Bites of poisonous snakes and insects: what to do? Bites of poisonous snakes and insects

In the summer, a person can be bitten by a bee, wasp, bumblebee, snake, or other poisonous insects. The wound from such bites is small and resembles a needle prick, but poison penetrates through it, which, depending on its strength and quantity, either acts first on the area of \u200b\u200bthe body around the bite, or immediately causes general poisoning.

Bites of poisonous snakes

Bites from venomous snakes are life-threatening. Usually snakes bite a person on the leg when he steps on them. Therefore, in places where snakes are found, you can not walk barefoot. Snake bites are most dangerous when the venom enters a blood or lymph vessel. With intradermal ingestion of poison, intoxication increases within 1-4 hours. The toxicity of the poison depends on the type of snake. Cobra venom is the most dangerous for humans. Ceteris paribus, poisoning is more severe in children and women, as well as in persons in a state of alcoholic intoxication.

Symptoms of a bite from a poisonous snake: burning pain at the site of injury, two deep puncture wounds, redness, swelling, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, fluid vesicles, necrotic ulcers, dizziness, nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, tachycardia. After half an hour, the leg can almost double in volume. At the same time, signs of general poisoning appear: loss of strength, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure, fainting, collapse.

First aid for venomous snake bites:

above the bitten place, it is necessary to apply a tourniquet or twist to prevent the poison from entering the rest of the body (only with cobra bites for 30-40 minutes);
the bitten limb must be lowered and try to squeeze out the blood in which the poison is located from the wound;
immediately begin intensive suction by mouth for 10-15 minutes of the poison from the wound (pre-squeeze the fold of skin in the area of the bite and “open” the wound) and spit out the contents; you can draw blood along with poison from the wound using a medical jar, glass or glass with thick edges. To do this, in a jar (glass or glass), you need to hold a lit splinter or cotton wool on a stick for several seconds and then quickly cover the wound with it;
ensure the immobility of the affected limb (splint or fixing bandage); rest in the supine position during transportation to a medical institution; plentiful drink;
put cold on the wound (ice pack); wash the wound with a 10% solution of potassium permanganate, inject into the wound 0.5% adrenaline, diphenhydramine, IM 1 ml of 1% solution; 500-1000 units of specific serum intramuscularly, deliver the victim to a medical facility.

Important! It is impossible to suck blood from the wound with the mouth if there may be scratches or broken teeth in the mouth, through which the poison will penetrate into the blood of the one who provides assistance. You can not make an incision at the site of the bite, as well as give alcohol in all forms.

Bites of various poisonous insects.

Insect stings (bees, wasps, bumblebees) lead to the appearance of both local symptoms and signs of general poisoning, and can also cause an allergic reaction of the body. Their single bites are not particularly dangerous. If a sting remains in the wound, it must be carefully removed, and a lotion from ammonia with water or a cold compress from a solution of potassium permanganate or simply cold water.

Bites of poisonous insects are very dangerous. Their venom causes not only severe pain and burning at the bite site, but sometimes general poisoning. The symptoms are reminiscent of poisoning by snake venom. With severe poisoning by spider venom karakurta death may occur in 1-2 days.

Symptoms: limited local pain inflammatory reaction: burning sensation, pain, redness, swelling (especially when stinging the face and neck). There are no general toxic effects. Weakly expressed: chills, nausea, dizziness, dry mouth. If the general toxic effects are strongly pronounced, then this indicates an increased sensitivity of the body to insect poisons and the development of allergic reactions, which can cause death.

First aid for insect bites:

quickly remove the sting of the bee and squeeze the poison out of the wound;
put cold on the affected area;
moisten, drip into the bite with galazolin, alcohol, validol;
take antihistamines inside: diphenhydramine, suprastin, pipolfen;
hot drink;
with the development of asthmatic syndrome, use a pocket inhaler;
with the development of complete asphyxia - tracheotomy;
call an ambulance.

Animal bites and first aid for them.

From the bite of a rabid dog, cat, fox, wolf or other animal, a person becomes ill with rabies. The bite site usually bleeds slightly. If an arm or leg is bitten, it must be quickly lowered and try to squeeze the blood out of the wound.

Help with a bite from a rabid animal:

When bleeding, the blood should not be stopped for some time. After that, the bite site is washed with boiled water, a clean bandage is applied to the wound and the patient is immediately sent to a medical facility, where the victim is given special vaccinations that will save him from a deadly disease - rabies.

It should also be remembered that rabies can be contracted not only from the bite of a rabid animal, but also in cases where its saliva gets on scratched skin or mucous membranes.

First aid for a tick bite

A visit to the forest requires pre-training. It is necessary to take care of preventive vaccination in the fall. The first vaccination is done in October-November, the second - in March-April. This measure minimizes the risk of tick-borne encephalitis.

However, vaccination does not prevent tick bites. Therefore, you need to know how to properly provide first aid for a tick bite. If there is such an opportunity, then it is necessary, after detecting a stuck insect, to contact an ambulance station. Specialists will carefully remove the tick and tell you where to take it for analysis. If this is not possible, then first aid for a tick bite is provided on its own.

To do this, you need to take the following steps:

To eliminate the risk of infection with tick-borne encephalitis, it is recommended to take ticks to special laboratories. If a dangerous pathogen is detected, a prophylactic course of taking specific interferons is prescribed. They do not guarantee the absence of symptoms of encephalitis, but make the course of the disease easier.

How to provide first aid for bites of animals, snakes, insects, every person should know, because it may be needed at any time. This becomes especially relevant in the warm season, when snakes wake up, many different insects appear, such as ticks, spiders, wasps, hornets and others. First aid for snake and insect bites is briefly described in this article.

Bites from domestic and wild animals

If a person is bitten by an animal, whether domestic or wild, a bite wound is formed, which is dangerous because there is a risk:

get sick with tetanus;
if the animal is ill with rabies, contract this disease;
due to the presence of bacteria in the saliva of the animal, infection of the wound may occur.

If a person has been bitten by an animal, the first thing to do is:

stop the bleeding;
by special means treat the wound;
apply a sterile bandage to the bite site;
Be sure to contact a medical facility.

Medical attention is very important in the event of an animal bite, especially when bitten by a wild or stray animal. After all, it can be sick with rabies or other diseases. It is less dangerous if the bite was made by a healthy pet that was vaccinated in advance, and the wound is not deep.

Stings of a bee, hornet, wasp, bumblebee

The venom of these insects contains active substances. They can cause a severe allergic reaction in some people, which can be quite dangerous.

Symptoms:

at the site of the bite appears strong pain sensation, the skin at the site of the lesion turns red and swells;
if the bites are multiple, this may be accompanied by vomiting, the appearance of convulsions, up to loss of consciousness;
an allergic reaction often develops.

If a person has been bitten by an insect, the following actions must be taken:

Bitten by a venomous snake

First aid for bites of poisonous snakes and insects should be provided immediately, since the poison, entering the bloodstream, spreads throughout the body. It is very dangerous for human health and life when a bite is made by a viper, cobra, muzzle, efa or gyurza. Usually, snakes do not rush at people first, they can only bite if they are somehow disturbed, for example, hurt, stepped on, etc.

A person who has been bitten by a snake most often does not know for sure whether it is poisonous or not. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately provide first aid, without waiting until symptoms appear that the poison has begun to act. The person should be immediately sent to a nearby medical facility where they can receive emergency care.

cobra bite

A cobra bite is very dangerous. In the place where the bite occurred, numbness immediately occurs and severe pain is felt. Such symptoms instantly begin to spread through the limb, and then throughout the trunk. The initial collapse develops already in the first 15-20 minutes after the bite has occurred. Then it affects the work of the heart, the lungs swell, and a late shock occurs. A person has a staggering gait, which indicates a violation of coordination of movements. Gradually, paralysis of the motor muscles of the pharynx, tongue, and oculomotor muscles develops, as evidenced by a hoarse voice, difficulty in swallowing, shallow and rare breathing. Later than other symptoms, cardiac arrhythmia appears.

Viper or muzzle bite

If the bite was made by a muzzle or a viper, poisoning with their poison causes the rapid development of edema of the damaged limb. After 20-40 minutes after a snake bite, the victim shows signs of shock: dizziness begins, nausea appears, skin become pale, the pulse is weak, but frequent, blood pressure drops sharply, loss of consciousness may occur. At the site where the bite was made, a hemorrhage appears, the skin becomes of blue color. Sometimes tissue necrosis occurs. Symptoms of poisoning with snake venom become most pronounced at the end of the first day.

Giving help

First aid for bites of snakes, insects, ticks should be provided immediately after the incident. If bitten by one of the poisonous snakes, it is recommended to do the following:

If the bite was made to the upper or lower limb, it is recommended:

5 centimeters above the place where the snake bit, it is necessary to apply a tight bandage;
carry out immobilization;
constantly monitor the place of application of the bandage, loosen it as the swelling of the limb increases;
lay or seat the victim so that the limb with the wound is below the level of the heart;
a person should drink as much water as possible;
if it is not possible to deliver the victim to the hospital for an hour, and his condition worsens, then an injection of a hormonal anti-inflammatory drug should be given.

When bitten by a snake, it is prohibited:

cut or cauterize in the bite area;
apply a tourniquet.

tick bites

These insects are a carrier of a dangerous disease - tick-borne encephalitis. If bitten by a tick, do the following:

Next, you need to contact a special laboratory with a removed tick, where they will conduct its study. If it confirms the fact that the insect is infected with the encephalitis virus, emergency tick-borne encephalitis prophylaxis is carried out in a medical facility.

Scientists note that there are more than 20,000 species of arachnids on our planet. They are all poisonous, but to varying degrees. Most spiders have poison of low toxicity, and therefore, when it bites a person, it does not cause any symptoms of poisoning in him. In our area, only tarantulas and karakurts (they are also called the “black widow”) should be feared.

The tarantula is a medium-sized spider, about 3 centimeters. Sometimes tarantulas can reach 12 centimeters. They can be black or dark brown in color. A feature of this species of spiders, by which it is easy to recognize, is its body, completely covered with hairs.

Karakurt is a highly poisonous spider. It has small size, its length is only 2 centimeters. The color is black, with red spots on the belly.

Tarantula bites

The tarantula is much larger than the karakurt, and also, due to its hairiness, looks much worse than the karakurt. Nevertheless, his bite is not so dangerous for the life of the victim. The bite of this spider is similar to the sting of a bee. Symptoms appear as follows:

pain;
the appearance of edema and swelling;
heaviness and lethargy in the body;
desire to sleep.

Symptoms disappear after a few days.

Bites of karakurt

Much more dangerous, although it is almost painless and looks like a light injection. Symptoms can only be noticed after a few hours. They are expressed as follows:

First, the skin at the site of the bite turns red and swelling appears. After an hour, the wound begins to hurt very badly. The pain gradually spreads to the abdomen, lower back, calves, and shoulder blades. She gives in the soles of the feet and in the armpits.
The victim feels severe weakness.
The head is spinning.
The face swells.
There is nausea.
The person has difficulty breathing.
Blood pressure rises sharply.
The pulse is fast.
Body temperature reaches 39-40 degrees.
Some muscles begin to twitch convulsively.
In severe cases, pulmonary edema, convulsions, and a coma may appear.

First aid for spider bites

First aid for snake and insect bites (grade 6 - the time when it is studied at school) should be provided immediately:

An adult or child who has been bitten by a spider should move as little as possible.
Take a pain reliever.
Apply something cold to the bite.
If the bite was made to a limb, bandage it tightly 5 centimeters above the bite.
Introduce a hormonal anti-inflammatory drug if it is not possible to send the victim to a medical facility within an hour.

Now you know how to provide first aid for snake and insect bites. On OBZh (classes on security at school, they study this already in the 6th grade, but knowledge is gradually forgotten, so it will not be superfluous to restore them to memory.

Insect bites often go away with little to no consequences. In some cases, the bites of poisonous insects can cause severe complications, death. It is very important to distinguish the symptoms, features of the manifestation of a poisonous bite. When establishing such a bite, you should know how to properly provide first aid for a bite. poisonous insect.

An insect bite is a combination of traumatic and allergic damage, as well as a toxic reaction that provokes damage to the epidermis by an insect, its foreign components.

A bite from a poisonous insect can be obtained anywhere. This is due to the fact that various types of insects are distributed over vast areas.

There is a classification of bites depending on the pathological changes that they cause in the human body:

When bitten by one insect, different people will show different reactions. This is due not only to the peculiarity of the insect, but also to the immune reactivity of the human body, the tendency of each individual organism to allergic reactions. Depending on these features, in some people, stings of common insects can cause very complex allergic reactions.

The bite of any insect leaves a mark on the epidermis in the form of swelling, redness. Treating an insect bite is easier when the species of the biting insect is known. After determining the type of insect, specific measures are taken to help eliminate the consequences of these bites.

Often, after an insect bite, inflammation appears around the wound. This is due to the fact that the body cannot cope with the strong components of insect saliva. A tumor is formed around the wound, containing inside non-disinfected particles of saliva. Such cones often appear when bitten by blood-sucking insects (gadflies, mosquitoes, flies).

Also, a similar symptom is manifested by the bite of such a poisonous insect as a hornet. A lump is formed due to infection deep into the skin. The danger of a hornet bite also lies in the fact that some of their species lay their larvae inside the tissues, where they feed, grow, and mature.

The situation is more complicated with bites that were inflicted imperceptibly, by an indefinite type of insect. In this case, you should observe the clinical manifestations of the bite. The nature of the biting insect can be determined based on the characteristics of the symptoms present.

If the bite does not worsen general condition body (fever), treatment can be carried out even at home. If the bite gets worse, you should contact a specialist.

First aid for insect bites involves the following actions:

Apply cold. It is necessary for the contraction of blood vessels. Thus, the absorption of toxic substances into the systemic circulation is slowed down. Cold also slows down the progression of swelling.
It is necessary to press down on the bite site, the tissues that surround it.
Perform a lotion, wiping with a half-alcohol solution.
A material soaked in a soda solution is applied to the swollen place or a soda gruel is applied.
Applying compresses with dimexide. This drug is used in a ratio of 1:3 or 1:4. Heparin, antibiotics, hydrocortisone can be added to this mixture.
The use of ointments that contain antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory components (Trimistin, Rescuer, Kremgen, Gioksizon).

To relieve itching, the following remedies should be used:

cold;
washing the wound with water and laundry soap;
applying potatoes (grated, chopped);
application of onion leaves;
rubbing boric alcohol;
lotion with soda;
rubbing with a solution of vinegar;
the use of menovazine;
means with menthol;
Fenistil-gel;
applying tea bags, tea tinctures (cold).

Snakes are very common on Earth, in its different regions. The consequences after a bite can be the saddest. The poison of snakes is very toxic, it causes not only paralysis, suppuration, but also death of the bitten.

Sometimes the very moment of a bite can go unnoticed, a person will guess about it by certain symptoms. Depending on the type of snake, after a bite, the victim shows the following symptoms:

Damage to nerve structures by neurotoxins.
The breakdown of blood cells (erythrocytes) when exposed to hemolysin.
Manifestation of toxic effects on the cardiovascular system through cardiotoxin.
Violation of neuromuscular transmission through an enzyme such as cholinesterase.

Toxins from the saliva of venomous snakes destroy human tissue. The following local signs indicate the presence of a snake bite:

When bitten by poisonous snakes, wounds appear on the epidermis.
Burning sensation, pain in the bite area.
Swelling around the wound, redness.
The presence of blood discharge from the bitten place.
The formation of bluish spots, blisters around the wounds.

Common features include the following:

muscle pain;
hemorrhages on the epidermis;
diarrhea, vomiting (bloody);
temperature increase;
development of hepatic and renal insufficiency.

Violation of the heart is manifested in:

tachycardia;
quickening of breathing;
chest pain;
lowering blood pressure.

Disorders in the work of the central nervous system:

headache;
clouding of consciousness;
decreased vision;
muscle weakness;
face distortion;
body numbness.

The provision of first medical care is carried out in the following way:

Reassurance of the victim. The snake should be taken away from the bite to reduce the amount of poison introduced into the body.
Removal of jewelry from limbs. With the development of puffiness due to jewelry, blood circulation is disturbed.
Identify the snake. If it is impossible to fulfill this point, the patient is carefully monitored.
If the snake is poisonous medical care provided without delay.
Perform immobilization of the bitten limb.
The poison must be sucked out of the wound. This can be done through a special pear, mouth.
Provide plenty of fluids.
In the presence of shock, resuscitation should be performed.

1. Animal bites.

If the victim was bitten by a healthy domestic dog or cat and the wound is small, then it is washed and a sterile bandage is applied. Extensive wounds are packed with sterile napkins.

If bites are received from an unknown dog or cat or other animal, it is necessary to contact a medical institution, because the bite of rabid animals is a great danger to life .

2. Bites of snakes.

According to the mechanism of action, snake venoms are divided into three groups:

- poisons that coagulate blood, causing local swelling and tissue death(poisons of muzzle, common viper, gyurza, etc.);

- poisons that act on nervous system causing muscle paralysis, respiratory and cardiac depression(poisons of sea snakes of tropical waters, cobras, etc.);

- poisons that act simultaneously on blood clotting and the nervous system, causing local swelling and tissue death(poisons of Australian asps, rattlesnakes).

When bitten by a cobra or other snakes of this group, pain occurs, a feeling of numbness in the bite area, spreading to the entire limb and body. The victim develops dizziness, fainting, cramps, a feeling of numbness in the face and tongue, swallowing is disturbed. Rapidly developing ascending paralysis, beginning with lower extremities(unsteady gait, unable to stand, and then complete paralysis).
The rhythm of the heart is disturbed. If the poison enters the blood vessels, then death occurs in 15 to 20 minutes.

When bitten by snakes of the viper family, deep puncture wounds, redness and swelling are visible at the site of the bite, the skin is shiny, becomes purple-bluish, blisters and ulcers can form. Characterized by excitement, followed by weakness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, shock may develop.

When providing first aid from the very beginning it is necessary to ensure the rest of the victim. Can intensively suck the poison with your mouth (if there is no wound in the mouth). This can be done by the victim himself or by an outsider. Suction time - 10-15 minutes with constant spitting.

Cauterization of the wound is unacceptable.

The application of a tourniquet is permissible only with a cobra bite, but not more than 30-40 minutes.

3. Insect bites.

Multiple stings of bees and wasps can be dangerous for humans, and even more so for a child.

Tissue swelling occurs, the temperature rises, a sharp headache appears, convulsions are possible.

When providing first aid it is necessary to apply a cold compress to the bite site, give a glass of sweet tea, 1 gram of acetylsalicylic acid, a tablet of diphenhydramine to drink, then consult a doctor.

Lesson Plan

Lesson topic: First aid for snake and insect bites

Grade: 6

The purpose of the lesson: The study of new material and the formation of skills and abilities for behavior in case of snake and insect bites, first aid for snake and insect bites

Lesson form: group, individual. (The lesson takes place in the form of an explanatory and illustrative conversation-dialogue with elements of discussion)

Lesson stage

Teacher activity

Student activities

UUD

(Planned results)

I. Organizing time.

II. Statement of the problem, its solution.

Determination of the purpose and objectives of the lesson.

III. Main part.

IV. Fzkultminutka. (in the middle of the lesson)

V. Band performance

VI. Reflection

Teacher. Hello guys! Let's check if everyone is present today at the lesson.

Teacher. - In order to determine what we will study today in the lesson. I suggest you solve a small crossword puzzle.

Teacher: And so the key word, what did you get?

Children: Bite!

Teacher: Let's define the goals of our lesson together!

Children: In today's lesson we will get acquainted with the bites of insects and snakes!

Teacher. Are we only interested in insect bites?

Children: No, we also need to know how to provide first aid for bites.

Teacher: Yes, you are right, we will learn how to provide first aid for snake and insect bites and at the end of the lesson we will fix today's topic with testing.

Teacher: In order to learn how to provide first aid for bites, we need to divide into groups. With the help of the material (cutting the text with PMP, symptoms of a bite, which is forbidden when doing with bites) that you see on the tables, you need to highlight the main thing and draw up reminders according to this plan: bite symptoms, rendering the first honey. help, which is forbidden to do with bites.

Teacher: You have 10 minutes to complete, after which each group presents their memo.

Finger gymnastics

And our granddaughter has small hands,

And on the handles the fingers are girls and boys.

Fingers live together, they are called by name:

Finger Sasha, finger Masha,

Misha Grisha and Stepan,

Zhenya's finger, Fenya's finger,

Tanya, Vanya and Roman.

Here are the fingers

Girls and boys.

Teacher: And so, you completed the task, now I ask you to show your memos, but also to explain.

Teacher: Guys, in order to consolidate our today's topic and get an assessment, I suggest that you complete small test. After that, you can evaluate yourself how much you understood the topic of our lesson.

Teacher: Today you have received new knowledge, thanks to which you can now provide PHC to yourself and your loved ones.

Homework

Students submit a report about those present at the lesson

Students solve a crossword puzzle, write the correct answers on the board (where there is a pre-prepared crossword puzzle)

Students write down the topic of the lesson in their notebooks.

Students complete tasks on A3 sheets, using various pictures and cuts from the text.

During the defense, students explain why they did what they did. Answer the teacher's questions.

Perform the test

Communicative and personal UUD

Cognitive, communicative UUD

Regulatory communicative and cognitive UUD

Cognitive, regulatory UUD