Update: October 2018

Do you remember the phrase from the film “Ivan Vasilyevich is changing his profession,” when the tsar said menacingly, addressing director Yakin: “Ask the noblewoman for life or death”? In Old Church Slavonic, belly meant life, and if you think about it, this is really true.

Almost all vital organs are located in the stomach, well, of course, with the exception of the brain. Therefore, pain that occurs in the abdomen, especially acute pain, should always be alarming. Our body, with the help of pain impulses, tries to inform the brain about problems, about danger - this is an alarm bell, ignoring which a person exposes himself to a mortal threat.

Types of pain, mechanism of its development

Every tissue in the body contains pain receptors. When damaged, the receptors are irritated, which leads to their excitation, and as a result, pain. There are 2 types of receptors:

somatic pain receptors, characterized by a high sensitivity threshold; when stimulated, pain occurs;
visceral polymodal receptors - in case of weak irritation, they transmit information about malfunctions of the organ and only their strong irritation causes pain.

According to the classification of receptors, there are 3 types of abdominal pain or gastralgia:

Somatic pain

There are a lot of somatic receptors located in the parietal peritoneum (covering all the organs of the abdomen like a blanket), in the ureters, mesentery and bile ducts. The intensity of such pain is very pronounced, and the patient accurately determines its location. Accordingly, somatic pain, also known as peritoneal pain, appears when the peritoneum is irritated. Similar pain is observed with perforation, intra-abdominal bleeding and other pathologies. Somatic pain is characterized by persistence and in most cases peritoneal symptoms (tension of the abdominal muscles, positive Shchetkin-Blumberg sign, cutting nature, increased pain with movement)

Visceral pain

This pain appears directly in the damaged organ, that is, when receptors located in the walls of the organ are irritated. Visceral pain is painful, dull in nature and is associated either with bloating of the abdominal organs or with their spasm. The patient often finds it difficult to characterize the localization of such pain, since pain is felt not only in the damaged organ (usually the midline of the abdomen) but also in other parts of the abdominal cavity. Clinically, visceral pain manifests itself as colic (renal and hepatic, intestinal and others).

Referred pain

Such pain is a consequence of the irradiation of pain with significant irritation of the affected organ, which is not localized in the abdominal cavity. Referred pain occurs with pathologies of the brain, chest cavity, diseases of the spine or genital organs.

The concept of "acute abdomen"

Acute conditions with abdominal pain are traditionally called “acute abdomen” by doctors. This concept was introduced into surgical practice by the famous surgeon Henry Mondor, who by “acute abdomen” meant “abdominal catastrophe” - sharp acute pain requiring prompt medical attention, usually surgical treatment. “Acute abdomen” includes a set of clinical signs, confirmed by laboratory and instrumental data, that occur in acute, life-threatening diseases or injuries/damage to the abdominal, pelvic and retroperitoneal organs. The term “acute abdomen” is not a final diagnosis and is used only in emergency situations until a detailed examination of the patient is carried out and the cause that led to this condition is determined.

To establish the correct diagnosis it is of great importance:

a correct and carefully collected anamnesis;
clinical examination;
X-ray and ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, as well as the chest;
CBC, BAM, blood biochemistry;
laparoscopy.

Acute abdomen clinic

This condition is characterized by a triad of symptoms: acute abdominal pain, tension in the abdominal muscles and impaired intestinal evacuation function, that is, peristalsis. So, the classic signs of an “acute abdomen”:

sharp cramping pain in the abdomen, appearing periodically or constantly;
pallor of the skin and mucous membranes;
gases do not pass, stool is delayed or diarrhea, which indicates a weakening of intestinal motility;
rapid breathing and pulse;
decreased blood pressure (typical of intra-abdominal bleeding);
acute pain is usually combined with nausea and vomiting;
positive Shchetkin-Blumberg sign (palpation of the abdomen reveals a sharp increase in pain after pressing with fingers on the anterior wall of the abdomen and suddenly withdrawing the hand - the patient’s reaction is determined by the resulting grimace of pain);
forced position in the “fetal position” - the patient lies on the healthy side, legs are bent and pressed to the stomach, arms and chin are pressed to the chest;
pain shock;
acute vascular insufficiency (loss of consciousness) - with internal bleeding or unbearable pain;
cold sticky sweat, significant weakness and dizziness.

When acute abdominal pain occurs, there is not always an increase in temperature. The clinical picture of an “acute abdomen” without temperature rise is observed with intra-abdominal bleeding (perforation of an ulcer, trauma or gynecological problems: tubal pregnancy, ovarian apoplexy). But in the case of a delayed request for specialized help, the blood that has poured into the abdominal cavity is hemolyzed, its breakdown products are absorbed back into the bloodstream, which leads to aseptic inflammation, the development of diffuse peritonitis and an increase in body temperature. As a rule, an increase in temperature accompanies inflammatory processes in the abdominal and pelvic organs.

What causes acute abdominal pain?

The occurrence of acute abdominal pain is provoked by many reasons. These can be inflammatory diseases of the abdominal, retroperitoneal organs and organs located in the pelvis. Pain syndrome is also characteristic of pathologies accompanied by intra-abdominal bleeding. Abdominal pain can also be caused by diseases of the thoracic cavity and spine.

Acute appendicitis

What to do: Call a local doctor or an ambulance. Taking painkillers is prohibited.

Acute intestinal obstruction

In case of intestinal contents evacuation disorder, intestinal obstruction develops. There are 2 known forms of this pathology: dynamic (as a result of intestinal spasm or paresis) and mechanical (a plug is formed in the intestine, represented by a foreign body, a clot of helminths, a gallstone, or tugging of an intestinal loop with adhesions). Infringement or compression of the intestinal loop can be provoked by heavy physical work associated with tension in the abdominal muscles, constipation or errors in diet. Intestinal volvulus (torsion) is a consequence of adhesions and excessive length.

This pathology begins with sudden acute pain in the abdomen, the nature of which is cramping, and the intensity varies. Pain in the form of spasms is characteristic of the obstructive form of obstruction (calculi, tumor, helminths, etc.). In the case of intestinal strangulation (compression by adhesions, torsion or strangulation of a hernia), the pain syndrome is constant and very intense - the patient groans and screams. Intestinal obstruction is always accompanied by pain, which is the leading diagnostic sign. If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner, the pain gradually decreases and disappears, which is associated with necrosis of the nerve endings and the damaged intestinal loop itself. In this situation, diffuse peritonitis develops, vomiting occurs, the tongue is “like a brush,” peritoneal symptoms of the abdomen are noted in all its parts, pain in the abdominal wall upon palpation, stool and gases do not pass away.

What to do: Call the brigade immediately " emergency care", you can take an antispasmodic (don't forget to tell your doctor about this). Do not take laxatives or do an enema under any circumstances.

Strangulated hernia

Hernias are classified as congenital or acquired, which appear in “weak” areas of the abdomen. There are also postoperative hernias that form in places of postoperative scars. The provoking factors of infringement are a sharp increase in internal abdominal pressure, which occurs after heavy physical labor and heavy lifting, screaming and crying of a child, a prolonged period of straining, constipation, coughing and sneezing, and so on.

Pain from strangulation is localized at the location of the hernia (in the groin or femoral region, in the navel or postoperative scar). The pain syndrome is characterized by intensity, occurs against a background of nausea and vomiting, stool and gas are retained, and. At the site of the hernia, the patient feels a dense and very painful formation (round or oblong), which cannot be reduced into the abdominal cavity. If you do not seek medical help in a timely manner, necrosis of the strangulated organ, usually the intestinal loop, and peritonitis develops.

What to do: Call an ambulance immediately; before the call, you can take antispasmodics.

Perforated ulcer

What to do: Call immediately 03. The patient is prohibited from eating and drinking.

Acute gastritis

What to do: Contact your local doctor, consult a gastroenterologist, undergo an FGDS.

Peptic ulcer: exacerbation

For exacerbation of stomach ulcers/ duodenum characterized by sharp abdominal pain that occurs a few minutes (10 - 30) after eating. At the peak of a painful attack, profuse vomiting of acidic contents is possible. Often the pain occurs at night or on an empty stomach and subsides after a snack. The pain is localized in the epigastrium; less often, acute pain occurs in the right side of the abdomen (right hypochondrium). Irradiation of pain occurs in lumbar region, chest, sometimes in the lower abdomen. The pain syndrome intensifies with physical activity, and the attack decreases in a stationary and forced position. Pain during an exacerbation of an ulcer often occurs against the background of heartburn and vomiting, but the appetite does not suffer, although there is a fear of eating.

Chronic enteritis: exacerbation

This disease occurs as a result of inflammation and dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, often combined with damage to the large intestine (). The reasons are previous intestinal infections or. The clinical picture is represented by a dull aching pain, which is not sharply expressed and appears either after eating or has no connection with eating. The patient also complains of distension in the epigastric and periumbilical region and fullness, heaviness, loss of appetite, bloating/rumbling in the abdomen. Upon examination, dry skin, brittle nails, and bleeding from the gums (polyavitaminosis) are revealed.

What to do: consultation with a gastroenterologist.

Chronic colitis: exacerbation

When this disease worsens, minor pain occurs in the lower half or throughout the abdomen. There is also heaviness in the abdomen, burning and itching in the anus, the patient complains of bloating and rumbling, and palpation of the abdomen reveals pain along the large intestine.

What to do: consult a gastroenterologist, follow a diet.

Hepatic colic

An attack of hepatic colic is a consequence of blockage of the neck of the gallbladder by a stone, or blockage of its ducts by a stone in case of cholelithiasis or acute inflammation of the gallbladder (). Pain attack caused by stones in gallbladder violation of diet, physical and nervous overload. The pain occurs unexpectedly and is very sharp, quickly increases and is felt in the right hypochondrium and epigastrium. The pain radiates under the right collarbone and scapula, to right shoulder and the right half of the neck. Rarely, pain radiates to the lower back and iliac region. When lying on the left side, the pain also increases during inhalation, which is caused by tension in the peritoneum. An attack of severe pain can last several days. The patient is also concerned about constant nausea and vomiting of bile without relief. On examination, yellowness of the skin and sclera is noted. The temperature rises, an increase in leukocytes and neutrophils is detected in the blood.

What to do: Call a doctor immediately and refrain from eating until hospitalization.

Acute pancreatitis

What to do: The golden rule of surgeons for acute pancreatitis: cold, hunger and rest. Call 03.

Acute diverticulitis

Meckel's diverticulum is a saccular protrusion of the wall of the small intestine, which is formed against the background of incomplete fusion of the vitelline duct. Often diagnosed in childhood. Characterized by intestinal bleeding, blood found in the stool (melena) and symptoms of intestinal obstruction. The pain is very intense, located to the right of the navel or slightly lower.

What to do: Call an ambulance immediately, as the disease requires emergency surgery.

Renal colic

An attack of renal colic is characterized by a sudden onset, the pain is sharp and excruciating, located in the lower back, “descends” along the ureter and radiates to the perineum, groin and leg. The pain syndrome is also combined with dysuric symptoms (painful and frequent urination, hematuria), nausea, flatulence and vomiting.

What to do: seek medical help as quickly as possible; taking antispasmodics and taking a warm bath is allowed, provided that the patient knows that he has kidney stones.

Diseases of the chest organs

Pathology of the thoracic cavity organs is often accompanied by abdominal pain:

lower lobe right-sided pneumonia (lobar);
inflammation of the pleura, which covers the inside of the chest) - ;
failure of the right ventricle of the heart (blood stagnates in the systemic circulation, which leads to its accumulation in the liver, legs and other organs);

Abdominal syndrome during myocardial infarction is characterized by acute pain in the epigastric region, and occurs with nausea and vomiting. The pain is bursting or pressing in nature and is combined with characteristic signs of the disease:

drop or jump in blood pressure;
anxiety and fear of death and so on.

Right-sided pneumonia is accompanied by pain in the upper right part of the abdomen, and signs of peritoneal irritation may appear. A distinctive feature of the pain syndrome is its development against the background of symptoms of acute pulmonary inflammation:

high temperature (38 and above);
dyspnea;
on auscultation, weakened breathing in the affected lobe of the lung;
rib cage on the right there is a delay in breathing and other signs.

Inflammation of the pleura is also accompanied by pain in the upper abdomen. Pain intensifies with coughing and deep sighs.

Right ventricular failure is characteristic of mitral stenosis. Pain occurs under the ribs on the right, which is caused by an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). The pain is dull, aching.

Case Study: Once I was on duty in the ambulance, essentially acting as an emergency room doctor. They brought a mother and a boy about 9 years old. The mother complained of acute abdominal pain in the child. The pain started a few hours ago. Temperature 37.5. The boy and mother did not make any other complaints. During auscultation of the lungs, I did not hear anything pathological. Palpation of the abdomen is painful, peritoneal symptoms are weakly positive, the abdomen is soft. The tongue is wet and coated. There is no nausea or vomiting. She called a surgeon for a consultation (a child with a suspected “acute abdomen”). The surgeon, after listening to the lungs, made a diagnosis: “right-sided lower lobe pneumonia” and sent the patient for an X-ray examination.

Intestinal infections

Acute abdominal pain also accompanies intestinal infectious diseases. The intensity of pain and intoxication syndrome is determined by the causative agent of the infection.

(inflammation of the large intestine, rectum) is characterized by the appearance of spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen, more on the left and is accompanied by diarrhea. Diarrhea is severe, stools are very frequent, up to 20 times a day, and quickly lose their fecal character. The cardinal sign of dysentery is “rectal spitting” - the urge to defecate is frequent and painful with the release of a lump of mucus and pus with blood streaks.

Occurs with damage to the large and small intestines. Acute abdominal pain that occurs with this disease is not clearly localized, often diffuse throughout the abdomen. Distinctive feature Salmonellosis is caused by loose and frequent stools, and the stool has a dirty green color (“swamp mud”).

With viral intestinal infections, the pain is localized in the navel area, spastic in nature and accompanied by vomiting, but copious and infrequent stools.

What to do: Call your local doctor, do not refuse hospitalization.

Diseases of the female genital organs

Acute pain in the lower abdomen in women, as a rule, accompanies inflammatory processes of the internal reproductive organs (uterus, tubes, ovaries). Pain is felt in the lower abdomen (iliac regions) and is accompanied by intoxication syndrome (weakness, fever alternating with chills, loss of appetite, dizziness). In acute endometritis, pain is localized above the pubis and in the lower half of the abdomen. The disease develops rapidly, the temperature rises sharply (up to 39 degrees), and the general condition suffers. There is purulent discharge mixed with blood - “meat slop”, which has an unpleasant odor.

With inflammation of the uterine appendages, the pain is located in the lower abdomen, in both iliac regions (bilateral adnexitis) or on the right/left. The pain is described as sharp or aching, constant and radiating to the lower back, sacrum, and perineum. Symptoms of intoxication are also present.

Intra-abdominal bleeding caused by gynecological pathology (ovarian rupture or ectopic pregnancy) is also accompanied by pain. The pain is periodic and cramping and is accompanied by slight or moderate bleeding from the genital tract. The described clinic is typical for tubal abortion. In the event of a pipe rupture, a woman feels a very sharp and sudden pain on the right or left in the groin, there is a rapid drop in blood pressure and increased heart rate (blood quickly fills the abdominal cavity), pale skin, and possible loss of consciousness.

What to do: If you suspect an ectopic pregnancy, immediately call " ambulance", and put the patient to bed and put cold on the lower abdomen. Cold is also necessary for inflammation of the genital organs. The patient needs to see a gynecologist.

Diseases of the male genital organs

Acute abdominal pain in men often occurs due to inflammation of the prostate. It can be provoked by an ascending infection, sexual dysfunction (violent or infrequent sexual activity, interrupted sexual intercourse), physical inactivity, sedentary work, constipation, alcohol, etc. The pain is felt behind and above the pubis, radiating to the sacrum and groin, to the perineum and lower back, to the rectum. The pain is also combined with frequent and painful urination, fever, weakness and decreased performance. Stool disorders (diarrhea, painful bowel movements) cannot be ruled out; then the pain becomes unbearable and pulsating and is felt in the rectum.

Possible disease based on pain location

Depending on the location of the pain, a possible pathology can be assumed:

Pain in the right hypochondrium

pathology of the lungs and chest organs (lower lobe pneumonia on the right, pulmonary infarction, fractures of the lower ribs on the right, pulmonary embolism - PE);
liver diseases (hepatomegaly, benign and malignant tumor formations, liver abscess, liver injury);
diseases of the biliary tract (acute or chronic cholecystitis with hepatic colic, cholelithiasis);
gastric pathology (exacerbation of stomach ulcers, acute and chronic gastritis, perforation of gastric ulcers, acute dilatation of the stomach - overeating);
diseases of the duodenum (exacerbation of duodenal ulcer, perforation of duodenal ulcer, acute pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer);
kidney disease (renal colic due to urolithiasis);
heart disease (pericarditis, acute myocardial infarction);
intestinal pathology (retrocecal appendicitis - atypical location of the appendix);
other causes are herpetic infection in the form or subdiaphragmatic abscess.

Pain in the pit of the stomach (in the epigastrium)

cardiac pathology (abdominal myocardial infarction syndrome, pericardial inflammation);
pathology of the esophagus (esophagitis - inflammation of the esophagus, hiatal hernia, perforation of the esophagus);
pathology of the stomach (acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, achalasia of the cardia);
diseases of the pancreas (acute inflammation or tumors of the gland);
other causes (sternum injury - fracture or costochondritis).

Pain in the left hypochondrium

lungs, chest (fractures of the lower ribs on the left, left-sided lower lobe pneumonia);
pathology of the spleen (splenomegaly, trauma or abscess of the spleen, aneurysm of the splenic artery);
gastric pathology (gastritis, or benign tumors, exacerbation of a stomach ulcer; perforation of a gastric ulcer, acute pancreatitis, malignant lesion of the tail of the pancreas, pancreatic cysts);
for kidney diseases (renal colic or pyelonephritis).

Pain in the navel area

the pancreas is affected (in the case of tumors or pancreatitis);
the intestine is affected (in case of mechanical intestinal obstruction, early stage of appendicitis, in case of thrombosis of mesenteric vessels or intestinal infarction, in case of strangulation, umbilical hernia, diverticulitis, enteritis and volvulus of the greater omentum);
other etiology (uremia, leukemia).

Pain in the right iliac region

intestinal pathology (in acute appendicitis or mesadenitis, strangulation of a right-sided inguinal hernia, perforation of the cecum caused by a tumor, foreign body or diverticulitis, perforation of a gastric or duodenal ulcer);
kidney pathology (pyelonephritis or renal colic);
diseases of the female reproductive organs (acute adnexitis: tubo-ovarian formation, pyovar, pyosalpinx, ectopic pregnancy and ovarian rupture, pain during ovulation and endometriosis, torsion of the pedicle of the ovarian cyst);
vascular diseases (iliac artery aneurysm).

Pain in the left iliac region

intestinal pathology (diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, perforation of the descending colon, strangulation of the left-sided inguinal hernia);
pathology of the female genital organs (acute inflammation of the appendages and ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis and torsion of the pedicle of the ovarian cyst);
kidney damage (pyelonephritis or renal colic).

Other etiology

Left iliac artery aneurysm, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, or psoas abscess.

Helping the patient before the doctor arrives

If acute abdominal pain occurs, the victim should be given first (pre-medical) aid, and the sooner the better. Anyone who has experienced acute abdominal pain in themselves or a loved one should know the basic rules of behavior in such a situation:

first of all, the patient should be put to bed and ensure rest;
find out whether the sick person has any chronic diseases of the digestive system, whether similar situations have happened in the past, and what measures he took to alleviate the condition;
immediately call an emergency team in case of abdominal injury (the pain is very significant, there is nausea and vomiting, especially with blood), the appearance of black stools, acute urinary retention and detection of bloody streaks in the urine or vomit;
It is allowed to take antispasmodics (,), which should be reported to the doctor;
apply ice or a bubble of cold water to your stomach;
in case of absence of consciousness and preserved pulse and breathing, the patient should be placed on his stomach, turning his head to the side (this position ensures free breathing and prevents suffocation or inhalation of vomit and its penetration into the lungs);
If there is no breathing or pulse, place the victim on a hard surface and begin primary resuscitation (artificial respiration and chest compressions).

Strictly prohibited

leaving the sick person alone;
eat and drink;
taking analgesics (in addition to the analgesic effect, many analgesic drugs lower the temperature, which together blurs the clinical picture and makes diagnosis difficult);
taking laxatives or giving an enema;
warm the painful place in the stomach.

The most common complaint is stomach pain. The nature of the pain can be sudden or constant. The epigastric region of the abdominal cavity is most often affected. Many people do not pay attention to short-term unpleasant attacks. They pass quickly due to medication or on their own. The attack is a single one - there is no need to worry, but if the temperature rises or is constantly low-grade, pain constantly permeates the body, an examination is necessary. This is a signal of serious complications.

Causes, symptoms

All pain is caused by stomach disease or problems with other organs. The reasons for pain in the abdominal cavity are divided into two groups:

first - gastritis, ulcers, polyps, cancer, infections, poisoning, allergies, stress, individual food intolerance;
the second is pancreatitis, anomaly of the small and large intestines, appendicitis, diseases of the circulatory system.

The nature of the pain directly indicates the problem. Increased temperature, dizziness, sweating, fever, nausea, aching bones - an acute condition. With pain radiating to the right hypochondrium, attacks of bile vomiting are possible, which indicates possible cholecystitis. Pain spreading to the entire abdomen, accompanied by high fever, chills, dizziness, and general weakness of the body is a signal for immediate hospitalization.

What diseases cause fever and pain in the stomach?

Sudden, severe pain, subsequently spreading throughout the entire abdomen, is a dangerous symptom. A severe outbreak of pain accompanied by an increase in temperature accompanies the following diseases.

The severity of abdominal pain during food poisoning depends on the amount of spoiled product that has entered the body, which leads to intoxication. Signs of poisoning may appear suddenly or over a period of time, usually 1 to 2 hours after eating low-quality foods. Main signs of poisoning:

general weakness of the body;
increased sweating;
acute pain in the abdomen;
the temperature rises from low-grade to high (bone ache is a sign of increasing temperature);
severe nausea;
vomit;
stool disorder.

The state of intoxication is aggravated by muscle weakness, dilated pupils, dizziness, dry mouth, and paralysis. The main thing to do in this case is to urgently call an ambulance.

It is important to immediately determine the cause of poisoning. Before the doctor arrives, it is necessary to perform gastric lavage and take sorbents. During the course of treatment you must drink a large number of water. Restoration of low water-alkaline balance is carried out with saline solutions.

Treatment of poisoning is complex. In addition to rinsing and taking sorbents, a specialist may prescribe antibiotics. After completing the course of treatment, the signs of the disease will disappear, it will be necessary to take care of restoring the intestinal microflora.

Salmonellosis

Complex, infection caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella. Dangerous for children and adults due to difficulty in treatment. Bacteria enter through animals, foods, carriers of the disease, and affect the gastrointestinal tract. The period of time from the moment the infection enters the body to the initial symptoms is short, from 6 to 48 hours. Symptoms of the disease in acute form are pronounced and depend on the severity of the lesion:

a sharp feeling of discomfort in the abdomen, not concentrated in one point;
bloating;
chills and limb cramps appear;
severe intoxication is accompanied by liquid diarrhea and vomiting;
there is a sharp increase in temperature; when acute symptoms are removed, the temperature remains subfebrile;
gives rise to fever or cold sweat;
be sick;
aches bones;
dry skin and mucous membranes.

There are several forms of salmonellosis:

In the first form, the stomach and intestines are affected:
- stomach;
- stomach and small intestine;
- stomach and small and large intestines.
In the second, other organs and systems in the human body are affected. The initial symptoms of this form are similar to acute gastritis and gastroenterocolitis. Gradually they turn into signs of typhus (fever, body aches, bones, muscle pain, dizziness, fainting, weakness, hallucinations) or sepsis (cold sweats, severe fever, purulent inflammation of organs).

For mild symptoms, therapy is carried out at home, under the strict supervision of a specialist. Severe symptoms in an adult, especially a child, require immediate hospitalization. The main goal of treatment is to eliminate intoxication and restore low water-alkaline balance. The body, having suffered a complex disease, takes a long time to recover.

Gastroenteritis

The cause of the disease is a virus or bacteria. As a rule, it is provoked by E. coli and rotavirus infection. Children are most often susceptible to this infection. The disease manifests itself with the following symptoms:

headache, chills;
sharp pain in the abdominal area;
at first the temperature is low (37 -37.1), gradually able to rise to 38 degrees;
aches bones;
sweating;
upset stool from several times a day to 30;
nausea;
vomit.

Signs of infection occur in mild, moderate, and acute forms. A distinctive characteristic is an increase in the number of vomiting and loose stool. In addition to the characteristic form of the disease, there are atypical ones:

erased (mild headache, low-grade fever);
asymptomatic (signs are detected by laboratory tests).

The cause of the disease is the carrier (the patient is dangerous for 7 days). Patients with asymptomatic forms are especially dangerous. Mild forms are treated at home; moderate and severe cases require hospitalization. Therapy is aimed at restoring low water-alkaline balance and eliminating intoxication.

Stomach ulcer

An ulcerative condition of the stomach is caused by corrosion of the organ mucosa by gastric juice and bile. The ulcer is chronic, with periodic exacerbations. One of the signs of an ulcerative condition is nausea and abdominal discomfort, which usually occurs in the epigastric zone. The strength of pain symptoms ranges from low to high, so make a conclusion based on pain problematic. For an accurate picture, attacks are associated with meals. Attacks of headaches, nausea, and pain occur 1.5 hours after eating. The following signs accompany ulcerative complications:

low-grade fever with headache;
constant discomfort in the stomach;
heartburn, belching;
often feels sick;
vomiting (especially after eating);
cold sweat;
weight loss.

A stomach ulcer is a dangerous, complex condition of the body. It is necessary to constantly monitor the patient's well-being. Particularly dangerous is the occurrence of a sharp, cutting flash of pain, indicating a perforation of the ulcer. This condition is life-threatening for the patient and requires hospitalization and surgical intervention.

Gastritis

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa is common, especially among those who are accustomed to “snack on the run,” which disrupts the proper digestion process. In a chronic condition, the discomfort is not pronounced and is characterized by a dull, aching sensation, so it is often not paid attention to. Eating directly affects the increase in discomfort. Immediately after eating there is an attack of nausea and a cold sweat. In addition, the chronic condition is accompanied by:

feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
belching;
unpleasant taste in the mouth;
nausea;
heartburn.

Acute conditions are accompanied by fever up to 38 degrees, aching bones, sweating, and possible low-grade fever. A long course of chronic gastritis can provoke peptic ulcer disease.

First aid

To provide quality first aid, it is necessary to find out the cause of pain in the abdominal area. To do this, be sure to contact a specialist or call an ambulance at home in case of any painful sensations that last more than half an hour and are accompanied by distress.

It is important to remember that before the specialist arrives, you should not draw conclusions on your own, take antispasmodic, painkillers, or antipyretic medications. Taking medications on your own, even out of fear of going to the hospital, leads to a blurred clinical picture and to possible complications that are life-threatening.

ethnoscience

First of all, a person who has a stomach ache should be provided with dietary nutrition. It is important not to relieve symptoms with medications, but to eliminate the cause of the complication. Experts agreed on the beneficial effects of biological products for the treatment of diseases. It is worth starting treatment with folk remedies if you know the exact diagnosis. And in cases of periodic pain, before contacting a specialist, you can remove the unpleasant sensation not with drugs, but with herbs:

Mint is a common remedy. Peppermint tea will eliminate symptoms of pain, and at the same time calm the nervous system, relieve dizziness, and relieve chills and insomnia. For better effect, add currant leaves.
Plantain brewed with honey (if you are not allergic to it, there is no increased acidity). Mix plantain juice with 0.5 kg of honey, put on fire, cook for 20 minutes, stirring constantly. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day, it will reduce discomfort and strengthen the body.
St. John's wort. To prepare the tincture, take 4 tbsp. l of dry grass and pour a bottle (0.5 l) of vodka, leave in a dark container for up to 3 days. After straining, you need to take 2 drops 2-3 times a day after meals, first diluting it in a glass of water. St. John's wort tincture is combined with other medicines.
Fennel. Fennel seeds contain anethole, which relieves inflammation of the mucous membrane. Pain and weakness caused by the inflammatory process gradually cease. It is enough to chew the seeds after meals (1 tsp). Tea helps a lot. Pour a teaspoon of seeds into a glass of boiling water, leave for 10 minutes, strain and drink in three doses.
Potato juice. ¼ cup juice, add ¾ cup water, add honey and lemon juice for taste. The unique properties of potatoes can cope with microbes that cause stomach ulcers and relieve heartburn. You should take the juice in the morning on an empty stomach.
Dandelions. Any part of the plant is used as effective medicine in the treatment of stomach ulcers. The leaves are added to salads, but dandelion juice is most effective. Tea from the root of the plant gives a good effect: pour 1 teaspoon of the plant with a glass of boiling water, leave for 10 minutes, filter and take. First check if you are allergic to this miraculous flower.

Pain in the stomach brings discomfort, relieve it. The time has come to replace unhealthy, fatty foods with healthy, dietary ones. If the pain symptom does not go away, consult a specialist.

Fever and stomach pain can be intermittent or constant. The most common pain is localized in the projection of the gastric region along the superficial wall of the peritoneum (epigastric or epigastric zone).

Diseases accompanied by painful syndrome in the gastric region

Painful manifestations in the epigastric region can provoke both pathologies of the organ itself and other problems in the body. Factors causing pain can be divided into 2 large groups:

Pain associated with stomach pathology:

Peptic ulcer disease.
Gastritis.
Stomach polyps.
Damage to the mucous membrane.
Bacterial and viral infections.
Food poisoning.
Functional disorders of the gastric system.
Nervous shocks and stress.
Immunity to certain types of food.

Pain associated with problems in other organs:

Pancreatitis.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Pathologies of the large and small intestines.
Diaphragm spasm.

An increase in temperature is an important symptom by which one or another illness can be diagnosed, because this aspect, together with stomach pain, is not typical for all of the above diseases.

So, an increase in temperature and painful reactions in the epigastric region can cause gastritis - inflammation in the mucous membrane of the stomach wall. It can be acute or chronic.

Symptoms of the acute form:

increase in temperature indicators;
sweating;
increased heart rate;
headache;
severe general malaise;
abdominal pain of a wave-like nature or constant and unbearable, worsening on an empty stomach or after eating;
nausea that occurs after eating;
heartburn and belching with a sour taste;
increased salivation;
stool disorders, bloating, flatulence and rumbling in the stomach.

Peptic ulcers can develop in both the stomach and duodenum. The symptoms include the following:

the occurrence of “hunger pains”;
feeling of heaviness in the epigastric area;
heartburn and frequent belching;
nausea with vomiting.

With life-threatening complications, ulcers appear:

weakness and dizziness;
black feces;
vomiting blood and fever (if the ulcer perforates);
acute painful and sharp spasms, but aching ones are also possible.

Note! If an ulcer is located in the duodenum, pain appears 2-3 hours after eating. And after using alkalizing agents (almagel, soda solution) they decrease. When an ulcer is located in the stomach, pain occurs and increases after eating, and alkalizing agents have no effect on it.

Duodenitis is an inflammatory process occurring in the small intestine, which can provoke pain in the stomach and on the anterior abdominal wall. Duodenitis can also increase the temperature. In people with duodenitis, pain symptoms can be quite intense. Quite often, patients note a connection between an attack and a stressful situation, while the connection between the occurrence of pain and food intake is not always present.

In addition to unpleasant symptoms in the abdomen with duodenitis, the following are recorded:

development of nausea and then vomiting;
general malaise;
pain on palpation.

This disease usually goes away on its own after a few days, but if attacks are repeated, duodenitis can transition from an acute to a chronic form.

The large intestine may also suffer from ulcerative colitis, which is indicated by pain due to an ulcer located in the transverse colon. It is worth noting that the pain is concentrated in the epigastric region.

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis are:

body temperature from 37 to 39°;
mushy or watery consistency of stool;
often the stool contains inclusions of pus or blood;
loss of appetite and weight loss in severe cases;
prostration;
joint pain;
disturbances in water and electrolyte balance of varying intensity.

The reasons for the development of ulcerative colitis may be allergies, genetic predisposition, individual intolerance to any substances, and frequent overstrain of the nervous system.