There are certain laws that govern the movement of electric current inside the human body. The human and animal organisms are complex electrical systems, where there is an electricity generator, conductors (peripheral nervous system), objects of partial absorption of biocurrents (internal organs) and objects of complete absorption of biocurrents (acupuncture points). The body of an animal has its own “power stations” (brain, heart, retina, inner ear, taste buds, etc.), “power lines” (nerve branches of various thicknesses), “consumers” of biocurrents (brain, heart, lungs , liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine glands, muscles, etc.) and ballast electricity absorbers (in the form of biologically active points located under the skin).
If we consider the human body from a "technical" standpoint, then a person is an autonomous self-regulating electrical system. Physics names three main components of an electric circuit: an electric current generator, a power transmission system (current conductors) and a consumer (absorber) of electricity. For example, a power plant generates electric current, a power transmission line (TL) transmits electricity over long distances to a consumer (plant, factory, residential buildings etc.). From the physics of electricity, it is known that an electric current in a circuit will pass only if an excess of electrons is formed at one end of the conductor, and a lack of them at the other end. Electric current moves from a positive electric charge to a negative one. Conditions for the movement of electric current will not arise until a potential difference appears in the electrical circuit. The generator of electricity creates an excess of electrons in one place, and consumers of electricity play the role of continuous absorbers of electrons. If consumers of electricity did not absorb electrons, but gradually accumulated them, then over time their potential would become equal to the electric potential of the generator, and then the movement of electricity in the circuit would stop. Therefore, the first law of bioelectrophysics can be formulated as follows: for the movement of electric currents in a circuit, the presence of three components in the form of a generator is necessary ( electrical plus), which generates electrons, a current conductor, which transfers electrons from one place to another, and an electricity consumer (electric minus), which absorbs electrons.
It is well known that due to the biocurrent moving through the nerve tissues, intestinal peristalsis, contraction of the muscle tissue of the heart, and the work of the muscular-articular apparatus (due to which a person walks and performs labor activity) occur. Thinking and manifestation of emotions is also carried out as a result of the movement of biocurrents through the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex. The flow of biocurrents through the nerve trunks to the speech apparatus makes it possible for people to communicate with each other. Bioimpulses emanating from the brain regulate the synthesis of proteins in the liver, hormones in the endocrine glands, affect the excretory function of the kidneys, and set the frequency of respiratory movements. A person as a whole should be perceived as a complex electrical (cybernetic) system that is capable of mental and physical activity and reproduction. Of course, the "electrotechnical" structure of a living organism is much more complicated than the banal electrical circuit. But general principles their activities are the same.

admin - Mon, 30/11/2009 - 10:41

We have to consider how the magnetic field can affect the human body, what are the possible ways (mechanisms) of this influence. To do this, we need to understand what role electricity and magnetism play in the life of an organism. After all, an external magnetic field can act either on electric currents and electric charges, or on magnets present in the human body.

Consider how the human body works from this point of view, namely: what role do electric currents and charges, as well as magnetic fields, play in its life.

The fact that in the human, as in any living organism, there are electric currents called biocurrents (i.e., electric currents in biological systems) has long been known. These currents, like any electric currents, are an ordered movement of electric charges, and in this sense they are no different from the current in the mains. The role of biocurrents in the functioning of the human body is very great.

The role of electric charges (electrons and ions) in the functioning of the body is also very important. They are regulators in the passages of cell membranes leading from the cell to the outside and from the outside to the cell, thus determining all the basic processes of the cell's vital activity.

In addition to electric currents and electric charges, there are small magnets in a living organism. These are molecules of body tissues, primarily water molecules. It is known that two magnets interact with each other. That is why the magnetic needle in the field of another magnet - the Earth turns its southern end towards the north of the earth's magnet. Similarly, small magnets in the body - molecules - are able to turn under the influence of an external magnet. An external magnetic field will orient the molecules in a certain way, and this will affect the functioning of the body. In a living organism there are huge molecules, consisting of thousands and millions of ordinary molecules. The properties of these macromolecules also depend on how they are oriented in space. This determines the performance of certain functions in the body. If such macromolecules have a magnetic moment (that is, they are magnets), as, for example, DNA molecules, then under the influence of a change in the Earth's magnetic field or any other external magnetic field, the molecules will orient themselves differently than in the absence of this field. Since they deviate from the desired direction, they can no longer perform their functions normally. The human body suffers from this.

The circulatory system is a system that conducts electric current, that is, it is a conductor. It is known from physics that if a conductor is moved in a magnetic field, then an electric current arises in this conductor. Current also occurs if the conductor is stationary, and the magnetic field in which it is located changes with time. This means that when moving in a magnetic field, in addition to useful biocurrents in the human body (and any animal), additional electric currents arise that affect the normal functioning of the body itself. When a bird is in flight and crosses magnetic field lines, electrical currents are generated in its circulatory system, which depend on the direction of its movement relative to the direction of the magnetic field. So, birds are oriented in space due to the Earth's magnetic field. When there is a magnetic storm, there is a change in the magnetic field in time, and this will cause biocurrents in the body.

If we use the terminology of radio amateurs, then we can say that in the human body there are electric currents. Radio amateurs and radio specialists know the secrets of eliminating these interferences on radio circuits, because only by eliminating these interferences can radio equipment work normally.

The human body, which in complexity cannot be compared with any of the most complex radio circuits, no one protects from pickups that occur in it during solar and magnetic storms.

A. L. Chizhevsky wrote in 1936: “Now we face another question: how to protect a person from the deadly influence of the environment, if it is associated with atmospheric electricity and electromagnetic radiation? How to protect a sick person who is going through the process of illness? After all, it is clear that if the crisis passes safely - and the crisis sometimes lasts only a day or two, a person will live for decades more ... Yes, physics knows ways to protect a person from such harmful influences of the Sun or similar ones, wherever they come from. Metal is the savior here...”

A. L. Chizhevsky, proposing to place patients during periods of solar storms in shielded metal sheets chamber, further writes: “Such a chamber should be covered on all six sides with a layer of metal of the appropriate thickness and appropriate impermeability without a single hole. Entry and exit from it must ensure that harmful radiation does not penetrate inside, which is easily achieved by a well-armored front with two doors. The restroom must also be armored on all sides and adjoin closely to the armored ward ... "

But in real conditions, patients during periods of solar and magnetic storms remain unprotected. Is it any wonder that the number of heart attacks during these periods increases several times, the number of cases of sudden death increases several times, the incidence of glaucoma increases, etc., etc.

Now let us consider specifically how the main links of the human body are built and function from an electrical point of view. Let's start with the cell. All living organisms consist of cells and have a lot in common, since their cells are arranged in the same way. Cells are able to multiply, change, respond to external stimuli.

The structure of the cell is very clearly and easily described by E. A. Lieberman in his “Living Cell” (M., Nauka, 1982). We will follow this description. Let's imagine a cell as a medieval city-state.

The outer boundary of this city (cells) is surrounded by a fortress wall, which keeps the inhabitants within the city walls and lets them in and out of the city only with a certain password. This city wall is the cell membrane. The functions of cell membranes are very serious, a lot depends on them in the body. At present, a whole science has been formed that studies cell membranes - membranology. Consider further internal organization cells. Inside this cell city there is a palace from which all orders are received by the inhabitants of the city. The palace (the core of the cell) is surrounded by a second fortress wall.

If you look at the city (cage) from a bird's eye view, you can see more separate groups of buildings that are surrounded by fortress walls. They house institutions with their own special functions. These groups of buildings are also surrounded by fortress walls. But these walls do not serve as protection from an external enemy located outside the city (cells), they contain within their limits the inhabitants of the institutions themselves. For example, in a cell there are colonies surrounded by a double membrane (wall), which are called lysosomes. If the lysosomes get out of their institution, they will start destroying all the substances that make up the cell like madmen. After a short time, they are able to destroy the entire cell.

Why does the cell need these lysosomes, which are kept in special insulators behind a double fortress wall - a double membrane? They are needed in case you need to remove unnecessary, decaying substances in the cell. Then they, on command from the palace (core), do it. Often these vesicles in the cell are called "scavengers". But if, for any reason, the membrane that holds them in is destroyed, these "scavengers" can turn into "gravediggers" for the entire cell. Such a destroyer of membranes that hold back lysosomes can be a magnetic field. Under its action, the membranes are destroyed and lysosomes gain freedom of action. There are other factors that can destroy these membranes. But we will not consider them here. We will only point out that if lysosomes destroy the cells of malignant tumors, then in this case they can be called orderlies.

In the palace (cell core), which occupies a third of the entire city (cell), the entire administrative apparatus is located. This is mainly the famous DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). It is designed to store and transmit information during cell division. The nucleus also contains a significant amount of basic proteins - histones and some RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Cells work, build, multiply. It takes energy. The cell itself produces the energy it needs. There are energy stations in the cell. These stations occupy an area 50-100 times smaller than the area of ​​the palace buildings, i.e., the cell nucleus. Energy stations are also surrounded by a double fortress wall. But it is not only intended to limit the station, but is also an integral part of it. Therefore, the design of the walls corresponds technological process receiving energy.

Cells receive energy in the cellular respiration system. It is released as a result of the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids, which are obtained in the digestive tract and in the liver from carbohydrates, fats and proteins. But the most important supplier of energy in the cell is glucose.

It is quite obvious how important is the formation of energy in the cell. Let us say in advance that this process is also affected by an external magnetic field. This is primarily because the process of converting glucose into carbon dioxide (biological oxidation) takes place with the participation of electrically charged ions. The process, which takes place with the participation of electrons and ions, forms water molecules at its final stage. If, for some reason, there are no oxygen atoms at this final stage, then water cannot be formed. Hydrogen will remain free and will accumulate in the form of ions. Then the whole process of biological oxidation will stop. This means that the work of the power station will also stop, and an energy crisis will come.

Interestingly, energy in the cell is produced in small portions - the process of glucose oxidation includes a total of up to 30 reactions. Each of these reactions releases a small amount of energy. Such a small "packaging" is very convenient for the use of energy. At the same time, the cell has the opportunity to most rationally use the energy released in small portions for current needs, and the excess stored energy is deposited by the cell in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid). The energy stored by the cell in the form of ATP is a kind of emergency reserve, NZ.

ATP is a complex compound, the molecule of which includes three phosphoric acid residues. The addition of each of the residues expends energy in the amount of about 800 calories. This process is called phosphorylation. Energy can be taken back from ATP by breaking down ATP into two other substances: ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate.

Similarly, in the splitting of complex atomic nuclei, atomic energy is released. Of course, this analogy is not complete, since the hydrolysis (splitting) of ATP molecules leaves the atomic nuclei unchanged. The splitting of ATP occurs in the presence of a special substance that does not participate in the reaction itself, but accelerates its course and is called an enzyme by chemists. In this case, the enzyme is adenosine triphosphase (ATPase). This substance comes in various forms and is found everywhere where reactions with energy consumption take place.

ATP is the universal form of energy storage. It is used not only by all animal cells, but also by plant cells.

ATP is formed during the process of biological oxidation from the same substances into which it is split during phosphorylation, namely: inorganic phosphate and ADP. Therefore, in order for biological oxidation to occur, it is necessary to have ADP and inorganic phosphate at all stages of this process, which are continuously consumed as the oxidation process proceeds, since they form an energy reserve in the form of ATP.

The process of oxidative phosphorylation proceeds simultaneously with biological oxidation. Both of these processes are closely related to each other, and the whole technology of obtaining energy in cells is associated with them. The conjugation of these processes is the key to the existence and functioning of the cell. In a cell, under the influence of any internal or external causes, oxidation can continue regardless of phosphorylation. The process of energy production turns out to be independent, unrelated to the process of its release. Normal functioning and even the existence of the cell is impossible.

The described process of production and consumption of energy by the cell is an electrical process at all its stages. It is based on reactions involving electrically charged particles - electrons and ions. A magnetic field of any origin acts on electric charges and in this way can influence this process of production and expenditure of energy by cells. This means that the energy stations of the cell are also poorly protected from the action of an external magnetic field, despite the double fortress wall surrounding them.

At present, intensive research is being conducted in many scientific and medical centers on the influence of a magnetic field on the course of the process of biological oxidation and phosphorylation (i.e., the production of energy by the cell and its expenditure) and it has been shown that the magnetic field can uncouple this process and thereby bring the cell to death.

Some of the medications, antibiotics, poisons, as well as the thyroid hormone - thyroxine.

We said above that the entry into and exit from the cage is regulated by electricity. Let us consider this in more detail, since this process is also affected by a magnetic field. The fortress wall of the cell - the membrane - is built in two bricks. The bricks are phospholipid molecules that form a thin film that is in constant motion. Protein molecules adjoin this wall on both sides (inside and outside). We can say that it is lined with protein molecules. Protein molecules are not tightly packed, but form a relatively sparse pattern. This pattern is the same for all cells of a homogeneous tissue, say liver tissue. Kidney cells have a different pattern, etc. For this reason, heterogeneous cells do not stick together. Through the pores present in the pattern of protein molecules, large molecules can enter the cell, which are able to dissolve in the fats that make up the wall.

Proteins are produced inside the cell. Therefore, they are present outside the cell if there are passages in the wall itself (and not in the protein pattern). Through them, protein molecules make their way out. These passages are very small. Their size is the same as the size of atoms and molecules. These passages, or, as they are called, pores, serve to remove unnecessary molecules and ions from the cell. They resemble tunnels; their length is 10 times their width. There are few such passages in the cell membrane; in some cells, they occupy only one millionth of the entire surface of the membrane in area. These passages are designed in such a way that they are able to pass some molecules and ions and retain others. The password is the size of molecules and ions, and for ions also their electric charge. The fact is that the membrane itself is energized, as if an electric battery is connected to it with a minus of inside membrane, and a plus on its outer, outer side. What is this battery? It is created by electric charges that are carried by potassium ions and sodium ions dissolved in water and located on both sides of the membrane. If there is an equal number of positive and negative electric charges anywhere in the solution, then the total electric charge is zero and the electric potential is also zero. This means that the battery is not charged. In order for it to charge, it is necessary to collect more positively charged ions in one place, and more negatively charged ions in another place. These places are nothing but the poles of the battery - plus and minus. How is this battery created and functioning in a cell?

The aqueous solution contains potassium ions and sodium ions on both sides of the membrane, and the cells contain mainly potassium, and the extracellular fluid contains sodium. Potassium ions are much smaller than sodium ions, so they pass through the passages in the membrane to the outside more easily than sodium ions into the cell. And since there are as many negative charges inside the cell as there are potassium ions accumulated on the outside of the membrane, an electric field is created in the membrane. The electric field that emerged as a result of the difference in the concentration of potassium inside and outside the cell maintains a potential difference that does not change with the movement of sodium ions, since the permeability of the membrane for them is negligible. The electric field increases the flow of potassium into the cell and decreases the flow out. When as many potassium ions pass inside the cell as they go outside, dynamic balance, as a result of which there is a plus on the outside of the cell, and a minus on the inner wall of the membrane. If an electric current impulse (i.e. biocurrent) enters the cell as a result of external stimulation, then the membrane becomes more permeable to sodium ions for a short time, therefore sodium ions, the content of which in the extracellular space is 100 times greater than potassium ions, rush through passages in the membrane into the cell or, say, a nerve fiber, as a result of which the charge of the membrane changes, i.e., during excitation, the poles of the batteries change places; where there was a minus, it became a plus, and vice versa. Some time after the termination of the stimulus, the permeability of the membrane for potassium ions increases again (as before the stimulus), and for sodium ions it decreases. This leads to a rapid restoration of the electrical potential that was on the membrane before the action of the stimulus.

The main conclusion for us from all that has been said is that the passages (pores) in the membranes, through which the exchange of the cell with the external "world" takes place, change under the influence of electric (biological) currents, and they pass ions in different ways depending on the value these currents. We have already said repeatedly that a magnetic field can act on electric currents and on the movement of electric charges (ions). This means that it is easy to understand that this process of communication between the cell and the outside world is significantly affected by the magnetic field. It can disrupt the flow of this communication and disrupt the conditions for the existence and functioning of the cell.

The process described above enters into the work of the nervous system and underlies nervous excitation, which in its physical essence is an electrical process.

Let us briefly consider how the nervous system works. The main unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell - the neuron. It consists of a body and processes. Many of the nerve processes emanating from the cell are short and are called dendrites, and one process, as a rule, is long and is called an axon. The axon is filled with gelatinous fluid, which is constantly created in the cell and moves slowly along the fiber. A lot of lateral threads depart from the main trunk of the axon, which, together with the threads of neighboring neurons, form complex networks. These threads perform the functions of communication, like dendrites. The axons of nerve cells are assembled into nerve fibers, through which electrical (biological) currents flow. These electrical impulses are transmitted over long distances. So, for example, the axons of the motor cells of the cerebral cortex are about 1 m long. The rate of propagation of electric current along the nerve fiber depends on the cross section of the conductor (i.e., the nerve fiber) and on the sheath. The thinner the nerve fiber, the lower the speed of propagation of an electrical impulse through it. Electricians for different purposes use cables of various sections, with different insulation and other parameters. The body also has various nerve fibers, since for the normal functioning of the body it is necessary to transmit electrical impulses in different parts of the nervous system at different speeds. There are thick nerve conductors (type A) with a diameter of 16 - 20 microns, along which sensitive and motor impulses propagate at a speed of 50 - 140 m / s. They are enclosed in a sheath called myelin. These are somatic nerve fibers that provide the body with immediate adaptation to external conditions, in particular, fast motor reactions.

In addition to this type, the body has thinner fibers with a diameter of 5 - 12 microns, which are also covered with myelin (type B), but with a thinner layer. Electric current passes through these fibers at a lower speed - 10 - 35 m / s. These fibers provide sensitive innervation to the internal organs and are called visceral.

There are even thinner nerve fibers (about 2 microns, type C) that do not have a sheath, that is, they are not cables, but bare wires. They conduct electrical impulses at a speed of only 0.6 - 2 m / s and connect the nerve cells of the sympathetic ganglia with internal organs, blood vessels, and the heart.

What is the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber? It is formed by special cells in such a way that these cells wrap themselves many times around the nerve fiber and form a kind of clutch. In these places, the contents of the cell are squeezed out. The adjacent section of the nerve fiber (axon) is isolated in the same way, but by another cell, therefore the myelin sheath is systematically interrupted, the axon itself has no insulation between adjacent clutches and its membrane is in contact with the external environment. These sections between the clutches are called the intercepts of Ranvier (after the name of the scientist who described them). They play exclusively important role during the passage of an electrical impulse along a nerve fiber.

Nerve fibers form frequent connections with each other, as a result of which any nerve fiber has a connection with many other fibers. This whole complex system of interconnected nerve fibers is designed for the perception, processing and transmission of information by nerve cells. A magnetic field acts on electric currents. More precisely, the external magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of the electric (biological) current. In this way, the magnetic field interferes with the functioning of the nerve cell.

Let us recall how the effect of magnetic storms on patients suffering from cardiovascular and other diseases was first discovered. In 1915 - 1919 French doctors repeatedly observed that patients suffering from intermittent pain (rheumatism, diseases of the nervous system, heart, stomach and intestinal diseases) experienced attacks of pain at the same time, regardless of the conditions in which they lived. It was found that attacks of neuralgia, angina pectoris in a wide variety of patients coincided in time with an accuracy of two to three days. A similar kind of series have been seen in a number of accidents.

The attending physicians, who discovered these facts quite by accident, drew attention to the fact that telephone communications during these periods also began to function intermittently or even completely stopped working for several hours. At the same time, no damage was observed in the telephone sets and their correct operation was restored by itself after these periods, without the intervention of a human hand. It turned out to be striking that the days of disturbances in the operation of telephone sets coincided with the deterioration indicated above during various diseases. Simultaneous disruption in the operation of electrical equipment and physiological mechanisms in the human body was caused by increased solar activity and associated solar storms. In 84% of all cases of exacerbation of various symptoms chronic diseases and the occurrence of severe or exceptional complications in their course coincided in time with the passage of sunspots through the central meridian of the Sun, i.e., by the time when the probability of magnetic storms is maximum.

If telephone communication fails during magnetic storms, then is it any wonder that the human body, which is a system of electric currents and electric potentials, refuses to work normally in a magnetic storm. At present, in middle latitudes (where the action of magnetic storms is less than in high latitudes), telephone communications do not fail during magnetic storms. They learned how to make a telephone network with a sufficient margin of safety. For the past decades, nothing has been offered to man to protect his body from solar and magnetic storms.

Now back to the consideration of the nervous system.

What is a nerve impulse? A nerve impulse is an electrical current generated by a potential difference between inside nerve fiber and its outer part, i.e. environment. We have already considered above where the potential difference between the inner and outer walls of the cell membrane comes from. Sodium ions and potassium ions are in an aqueous solution, and water molecules carry both positive and negative electrical charges. Electric charges interact with each other: like electric charges repel each other, and opposite charges attract. Therefore, the negatively charged ends of water molecules are attracted by positive ions of potassium, sodium, calcium, etc., forming a shell on them, like a fur coat. These ions move along with a shell of water molecules oriented in a certain way. The greater the electrical charge of an ion, the greater the number of water molecules it can bind. This means that such an ion forms the largest water coat (shell). Potassium ions have the smallest water coat, and sodium ions have a much larger one.

If the battery is short-circuited with a wire, it will “sit down” very quickly, its potential will disappear and it will be unable to produce electric current. The potassium and sodium ion battery is also shorted. Why doesn't she sit down? At first glance, it should “sit down”, because, as the number of positive electric charges increases in one place, and negative electric charges in another place, forces arise that tend to return everything to the original uniform distribution of ions in the water. In order to prevent this from happening, i.e., so that the battery does not run out, it is necessary to forcibly maintain the difference in ion concentrations on different sides of the cell membrane, and hence the difference in electric potential, i.e., the ability to create an electric current. This means that the ions must be forcibly pumped out. This function is performed by special mechanisms of the cell located in the membrane - "ion pumps". They cause the ions to move in the opposite direction to where they are pushed by the force, seeking to align everything. How are these pumps arranged? It has been established that the fluxes of potassium ions in both directions (outside and inside the cell) are approximately equal. This is explained by the fact that for potassium ions the difference in electrochemical potentials between the cell and the environment is very small. With sodium ions, the situation is different. Here, the electric forces and the forces of diffusion are directed in the same direction, and their actions add up. Therefore, the difference in the electrochemical potentials of sodium is greater than that of potassium.

An ion pump that pumps out ions must do a certain amount of work. And it needs energy to work. Where does it come from?

The source of this energy is already familiar to us ATP. Energy is released from it with the participation of the enzyme transport ATPase (adenosintridnosphatase); interestingly, the activity of the enzyme is increased in the presence of sodium and potassium ions, which is why it is called "sodium and potassium dependent ATPase". This ATPase breaks down ATP by preliminary phosphorylation, which is stimulated by intracellular sodium ions, and subsequent dephosphorylation in the presence of extracellular potassium ions. This is exactly the way sodium ions move in the direction where there are more of them, i.e., against the force that seeks to equalize their concentration. So simple and wise is the pump that pumps out sodium ions.

How do nerve impulses work? The nerve impulse enters the nerve fiber at the excited node of Ranvier and exits through the unexcited node. If the outgoing current exceeds a certain minimum (threshold) value, then the intercept is excited and sends a new electrical impulse along the fiber. Thus, intercepts of Ranvier are generators of electric current impulses. They play the role of intermediate amplifying stations. Each subsequent generator is excited by a current pulse that propagates from the previous intercept, and sends a new pulse further.

Interceptions of Ranvier significantly accelerate the propagation of nerve impulses. In the same nerve fibers that do not have a myelin sheath, the propagation of a nerve impulse is slower due to the high resistance to electric current.

From all that has been said above, it is clear that the driving forces of the nerve electrical impulse are provided by the difference in ion concentrations. Electric current is generated by selective and sequential changes in the permeability of the membrane for sodium and potassium ions, as well as due to energy processes.

Let's note one more circumstance. Cells are excited only in an environment in which calcium ions are present. The magnitude of the nerve electrical impulse and especially the magnitude of the pore passage in the membrane depends on the concentration of calcium ions. The less calcium ions, the lower the excitation threshold. And when there is very little calcium in the environment surrounding the cell, the generation of electrical impulses begins to be caused by insignificant changes in the voltage on the membrane, which can occur as a result of thermal noise. This, of course, cannot be considered normal.

If calcium ions are completely removed from the solution, then the ability of the nerve fiber to excite is lost. At the same time, the concentration of potassium does not change. Therefore, calcium ions provide the membrane with selective permeability for sodium ions and potassium ions. Perhaps this happens in such a way that calcium ions close the pores for sodium ions. In this case, small potassium ions pass through other pores or penetrate near calcium ions (between the “gate leaves”). The higher the calcium concentration, the more sodium-closed pores and the higher the excitation threshold.

Let's continue with the nervous system. It consists of the autonomic division, which is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic, and somatic. The latter is subdivided into peripheral (nerve receptors and nerves) and central (brain and spinal cord).

The brain is anatomically divided into five sections: the forebrain with the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, midbrain, cerebellum and medulla oblongata with pons varolii.

The most important part of the central nervous system is the forebrain with the cerebral hemispheres. The layer of gray matter covering the hemispheres of the brain consists of cells and forms the cortex - the most complex and perfect part of the brain.

In the thickness of the brain there are also clusters of nerve cells called subcortical centers. Their activity is connected with individual functions of our body. The white matter of the brain tissue consists of a dense network of nerve fibers that unite and connect various centers, as well as of nerve pathways that exit and enter the cells of the cortex. The cerebral cortex forms deep furrows and bizarre convolutions. Each hemisphere is divided into sections called lobes - frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal.

The cerebral cortex is connected by nerve pathways with all the underlying parts of the central nervous system, and through them with all organs of the body. Impulses coming from the periphery reach one or another point of the cerebral cortex. In the cortex there is an assessment of information coming from the periphery along various paths, their comparison with previous experience, a decision is made, actions are dictated.

The cerebral cortex plays a major role in the perception and awareness of pain. It is in the cortex that the sensation of pain is formed.

All organs and tissues, even individual cells of a living organism, are equipped with special apparatuses that perceive irritations coming from both the external and internal environment. They are called receptors and are distinguished by a wide variety of devices, which reflects the diversity of their functions. The stimuli perceived by them are transmitted along sensitive (afferent) conductors as part of the somatic nerves and posterior roots to the spinal cord, which is the main cable of the body. Along the ascending pathways of the spinal cord, nervous excitation enters the brain, and along the descending pathways, commands to the periphery follow. The motor (efferent) nerve conductors, as a rule, reach the organs as part of the same somatic nerves along which the sensory conductors go. In the interior of the spinal cord are numerous clusters of nerve cell bodies that form a butterfly-like (in cross section) gray matter. Around it are the rays and cords, which make up a powerful system of ascending and descending pathways.

In addition to the somatic nerves, effector pathways (i.e., conducting directions from the center to the periphery) run along the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. At the same time, sympathetic nerve cells, the axons of which form these nerves, are grouped in sympathetic ganglia, or nodes, located along the spine on both sides in the form of chains. Parasympathetic neurons form nodes already in the organs they innervate or close to them (intestine, heart, etc.) and are called intramural. It is well known that the activity of one or another internal organ from the state of the brain. During excitement and at the mere recollection of something pleasant or unpleasant, the heart beats differently, breathing changes. Strong or repetitive excitement can cause indigestion, pain, etc.

An important step in the development of the concept of the role of subcortical structures in the regulation of behavior and other functions was the discovery of the physiological properties of the reticular formation of the brain. Thanks to this system, the main information center of the brain - the visual tubercle, or thalamus - is connected with all other departments and with the cerebral cortex. The thalamus is the most massive and complex subcortical formation of the cerebral hemispheres, where many impulses enter. Here they seem to be filtered, and only a small part of them enters the cortex. The thalamus itself gives an answer to most impulses, and often through the centers located under it, called the hypothalamus, or hypothalamus.

In the hypothalamus, this small area of ​​the brain, more than 150 nerve nuclei are concentrated, which have numerous connections both with the cerebral cortex and with other parts of the brain. This allows the hypothalamus to play a key role in regulating basic life processes and maintaining homeostasis.

In the hypothalamus, nerve impulses are switched to endocrine-humoral mechanisms of regulation; this is how the close connection between nervous and endocrine-humoral regulation is manifested. Here there are modified nerve cells that produce neurosecretion. They differ in particular large sizes compared to normal neurons. Neurosecrete enters the small blood capillaries and then through the system of portal veins to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Changes in physicochemical processes in cells can affect various forms activity of the whole organism, especially if these changes affect the structures related to the regulation of the function of the whole organism.

From the above very brief consideration of the structure and functioning of the human body from an electrical point of view, it can be seen that the main processes in the human body are associated with electrical (biological) currents, electrically charged positive and negative ions. The nervous system controls almost all processes in the human body. And it is a system of electric currents, electric potentials, electric charges. After such an analysis, it becomes obvious that the human body cannot but be influenced by an external magnetic field and electromagnetic radiation in general.

We have considered only general aspects of the impact of a magnetic field on a person. Not all of them are currently studied equally fully. There is a large specialized literature on this subject, and those who are interested can refer to it. Many books and even more scientific articles have been written both about space and about its influence on man, which are not always available to a wide readership.

As we began writing this book, we had several goals in mind. The main one is to show once again that everything in nature is interconnected. Almost any action affects all parts of our universe, only the degree of this influence is different. We are in our Everyday life, as a rule, we take into account only a very limited set of factors acting on it. This is atmospheric pressure, air temperature, sometimes also the presence of stressful situations. Few of us associate our condition with the fact that a global magnetic storm is taking place, that a chromospheric flare on the Sun occurred two or three days ago, that colossal electric currents are flowing above us, etc. At present, various medical scientific centers have already accumulated a huge amount of material showing that the state of our health is highly dependent on cosmic factors. Periods that are unfavorable for us can be predicted and at this time appropriate measures can be taken to protect ourselves from their influence. What are these measures? Of course, they are different for different patients, but their essence is to help a person endure the hardships associated with bad space weather.

Forecasts of solar and geomagnetic storms are currently made in different countries of the world, and they are successfully used in solving various issues related to the state of the ionosphere and near-Earth space, in particular, issues related to the propagation of radio waves. There are forecasts of various lead times - long-term and short-term. Those and others are sent to interested organizations, while operational telegraph communications are widely used. In the near future, based on these forecasts, medical forecasts will be compiled, from which it will follow what changes in health can be expected as a result of solar storms. The medical forecast will be promptly communicated to everyone, including local doctors. They are designed to help their patients endure the consequences of magnetic storms with minimal trouble.

But for this, much more needs to be done. First of all, imagine the problem well. And this will be helped by a book that gives a picture of the physical processes in space and their impact on health.

Activator "To your health!" is capable of very effectively, simply and painlessly for a person to transfer the necessary negative charge to the surface of the body. Any disease is accompanied by either a lack of negative ions and/or an excess of positively charged particles. Confirmation of how important the electrical state of a person is, you will learn from the following article by Academician A. A. Mikulin "Is a person charged with electricity?":

According to the latest research, the globe is negatively charged, that is, with an excess of free electric charges, about 0.6 million coulombs. This is a very big charge.

Repelling each other by the Coulomb forces, the electrons tend to accumulate on the surface of the globe. At a great distance from the earth, covering it from all sides, is the ionosphere, consisting of a large number positively charged ions. There is an electric field between the earth and the ionosphere.

With a clear sky at a distance of a meter from the ground, the potential difference reaches approximately 125 volts. Therefore, we have the right to assert that the electrons, which, under the action of the field, tend to escape from the surface of the earth, penetrated into the bare feet and electrically conductive ends of the nerves of the muscles of primitive man, who walked the earth barefoot and did not wear boots with electrically impervious artificial soles. This penetration of electrons continued only until the total free negative charge of a person reached the charge potential on the area of ​​the earth's surface where he was.

Under the action of the field, the charges that had penetrated into the human body tended to break out, where they were captured, recombined, by positively charged ions of the atmosphere that were in direct contact with the open skin of the head and hands. The human body, its living cells and all the functional dependencies of metabolism have been adapted by nature for millions of years to healthy life man in near-Earth conditions electric field and electro exchange, expressed, in particular, in the inflow of electrons into the feet and outflow, recombination, of electrons into positively charged ions of the atmosphere.

Now we must ask ourselves a few questions. Could human muscles carry a positive electrical charge? No, they couldn't, because the electrons from the earth's surface would immediately neutralize them.

Could muscles not have any charge? No, they couldn't, because the earth's electrons would charge them. From here we will try to draw the first and most important conclusion: the muscles of animals and humans in contact with the earth were arranged by nature in such a way that they had to carry a negative electric charge corresponding to the magnitude of the charge of the earth's surface on which the living being was in this moment.

The magnitude of the negative charge of the human body should vary depending on the strength of the electric field at a given point on the earth at a given moment. Even in fish, the head carries a positive charge, and the muscles of the body carry a negative charge.

There are many reasons for changing the electric field strength. One of the main ones is cloudiness, which carries the strongest local electric charges. They reach tens of millions of yults at the moment of lightning formation. In a living organism, on the surface of the skin, the intensity of electric charges sometimes reaches such a value that sparks appear when they come into contact with metal, when removing nylon underwear.

According to the experiments carried out by the author, physical work is accompanied by a decrease in the charge of the muscle cells involved in it. Recharging occurs due to the conversion of the energy of chemical-oxidative reactions with high efficiency into electrical positive and negative energy, that is, nature has already solved the problem of the chemical element, which scientists and engineers are working on.

Consequently, the life of the cell and the metabolism in it is accompanied by continuous electrogenesis (exchange). The younger and healthier the creature, the more intense and less electrical exchange. If the uninterrupted electrogenesis is interrupted, for example, if a nerve is cut, then the muscle, as you know, gradually dies and "dries up", despite the continued blood circulation.

The latest observations by employees of the Institute of Public and Communal Hygiene have shown that when the weather changes, the well-being of a sick person depends on the magnitude of the local field strength of the earth, as well as on changes in barometric pressure, in most cases accompanying a change in field strength. But since in everyday life we ​​do not have instruments for measuring the magnitude of the earth's field voltage, we explain the state of health not by the main cause - a change in the field strength, but by the consequence - a drop in barometric pressure.

Wet earth ions

Flora reacts to electric charges in the same way as fauna. The latest research has shown that electrons with negatively charged nones of moist earth penetrate the roots of all plants and, by osmotic forces and electric field forces, rise with nutrient juices to the leaves of trees located even at a height of more than 50 meters above the ground, from where they break into the atmosphere. Photographs of electrical radiation from the tips of the leaves have been published.

Data were given on changes in the structure of plant cells during a thunderstorm, that is, during a strong change in the electric field voltage. It would be a big mistake to assume that in living human cells during a thunderstorm and after explosions in the sun there are no similar changes that ultimately affect the health, well-being and even life of a person. Unfortunately, science has not yet fully deciphered these phenomena, although modern research has not only confirmed the influence of the electric field and cosmic rays on the behavior of living beings, but also made it possible to invent methods of treatment serious illnesses electric fields.

At the Institute of Plant Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Biological Sciences E. Zhurbitsky set up a series of experiments to study the effect of an electric field on plants. Increasing the field to a known value accelerates growth. Placing plants in an unnatural field - at the top is a negative belt, and in the ground is positive - growth is depressing. Zhurbitsky believes that the greater the potential difference between seedlings and the atmosphere, the more intense photosynthesis proceeds. In greenhouses, the yield can be increased by 20-30%. A number of scientific institutions deal with the influence of electricity on plants: the Central Genetic Laboratory named after I.V. Michurin, employees of the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University, etc.

Electricity and human grounding

What changes in a person's life caused his departure from the natural primitive being? Man put on boots, built houses, invented non-conductive linoleum, rubber soles, filled city streets and roads with asphalt. Man today is much less in contact with the electric charges of the earth.

This is one of the reasons for such "common" diseases as headaches, irritability, neuroses, cardiovascular diseases, fatigue, bad dream etc.

In the past, zemstvo doctors prescribed barefoot walks in the dew for the sick. In England, several "sandal" societies are still functioning. This treatment cannot be called anything other than "grounding the patient's body."

Why don't we also try the "grounding" method to get rid of the annoying ailments listed above? The very first experiments carried out by me (they were published in 1958 in No. 6 of the journal " Sport life Russia") showed that even the simplest electrical devices are capable of registering the appearance in a person isolated from the earth of harmful, positive electric charges that arise in the process of his work and in everyday life.

So, for example, if a person, lying down in bed, pulled a blanket over himself, then, according to the experiments of M.A. Ostryakov, he is charged with a harmful, unnatural static positive charge with a voltage of about 600-700 volts. When walking on a floor covered with linoleum, positive charges reach thousands of volts. Other people are so charged with harmful positive electricity that it is dangerous to greet them with a negative charge, as sparks burn their hands.

In the journal "Knowledge is Power" a few years ago, an article was published "What hinders drivers." It told about an experiment that found that a car driver, fenced off from the electrons and the electric field of the earth by metal screens of the body and rubber tires, got tired twice as fast as when exposed to the earth's field. I believe that grounding elements should have a positive effect on labor productivity. To do this, you need to arrange grounding floors, beds, create conductive soles for shoes.

Experiments have shown that any mental or physical work performed by a person who is isolated from the earth is accompanied by a decrease in his negative natural charge. However, none of the described changes in electrical potential is observed or measured even by the most accurate instruments, if the human body is in contact with the ground or is connected to the ground by a conductor. The lack of electrons is immediately eliminated. On any oscilloscope, it is easy to notice these currents and determine their magnitude.

The figures show the aueral fields that surround a person. On the top - aueral electric field, which arises due to the biopotentials of the contracting muscles of the hand. (Registered in the laboratory of physiological cybernetics of the Leningrad State University. The picture is not an exact reflection of the field, but is a sketch obtained using modeling methods).

On the middle - a full grid of the electrical field of the heart. The numbers indicate the potentials in millivolts relative to the ground at the moment of maximum development of the auercardiogram wave. The person stands on a conductive surface. Frontal sketch of the field. The diagram was taken in the laboratory of physiological cybernetics of the Leningrad State University under the guidance of prof. P. I. Gulyaeva). On the bottom - a diagram of the installation for the aural system for recording electric fields.

Mikulin A. A. Active longevity (my system of dealing with old age) - M .: Physical culture and sport. 1977, (reissued in 2006).

It so happened historically that our country is inhabited by people who are more connected with working professions than with any other. In turn, a significant number of these very professions are directly related to. However, there is a potential threat to human health. Although this danger can lie in wait for a person in the home. Passing through the human body, the electric current affects it in several aspects: thermal, electrolytic and biological.

thermal exposure can cause burns to various parts of the body, heating blood vessels. The consequences may be certain functional disorders of the human body. biological the impact, as a rule, manifests itself through irritability and excitability of living tissues of the body. At the same time, the muscles (including the heart) convulsively contract, sometimes the work of the respiratory and circulatory organs stops. not excluded mechanical damage fabrics. electrolytic exposure can cause a change in both the physicochemical composition of the blood and the tissue as a whole.

But, with all of the above, there are unique people on our planet who can withstand powerful shocks of electricity. There are very few of them. Often, to express admiration for such unique "species", they are called supermen, demigods, and others. beautiful words. Many question the hypotheses of those who claim that this is a unique gift. What if this strange opportunity disappears at the very moment when the owner of the gift wants to show his skills again.

Electric people in history

Phenomena of this kind have been familiar to mankind at all times, but only when the theory of electricity, electrostatic machines, lightning rods and the Leyden jar appeared, did things of this kind begin to attach greater importance.

The case is quite widely known when in France in 1869 a child was born who emitted a strong static charge of electricity. The mother of the baby suffered most of all from this, who, intending to change diapers, immediately received a powerful electric shock. Even more serious test for her was feeding the baby. At the same time, the child himself felt great. Some eyewitnesses enthusiastically said that small lightning came from the fingers of a newborn, and there was fresh ozone air around. The toys that the baby tried to play with sometimes moved by themselves, as soon as he reached out to them. But this story has a sad ending. Having reached the age of eight months, the boy died.

In Canada, another serene case was recorded, which happened to an adult girl. Everyone who wanted closer communication with this young woman was immediately rewarded with an electric shock. An interesting fact is that the girl could attract various kinds of objects, even those that were large in size and made of.

Approximately in the same years, a case was known when a 29-year-old resident of Paris had a similar dubious “gift”. Something depressing was happening to her, her underwear was so close to her body that sometimes it was unrealistic to remove it from herself without damaging the skin. So the sparks from the hair and the attraction of the object against this background will seem like an absurd mess.

The beginning of research on electro people

One of the first scientists who decided to understand such phenomena was Francois Arago. The impetus was the case of the Parisian Angelique Cohen, about whom there were rumors that she moved furniture with a light touch of her hand. Sometimes electric currents created problems for the girl herself, while the pulse rate increased sharply and the girl fought in convulsive seizures. But as soon as Angelina touched a tree or lowered her hands into running water, everything fell into place that hour.

Making a report on the work done, the scientist, without shame, made a statement that science is not strong enough to give a reasonable explanation for such facts. Yes, what can I say, even in our time it is difficult to find a logical interpretation of the unique human capabilities.

Modern carriers of electricity

One of the residents of the UK, Nicky Hyde-Pally, quite unexpectedly felt new opportunities in herself, she simply turned into a machine that produces electricity. The British woman received these unique abilities after she was struck by lightning. The discharge that hit the woman turned her into a real monster, which affected not only objects, but also living beings with its electric discharges. All Appliances, which was in the same room with Nicky, immediately became a pile of absolutely unnecessary garbage. This so-called gift, sent from above, had very serious consequences for the woman. Her husband left her, who did not endure the painful electric shocks that his wife inflicted on him, while not wanting it herself. Thus, Niki became a prisoner. Not wanting to harm others, she rarely left the confines of her home.

Among the heaps of similar interesting cases, one can single out the story of a pensioner from Ukraine. This man managed to endure a voltage of 850 volts without much pain. Moreover, after that he did not experience any health problems.

In one of the provinces of China (Heilongjiang) there lives a man who has a phenomenal gift. He is completely immune to electrical shocks. He easily manages to light a light bulb with a light touch of his palm, while holding his hand on the wires under voltage of 220 volts.

When the electric current passes through his body, Ma Xiangang does not experience any discomfort, joking that in this way he receives a charge of vivacity.

Chinese TV channels even made a series of reports about this unique person. They say that he discovered his extraordinary abilities many years ago. One day, Ma's TV broke. Trying to subdue him, he grabbed the bare wires. The line was energized, but this did not have any effect on Xiangang. Deciding to test his abilities, he independently arranged several experiments on himself. Every time Ma grabbed the wires, he didn't feel any electric shocks.

Thus, he attracted the interest of scientists to his modest person.

After examining Ma, a council of scientists came to the conclusion that the skin on his palms is the explanation for everything. As it turned out, it is drier and rougher than ordinary person which increases the resistance.

A resident of Ingushetia, Lecha Vataev, who has the supernatural abilities of the body, also does not succumb to the effects of electric current. "Wonder Man" works without problems with bare electrical wires.

Now Lecha Vataev is trying to discover in himself the ability to treat people from many diseases with the amazing abilities of his body, or rather, the biocurrents emanating from it. He develops his gift further, experiments on his body.

Science is helpless

It is no secret to anyone that any electrical processes are constantly taking place in the human body. In addition, the successful functioning of the human body depends on whether they occur or not. This refers to the movement of electric current through the blood vessels, along the nerves, along the surface of the skin. Surely you have heard about such diagnostic methods as electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG), which are used to diagnose the work of the heart and brain. The basis of these processes is the determination of the quality of electrical impulses.

Inside the human body there are certain channels or, as they are also called, meridians, in which electrical activity is also recorded. But the voltage and current are so small that ultra-sensitive devices are required to fix them.

In wildlife, besides humans, there are other living organisms that can generate and accumulate powerful charges of electricity in themselves (such an example would be a stingray).

Modern science says that the accumulation of electricity by a person is impossible, moreover, it is deadly for his body.

Electricity inside our body. Why does the human body need electricity

Are there electrical impulses in our body?

A person can function as a living organism only due to the presence of
mechanisms that provide "electric current" in our
body. Our nervous system is built in such a way that without electricity
it won't function. It is no coincidence that neurologists always check the patient
for pain sensitivity. If it is violated - this is a failure signal
in the work of the brain.

Fish oil protects nerve fibers

Our nerves are identical in structure electrical wires. myelin
sheath insulates our nerves from each other. To strengthen this shell
you need to feed yourself with the substances that form this shell. This -
Omega-3 fatty acids, and most of them are found in fish oils. In order to
to protect your nerves, you need to take 2000 milligrams of fish oil per day
fat.

A violation of the electrical conduction of the heart causes arrhythmia

Electricity is responsible for the rhythmic contraction of the heart. There is a main
the pacemaker, which is called the sinus node, it sets the rhythm of the contraction
hearts. The electrical impulse then travels through the conduction system of the atrium.
and reaches the aterbiticular node, it is this node that is the pass
impulse between the atrium and ventricle. After - the impulse is conducted
to the ventricle, and the ventricle contracts and ejects blood into a large or
small circle of blood circulation.

There are situations when our main pacemaker stops working (conductive
the system ages) and the ability to pulse decreases. Then the heart
begins to work chaotically - atrial fibrillation develops. Most
terrible: foci of excitation may appear in the ventricles, this represents
deadly threat.

The pacemaker normalizes heart rhythms

Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disorder in humans.
in the 21st century. This is due to the fact that the population of the planet. But now in medicine
there is an artificial pacemaker. It looks like this: inserted through a vein
electrode into the atrium and ventricle, the pacemaker sets the rhythm, impulse
is fed into the atrium - the atrium contracts, then the impulse is given
into the ventricle and the stomach contracts.

Flour and sweet impair bowel function

Electricity creates peristalsis. Peristaltic wave pushes out
food, promotes it. If there is no intestinal motility, constipation occurs, which
often leads to toxicity. To support bowel function
necessary proper nutrition. Flour should be excluded from consumption
and sweet: sausages, cheese and bread including. This food is completely absorbed
and does not force the intestines to promote food.