath insulates our nerves from each other. To strengthen this shell,
you need to nourish yourself with the substances that form this shell. This -
Omega-3 fatty acids, and they are most abundant in fish oil. In order to
to protect your nerves, you need to take 2000 milligrams of fish oil per day
fat

Impaired electrical conductivity of the heart causes arrhythmia

Electricity is responsible for the rhythmic contraction of the heart. There is a main one
the pacemaker, which is called the sinus node, it sets the rhythm of contraction
hearts. Then the electrical impulse goes through the conduction system of the atrium
and reaches the aterbiticular node, it is this node that is the pass
impulse between the atrium and ventricle. After - the impulse is carried out
to the ventricle, and the ventricle contracts and throws blood into the large or
pulmonary circulation.

There are situations when our main pacemaker stops working (conductive
the system ages) and the ability to generate impulses decreases. Then the heart
begins to work chaotically - atrial fibrillation develops. The most
scary: foci of excitation may appear in the ventricles, this represents
mortal threat.

A pacemaker normalizes heart rhythms

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in humans
in the 21st century. This is due to the fact that the population of the planet. But now in medicine
there is an artificial pacemaker. It looks like this: inserted through a vein
electrode in the atrium and ventricle, the pacemaker sets the rhythm, impulse
supplied to the atrium - the atrium contracts, then the impulse is supplied
into the ventricle - and the stomach contracts.

Flour and sweet foods worsen intestinal function

Electricity creates peristalsis. The peristaltic wave pushes out
food, promotes it. If there is no intestinal motility, constipation occurs, which
often leads to toxic damage. To maintain bowel function
necessary proper nutrition. Flour should be avoided
and sweets: sausages, cheese and bread as well. This food is completely absorbed
and does not force the intestines to move food.