Covering the hardboard with veneer (4 layers), put a film under the pressing plywood so that they do not stick). Next, the veneer is sanded, trimmed at the end and the last layer is glued; it uses “fineline” veneer - it is very thin and is glued using a different technology. The surface of the base and the veneer are coated with PVA glue and we wait for the glue to dry. Next, warming up the surfaces to be glued with a construction hairdryer, press them together and smooth them with a block. The end is trimmed, individual places are sanded and the finished step goes for painting. Here we encountered a problem - stain and varnish on water based and during application, the veneer swelled in some places (apparently it gets wet), after drying it had to be reheated with a hairdryer and pressed. At first, we were not going to make an invitation step, but wanted to order production from the company where we bought the blanks, but they were not enthusiastic about this and said that I could do it myself - I had to do it myself using the technology - as they suggested and as I understood.
The balusters must be cut strictly perpendicularly. For this purpose, a device was made - the baluster and the saw are secured with clamps, the cut is carried out by turning and lowering the saw blade relative to its base.
To mark the staircase frame, paper tape is glued to the floor and the markings of the supporting profiles and corners for the steps are applied on it.
The frame is attached to the floor using dowels. Here it was important not to get caught in the floor heating cable; a project with dimensions and a photo with actual measurements of the cable position helped.
The frame is attached only to the floor and the ceiling profile.
The corners for the invitation step are welded in a cantilever manner with struts. For the frame, channel 10, channel 16 (a cantilever beam along the wall and a small console on the central support) and a corner 40x40x3 were used.
I had no practical experience in welding (except for a frame for a greenhouse), so I used an inverter for welding, which itself reduces the current when stuck (although it is recommended to use it only from the mains) and a chameleon mask.
Industrial complex RED stone carries out a full range of works on the manufacture of steps from porcelain stoneware of complex shapes and to order: rotary steps, radius steps, screw steps, winder steps, as well as invitation steps are performed by us in strict accordance with the patterns of customers or based on the results of taking measurements by our specialists.
Manufacturing of turning steps from porcelain stoneware
Analyzing our many years of experience work, we came to the conclusion that among owners of private houses, cottages, townhouses and other types of low-rise buildings, the share of clients with spiral staircases reaches 80-85%. There are many reasons for this, but the most common of them are two: either you do not have enough space to place the stairs in accordance with the standards (more about this in the article "Why are stair treads measuring 1200x300mm the standard?"). Either your designer, even at the project stage, drew you a picture with incredibly beautiful spiral and turning steps, finished with Italian marble or a rare species African beech, took payment for the project, but simply forgot to warn you about the cost of cladding such a staircase (and especially its subsequent maintenance). And now you are in an endless search for an option that could match the image you have formed and at the same time would not cost a lot of money, especially in the current economic situation.
Rotary steps –
elements that are difficult to perform and differ from each other. The high cost of manufacturing such stages is usually due to the fact that they handmade, requiring the interaction of several people (measurement surveyor – technical specialist – designer for drawing the project in AutoCAD – specialist in waterjet cutting – master for processing end elements). As for the work, you won’t be able to save much on it (with the exception of one option, which we will discuss below). But seriously The cost of the finished product can be reduced due to the material used, and porcelain stoneware in this case is significantly ahead of its “competitors”, since it is much cheaper than both marble and wood. Porcelain stoneware has two disadvantages, which, again, are compensated by its cost: its thickness and size. In terms of thickness, steps made of porcelain stoneware are visually inferior to steps made of marble and wood (for the former - 10mm, for the latter - from 20mm). The sizes of porcelain stoneware from which turning steps are made are mostly limited to the format 1200x600mm– therefore, if your turning step is longer, then, unfortunately, additions cannot be avoided (we will also tell you below how we make the joints almost invisible). These disadvantages influence the choice, but when the price of a turning step made of porcelain stoneware averages from 2800 to 4000 rubles, and prices for steps made of marble of a similar shape start from 15,000 rubles and above (and this is without installation), there is something to think about...
So, before you start making the rotary stage, you need to accurately measure it. With a triangular step, everything is more or less simple: knowing the lengths of the three sides of the step, we can calculate the angles between them. With winder steps, where there are 4 sides or more, everything is much more complicated: you need to know the exact angles between the sides, otherwise at the exit ready product will not match the original.
When accepting orders for the production of complex turning (winder) steps, we always require from clients patterns that can be cut out of hardboard or thick cardboard. Thereby we can guarantee exact compliance with the required dimensions. You can remove the patterns yourself, or you can call a specialist - a measurer, who will do everything necessary actions and will take responsibility for the accuracy of the work. Moreover, the surveyor’s visit, subject to several requirements, will ultimately be free for you (more on this in the section DEPARTURE OF THE MEASURER).
When removing patterns yourself, you need to take several nuances into account. First, you need to determine how you will install the riser: on a porcelain stoneware step or first install the riser and move the step towards it. The second point that you need to pay attention to: the porcelain stoneware step should overlap the underlying riser by its thickness (usually 10-11mm), and also, if desired, protrude forward by another 5-10mm. The protrusion of a step at a greater distance can cause you to trip over it. If you purchase a wall plinth, then when creating the pattern you must also take into account that the plinth is first installed, and the step itself is moved towards it.
So, with your or our help, the patterns for complex-shaped porcelain stoneware steps are ready. Next comes the stage of taking dimensions and drawing in special programs. After this, a large blank is made of porcelain stoneware (with or without anti-slip notches - according to your order), after which the step itself is cut out. At the end, the final process of manually “finishing” the stage to an ideal state occurs. If you need to roll the end part (for example, in those places where your step hangs over the open part of the stairs), this work is also done manually. If a turning (winder) step made of porcelain stoneware consists of several elements, we try to fit each element according to the drawing in order to minimize the visibility of the joints (as, for example, this was done in the photograph at the top of the article). After this, we check the porcelain stoneware step, made to order, with the pattern, and if all the sides and angles match, then the product is ready.
Invitation steps made of porcelain stoneware
As a rule, radius steps made of porcelain stoneware are the first three to five steps of your concrete stairs, so-called invitation steps. Firstly, they are made for beauty, and secondly, so that there is no sharp corners, which are very painful to hit. The sequence of actions for making radius steps from porcelain stoneware is similar to rotary steps, with the exception of one point: rolling steps into a ¼ circle is possible only by hand, and it is technologically impossible to apply anti-slip notches on such a step. The step pattern is also removed, drawn, the pattern is also adjusted, and the blank is cut out. Everything else is done by hand, so radius steps made of porcelain stoneware are the most expensive type of products that we make to order.
Thus, by placing a request for the production of porcelain stoneware steps to order at our production, you can rest assured: We will do everything possible to make your staircase look as beautiful and aesthetically pleasing as possible..
In the event that you are far from our production, or your craftsmen guarantee you that they will be able to cut the turning (winder) steps themselves, we suggest you purchase large step blanks made of porcelain stoneware with a front edge rolled into a ¼ circle. The dimensions of such blanks are 1200x600mm, 1600x600mm (in such a large format the color range is limited). This option convenient for those clients who live in the vast expanses of our Motherland from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok.
If your construction site is located in Moscow or the Moscow region, then you can use the option
With the help of invitational (frieze) steps, the convenience of entering the upper one increases flight of stairs. This type of steps is distinguished by an expanded area and follows at the very beginning of the structure - they form a kind of podium surrounding the base. Installing an invitation stage solves several problems at once:
- Forms an original visual style of the staircase, creating the impression of massiveness, reliability and elegance;
- Extended steps are more convenient to use, since you can now get to the approach not only at a right angle, but also from the side, like winder steps;
- The staircase becomes safer both when ascending and descending.
Design and production of invitation steps
When creating this element, the designer is given the opportunity to fully express his imagination. The frieze step is most often given a curvilinear shape with arbitrary outlines in the form of circles, ovals, beveled and curved lines. The step can be equipped with an indentation and becomes rotary, smoothly transitioning into the main flight of stairs.
Rounded curvilinear shapes really look elegant, but making steps with such a complex profile will require careful sizing calculations. Such a task can only be done to an experienced master on wood, well versed in the properties of wood fibers.
Stages of production of invitation steps:
- Preparation of blanks;
- Leveling working surfaces while simultaneously removing wood defects;
- After leveling and calibrating the dimensions of the workpieces, they are glued together into a shield;
- Cutting is carried out according to the prepared pattern, holes are made for installing pillars;
- Final sanding, coating with a paint layer;
- The step is fixed to a bowstring, stringer or external supporting structure using self-tapping screws or dowels.
If there is more than one invitational steps, the sequence of actions is repeated, since the shape of each next step will be similar to the previous one, but in a reduced size.
The company "Lestnitsa100" accepts individual orders for the production of stairs for private houses, cottages and bunk apartments. Experience in this field allows us to take on projects of any complexity. If you want to install a truly original staircase design in your home, equipped with inviting steps and other complex elements, we will be happy to fulfill your order.
The staircase to the second floor is part of the interior interior decoration home and becomes a source of pride for the owners.
The design of a staircase in a private house can be made of various materials.
For its construction, traditional wood, glass, and wrought iron are used. The passage leading to the second floor in a private house must comply with building design standards and be easy to use in order to avoid dangerous cases of injury to the inhabitants of the house. The design of a staircase in a private house has many options, types and design solutions. The staircase inside the house consists of steps and a supporting structure. All its parts have their own names; they carry not only a functional, but also an aesthetic load. Whatever material the staircase is made of, it must fit into the design of the room. In order for the transition from the first to the second floor to take its toll permanent place in a private house, it is necessary to calculate the stairs.
Calculations required for the operation of the stairs
Typically, a staircase is ordered from a craftsman who specializes in creating this integral functional part of all multi-level houses. To produce and manufacture it correctly, you should measure its estimated length, taking into account the angle of inclination, and the thickness of the second floor. For correct calculation stairs, it is necessary to take the dimensions of the room, determine the difference between the floor levels of the second and first floors, the width and depth of the opening in the interfloor ceiling left for installation. When calculating the stairs, personal wishes are also taken into account.
In the building design standards SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings" in terms of design, there are indications of the standards that must be observed. The width of interior stairs must be at least 0.9 m. This concept includes the distance from the flight of stairs to the wall to which the stairs adjoin. The number of risers in one flight should be from 3 to 18. 1:1.25, 1:1.5. The height of the risers should not exceed 15 cm. To prevent the staircase from being too steep, it is necessary to correctly calculate the opening for it on the second floor. The narrower it is, the steeper the staircase will be, which can lead to falls if used continuously.
Sometimes the staircase is arranged in a separate room, which provides natural daylight through windows. In the dark, it is necessary to turn on the lighting, which can be done just above the steps, along the wall or in the risers. Additional lamps located just above the steps to illuminate them at night make the staircase especially beautiful.
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Types of stairs, their structure and design
The variety of types of stairs helps you choose the appropriate option for a private home.
Rail ladders are becoming increasingly popular in country houses. When arranging such a transition between floors, on the one hand, the steps are attached to the wall using brackets or pins, and on the other, they are connected to each other with metal bolt pins, which give it rigidity, lightness and elegance; it does not take up much space in a small room.
It is necessary to arrange stairs on rails along load-bearing wall. If the wall is not load-bearing, then a side stringer is used for fastening. There are no risers in such devices.
Spiral staircases are especially often used in small rooms, in country houses. Such structures look interesting, but they are not convenient for constant use, and it is almost impossible to lift large things or furniture on such a structure.
steps spiral staircase are made in the form of a trapezoid and their narrow part is attached to the central post, which can be either wooden or metal.
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Staircase in a wooden house
The device for moving to the second floor is usually planned in the hallway or hall. Then it’s easy to do at home. If it connects two floors from the living room, it becomes part of the interior and must comply with aesthetic standards. IN wooden houses Wooden stairs look good in country style.
One of the types of staircase design was an invitation step and an entry post, which often becomes its decoration. The invitation step is used to increase the angle of approach to the flight of stairs. This is the very first bottom step, which is needed to give the entire staircase a more massive look and make entry more convenient and comfortable. It can be made of oak, beech, maple or ash and have larger size than subsequent steps. Often she has unusual shape. The first step is made rounded, oval, teardrop-shaped or curved. Sometimes, when making them, they are given a beveled shape, made in the form of turning steps, steps with an indent, steps with a rounded ledge. The design can use a lead-in post and balusters.
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How to make an invitation step
To make an invitation step, well-dried boards of oak or other dense wood are used.
Actions in order:
- cut the boards widthwise into blanks;
- make even base surfaces workpieces and calibrate them;
- remove all defective areas;
- optimize the dimensions of the bars along the length;
- glue the workpieces together if there is not enough solid material and sand them;
- profile and process workpieces until the required profile is obtained;
- make holes in the steps for entry posts;
- Sand the resulting steps and coat them with paint and varnish.
When installing a staircase, the inviting step is attached to stringers or bowstrings. It is possible to attach to load-bearing structures using mounting adhesive, dowels or self-tapping screws.
