Lifeboat boat. Re-equipment of a serial boat. Onboard rescue boats of Project 00026 Lifeboat

Speedboat Konan 650P. Rescue boat projects 00373 00026 00036. Pleasure boat Crimea 4P. Working boat RShPM 5.5. Pleasure rowing boat Bychok 2. Service boat Crimea 338. Pleasure boat Crimeanka

Detailed description:

Speedboat Konan 650P. Project 50472 crew boat "Konan-650P" is designed for rapid response in emergency situations at sea, to ensure maritime laws in coastal waters, rescue operations and port security. It can be used as a side-mounted boat on ships due to the presence of a single-point cargo and towing hook, which provides the boat with emergency ascent and descent from the side of the vessel while underway. Body material - fiberglass. The boat is unsinkable and, unlike RIBs - boats with inflatable sides of a similar class, does not lose its operational qualities even when receiving hundreds of through bullet holes, because equipped with polyurethane foam buoyancy blocks. When flooded with water, the boat drains itself. Hull weight: 2.8 tons. Speed: 48 knots. Length: 6.5 m. Width: 2.5 m. Capacity: 12 people.

Rescue boat projects 00373 00026 00036. Fiberglass lifeboats are designed for installation on sea vessels of unlimited navigation area. The specified lifeboat designs are permitted for installation on fishing vessels and for replacing similar lifeboats on all types of vessels. Length: 7.62 m. Width: 2.52 m. Capacity: 37 people.

Working boat Crimea 338M. Designed for installation on ships and vessels, as well as for supplying bases and ports as a coastal vessel. Used for transporting goods. Length: 8.7 m. Speed: 7 knots. Capacity: 18 people. Load capacity: 2t

Pleasure boat Crimea 4. The planing hull is made of fiberglass. Reversible steering device from of stainless steel provides high maneuverability and ease of operation. The boat can be configured in various options: open, with a closed cabin, closed with an awning. The boat can navigate shallow water areas up to 0.5 m. Range at fully loaded and excitement 1 point - about 200 km. Body weight: 950 kg Speed: 45 km/h. Capacity: 5 people

Pleasure boat Crimea 4P. A high-speed boat with an outboard engine is convenient both for servicing water sports events and entertainment, for travel and recreation on the water, and for service purposes on rivers, lakes and the coastal strip of the seas. The planing type hull is made of fiberglass. It has an open awning with extensive glazing. There are 2 in the cockpit soft chairs and an aft sofa for 3 people. On the transom, on the left side, there is a ladder with handrails for exiting the water onto the deck. The boat's fuel tank has a volume of 100 liters. When completely filled with water, the boat with the engine floats on an even keel. Body weight: 650 kg
Speed: up to 70 km/h. Capacity: 5 people

Working boat RShPM 5.5. Designed to equip sea vessels with unlimited navigation area. Used on rivers and lakes, in the coastal zone of the seas for transporting goods, people and fishing. Length: 6.1 m. Speed: 6 knots. Capacity: 8 people Load capacity: 1300 kg.

Rescue rescue boat project 50471. Length: 4.5 m. Capacity: 6 people. Displacement: 0.9 t.

Pleasure rowing boat Bychok 2. Installation of an 8 hp outboard motor is provided. The boat hull is made of fiberglass. Length: 3.80 m.
Width: 1.50 m. Side height amidships: 0.50 m. Capacity: 3 people. Weight: 64 kg.

Speedboat Konan 650R 700. These proposals are based on what was actually created, tested and transferred in April 2009. to the customer of two Konon-650P boats of project 50472. If necessary, the bow deck is equipped with a device for installing a machine gun. The boat is unsinkable and does not lose its performance even when receiving hundreds of through bullet holes, as it is equipped with polyurethane foam buoyancy blocks. When flooded with water, the boat drains itself through two automatic stern scuppers. It features a soft, shock-free ride in rough seas and is capable of maintaining high speed in three-point seas. Konan 650R is equipped with a bow and stern foundation for installing 2 machine guns with a caliber of up to 12.7 mm. The helmsman's position has armored fencing and bulletproof glass. System automatic control transom plates stabilize the boat's roll during sharp turns, as well as in rough seas, thereby increasing shooting efficiency. Hull weight: 1.5 tons. Speed: 45 knots. Length: 6.5 m. Width: 2.5 m. Capacity: 15 people.

Service and traveling boat Crimea 338. The boat "CRIMEA-338" is intended for service and traveling purposes, as well as for walks in inland waters and coastal navigation. Can be used for light diving work with scuba gear.

Pleasure boat Crimean. Designed for recreation on the water with fishing, tourism, business purposes and others

The hull of the yacht, its contours, keel lines, decks, style of deckhouse and cockpit, as well as weapons - this classic design wooden shipbuilding, which has existed for hundreds of years, has its fans all over the world. Boats of this type will always be in fashion, and their success in countries with long maritime traditions is not accidental. Such boats are very seaworthy and reliable in difficult sea conditions. In addition, they are extraordinarily beautiful. The boat's motion is easy and calm, without much wave formation, thanks to the long waterline (7.4m), moderate beam and good distribution of displacement along the length, there is no tendency to broach.
Vessel's armament - gaff cutter (tender). Gaff because it carries a mainsail with an upper luff on a gaff, and cutter (from the English cut - to divide) means a boat with a fractional rig with two stays and two headsails. The cutters have a fairly large total sail area and therefore are divided between three sails, which requires less effort from the crew when controlling them. Another name for this type of boat is tender. The sailing rig consists of a gaff mainsail, staysail, jib and gennaker. This set is easy to adapt to any weather conditions. Almost all sail control occurs from the cockpit if the jib and jib are equipped with furlers. Wooden spar, glued, varnished. The bowsprit can be raised when approaching the pier. A slight increase in the number of rigging compared to modern sloops will not be burdensome for true sail enthusiasts. A deeply retractable centerboard (up to a draft of 1.9 meters) improves the quality of the dinghy's ride against the wind, and a solid displacement (up to 4 tons) ensures a stable ride against the oncoming wave.
The yacht's deck is spacious thanks to the large width at the bow and wide (up to 50 cm) footpaths around the deckhouse. A safe, deep cockpit with comfortable coamings and banks in a circle has dimensions of 2.10 x 1.72 meters and is equipped with 4 clew and 2 small halyard winches. Railings, handrails and foot rails ensure the safety of the crew in rough seas. The cockpit banks have large lockers for the skipper's belongings. Of course, modern safety requirements are reflected in the project, and unlike old classic yachts, here the cockpit is self-draining, railings and railings have been added along the entire perimeter of the deck, hatches of a modern waterproof design, and halyards and other gear for controlling the sails and spar are carried into the cockpit, standing rigging made of stainless steel cables and rope turnbuckles are replaced with stainless screw ones.
Round chine body. A hull version with round chine contours and smooth lath lining is possible - a classic of the genre. This technology is advantageous in that with a couple of hours of time, you can prepare and lay 1-2 sheathing strips on the hull. The sheathing can be done either with a longitudinal lath along a transverse set, or a diagonal three-layer laminate along longitudinal stringers resting on bulkheads and frame frames, or instead of a lath, you can use diagonal laminated sheathing made of plywood strips (3 layers of 4 mm each). In any case, the body is then covered with a protective fiberglass skin. .

Collective rescue equipment

Collective ship life-saving appliances are means that can be used by a group of people and must provide reliable and safe rescue when the ship is listing up to 20° on any side and trim is 10°.

Boarding people into life-saving equipment and lowering them into the water in calm conditions should not exceed the following time:

10 minutes - for cargo ships;

30 minutes - for passenger and fishing vessels.

Lifeboats and liferafts should generally be stowed on the same deck, but liferafts may be stowed one deck above or below the deck on which the lifeboats are stowed.

A lifeboat is a boat capable of ensuring the preservation of the lives of people in distress from the moment they leave the ship. It is this purpose that determines all the requirements for the design and supply of lifeboats.

The number of lifeboats on board a ship is determined by the area of ​​navigation, the type of ship and the number of people on board. Cargo ships with an unlimited navigation area are equipped with lifeboats that provide the entire crew on each side (100% + 100% = 200%). Passenger ships are equipped with lifeboats with a capacity of 50% of passengers and crew on each side (50% + 50% = 100%).

Rice. Lifeboats closed and open types

All lifeboats must:

Have good stability and buoyancy reserve even when filled with water, high maneuverability;

Ensure reliable self-righting to an even keel when capsizing;

Have a mechanical engine with remote control from the cabin; be painted orange.

The lifeboat must be equipped with a compression ignition internal combustion engine:

The engine must run for at least 5 minutes from start-up in a cold state when the boat is out of the water;

Boat speed in calm water complete set people and supplies must be at least 6 nodes;

The fuel supply must be sufficient to run the engine at full speed for 24 hours.

If the ship has partially enclosed lifeboats, their davits must be equipped with a toprik with at least two life pins attached to it.

The boat's buoyancy reserve is provided by air boxes - sealed compartments filled with air or foam, the volume of which is determined taking into account that the heads of people sitting in the boat are above the surface of the water, even if the boat is completely flooded.

Information about the capacity of the boat, as well as its main dimensions, is applied to its sides in the bow with indelible paint, the name of the vessel, home port (in Latin letters) and the ship's number of the boat are also indicated there. The markings to identify the vessel to which the boat belongs and its number must be visible from above.

Strips of reflective material are glued along the perimeter of the boat, under the fender and on the deck. In the bow and stern parts, crosses made of reflective material are placed on the upper part of the closure.

Rice. Lifeboat markings

An electric light bulb is installed inside the boat. A battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours. A warning light with a manual switch is installed on the top of the closure, giving a constant or flashing (50-70 flashes per minute) light white. A battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours.

Lifeboats for oil tankers have a fire-resistant design, are equipped with a spray system that provides passage through continuously burning oil for 8 minutes, and a compressed air system that ensures the safety of people and the operation of engines for 10 minutes. The hulls of the boats are made of double hulls, they must have high strength, the deckhouse must provide all-round visibility, and the portholes must be made of fire-resistant glass.

To ensure the use of the boat by unqualified people (for example, passengers), instructions for starting and operating the engine must be provided in a clearly visible place near the engine controls, and the controls must be marked accordingly.

Weekly All lifeboats and liferafts, rescue boats and launching appliances are visually inspected to ensure they are always ready for use. The engines of all lifeboats and rescue boats must run for at least 3 minutes. Lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall boats, must be moved from their installation sites. The results of the inspection are recorded in the ship's log.

Monthly All lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall lifeboats, fall out of their installation positions without people in the lifeboat. Supplies are checked to ensure they are complete and in good condition.

Each lifeboat, with the exception of free-fall boats, is launched and then maneuvered on the water with a designated control team at least once every 3 months.

Launching the boat. Boats being launched by mechanical means, are installed horizontally on both sides of the vessel. A davit is a device designed to store a boat, having beams that tilt over the side, used when lowering and raising the boat.

Rice. Securing a lifeboat on board a ship

In the stowed position, the boats are installed on davits; for this purpose, the latter have one-sided keel blocks on which the boat rests. To ensure a tighter fit of the boat to the keel blocks, the latter are equipped with a felt cushion covered with canvas. The boat is secured with lashings, which must be released before launching.

Before lowering the boat you must first:

Deliver to the boat the equipment and supplies necessary for survival after abandoning the ship: a portable VHF radio station and a radar transponder, warm clothes, additional food and water, additional supplies pyrotechnics alarms;

Remove the landing deck railing; prepare a storm ladder; give away the lashings; give away the davit stoppers.

The lifeboat must be equipped drain valve which is installed at the bottom of the boat for releasing water. The valve opens automatically when the boat is out of the water and automatically closes when the boat is afloat. When preparing the boat for launching, the valve must be closed with a cap or plug.

The boat falls out only under the influence of gravity and is carried out using boat hoists. Before starting the descent, the stopper on the davits is released and the hoist lever is smoothly released, for which the brake of the boat winch is gradually released. Uniform lifting of the bow and stern hoists is achieved by the fact that both lopars are attached to the drum of one boat winch. After the davit reaches its limit position, the vertical descent of the boat into the water begins.

Lopars are steel cables attached to the boat at its ends and carried to a winch, intended for lowering and raising the boat. Lopars must be periodically tested

In order to exclude the possibility of lowering the boat until it falls completely overboard, the davit has a horn on which the shackle of the movable davit block is hung. The length and shape of the horn are chosen in such a way that the movable block falls from it only at the lower limit position of the davit.

The lowering of a boat on hoists can be controlled both from the deck of the ship and from the boat. This allows, under favorable weather conditions, not to leave a descent support team on board.

Rice. Launching the lifeboat Fig. Boat winch

After lowering the boat, the lower blocks of davits are laid out on the water. It is very important, especially during waves, to lay out both blocks at the same time. For this purpose, the boats have hinged hooks with a common drive. In this case, the simultaneous release of both hooks is carried out by turning the drive handle.

People are boarded using storm ladders. While underway and in rough seas, boats are usually lowered with people. In this case, people are boarded either in a boat mounted on keel blocks, or after lowering the boat to the deck level from which it is most convenient to land.

Rice. Boarding the crew and lowering the boat

Each boat in the area where it is installed has a landing ladder, the strings of which are made of Manila cable with a thickness of at least 65 mm, and the balusters are made of hard rocks wood measuring 480x115x25 mm. The upper end of the ladder must be fixed in its normal place (under the boat), and the storm ladder itself must be rolled up, always ready for use.

After the last person has moved from the ship to the boat, the painters are released (at as a last resort- are cut with axes located at the ends of the boat), and the boat departs from the ship. It is recommended to preserve the falini, because they may still be needed.

Boat supplies. Each lifeboat must be equipped in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention SOLAS-74, including:

On rowing boats there is one floating oar per rower, plus two spare and one steering oar, on motor boats there are four oars with oarlocks attached to the boat hull with pins (chains); two release hooks;

A floating anchor with a cable equal to three times the length of the boat and a guy attached to the top of the anchor cone; two painters no less than 15 meters long;

Two axes, one at each end of the boat for cutting painters when leaving the ship;

Food ration and supply of drinking water 3 liters per person; a stainless steel ladle with a rod and a stainless steel graduated vessel; fishing equipment;

Signaling equipment: four red parachute flares, six red flares, two smoke bombs, an electric flashlight with a waterproof Morse code signaling device (with a set of spare batteries and a spare light bulb), one signal mirror - heliograph- with instructions for its use, a signal whistle or equivalent signaling device, tables of rescue signals;

A spotlight capable of continuous operation for 3 hours;

First aid kit, 6 seasickness tablets and one hygiene bag per person;

A folding knife attached by a pin to the boat, and three can openers;

Manual drainage pump, two buckets and a ladle;

Fire extinguisher for extinguishing burning oil;

Set of spare parts and tools for the engine;

Radar reflector or SART;

Binnacle with compass;

Personal thermal protective equipment in the amount of 10% of the passenger capacity of the boat (but not less than two).

Rice. Lifeboat inside

Free fall boats. The boat's hull has a more robust design and well-streamlined smooth contours that prevent swipe when the boat enters the water. Since overloads occur when hitting the water, the boat is equipped with special chairs with shock-absorbing pads.

Rice. Free fall boat

Before the boat leaves the ramp, the crew must securely secure themselves with seat belts and a special head restraint. Free fall lifeboats guarantee the safety of people when falling from a height of up to 20 meters.

Free-fall lifeboats are considered the most reliable life-saving means for evacuating people from a sinking ship in any weather conditions.

Duty lifeboat. This is a type of lifeboat designed to rescue people from the water (fallen overboard or found at sea) and to recover lifeboats and rafts.

Rice. Rescue lifeboat

The advantage of a rescue boat is the speed and reliability of launching and re-boarding while underway in light seas. A powerful stationary or outboard motor allows you to quickly examine the area where a person has fallen overboard, lift him and deliver him to the side of the vessel. The rescue boat is capable of performing rescue operations in stormy conditions and with limited visibility. Rescue boats are in constant readiness. The preparation and launching of the boat takes 5 minutes.

The boat provides space for transporting the rescued person in a supine position. The engine power provides a speed of at least 8 knots, and the fuel reserve is enough for 3 hours of full speed. The propeller is protected to prevent injury to people at sea.

Taking into account the wishes of my dacha neighbors - mostly war and labor veterans and their grandchildren, lovers of walking and, most importantly, fishing, I designed this small, lightweight, but quite reliable and safe boat, only 2.6 meters long even when going out into Lake Ladoga. It can comfortably accommodate two adults and a child, which is why I believe that its capacity is “2.5 people.”

Viewing a large number of projects of similar small “fishing” boats, I became convinced that almost everything has been said about this mass “hobby” for a long time, so it is impossible to invent anything new. But I didn’t find anything that I wanted to copy. In the end, we had to take the classic, easy-to-move, flat-bottomed “Dory” as a basis, but make its hull as short as possible. Again, he introduced a classic cheekbone, maintaining a stable width.

The first such boat according to the Briz-26 project was built by L. Mikhailovsky last fall. This is an extraordinary person. Sailor, then radio operator on the icebreaker Krasin. Later - commander of the TU-104 airliner. Since his retirement, he has been living with us on Ladoga. He water skis, sails on a windsurfer and a dinghy, and on a motorboat with two “Whirlwinds”. He is very pleased with the new boat.

Parts Specification:
1 - bottom, plywood 6 mm; 2 - cheekbone, plywood 3 mm; 3 - board, plywood 3 mm; 4 - deck, plywood 6 mm; 5 - transom, plywood 6 mm; 6 - medium can, plywood 6 mm; 7 - bow bank - forepeak roof, 3 mm plywood; 8 - aft bank - afterpeak roof, 3 mm plywood; 9 - nose pad, plywood 6 mm; 10 - feed pad, plywood 6 mm; 11 - pad for oarlocks, plywood 6 mm; 12 - transom trim, 20 mm plywood (package); 13 - nose lining, 3 mm plywood; 14 - rear lining, 3 mm plywood; 15 - stand, plywood 6 mm; 16 - bracket, plywood 3 mm; 17 - lath (flor) 3 pieces each, 20x20; 18 - false keel plate, 20x20 rail, 3 pcs.; 19 - 20x20 rail (on the transom); 20 - 10x10 rail (on deck); 21 - can piping, slats 15x15, 2 pcs.; 22 - rail 15x15; 23 - rack, rail, 15x15; 24 - stiffener, rail 15x15; 25 - rack, rail 15x15; 26 - rail 15x15; 27 - rail 25x15; 28 - longitudinal pattern, board 60 mm thick; 29 - rack, timber 40x40x500; 30 - timber (transverse pattern), 40x40x700, 2 pcs.; 31 - board, 40x80x700; 32 - rack, timber, 40x40; 33 - fender, neoprene.

The Breeze-26 boat does not have frames; the slipway for assembling the hull is very simple. It can be built even in “field” conditions. The body is “folded” from strips of plywood cut to a clean size... for example, ), the parts are pulled together and “stitched” using ties from copper wire. Then the grooves and joints are glued from the inside with a “wet square” - a strip of fiberglass on epoxy resin, and the outside of the body is covered with a layer of fiberglass.

To build a boat, you need to prepare two sheets of waterproof birch aircraft plywood (GOST 102-75) 3-4 mm thick and one and a half sheets 6 mm thick.

Two parts 2 and 3 (cheekbones and sides) are made from strips of plywood glued together. Control lines (CL) are drawn on them and the position of theoretical frames 1-5 is marked. Then, along the lines of the frames from the cable line up and down, the ordinates of the contour lines indicated in the drawing are plotted. Using a flexible strip, contour lines are drawn along the obtained points and the parts are cut off - “contoured”. By repeatedly “cutting” through the plywood with a flat-sharpened nail along a curved strip, you can easily make parts 1, 4, 9, 13, 14.

Where, during the manufacture of a part, you need to draw a radius or cut a part along a radius, you can use a strip as a simple compass. At the required distance, you need to nail two nails to it.

The deck section must be made from separate parts glued together, and the overlay must be immediately glued to it (details 9, 10, 11). Along the theoretical frames, it is necessary to nail short transverse slats (temporarily!), and to attach the side to the deck, nail them exactly according to the markings of the slats (part 20).

I advise you to pre-assemble the lockers of the forepeak (details 7, 13) and afterpeak (details 8, 14). The can for the rower is assembled from children. 6, 15, 23, 22, 21, 16.

After preparing all the parts and assemblies, you can assemble the hull in the keel-down position. Having cut out a longitudinal pattern (detail 28) from a thick board, it is installed on the trestle. On sp. 2 and 4, transverse patterns are cut into it (detail 30). Having laid the bottom on the patterns (detail 1), it is attached to them with nails, the transom is installed and the assembly of the skin begins from the “chine” belt.

Holes are drilled along the edge of the parts to be connected according to the diameter of the copper wire (2-2.5 mm). The holes are drilled in pairs, starting from the midsection in both directions. The distance between the holes is from 50 to 80 mm; their distance from the edge of the part is ~ 5 mm. The wire is twisted with pliers, then flattened, buried in plywood, and all excess is bit off.

Having finished with the “chine” belt, you can begin installing the “side” belt, tightening the plywood with the same copper brackets from the 3rd theoretical frame to the bow and stern.

The deck section is installed on the sides and transom, carefully aligning the lines of the frames. Using glued nails, nail the side to the deck (to part 20) and the transom.

Having cleaned the body from the inside, all connections - grooves and joints - must be covered with a “wet square” (a strip of fiberglass 30-50 mm wide, impregnated epoxy resin). Then the jars prepared in advance are covered. All attached parts around the perimeter are molded to the body lining using a “wet square”.

All that remains is to remove the body from the patterns, turn it over, clean it, file down the edges, and rivet the false ribs along the bottom with resin nails. The body is completely covered with a layer of fiberglass and painted with pentaphthalic enamel.

Along the perimeter of the boat, under the gunwale, I advise you to lace up a fender with a diameter of at least 40-50 mm, made of a light elastic material (for example, foam). Such a fender not only reliably protects the board, but also increases operational safety.

In the event of an accidental roll, the fender enters the water and effectively prevents the boat from capsizing. If the boat is flooded with water, the fender will provide enough buoyancy to keep the crew afloat.

Oarlocks and oars can be bought in a store or made according to any suitable design you like (see, for example, D. Kurbatov’s book “15 ship designs for amateur construction”).

If desired, you can use a 2-horsepower outboard motor: the transom shown in the drawing is designed for this.

Collective ship life-saving appliances are means that can be used by a group of people and must provide reliable and safe rescue when the ship is listing up to 20° on any side and trim is 10°.

Boarding people into life-saving equipment and lowering them into the water in calm conditions should not exceed the following time:

• 10 minutes - for cargo ships;
• 30 minutes - for passenger and fishing vessels.

Lifeboats and liferafts, as a rule, must be stowed on the same deck; liferafts may be stowed one deck above or below the deck on which the lifeboats are installed.

A lifeboat is a boat capable of ensuring the preservation of the lives of people in distress from the moment they leave the ship (Fig. 1). It is this purpose that determines all the requirements for the design and supply of lifeboats.

The number of lifeboats on board a ship is determined by the area of ​​navigation, the type of ship and the number of people on board. Cargo ships with an unlimited navigation area are equipped with lifeboats that provide the entire crew on each side (100% + 100% = 200%). Passenger ships are equipped with lifeboats with a capacity of 50% of passengers and crew on each side (50% + 50% = 100%).

Rice. 1 Lifeboats of closed and open types

All lifeboats must:

• have good stability and buoyancy reserve even when filled with water, high maneuverability;
• ensure reliable self-righting to an even keel when capsizing;
• have a mechanical engine with remote control from the wheelhouse;
• be painted orange.

The lifeboat must be equipped with a compression ignition internal combustion engine:

• the engine must run for at least 5 minutes from start-up in a cold state when the boat is out of the water;
• the speed of the boat in calm water with a full complement of people and equipment must be at least 6 knots;
• The fuel supply must be sufficient to operate the engine full swing in 24 hours.

If the ship has partially enclosed lifeboats, then their lifeboats must be equipped with a toprik with at least two life-saving pendants attached to it.

The boat's buoyancy reserve is provided by air boxes - sealed compartments filled with air or foam, the volume of which is determined taking into account that the heads of people sitting in the boat are above the surface of the water, even if the boat is completely flooded.

Information about the capacity of the boat, as well as its main dimensions, is applied to its sides in the bow with indelible paint (Fig. 2), the name of the vessel, home port (in Latin letters) and the ship's number of the boat are also indicated there. The markings to identify the vessel to which the boat belongs and its number must be visible from above.

Along the perimeter of the boat, under the fender and on the deck, stripes of reflective material are glued. In the bow and stern parts, crosses made of reflective material are placed on the upper part of the closure.

Rice. 2 Lifeboat markings

An electric light bulb is installed inside the boat. A battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours. A signal light with a manual switch is installed on the top of the closure, giving a constant or flashing (50-70 flashes per minute) white light. A battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours.

Lifeboats for oil tankers have a fire-resistant design, are equipped with an irrigation system that ensures passage through continuously burning oil for 8 minutes, and a compressed air system that ensures the safety of people and the operation of engines for 10 minutes. The hulls of the boats are made of double hulls, they must have high strength, the deckhouse must provide all-round visibility, and the portholes must be made of fire-resistant glass.

To ensure the use of the boat by unqualified people (for example, passengers), instructions for starting and operating the engine must be provided in a clearly visible place near the engine controls, and the controls must be marked accordingly.

All lifeboats, rescue boats and launching appliances are visually inspected weekly to ensure they are always ready for use. The engines of all lifeboats and rescue boats must run for at least 3 minutes. Lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall boats, must be moved from their installation sites. The results of the inspection are recorded in the ship's log.

Every month, all lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall boats, fall out of their installation sites without people in the lifeboat. Supplies are checked to ensure they are complete and in good condition.

Each lifeboat, with the exception of free-fall boats, is launched and then maneuvered on the water with a designated control team at least once every 3 months.

In the stowed position, the boats are installed on davits (Fig. 3). The boat rests on one-sided keel blocks, which, to ensure a tighter fit of the boat to the keel blocks, are equipped with felt cushions covered with canvas. The boat is secured with lashings and hooks, which must be released before launching.

Rice. 3 Securing the lifeboat on board the ship

Preparing the boat for launching:

• deliver to the boat the equipment and supplies necessary for survival after abandoning the ship: a portable VHF radio station and a radar transponder (Fig. 4), warm clothes, an additional supply of food and water, an additional supply of pyrotechnic signaling equipment;
• spread the boat painters as far forward and aft as possible and securely fasten them to ship structures (bollards, cleats, etc.);
• remove the landing deck railing;
• prepare a storm ladder;
• give away the lashings;
• give away the davit stoppers.

Rice. 4 Radar transponder (SART) and portable VHF radios

The lifeboat must be equipped with a release valve, which is installed in the lower part of the bottom of the boat to release water. The valve automatically opens when the boat is out of the water, and automatically closes when the boat is afloat. When preparing the boat for launching, the valve must be closed with a cap or plug.

Boarding the boat. Depending on the design of the vessel, boarding the boats is carried out either at their installation sites, or after they are dumped and lowered to the landing deck (Fig. 5).

Boarding a lifeboat is carried out only by order of the commander of the lifeboat or another responsible officer of the command staff. People board the boat, observing the order established by the captain of the boat. First of all, members of the launching team, assigned to assist in boarding the lifeboat and ensuring descent, enter the boat. Then people who need help landing cross: the wounded and sick, children, women, the elderly. The commander of the rescue vehicle takes his place last.

To board, you need to use the bow and stern hatches of the boat. The boat commander directs the placement of people so that their weight is evenly distributed over the entire area of ​​the boat. Those escaping must take their places in the boat, fasten their seat belts and follow the commander’s instructions.

To ensure the boarding of people using a storm ladder, each boat in the area where it is installed has a landing ladder, the strings of which are made of Manila cable with a thickness of at least 65 mm, and the balusters are made of hard wood measuring 480 x 115 x 25 mm. The upper end of the ladder must be secured in its normal place (under the boat), and the storm ladder itself must be rolled up, always ready for use.

Rice. 5 Boarding the crew and lowering the boat

Launching the boat. The boat falls out only under the influence of gravity and is carried out using boat hoists (Fig. 6). By command:

• release the folding parts of the rotating keel blocks (if they are intended for installing the boat in a stowed position) and the lashings holding the boat;
• release the davit stoppers, which protect against accidental lowering of the boat;
• using the hand brake of the boat winch, they move the davits, take the boat overboard and lower it to the level of the landing deck;
• fasten the running ends of the davits' davits, install the pulling device and, with its help, press the boat to the side;
• choose a tight falini and secure them.

Uniform lifting of the bow and stern hoists is achieved by the fact that both loppers are attached to the drum of one boat winch (Fig. 7). The boat should be lowered so that it lands in the depression between the waves. When the boat is on the crest of the wave, you need to separate it from the hoists using the lifting hook control device.

Lopars are steel cables attached to the boat at its ends and passed to a winch, intended for lowering and raising the boat. Lopars must be periodically tested.

In order to exclude the possibility of lowering the boat until it falls completely overboard, the davit has a horn on which the shackle of the movable davit block is hung. The length and shape of the horn are chosen in such a way that the movable block falls from it only at the lower limit position of the dinghy beam.

The lowering of a boat on hoists can be controlled both from the deck of the ship and from the boat. This allows, under favorable weather conditions, not to leave a descent support team on board.

Rice. 6 Lowering the lifeboat: 1 - davit; 2 - Lapp; 3 - dinghies; 4 - painter Rice. 7 Boat winch

The lifeboat release mechanism is a device by which the lifeboat is connected to or released from the landing gear when being lowered or taken on board. It includes a hook block and a drive mechanism (Fig. 8).

Rice. 8 Disconnect devices

The mechanism must provide isolation in two ways: normal (without load) and under load:

• normal - the hooks are released only when the boat is completely on the water, or when there is no load on the hooks, and manual separation of the davit shackle and the hook toe is not required. To prevent disconnection when there is a load on the hooks, a hydrostatic locking device is used (Fig. 9). When the boat is lifted from the water, the device automatically returns to its original position;
• under load (emergency release) - the hooks are released by repeated, deliberate and prolonged actions, which must include the removal or bypassing of safety interlocking devices designed to prevent premature or unintentional release of the hooks. This method of overcoming blocking must have special mechanical protection.

Rice. 9 Lifeboat release mechanism with hydrostatic locking device

The crew members remaining on board the ship are lowered into the boat using a storm ladder, pendants with musings or a net. At this time, the boat is held at the side of the ship by painters.

After all people have boarded, you need to:

• close all hatches from the inside and open the ventilation holes;
• open the fuel tap and start the engine;
• give the falini (as a last resort, they are cut with axes located at the ends of the boat), and the boat departs from the ship. It is recommended to keep the fali-ni, because... they may still be needed.

If lowering some of the life-saving equipment is impossible, the commanders of the lifeboats and rafts will organize the redistribution of people so that the remaining lifeboats and rafts are evenly loaded.

Supply of boats (Fig. 10). Each lifeboat must be equipped in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention SOLAS-74, including:

• on rowing boats there is one floating oar per rower plus two spare and one steering oar, on motor boats there are four oars with oarlocks attached to the boat hull with pins (chains);
• two release hooks;
• a floating anchor with a cable equal to three times the length of the boat and a guy attached to the top of the anchor cone;
• two painters no less than 15 meters long; two axes, one at each end of the boat for cutting painters when leaving the ship;
• food ration and supply of drinking water 3 liters per person;
• a stainless steel ladle with a rod and a stainless steel graduated vessel;
• fishing equipment;
• signaling equipment: four red parachute flares, six red flares, two smoke bombs, an electric flashlight with a device for Morse code signaling in a waterproof design (with a set of spare batteries and a spare light bulb), one signal mirror - a heliograph - with instructions for its use , signal whistle or equivalent signaling device, tables of rescue signals;
• a spotlight capable of continuous operation for 3 hours;
• first aid kit, 6 seasickness tablets and one hygiene bag per person;
• a folding knife attached to the boat by a pin, and three can openers;
• manual drainage pump, two buckets and a ladle;
• fire extinguisher for extinguishing burning oil;
• a set of spare parts and tools for the engine;
• radar reflector or ;
• binnacle with compass;
• individual thermal protective equipment in the amount of 10% of the passenger capacity of the boat (but not less than two).

Rice. 10 Lifeboat inside

Free fall boats (Fig. 11). The boat's hull has a more robust design and well-streamlined, smooth contours that prevent strong impacts when the boat enters the water. Since overloads occur when hitting the water, the boat is equipped with special chairs with shock-absorbing pads.

Rice. 11 Design of a free-fall boat

Before the boat leaves the ramp, the crew must securely secure themselves with seat belts and a special head restraint. Free fall lifeboats guarantee the safety of people when falling from a height of up to 20 meters.

Free-fall lifeboats are considered the most reliable life-saving equipment that ensures the evacuation of people from a sinking ship in any weather conditions.

Rescue lifeboat (Fig. 12). This is a type of lifeboat designed for rescuing people from the water and for collecting lifeboats and rafts.

The advantage of a rescue boat is the speed and reliability of launching and re-boarding while underway in light seas. A powerful stationary or outboard motor provides a speed of at least 8 knots and allows you to quickly examine the area where a person fell overboard, lift him and deliver him to the side of the ship. The rescue boat is capable of performing rescue operations in stormy conditions and with limited visibility. The rescue boats are in constant readiness. The preparation and launching of the boat takes 5 minutes.

The boat provides space for transporting the rescued person in a supine position. The propeller is protected to prevent injury to people at sea.

Rice. 12 Rescue lifeboat

Life rafts

A life raft is a raft capable of ensuring the survival of people in distress from the moment they leave the ship (Fig. 13). Its design must be such as to withstand the influence of the environment afloat for at least 30 days under any hydrometeorological conditions.

Rafts are made with a capacity of at least 6 and usually up to 25 people (rafts with a capacity of up to 150 people can be found on passenger ships). The number of rafts is calculated in such a way that the total capacity of the life rafts available on each side is sufficient to accommodate 150% of the total number of people on board the ship.

Rice. 13 Installation of PSN on board the vessel

On ships where the distance from the bow or stern to the nearest raft exceeds 100 m, an additional raft must be installed. At least 2 vests and 2 wetsuits must be stored nearby, and there must also be landing aids on each side (on high-sided vessels - boarding ladders, on low-sided vessels - rescue pendants with musings).

The total mass of the liferaft, its container and equipment must not exceed 185 kg, unless the liferaft is intended to be launched by an approved launching device or is not required to be carried from side to side.

According to the method of delivery to the water, life rafts are divided into those launched by mechanical means (using rafts) and dropped. Launch rafts are installed mainly on passenger ships, since boarding in them is carried out at deck level, which is a great advantage when rescuing passengers who may find themselves in a wide variety of physical and mental conditions.

Due to their compactness, inflatable rafts (PSN - inflatable life raft) have become the most widespread.

The main elements of a life raft are (Fig. 14):

• buoyancy chamber (provides buoyancy to the raft);
• bottom - a waterproof element that provides insulation from cold water;
• awning is a waterproof element that provides insulation of the space under the awning from heat and cold.

Rice. 14 Inflatable life raft

The buoyancy chamber of an inflatable raft consists of at least two independent compartments, so that if one compartment is damaged, the remaining compartments can provide positive freeboard and keep the regular number of people and supplies afloat. Typically, the compartments are arranged in rings, one above the other, which allows not only to provide sufficient buoyancy, but also to preserve the area to accommodate people if one compartment is damaged.

To ensure the possibility of maintaining working pressure in the compartments, valves are installed for manual pumping with a pump or bellows.

The problem of thermal insulation of the under-awning space is usually solved by installing an awning consisting of two layers of waterproof material with an air gap. The outer color of the awning is orange. To install an awning in inflatable rafts, arch-type supports are made that inflate automatically along with the buoyancy chamber. The height of the awning is made such that a person can be in a sitting position in any part of the space under the awning.

The awning should have:

• at least one viewing window;
• rainwater collection device;
• radar reflector mounting device or SART;
• stripes of white reflective material.

A signal light is installed on the top of the awning, which automatically turns on when the awning is opened. A battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours.

An internal light source with a manual switch is installed inside the raft, capable of continuously operating for at least 12 hours.

A lifeline is attached along the outer perimeter of the raft’s buoyancy chamber to help get to the entrance. A rescue rail is also installed along the inner perimeter to help keep people safe during a storm.

Entrances to life rafts are equipped special devices, helping people climb out of the water into the raft. At least one of the entrances must have a landing platform at water level. Entrances that are not equipped with a landing platform must have boarding ladders, the bottom step of which is at least 0.4 meters below the waterline.

On the bottom of the inflatable raft, pockets filled with water are installed around the perimeter. They are bags hanging down with holes in the top. The holes are made large enough so that within 25 seconds after the raft is in the open state on the water, the pockets are filled to at least 60%.

Pockets serve two functions:

• provide stability, which is especially important during a storm, when the open raft is on the water without people;
• the opened raft has a very large surface windage compared to the submerged part, which leads to strong wind drift. Pockets filled with water significantly reduce the wind drift of the raft.

To inflate the raft, a non-toxic gas cylinder is attached to its bottom, closed with a special launch valve, which opens when the launch line attached to it is pulled. When the start valve opens, gas fills the compartments within 1 - 3 minutes.

The length of the starting line is at least 15 meters. Start line:

• used to open the valve on a gas cylinder;
• used to hold the raft against the side of the ship.

Installation of PSN. On the ship, the PSN (inflatable life raft) is stored in a plastic container consisting of two halves, hermetically connected and secured with bandage tapes (Fig. 15).

The strength of the tapes, or the links connecting the ends of the tape, is calculated against rupture from the internal gas pressure when the raft is inflated.

The container with the raft is installed on a special frame, pressed to it with a lashing, wound on a recoil device.

Rice. 15 Scheme of fastening the PSN to the ship: 1 - lashings; 2 - verb-hack; 3 - starting line; 4 - hydrostat; 5 - weak link; 6 − bandage tape

The launching device of life rafts must ensure the safe launching of the raft with a full complement of people and equipment at a list of up to 20° on any side and a trim of up to 10°.

Installing the raft provides two ways to release the lashings - manual and automatic.

To manually free the raft from the lashing, it is enough to remove the fixing link from the hook. There are devices in which the lashing is released by turning a special handle, as a result the pins holding the root ends of the lashing are pulled out. This device is used when several rafts are placed on one frame one after another. This design provides for both sequential release of rafts and release of all rafts by turning one handle.

To automatically release the raft when the vessel is submerged under water, a hydrostat is activated in the release device - a device that releases lashings at a depth of no more than 4 meters.

According to the principle of operation, hydrostats are of disconnecting type and cutting type.

In the hydrostat cutting type in the initial state, the spring-loaded knife is held by a locking pin fixed to the spring-loaded membrane (Fig. 16). The space above the membrane is hermetically sealed, so when immersed in water, the pressure begins to increase only under the membrane. The stiffness of the spring holding the membrane is calculated so that at a depth of up to 4 meters, external pressure will press the membrane and release the knife. The compressed spring of the knife, after being released, sharply straightens, and the blow of the knife cuts the rope loop holding the lashings.

Rice. 16 Cutting type hydrostat

Disconnecting type hydrostat (Fig. 17). The housings of disconnecting type hydrostats are quite varied, but they all use the mechanical principle of disconnection when a given pressure is reached on the sensing element. The body of this hydrostat is divided by a membrane into two chambers, one of which is sealed, and the second can receive water during immersion.

The release head, to which the lashing is attached, is held from the inside by a locking device mechanically connected to the membrane.

The stiffness of the spring holding the membrane is designed so that under water pressure the detachable hydrostat head will be released, which will lead to the release of the raft from the lashings.

Rice. 17 Design of a disconnecting type hydrostat

When the vessel is submerged, the container with the PSN floats up, and the launch line is pulled out of the container. The connection of the launching line to the vessel is carried out through a weak link. The tensile strength of the weak link is sufficient to pull the launch line out of the container and open the release valve. With further tension, the weak link breaks and the raft is released from its attachment to the side of the ship.

There are designs where the weak link is part of the root end of the starting line itself. The strength of the weak link is too small to hold the raft against the side in conditions of strong wind and seas. Therefore, when releasing manually, the first thing that needs to be done before releasing the lashings is to select a small section of the starting line from the container and securely tie it above the weak link to the structure of the vessel (isolate the weak link). If the launch line is not tied in an area of ​​normal strength, the raft will be torn off and carried away.

The weak link is visually easy to distinguish: it may be a thinner insert in the starting line or a cut in the line.

Launching and boarding life rafts

Brief instructions for bringing the raft into working condition and boarding it are placed on the raft container and near the installation site.

Before boarding an inflatable life raft, the raft commander removes knives, screwdrivers and other piercing and cutting objects from those escaping.

The procedure for launching the PSN into the water and landing in it involves the following actions:

• free the lashings;
• push the raft overboard. For a high-sided vessel, it is not recommended to release the raft when the list is over 15° from the side out of the water. In this case, jumping to the water without touching the side is unlikely, and sliding down a board that has come out of the water and is overgrown with shells can lead to serious injuries;
• pull the starting line out of the container and pull strongly;
• Pull the opened raft to the side and secure the line;
• If the raft is opened with the bottom up, then there are special straps on the bottom of the raft, by holding them with your hands and resting your feet on the edge of the bottom, you can turn the raft over to its normal position. Since the raft has a large windage, before turning it over it must be turned so that it is on the leeward side. In this case, the wind will help turn the raft over;
• move into the raft, trying to get into it dry;
• you can jump onto the raft from a height of up to 4.5 meters if you are sure that there are no people in it;
• you can go down the storm ladder;
• you can go down the rescue pendant with musings;
• you can jump into the water next to the raft, and then climb into the raft;
• help other survivors get into the raft (use a rescue ring with a line from the raft’s emergency supplies).

After all those escaping are on the raft or in the water (Fig. 18), but holding on to the lifeline of the raft, it is necessary to move away from the sinking ship to a safe distance, for which you need to:

• cut off the starting line. The knife is in a pocket on the raft's awning at the point where the line is attached;
• select sea anchor;
• tighten the water pockets, for which you need to pull the pin, which is attached to the bottom of the pocket, then squeeze the water out of the pocket, press the pocket to the bottom and secure the pin in this state;
• use emergency oars.

Rice. 18 In a life raft and on the water

Being near a vessel is dangerous for the following reasons:

• the formation of a funnel when a vessel is submerged under water;
• possibility of explosion in case of fire;
• surfacing of large floating objects from a sinking ship;
• the possibility of the vessel falling on board.

After retreating to a safe distance, all life-saving equipment must unite and remain in the place where the ship is lost. Combining life-saving equipment allows:

• distribute people, water, food, etc. evenly;
• use signaling means more rationally;
• more rationally distribute human resources to perform work (watchkeeping, fishing, etc.).

The organization of the search and rescue operation will begin from the coordinates of the place where the ship was lost, therefore, to reduce wind drift, it is necessary to set floating anchors and lower water pockets.

Life raft equipment:

• 2 floating oars;
• drainage means: floating scoop and 2 sponges;
• 2 floating anchors, one of which is permanently attached to the raft, and the second is a spare one. Immediately after deployment of the drop-type raft, the attached drogue deploys automatically;
• special non-folding knife without a piercing part with a floating handle. The knife is in a pocket near the place where the launch line is attached to the raft;
• a rescue ring with a floating line at least 30 meters long;
• repair kit for repairing punctures: glue, plugs and clamps;
• 3 can openers;
• scissors;
• hand pump or bellows for pumping up the raft;
• canned drinking water at the rate of 1.5 liters per person;
• food ration based on 10,000 kJ per person;
• first aid kit;
• seasickness tablets with a duration of action of at least 48 hours per person;
• one hygiene bag per person;
• fishing equipment;
• heat protective agents in the amount of 10% of the estimated number of people, but not less than 2 units;
• instructions for preserving life on life rafts.

Signaling means:

• radar beacon - transponder (SART);
• VHF portable radio;
• 4 red parachute flares;
• 6 red flares;
• 2 floating smoke bombs;
• electric waterproof flashlight;
• signal mirror (heliograph) and signal whistle.

Auxiliary life-saving equipment

Storm ladders. A landing ladder must be provided at each descent point or at every two adjacent descent points. If another approved lifeboat or liferaft access device is installed at each lifeboat launching point, there must be at least one ladder on each side.

Marine evacuation system (MES) is a means for quickly moving people from the landing deck of a ship to lifeboats and rafts located on the water (Fig. 19).

The marine evacuation system is stored packed in a container. It must be installed by one person. Bringing it into working condition is similar to the actions with the PSN - dropping or launching; pulling and jerking the starting line; fastening on painters at the side.

The system consists of a guiding device such as an inflatable chute or ramp and an inflatable platform that functions as a floating pier. Having gone down the ramp to the platform, people move onto a raft or boat moored to it.

The full number of people for which the system is designed must be evacuated into life rafts from a passenger ship within 30 minutes from the moment the signal to abandon ship is given, and from a cargo ship - within 10 minutes.

IN general case MES is not a mandatory life-saving device.

Rice. 19 Marine evacuation system

Line throwing devices (Fig. 20). Each vessel must have a line-throwing device that would ensure that the line is thrown with sufficient accuracy. The kit includes:

• at least 4 rockets, each of which ensures throwing a line over a distance of at least 230 meters in calm weather;
• at least 4 lines with a breaking force of at least 2 kN;
• a gun or other device for launching a rocket.

Rice. 20 Line throwing devices

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