Who saw such Terek Cossacks. Why did the Soviet government destroy the Terek Cossacks . Folklore of the Cossacks

According to historical information, initially the word "Cossack" had a social meaning: a person who, out of evil necessity, separated from his kind-tribe, lost his livestock, was nomadic and therefore became a vagabond, a wanderer. From Turkic: homeless, outcast, free man. Already in the early Middle Ages, this name, without yet having an ethnic content, was truly international.

The Geographical Dictionary of the Russian State (XVIII-XIX centuries) unequivocally emphasizes the continuity of this social phenomenon in Rus': “While the Tatars owned the southern countries of the Russian state, nothing was heard of the Russian Cossacks. They began already after the extermination of the Tatar possession in the same places that were subject to the Tatars: for, as there were Cossacks between the Tatars, but the Russians, having occupied their homes and adopted their customs, were called Cossacks. And further here: "Cossacks appeared everywhere, and this name became common to all cavalry troops, lightly armed, employees from pay."

Historians of the Terek Cossacks believe that the first settlers on the Terek were Novgorod ushkuiniki and Ryazan Cossacks. First in the 14th century Novgorod ushkuyniki appeared - free squads, which, making trips on boats (ushkuyakh), through the Khvolyn (Caspian) Sea penetrated into the mouth of the Terek and rose up. They married women from the local inhabitants of the Caucasus and settled at the "crests" of the mountains, at the confluence of the Argun into the Sunzha. In the first quarter of the 16th century, Ryazan Cossacks rushed across the Don and Volga to the Terek. After the Ryazan inheritance went to Moscow in 1520, the “youthful” part of the Ryazan Cossacks, who served there as a frontier guard, accustomed to freedom and self-will, got up and went to the distant Terek, to the foot of Caucasus Range, and settled there. The resettlement of the Cossacks to the Terek was not disputed by either the Kumyks or the Kabardians. Moreover, the arrived freemen were offered places along the foothills. The Cossacks liked the area, next to the river - the forest, the distant ridges of the mountains, and at the foot - flat glades, grasses in the belt. Mow hay, graze cattle, plow the land, sow bread. And it is safe - no royal pursuit will reach.

However, this cover-up did not last long. The local population suffered greatly from encroachments on the lands of the Caucasus by the Crimean khans and Turkish sultans. The Cossacks more than once helped their neighbors defend themselves, but the forces were unequal. The Crimean Khan and the Turkish Sultan forced Greater Kabarda to submit, and Shamkhal Tarkovsky threatened Lesser. The Cossacks, apparently, hinted to the mountain princes to ask for help from the Moscow sovereign John Vasilyevich.

The first embassy of the Circassian princes arrived in Moscow in 1552.

In 1555, an embassy of Kabardian princes went to Moscow. There is a legend that with this embassy the “village” of the Grebensky Cossacks arrived in Moscow, whom John graciously received, bestowed “the Terek free river, from the crest to the blue of the Kaspitsky Sea”, ordered them to serve their state service there, to protect their new Kabardian patrimony .

In 1557, an embassy arrived in Moscow from the eldest, most influential and revered Kabardian prince Temryuk Idarovich with a request that "the sovereign grant them, order them to serve himself and commit servitude." This request was respected and secured in 1561 by the marriage of Ivan IV with Temryuk's daughter, Kuchenya, who took the name Maria after baptism.

In 1559, the first tsarist troops appeared on the Terek to protect the Kabardians from Shamkhal Tarkovsky. In 1563, 500 archers and 500 Cossacks were sent from Astrakhan to help the tsar's father-in-law Temryuk Idarovich, and governor Pleshcheev built the first half-Russian-half-Kabardian city in Kabarda on the right bank of the Terek, possibly in Lower Dzhulat, on a high cape of a spur of the Kabardian Range, towering over the Terek opposite the former village of Prishibskaya (now Maysky, KBR). At the mouth of the Sunzha, a military city was being built - Terka, which, at the request of Turkey, was abandoned in 1571. In 1577, in the same place, on the Sunzha, but in a different place, a second Terka was built. The Turkish Sultan demanded to leave her, but she did not become empty. It was occupied by the Cossacks of the Free Terek Cossacks. This year became official in the birth of the Terek Cossack army.

Volga Cossacks also arrived here. Having fallen into disgrace and not wanting to lose their liberties, they fled from their seats. There is a legend about Yermak: he went north to the Stroganovs, some went to Yaik, and most went to the Terek. 17th century in the history of the region was marked by a significant influx of fugitive peasants from Russia to the Terek villages. Fled here, as to a safe haven, and representatives of the Caucasian peoples - those who were cramped in their homeland, who were persecuted by the societies themselves. “All these were people of the same kind as the Russian free Cossacks,” and therefore the latter easily made friends and got along with them.

The contact of the Tertsy Cossacks with the local North Caucasian peoples affected both the anthropological originality and appearance of the Cossacks, and the nature of the material and spiritual culture of the population of the Cossack regions. The influence of local customs was reflected in the decoration of the house, clothing, jewelry, and some household traditions; kunachestvo, wedding ceremonies… Various influences on the Cossacks can be traced in the field of military art: weapons, military tactics and strategy, organization of troops.

At first, the sovereign's salary was of great importance for the Cossacks, but with the growing role of agriculture, the importance of land allotments, which the government granted to the Cossacks for military service, grew. A number of granted letters of government, especially the letter of 1793, the state, which acted as the supreme owner of the country's lands, transferred the lands of the Cossack communities to them for eternal use: Cossack societies or troops transferred the land for the same use to the Cossack villages, from which the Cossacks already received it by shares . So instead of cash taxes for the land, the Cossacks begin to pay a tax in kind by serving military service with their horse, weapons, ammunition. The Cossacks participated in all the wars waged by Russia, and honorably fulfilled their duty as defenders of the Fatherland.

Terek Cossacks, Tertsy, Grebenets - Cossacks who live along the rivers Terek, Sunzha, Assa, Kura, Malka, Kuma, Podkumok in the North Caucasus.

The Terek Cossack army is the third oldest in the Cossack troops since 1577, when the Terek Cossacks first acted under the royal banners.

The headquarters of the Terek Cossack army is located in the city of Vladikavkaz.

Military holiday, military circle August 25 (old style), St. Bartholomew's Day, in memory of the defeat and capture of the Murids, who were led by Shamil in the village of Gunib in 1859.

Officially, the Terek (Grebenskoye) Cossack army has existed since 1577. The service of the Terek Cossacks was to guard the border, which ran along the line along the Terek River. The Russian government supplied the Cossacks with weapons and supplies and used them to fight against the Crimean and Nogai Tatars and mountain princes. The Grebensky army supplied at least 1000 Cossacks, of which half received a salary, and the other defended their towns "from water and grass", that is, free of charge, in exchange for tax privileges.

Grebentsy settled mainly in the basin of the middle reaches of the Terek and its tributary, the Sunzha. In the 16th century, Don Cossacks from the Kalitva River also moved here. From the end of the 16th century, a significant number of Cossacks moved to the North Caucasus - immigrants from the Don, Volga, Khopra. They made up the grassroots, actually "Terek" Cossacks, which was formed later than the Grebensky (in the 16th-18th centuries) with the active participation of immigrants from neighboring peoples. Significant groups of Orthodox Ossetians and Circassians, as well as Georgians and Armenians who fled from the Ottoman and Persian oppression, were accepted into the Cossacks, and, having become Russified, finally merged with it.

In 1653, as a result of the devastating invasion of the Persian troops and their allies, which went down in history as the "Kyzylbash ruin", more than 10 Cossack towns disappeared completely, as their population was either destroyed or taken prisoner, and the few survivors joined the inhabitants of other villages .

In 1685, the Terek Cossacks were temporarily pushed back from the mountains, and in 1707, most of the old Cossack towns were destroyed by the Kuban Sultan Kaib. In 1712, the surviving combers were resettled down the Terek.

The resettlement of the Cossacks-grebens to the left bank of the Terek, which began at the end of the 17th century, was finally completed at the beginning of the 18th century. The relocation was due both to pressure from Islamized neighbors and to the fact that the Russian authorities were unhappy with the fact that the Cossacks sheltered the fugitives, and therefore demanded the relocation of the Cossacks to the left bank, where they could be controlled.

The attacks of the highlanders forced the Cossacks-grebetsy, instead of the former small towns, to establish large settlements on the left bank: Chervlenny, Shadrin (Schedrinsky), Kurdyukov and Gladkov (in 1722, the Gladkov Cossacks received a salary for one town, and in 1725 - for two: Starogladkovsky and Novogladkovsky) . These towns (from the end of the 18th century - villages), named after the surnames or nicknames of the chieftains, stretched for 80 miles along the left bank of the Terek.

The Grebensky army in 1721 was subordinated to the Military Collegium and thus included in the armed forces of Russia. Instead of the abolished Terek city in the interfluve of Sulak and Agrakhan in 1723, a new Russian fortress was founded - the Holy Cross, near which 1000 families of the Don Cossacks (from the Don, Donetsk, Buzuluk, Khoper, Medveditsky towns) were settled, which received the name of the Agrakhan army (later " family army). The difficulties associated with resettlement and settling in a new place, and in addition, the outbreak of the plague led to the fact that by 1730 only 452 families had survived.

After the Ganja Treaty with Iran, according to which the Russian border was moved to the Terek, in 1736 the Don people were resettled on the left bank (from the Grebensky villages down the Terek) by three villages: Borozdinskaya, Kargalinskaya, Dubovskaya. They received the name of the Tersko-Family Host.

In 1735, on the left bank of the Terek, 60 versts from the Caspian Sea, a new city was founded - Kizlyar, which for many years became the political and cultural center of the North-Eastern Caucasus. From the fortress of the Holy Cross, Cossacks and North Caucasians were transferred here, who had long been in the service of Russia (Kabardians, Chechens, Kumyks, etc.). All of them became known as the Tersko-Kizlyar army. The Cossacks lived in a special quarter of Kizlyar, the so-called. "Kizlyar village", the highlanders lived in other quarters). All groups of Cossacks along the Terek were placed under the command of the Kizlyar commandant. In the 40s of the 18th century, an attempt was made to unite the Grebensky and Terek-Family troops, but it was not successful.

In 1762, the Kabardian prince Andrei Konchokin was allowed to move to the Mezdoga tract on the left bank of the Terek with baptized subjects. In 1763, a fortification was laid here, which in 1765 was transformed into the city of Mozdok. Its main population was made up of Cossacks, Georgians, Armenians, Kabardians, Ossetians, Greeks. From among the settlers, mainly baptized Ossetians and Kabardians, the mountain Mozdok Cossack team was created, numbering a little more than 100 people, under the command of Prince Andrei Konchokin. These Cossacks for the most part acted as translators, sent by mail.

To strengthen the Terek fortified line on the left bank from Mozdok to Chervlyonnaya, 517 families of the Volga Cossacks were settled (Donets, who lived for several decades on the Volga border line between Kamyshin and Tsaritsyn, and with its liquidation were not returned to their homes). The decision to resettle the Volga people was made in 1765, but the real foundation of their villages in the Caucasus (Galyugaevskaya, Ishcherskaya, Naurskaya, Mekenskaya, Kalinovskaya) took place only in 1771. The Cossacks of these villages made up the Mozdok Cossack Regiment. Later, 50 Don Cossack families were sent to each village. In 1770, one hundred Donets families on the outskirts of Mozdok founded the village of Lukovskaya.

In 1800, the village of Stoderevskaya arose, where 200 families of baptized Kalmyks were settled. However, the Kalmyks soon returned to the Trans-Kum steppes to their former nomadic way of life and to their former Buddhist beliefs.

In the 20-30s. XIX century, state peasants from Poltava, Kharkov, Chernigov, Voronezh, Kursk, Tambov, Simbirsk, Astrakhan provinces were sent to the villages of the Tersky left bank, who received the status of Cossacks. The government also made attempts to attribute the Mozdok Ossetians and Kabardians, Armenians, Georgians to the Cossacks, but, as a rule, without success. Only a part of the Ossetians (migrants from the mountains), Georgians and, to a lesser extent, Armenians, wished to become citizens of the Terek Army.

In 1832, out of 5 Cossack regiments (Kizlyarsky, Terek-family, Grebensky, Mozdoksky and Gorsky), located from the mouth of the river. Terek to Mozdok, and 5 Cossack regiments of the Azov-Mozdok line (Volga, Caucasian, Stavropol, Khopersky and Kuban) the Caucasian linear Cossack army was formed. The Caucasian linear Cossack army, together with the Black Sea, occupied the Caucasian defensive line from the mouth of the Terek to the mouth of the Kuban and, together with the Separate Caucasian Corps, participated in the Caucasian War.

Close proximity to the Caucasian highlanders, the participation of highlanders in the Cossack army and mixed marriages contributed to the penetration of Caucasian culture into the life of the Tertsy. This is especially noticeable in the clothes (cloaks, hats) and weapons (daggers, sabers) of the Cossacks. Many Cossacks spoke the languages ​​of the highlanders; so L. N. Tolstoy in the story “Cossacks” writes: “The well done Cossack flaunts knowledge of the Tatar language and, having taken a walk, even speaks Tatar with his brother” (Tatar here means one of the Turkic languages ​​​​of the Caucasus: Karachay-Balkarian, Nogai or Kumyk ).

In 1860, the Caucasian linear Cossack army was abolished. From part of the army, the Terek Cossack army was formed, and the other part, together with the Black Sea Cossack army, became part of the newly formed Kuban Cossack army. In the same year, the Terek region was formed.

In peacetime, the Terek army fielded for service: two Life Guards Terek hundreds of His Majesty's Own Convoy (Tsarskoye Selo), four cavalry regiments of 6 hundred of the first stage (1st Kizlyar-Grebenskaya General Yermolov (Grozny and Grozny). Vladikavkaz), 1st Gorsko-Mozdok General Krukovsky (Olta township), 1st Volga and 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz General Sleptsov (Khankendy tract), two horse batteries of 4 guns (1st and 2nd -I Terek Cossacks) and 4 local teams (Grozny, Goryachevodsk, Prokhladnensk and Vladikavkaz).

By the beginning of the First World War, the Terek Cossacks numbered about 260 thousand people (2.1 million acres of land in use).

And the Terek Cossack troops, as well as the seniority of these troops themselves. The oldest seniority was received by the Kizlyar-Grebensky Cossack regiment - from 1577. According to his seniority, from the same year, the seniority of the entire Terek Cossack army, in which the regiment was located, began to be considered. This date is timed to the foundation of the Terek governor L. Z. Novosiltsev prison Grater/Graters(Sunzhensky prison) on the Terek River opposite the confluence of the Sunzha. However, modern researchers (for example, the prominent Caucasian scholar E. N. Kusheva) argue that the foundation of this prison took place not in 1577, but in 1578, and today's science also knows that this was already the second construction of a prison by the Russian state on this site.

Story

Early history

The path of the Russians to the Caucasus opened under Ivan the Terrible after the annexation of the Astrakhan Khanate (1556) and the marriage of the tsar to the Kabardian princess Maria Temryukovna (1561). By this time, the Cossacks on the Terek, Sunzha and Agrakhan had already lived for at least a century. Some researchers associate the appearance of the Sunzha (Grebensky) and Agrakhan (Caspian) Cossacks with the Pomors-Ushkuiniks, who migrated along the Volga and the Caspian Sea in the 13th-14th centuries. In 1563, Governor Pleshcheev led 500 archers for the first time on the Terek River. Following the archers, the Volga Cossacks (descendants of the Don Cossacks) also appear on the Terek, who disturb the Nogai Murza Tinekhmat (the territory of the western Caspian Sea north of the Terek was called the Nogai steppe). In 1567, in the area of ​​​​modern Kizlyar, Russian governors built the Terek city, which they had to leave under Turkish pressure. In 1577, the Russians from Astrakhan again revive the Terek city, the influx of people to the Terek is associated with repressions against the Volga Cossacks, the stolnik Ivan Murashkin. It is noteworthy that from this time the Terek Cossacks lead their seniority. However, the border between the Russian state and the Kumyk Shamkhaldom was indistinct. During the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Khvorostin to Dagestan (1594), about 1000 Terek Cossacks joined the Russian army. No less unsuccessful was the campaign of governor Buturlin (1604), which was also joined by the Terek Cossacks. However, the failures of the governor turned the Terek into a relatively free place for the Cossacks. In 1606, it was on the Terek that the rebel Ilya (Ileyka) Muromets gathered his forces. Meanwhile, Turkey is losing its influence on the banks of the Terek, and the Nogai Muslims are being forced out of the steppes of the North Caucasus by Kalmyk Buddhists. By the turn of the 16th-17th centuries, four Cossack cities were known on the Terek and Sunzha - Terki, Tyumen, Sunzha (on the site of the present Grozny) and Andrei (now the village of Enderey in Dagestan). As a result of the campaigns of the Iranian army of Khosrov Khan (1651-1653), many Cossack settlements on the Terek cease to exist, and the Cossacks themselves go into the shadow of the pro-Russian Kabarda, which is fighting against both the Dagestan Kumyks and the Kuban Nogays. Probably, it was then that the Terek Cossacks began to be called Grebensky, that is, mountainous living on the "ridge" (Tersky Range):, in the interfluve of the Terek and Sunzha. The sources do not trace the division into Terek and Grebensky Cossacks. In their reports in the 16th - 17th centuries, the tsarist governors constantly confused the Grebensky and Terek grassroots Cossacks and called them by the common name "Terek Cossacks". went to other places of their choice. [ ] The Terek Cossacks acquired their originality by adopting elements of culture, genotype and anthropotype of local Caucasian tribes (Ossetians, Circassians, Georgians, Armenians, Kabardians, Chechens and Kumyks).

Grebensky Cossack army

North Caucasus in the 18th century

In 1711, some revival began among the Grebensky Cossacks. They begin to settle down the banks of the Terek. New Cossack towns are being built, now known as villages: Chervlyonnaya, Shchedrinskaya, Novogladovskaya, Starogladovskaya and Kurdyukovskaya. These towns, named after the surnames or nicknames of the atamans, stretched along the left bank of the Terek. In 1717, Ataman Basmanov is mentioned, who, at the head of 500 Grebensky Cossacks, takes part in the Khiva campaign of Prince Bekovich-Cherkassky.

At the same time, the Cossacks lose their freedom, turning into an orderly army, which at first was subordinate to the Astrakhan governor, and then (since 1721) to the Military Collegium in St. Petersburg.

In 1723, instead of the abolished old Russian fortresses in the North Caucasus, the fortress of the Holy Cross was laid, after which Kizlyar was built in 1735. The Don Cossacks settled near it, which later form the "Terek-Family Host" (different from the Grebensky Cossacks, but also the Terek Host). Their following towns-villages are known: Aleksandrovskaya, Borozdinskaya, Kargalinskaya, Dubovskaya.

Russo-Turkish War

In 1771, at the height of the war, Yemelyan Pugachev appears on the Terek (village of Kargalinskaya), but the Terek ataman Pavel Tatarintsev puts the troublemaker under arrest in the Mozdok prison, from which Pugachev flees to the Yaik Cossacks.

On June 23 (10), 1774, the Terek Cossacks under the command of Colonel Ivan Savelyev heroically repel the assault on the village of Naurskaya for about a day with the forces of 8 thousand Crimean Tatars, Turks, highlanders and Nekrasov Cossacks, led by a kalga from the clan of the Crimean khans Shabaz Giray. It was truly a heroic defense, since the main force of the village - combatant Cossacks - at that time were just on a military campaign, and only the elderly, women, children and a small legion team remained at home. Naurian Cossack women, dressed in red sundresses, came to the defense of their native town, which repelled enemy attacks along with their husbands and brothers. At the same time, women, among other things, were entrusted with the duty to maintain fires, heat tar and boiling water and pour them from the walls onto the attackers. They say that even cabbage soup, cooked for dinner, among the Cossacks "went into action" to protect the fortification. At the same time, women, shoulder to shoulder with the old Volga Cossacks, met fierce attacks, mowed down the enemies that appeared on the earthen rampart with scythes, and defended themselves with sickles. There were cast-iron cannons in the fortification, which, depending on where the attack intensified, were transported by people from place to place. The attackers suffered heavy losses (up to 800 people). Among those killed was one well-known mountain ruler, Prince Kagoka Tatarkhanov, while his body was left lying on the battlefield, not removed by the retreating attackers. This fact indicates a significant loss of spirit of the besiegers, since they considered it a sacred duty to carry the bodies of the dead from the battlefield, and, moreover, the leaders. The battle for Naur went on for a whole day, during which the Naurians waited for help, but there was no help. Only forty miles away was the village of Chervlyonnaya, but there was no communication with it. It is also reported that the roar of cannon fire was heard in Chervlennaya, but the commander of the infantry regiment stationed in the village for some reason thought that the Naur people were having some kind of holiday with fireworks and firing, which the old colonel Savelyev, the commander of the Mozdok Cossacks, was very fond of. So the whole day passed. With the dawn of the next day, the cannons of the Cossacks began to shoot again, but suddenly the enemy began to quickly move away from the village. They say that the stanitsa owed the lifting of the siege to the Cossack Pereporkh, who aimed his gun at the mound where Shabaz-Girey was headquartered, and killed the nephew of the kalga himself with a successful shot. The kalga saw this as a bad omen and did not want to stay here anymore. Many women for the defense of Naur were awarded medals. Subsequently, recalling this event, the Cossacks respectfully called him " it's a feast».

Astrakhan Cossack army

In 1776, the Grebensky, Volga, Terek-Kizlyar and Terek-Family Cossack Hosts became part of the Astrakhan Cossack Host. The post-war period is used for the construction of new villages: Yekateringradskaya, Pavlovskaya, Maryinskaya and Cossack settlements at the fortresses of Georgievskaya and Aleksandrovskaya at the expense of the second half of the Volga regiment. In 1784, after the adoption of Georgia under the protectorate of Russia, Vladikavkaz was laid on the threshold of the Darial Gorge - a key point in the road leading to Transcaucasia.

In 1785, the life of the Terek Cossacks was complicated by the Islamic uprising of Sheikh Mansur, who was able to unite the Chechens, Kumyks and Kabardians (his detachment numbered about 10 thousand people) and organize an attack on Kizlyar. The Murid rebels crossed the Terek 15 kilometers downstream and attacked the Russian fortress, but were repulsed by the Cossacks of Ataman Sekhin and the soldiers of the Kizlyar garrison. Mozdok and Naurskaya were also attacked.

Caucasian linear Cossack army

In 1786, the Grebenskoye, Terek-Semeynoye, Volga and Terek Cossack troops and the Mozdok Cossack regiment were separated from the Astrakhan army and, together with the Khoper Cossack regiment, received the name of the settled Caucasian line of Cossacks.

In 1845 construction began on a new cordon line along the Sunzha River. A large number of new villages appeared - Vladikavkazskaya, Novo-Sunzhenskaya, Aki-Yurtovskaya, Field Marshalskaya, Terskaya, Karabulakskaya, Troitskaya, Mikhailovskaya and others. From the Cossacks of these villages, the 1st Sunzhensky and 2nd Vladikavkaz Cossack regiments were formed. And from the Cossack villages of Samashki, Zakan-Yurt, Alkhan-Yurt, Grozny, Petropavlovsk, Dzhalkinskaya, Umakhan-Yurt and Goryachevodskaya, the 2nd Sunzhensky regiment was formed.

Symbolism

The flags of the Terek Cossack regiments were a blue cloth with silver embroidery. From the inscriptions, the slogan was used: God is with us, from the images, the icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands or a black double-headed eagle against an orange medallion

In uniform, Terek Cossacks use black and light blue colors:

Military units

• 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky General Yermolov Regiment. Location - Grozny, Terek region. Led by a colonel.
• 2nd Kizlyar-Grebensky Regiment.
• 3rd Kizlyar-Grebensky Regiment.
• 1st Volga Regiment of His Imperial Highness the Heir Tsesarevich. Dislocation - Khotin, Bessarabian province. (1.07.1903), Kamenetz-Podolsk (1.02.1913, 01.04.1914).
• 2nd Volga Regiment.
• 3rd Volga Regiment.
• 1st Gorsko-Mozdok General Krukovsky Regiment. Dislocation - m. Olty Kars region.
• 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment.
• 3rd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment.
• 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz regiment of General Sleptsov. Dislocation - ur. Khan-Kendy of the Elisavetgrad Province.
• 2nd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment.
• 3rd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment.
• Terek local teams
• Terek Cossack Artillery:
  • 1st Terek Cossack Battery
  • 2nd Terek Cossack Battery
• His Imperial Majesty's Own Escort 3 and 4 hundreds. Dislocation - Tsarskoye Selo (1.02.1913). The standard was taken abroad during the Civil War, now it is in the Life-Cossack Museum near Paris.

economy

population

Terek river basin

resettlement

Terek Cossacks historically lived in villages in the North Caucasus (the Terek river basin), which were territorially united into departments. In addition to the villages, a farm was considered a small settlement. By 1917, the territory of the Terek Cossacks consisted of regimental departments: Pyatigorsk, Kizlyar, Sunzha, Mozdok, and the mountainous part was divided into districts: Nalchik, Vladikavkaz, Vedensky, Groznensky, Nazranovsky and Khasav-Yurtovsky. The regional center is in Vladikavkaz, the centers of departments are in Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Kizlyar and the village of Starosunzhenskaya.

Terek Cossack. Postcard of the French emigrant edition from the Army of Russia series (Terek Cossack Host. 1st Volga Regiment)

Historical departments

Kizlyar department located in the modern territories of the northern part of Dagestan (Kizlyarsky and Tarumovsky districts) and Chechnya (Grozny, Gudermessky, Naursky and Shelkovskaya districts) and included the following villages: Aleksandriyskaya, Aleksandro-Nevskaya, Borozdinovskaya, Baryatinskaya, Grebenskaya, Groznenskaya, Dzhalkinskaya, Dubovskaya, Zakanyurtovskaya, Yermolovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Kalinovskaya, Kargalinskaya, Kakhanovskaya, Kurdyukovskaya,

"Cossack" means - a free, free person) and often did not follow the orders of the authorities.

However, gradually an increasing number of Cossacks entered the public service. This service consisted in guarding the border, which ran along the line along the Terek River. The Grebensky army supplied at least 1,000 Cossacks for service, of which half received a salary, and the other defended their towns “from water and from grass,” that is, for free.

In the 17th century, the resettlement of the Cossacks-combingers to the left bank of the Terek began, and finally ended at the beginning of the 18th century. The relocation was connected both with the pressure of Islamized neighbors (“Chechens and Kumyks began to attack the towns, drive away cattle, horses and captivate people”), and with the fact that the Russian authorities were angry that the Cossacks accepted the fugitives and therefore demanded the resettlement of the Cossacks on the left bank, where they could be controlled.

The attacks of the highlanders forced the Cossacks-grebetsy, instead of the former small towns, to establish large settlements on the left bank: Chervlenny, Shadrin (Shchedrinsky), Kurdyukov and Gladkov (in 1722, the Gladkov Cossacks received a salary for one town, and in 1725 - for two: Starogladkovsky and Novogladkovsky) . These towns (since the end of the 18th century - villages), named after the surnames or nicknames of the chieftains, stretched for 80 miles along the left bank of the Terek.

The Grebensky army in 1721 was subordinated to the Military Collegium and thus included in the armed forces of Russia. Instead of the abolished Terek city in the interfluve of Sulak and Agrakhan in 1723, a new Russian fortress was founded - the Holy Cross, near which 1000 families of the Don Cossacks (from the Don, Donetsk, Buzuluk, Khoper, Medvedinsky towns) were settled. The difficulties associated with resettlement and settling in a new place, and in addition, the plague that appeared, led to the fact that by 1730 only 452 families of them had survived.

In 1860, the Caucasian linear Cossack army was abolished. From part of the army was formed Terek Cossack army, and the other part, together with the Black Sea Cossack army, became part of the newly formed Kuban Cossack army. In the same year, the Terek Oblast was formed.

In peacetime, the Terek army fielded for service: two Life Guards Terek hundreds of His Majesty's Own Convoy (Tsarskoye Selo), four cavalry regiments of 6 hundred of the first stage (1st Kizlyar-Grebenskaya General Yermolov (Grozny and Vladikavkaz), 1st Gorsko-Mozdok General Krukovsky (Olta township), 1st Volga and 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz General Sleptsov (Khankendy tract), two horse batteries of 4 guns (1st and 2nd -I Terek Cossacks) and 4 local teams (Grozny, Goryachevodsk, Prokhladnensk and Vladikavkaz).

Timeline of the history of the Terek Cossacks

15th century

• 1444 - the first mention of free Cossacks: who fled to help against Mustafa in 1444. They came on skis, with sulits, with oak, and together with the Mordovians joined the squads of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily the Dark. The battle took place on the river. Listani Mustafa was defeated.

16th century

• 1502 - the first mention of the service (city) Ryazan Cossacks in the order of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III to Princess Agrippina.
• 1520 - resettlement of free Ryazan Cossacks to the Volga, Yaik (Ural), Don, Terek in connection with the annexation of the Grand Duchy of Ryazan to Moscow. The beginning of the Grebensky army.
• 1557 - Ataman Andrei Shadra, whom V. Tatishchev mentions in his "History of Russia", later with three hundred like-minded people left the Don for the Kumyk steppes to the Terek and founded a town called Andreev at the mouth of the Aktash River, giving rise to the Grebensky Cossacks.

Historians define the reasons for Andrei Shadra's departure to the Terek in different ways. E.P. Savelyev believed that Shadra was ousted from Dona Yermakthat:

• 1559 - The first arrival of the royal army to the Terek.
• 1560 - Governor Cheremisin's campaign against Shamkhal Tarkovsky.
• 1563 - Construction by governor Pleshcheev of the first Russian city on the Terek in Kabarda.
• 1567 - the construction of Terka - the first Russian fortress in the Caucasus at the direction of the voivods Babychev and Protasyev.
• 1571 - the abandonment of the Terki fortress at the request of Turkey, but the fortress is occupied by free Volga Cossacks.
• 1577 - restoration of the fortress Terki increase in the number of archers and Cossacks family Astrakhan governor Lukiyan Novosiltsev. Since this year, the Terek Cossacks have been leading their seniority. Stolnik Murashkin smashes the Volga Cossacks, some parts of which scatter along the flooded rivers, including the Terek.
• 1583 - the attack of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya while crossing the Sunzha on the Turkish army, led by the governor of the Sultan in Shirvan, Osmanpasha, who set out from Derbent in order to pass through the possessions of Shamkhal Tarskovsky and Temryuk to Taman and the Crimea to carry out punitive actions there. After a fierce battle, the Cossacks pursued Osman Pasha for three days, recaptured the carts from him and captured many prisoners, and when the latter camped at Mount Beshtau, the Cossacks set fire to the steppe and forced the Turks to flee in disorder. This victory was of great importance for strengthening Russia's influence in the North Caucasus and made a strong impression on the highlanders, who for a long time still called the place of the crossing and the road along which the Turks walked, the Osmanovsky ferry and the Osmanovsky way.
• 1584 - again leaving the fortress of Terki at the request of Turkey. The fortress is occupied by a free community of Cossacks from the Volga, who are in the service of King Simon of Georgia.
• 1588 - the formation of the Terek Voivodeship and the creation in the lower reaches of the Terek of a new Terka outpost of Russian forces in the Caucasus by the governor Burtsev.
• 1589 - the first building on the Sunzha "fort".
• 1591 - participation of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya in the campaign of Prince Solntsev-Zasekin against Shamkhal Tarkovsky.
• 1592 - Construction of the fortress Koi-su on Sulak. 600 Grebensky Cossacks "from Terka" attacked the Turkish possessions on the Taman Peninsula, looted and burned the Temryuk fortress. During the Time of Troubles, like other Cossack yurts, some of the Terts "stole". It was here that the “False Peter” movement began, supported by 300 Cossacks led by ataman F. Bodyrin. Secretly from other Tertsy, who remained with the governor P.P. Golovin, the rebels went to the Volga to rob merchant ships. The reason for the rebellion was the non-payment of the royal salary to the Cossacks. Subsequently, the 4,000-strong army of False Peter marched to Putivl and took part in the uprising launched by G.P. Shakhovsky and I.I. Bolotnikov.
• 1593 - The first clash of the Grebensky Cossacks with the Turks, the campaign of the Cossacks near Temryuk, which caused the Turkish Sultan to complain about the insults inflicted by the Cossacks.
• 1594 - participation of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya in the campaign of the governor Khvorostin to the capital of the Tarkov shamkhalate, the city of Tarki.

17th century

• the beginning of the 17th century, after a series of bloody clashes with the Chechens, the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya moved further from the mountains to the north to the confluence of the Terek and Sunzha. Foundation of the towns of Kurdyukov, Glatkov and Shadrin.
• 1604 - participation of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya in the campaign of Buturlin and Pleshcheev against the city of Tarki.
• 1605 - Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya join the troops of False Dmitry I in the city of Tula. The abolition of prisons on the Sunzha Koi-su and Ak-tash.
• 1606 - an uprising of 4,000 Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya against the Terek governors and their departure to the Volga to install the impostor Ilya Muromets (Korovin) as king in Moscow.
• 1628 - description of the Grebensky towns by foreign geologists Fritsch and Herald.
• 1633 - participation of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya in the defeat of the Lesser Nogai Horde under the leadership of Prince Volkonsky.
• 1646 - participation of the Terek and Grebensky Cossacks in the campaign against the Nogai and Crimean Tatars under the leadership of the nobleman Zhdan Kondyrev and the stolnik Prince Semyon Pozharsky
• 1649 - Murza of the Great Nogai Horde attacked the towns of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya.
• 1651 - A prison is built again on the Sunzha.
• 1653 - the combers, together with the soldiers of Prince Mutsal Cherkassky, hold the defense against the numerically superior forces of the Persian troops and the Kumyks and Dagestanis supporting them, which ended with the fact that 10 Cossack towns ceased to exist, and the Cossacks with their wives and children dispersed. The Cossacks are thanked by the Tsar, but the jail is ordered not to be restored.
• 1666 - the foundation of Chervlensky and Novogladkovsky towns.
• 1671 - Grebensky Cossacks with Prince Kaspulat Mutsalovich Cherkassky take part in the suppression of the Razints uprising in Astrakhan.
• 1677 - participation of the Grebensky Cossacks in the battles near Chigirin.
• 1688 - the siege of Terki by a horde of the Kuban seraskir Kazy Giray. The attack is repulsed, but all the towns are destroyed.
• 1695 - participation of the Grebensky Cossacks in the Azov campaign.

18th century

• 1701 - the village of Shchedrinskaya was attacked by the highlanders, but the combers repelled the attack.
• 1707 - the towns of the Grebensky Cossacks were attacked by a horde led by Eshtek-Sultan. Population reduction.
• 1711 - Resettlement of the Grebensky army by order of the Governor-General P. M. Apraksin to the left bank of the Terek and permission to engage in agriculture. 5 villages were built: Chervlyonnaya, Shchedrinskaya, Novogladovskaya, Starogladovskaya and Kurdyukovskaya.
• 1717 - Grebentsov's campaign in the detachment of Prince Bekovich-Cherkassky to Khiva.
• 1720 - the power of the Cossack communities is partially limited. The Grebensky army was subordinated to the Astrakhan governor.
• 1721 - March 3, the complete subordination of the Grebensky army to the Military Collegium.
• 1722 - Emperor Peter I arrived in the Caucasus. Resettlement of part of the Terts and Don Cossacks to establish a cordon line along the river. Sulak. Creation of the Agrakhan army.
• 1735 - Russia, under an agreement with Persia, transferred all the lands conquered by Peter in the foothills of the Caucasus. The river became the border. Terek. General-in-chief V. Ya. Levashov founded the Kizlyar fortress.
• 1732 - the return to the Terek of part of the Grebentsy, who had once gone to the Volga.
• 1736 - the resettlement of the Agrakhan army along the Terek down from the Grebensky villages in four towns: Aleksandrovsky, Borozdinsky, Kargalinsky, Dubovsky. They received the name of the Tersko-Family Host. The participation of the Grebensky Cossacks with the atamans Auka and Petrov in the Kuban campaign of the Kalmyk Khan Donduk-Ombo and the capture of Temryuk.
• 1740 Grebensky Cossacks begin to break away from the Orthodox Church due to a dispute about the two-toed cross-body build.
• 1745 - by the Decree of Elizaveta Petrovna, it was decided to unite the Grebenskoye and Terek-Family troops and elect a combined-arms irremovable ataman in the presence of the Kizlyar commandant. Stanitsa atamans, captains, centurions, clerks, cornets still had to be elected for one year.
• 1746 - the ataman and foremen of the united army began to be approved by the Military College. The military ataman was endowed with unlimited powers "under pain for nasty acts of cruel torture."
• 1754 - the government decided to divide the army again. Grebentsy, albeit temporarily, defended their right to military self-government.
• 1763 - construction of the Mozdok fortification. Chechens settle in the Old Grebensky yurt, on the right bank of the Terek, on a leasehold basis, under the agreement of Dovlet-Girey Grebenchusky and Chervlensky Cossacks.
• 1765 - Kabardians and Circassians attacked the Terek line and Kizlyar.
• 1767 - Terek Cossacks send deputies to Moscow to participate in the work on the development of a new Code. Cossacks Biyanin and Andreev are coming from Grebentsy, and from the Tersky Family Army of the Tatars.
• 1769 - participation of the Terek Cossacks (Mozdok, Grebentsy, and Tertsy) in actions against the Kabardians in the battle near the river. Ashkanon under the command of General Medem.
• 1770 - to strengthen the border between the Mozdok fortification and the Grebensky army, a decision was made to move half of the Volga regiment to the Terek and build 5 villages (Galyugaevskaya, Ishcherskaya, Naurskaya, Mekenskaya, Kalinovskaya). The stanitsa Stoderevskaya was created from the baptized Kalmyks. At the request of General Medem, "peaceful" Chechens "subordinate" to Russia are evicted from the mountains and begin to occupy land along the Sunzha and the right bank of the Terek in the former Cossack lands (modern Nadterechny district).
• 1771 - Emelyan Pugachev appears on the Terek. At first he was assigned to Dubovsky town, then to Kargalinsky.
• 1772 - arrest of Emelyan Pugachev on charges of turmoil by ataman Tatarintsev and his escape from the Mozdok prison to Yaik.
• 1774 - the heroic defense of the village of Naurskaya on June 10-11 under the leadership of Colonel Savelyev Ivan Dmitrievich from the 9000th detachment of highlanders, Turks and Cossacks-Old Believers of Nekrasov under the command of the Kalga Shabaz-Girey. A successful shot by the Cossack Pereporkh, the death of the Kalga's beloved nephew Shabaz Giray and the retreat of the enemy.
• 1776 - May 5 - Volga , Grebenskoye , Terskoe (-Kizlyarskoe) And (Terskoe-)Family cossack troops, Mozdok And Astrakhan Cossack regiments united into one Astrakhan Cossack army .
• 1777 - further strengthening of the cordon line (victory in the war with Turkey), construction of new villages: Yekateringradskaya, Pavlovskaya, Maryinskaya and Cossack settlements at the fortresses of Georgievskaya and Aleksandrovskaya at the expense of the second half of the Volga regiment.
• 1783 - the decision of Prince G. A. Potemkin on the construction of the fortress of Vladikavkaz.
• 1784 - On May 6, the construction of the Vladikavkaz fortress on the eve of the Darial Gorge - a key point of the road leading to Transcaucasia - was also dictated by the conclusion of the St. George friendly treaty between Russia and Kartli-Kakhetia the day before.
• 1785 - The highlanders attacked Kizlyar under the leadership of Sheikh Mansur, the successful defense of the fortress by the Grebensky Cossacks under the leadership of Ataman Sekhin and Bekovich. Establishment of the Caucasian Viceroyalty from the Astrakhan and Caucasian provinces with the capital in the village of Ekaterinograd.
• 1786 - April 11 - Grebenskoye , (Terskoe-)Family , Volga And Terskoe (-Kizlyarskoe) Cossack troops and Mozdok Cossack regiment were separated from the Astrakhan army and, together with Khopersky Cossack regiment, received the name settled Caucasian Line Cossacks and transferring them to the command of the commander of the Georgian Corps.
• 1788 - Participation of the Terek Cossack army in the fighting near Anapa under the command of Tekelli.
• 1790 -Participation of the Terek Cossack army in the fighting near Anapa under the command of Bibikov.
• 1791 - Participation of the Terek Cossack army in the fighting near Anapa under the command of Gudovich.
• 1796 - From the baptized Kalmyks and the Saratov militia, the village of Stoderevskaya was created. Participation of Tertsev in the Persian campaign of Count Valerian Zubov.
• 1799 - Decree of Paul I on the comparison of army and Cossack ranks.

19th century

• 1802 - Beginning of the permanent service of the linear Cossacks in Transcaucasia.
• 1804 - Rulers with captains Surkov and Yegorov are distinguished near Erivan.
• 1806 - Plague on the Line.
• 1808 - two cavalry artillery companies were formed to reinforce the military Cossack force under the regiments.
• 1809 - Accession of the Ingush to Russia and the beginning of their resettlement from the mountains to the plane.
• 1810 - April 2, the battle of Chervlensky foreman Frolov with the Chechens.
• 1817 - the beginning of the Caucasian War. The fortification Barrier camp was built on the site of the Orstkhoy aul Enakhishka, then the village of Mikhailovskaya (modern Sernovodsk).
• 1812 - foundation of Pyatigorsk.
• 1814 - plague on the Line.
• 1817 - Strengthening of the Nazran fortification by the construction of the Barrier Camp.
• 1818 - by order of the commander of the Separate Caucasian Corps, General of Infantry Alexei Petrovich Yermolov, the Groznaya fortress was founded. She blocked the Chechen highlanders from entering the plain through the Khankala Gorge. The fortress was part of the so-called Sunzha fortified line. Mikhail Lermontov and Count Leo Tolstoy served here. By 1870 it had lost its strategic importance and was transformed into a district town of the Terek region.
• 1819 - General A.P. Yermolov, taking advantage of the tense military situation in the North Caucasus, canceled the elective positions of the military ataman, captain, bannerman and clerk in the Grebensky army. Captain E. P. Efimovich was appointed commander of the troops that received the regiment's device. “From that time, a real turning point in the rights and way of life of the Grebensky Cossacks begins.” Construction of the fortress Sudden.
• 1822 - The Caucasian province is renamed into the region, the management of which is entrusted to the Commander of the Line troops.
• 1824 - formation of the Gorsky Regiment from new villages: Lukovskaya, Yekateringradskaya, Chernoyarskaya, Novoossetinskaya, Pavlodolskaya, Approximate, Prokhladnaya, Soldierskaya. The beginning of the uprising in Chechnya led by Kazi-Mulla.
• 1825 - the height and defeat of the uprising. The death of Grekov and Lisanovich.
• 1826-1828 - participation of the Terek, Grebensky and Mozdok Cossacks in the Russian-Iranian war. Feats in battles: June 19 with delibashi, June 21 near Kars (esaul Zubkov), August 15, 1828 near Akhaltsikhe (again Zubkov) and June 20, 1829 at Milli-Dyuz (Venerovsky and Atarshchikov), etc. August 15, 1826 Chechen attack for 2 Cossacks of the village of Mekenskaya on the river. Terek.
• 1829 - construction of the villages: State and Kursk.
• 1831 - the form of the Circassian sample was established.
• 1832 - for the feats shown in the fight against the enemy, a team of the Life Guards of the Caucasian linear Cossacks was assigned to His Imperial Majesty's Own convoy from the Assembled Line Regiment. Renaming the Grebensky, Terek-Family, Volga and Terek-Kizlyar troops into the Grebensky, Tersky, Volga and Kizlyar regiments. Appointment of the first chieftain-general-lieutenant Verzilin P. S. On August 19, the battle of the Grebensky Cossacks with the Kazi-Mulla detachment near Shavdan-Yurt (the death of Colonel Volzhensky).
• 1836 - Terek and Kizlyar regiments were merged into one Family Kizlyar regiment.
• 1837 - Appointment of Lieutenant General S. S. Nikolaev as the Chief Ataman. To protect the road to Georgia, the construction of new villages: Prishibskaya, Kotlyarevskaya, Aleksandrovskaya, Urukhskaya, Zmeiskaya, Nikolaevskaya, Ardonskaya and Arkhonskaya.
• 1841 - Battle on January 9, Grebentsov, under the command of the commander of the Grebensky regiment, Major Venerovsky, with a detachment of Chechens in the Shchedrin forest.
• 1842 - The Vladikavkaz regiment was assigned to the line army.
• 1844 - the foundation of the Petrovsky fortification (modern Makhachkala).
• 1845 - construction of a new cordon line along the Sunzha River began. A large number of new villages appeared - Vladikavkaz, Novo-Sunzhenskaya, Aki-Yurtovskaya, Field Marshal's, Terskaya, Karabulakskaya, Troitskaya, Mikhailovskaya and others. From the Cossacks of these villages, the 1st Sunzhensky and 2nd Vladikavkaz Cossack regiments were formed. And from the Cossack villages of Samashki, Zakan-Yurt, Alkhan-Yurt, Grozny, Petropavlovsk, Dzhalkinskaya, Umakhan-Yurt and Goryachevodskaya, the 2nd Sunzhensky regiment was formed. The first "Regulations on the Caucasian linear Cossack army" was approved, which regulated the order of command and service in the army. Participation of the Terek Cossacks in the Dargin campaign of Count Vorontsov ("Sukharnaya expedition").
• 1846 - Fight May 24 Grebensky Cossacks under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Suslov and military foreman Kamkov near Ak-Bulat-Yurt with detachments of highlanders.
• 1849 - Participation of the Consolidated Linear Cossack Division with Prince Paskevich in the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution. A new chief ataman of the lineians was appointed, Major General F. A. Krukovskoy.
• 1851 - December 10, the death of Lieutenant General N. P. Sleptsov in a battle near the village of Gekhi
• 1852 - Major General Prince G. R. Eristov, Chieftain of the Lineians, was appointed.
• 1853-1856 Eastern Allied War. Participation of linemen in battles.
• 1856 - the service life of linemen was reduced from 30 years to 25 of which 22 years in the field and 3 years in the interior
• 1859 - with the fall of Gunib and the capture of Imam Shamil, a turning point occurred in the Caucasian War, and the resistance of the highlanders was mostly suppressed. A year later, the Vladikavkaz, Mozdok, Kizlyar, Grebensky and two Sunzhensky regiments were awarded St. George's banners "For military exploits against the recalcitrant highlanders."
• 1860 - on the initiative of Adjutant General Prince A.N. Baryatinsky, the Caucasian line troops were divided into two parts - the Kuban and Terek regions.
• 1861 - The first chief ataman, Major General H. E. Popandopullo.
• 1864 - The final conquest of the Western Caucasus. Reducing the service life for the Caucasian Cossacks to 22 years, 15 years in the field and 7 years in the interior.
• 1882 - The charter on military service of the Don army was applied to the Terek Cossack army without any changes.
• 1890 - for the Terek Cossack Army, the day of the military holiday was established - August 25 (September 7, according to a new style), the day of the Apostle Bartholomew, the patron saint of the Army.

20th century

• 1914 - The Terek Cossack army in full force went to the front. Additionally formed during the war: 2nd and 3rd Kizlyar-Grebensky, 2nd and 3rd Gorsko-Mozdok, 2nd and 3rd Volga, 2nd and 3rd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz regiments, 3 -I Terek Cossack horse-mountain and 4th Terek Cossack plastun batteries, 1st and 2nd Terek plastun battalions and management of the 1st Terek preferential Cossack division.
• On March 27 (April 9), 1917, a deputy of the IV Duma, a member of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma, M. A. Karaulov, was elected Ataman of the Terek Cossack Army by the Military Circle (Killed during a soldier's revolt on December 26, 1917).
• November 11 (24) - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On the destruction of estates and civil ranks." It was this normative document of the Soviet power in the conditions of the struggle that became the legal basis for the struggle against the Cossacks.
• October-November 1917 - attacks by Chechen detachments on the city of Grozny and the village of Groznenskaya, which were repulsed. The attack of the Ingush detachments on the village of Feldmarshalskaya and its destruction.
• 1918 - Georgievsk, Nezlobnaya, Podgornaya, Maryinskaya, Burgustanskaya, Lukovskaya and other villages revolted in June after soldiers of the 39th Infantry Division stole grain and livestock from the Cossacks of Nezlobnaya, Podgornaya and Georgievsk. On June 23, the Cossack congress in Mozdok adopted a resolution on a complete break with the Bolsheviks. Colonels were appointed commanders of the fronts: Mozdoksky - Vdovenko, Kizlyarsky - Sekhin, Sunzhensky - Roshchupkin, Vladikavkaz - Sokolov, Pyatigorsky - Agoev.

In August, the Terek Cossacks and Ossetians captured Vladikavkaz, the Ingush, by their intervention, saved the Terek Council of Commissars, but at the same time brutally plundered the city, seized the State Bank and the Mint. On May 9, Soviet power was established on the Terek. By a special decree, all the military units that existed up to that time were declared disbanded, but the execution of the decree followed only in relation to the Cossack units, since at the same time, at the suggestion of the Bolshevik commissar of the war years, Butyrin, the meeting of the "mountain factions" of the People's Council decided to organize a consolidated detachment " to fight the counter-revolution."

The combined forces of the Ingush and the Red Army defeated 4 villages of the Sunzhenskaya line, which stood across the path between mountainous and flat Chechnya: Sunzhenskaya, Aki-Yurtovskaya, Tarskaya and Tarsky farm. The Cossacks (about 10 thousand people) of them were evicted without exception, and with the remnants of their property, unarmed, they pulled north without any definite prospects. They died and froze along the way, being again attacked and plundered by the highlanders.

• 1919 - January 24, a letter from the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) which spoke of the extermination of the Cossacks who took part in the struggle against Soviet power and the eviction of the Cossacks in the central regions of Russia. On March 16, 1919, the circular was suspended, but the terror machine gained momentum and continued on the ground.
• 1920 - On March 25, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree "On the construction of Soviet power in the Cossack regions", in the development of which representatives of the Cossack department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee also took part. The decree provided for the creation of authorities in the Cossack regions, provided for by the Constitution of the RSFSR and the regulation of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on rural and volost executive committees. The creation of councils of Cossack deputies was not provided for by these documents. Cossack villages and farms were administratively part of those provinces to which they adjoined territorially. They were led, respectively, by the local Soviets. Under the local Soviets, Cossack sections could be created that were of an agitational and informational nature. These measures abolished the remnants of self-government of the Cossacks.

October 14 - resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b): "On the agrarian issue, it is necessary to return to the highlanders of the North Caucasus the lands taken from them by the Great Russians at the expense of the kulak part of the Cossack population and instruct the Council of People's Commissars to immediately prepare an appropriate resolution." On October 30, the following villages were evicted to the Stavropol province: Ermolovskaya, Zakan-Yurtovskaya, Romanovskaya, Samashkinskaya, Mikhailovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Kokhanovskaya, and the land was placed at the disposal of the Chechens. In October, an anti-Soviet uprising was raised in the Cossack villages of Kalinovskaya and Yermolovskaya. Zakan-Yurt, Samashkinskaya and Mikhailovskaya. November 17 - the liquidation of the Terek region, at the congress of the peoples of the Terek region on that day the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed as part of the RSFSR, which included 5 mountain national districts and 4 Cossack national departments: Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Sunzha, Kizlyar, Chechen, Khasavyurt, Nazranovsky, Vladikavkaz, Nalchik. The creation of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was enshrined in a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 20, 1921.

• 1921 - March 27 (Modern Commemoration Day of the Terek Cossacks) 70 thousand Terek Cossacks were evicted from their homes during the day. 35 thousand of them were destroyed on the way to the railway station. Emboldened by impunity, the "highlanders" spared neither women, nor children, nor the elderly. And the families of “Red Ingush” and “Red Chechens” who descended from the mountain villages settled in the empty houses of the Cossack villages. On January 20, the Gorskaya ASSR consisted of the Kabardino-Balkarian, North Ossetian, Ingush, Sunzhensky Autonomous Okrugs, two independent cities of Grozny and Vladikavkaz. Part of the territory was transferred to the Terek province of the North Caucasus region (Mozdok department), and the other part became part of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Khasavyurt district) (Aukhov Chechens and Kumyks) and the Kizlyar department. According to the August report of the head of the provincial police, small “white-green” detachments were rallying into larger ones, “attacking individual citizens, farms, villages and even trains with greater audacity and cruelty. The Mozdok and Svyatokrestovsky districts, the villages of Lysogorskaya, often local "gangs"80. In October 1921, detachments of 1300 sabers with 15 machine guns operated on the Terek, including the largest: Khmara (350 people) and Suprunov (250 people) near Kislovodsk, Lavrov (200 people) and Ovchinnikov (250 people) from Mozdok to Kizlyar. A detachment of Bezzubov (140 people) concentrated near Stavropol. Frequent raids were made on the foothill villages. It is characteristic that Kabardians, Ossetians, and Stavropol peasants joined the Cossack core of the rebels. The authorities took tough measures. A combined detachment was transferred to the Terek Apanasenko as part of the 1st Cavalry Army.Cooperation of local authorities with the neighboring Kalmyk autonomy has been established.Self-defense detachments have been created in villages and villages. These factors, coupled with increasing hunger, had an effect. The detachments disintegrated and more and more often turned to criminal actions. A voluntary turnout of rebels in captivity unfolded. By the beginning of 1922, 520 "white-green" with 6 machine guns remained in the Terek region, and half as many in Stavropol.

• 1922 - On November 16, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Kizlyar department of the TKV was transferred to Dagestan.
• 1923 - On January 4, the borders of the Chechen Autonomous Region, which seceded from the Gorskaya ASSR, were determined. The Chechens were given the lands occupied by the villages of Petropavlovskaya, Goryachevodskaya, Ilyinskaya, Pervomaiskaya and the Sarakhtinsky farm of the Sunzhensky district. At the same time, it was decided to transfer the city of Grozny - founded by Yermolov, built on the site of the Grebensky settlements of the 15th century, to Chechnya. The Chechen Autonomous Okrug included 6 districts (Gudermes, Shalinsky, Vedensky, Nadterechny, Urus-Martanovsky, Sunzhensky (Novochechensky) and one district - Petropavlovsky.
• 1924 - friction between the evicted Terek Cossacks and the Ingush in the city of Vladikavkaz. Decree of the Commission of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) on the results of a survey of Soviet work in the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: "Instruct the Gortsik to consider the complaints of the Ingush about the actions of the Cossacks who settled in Vladikavkaz, evicted from the Sunzha villages and relocate them to areas where the possibility of friction is excluded."
• 1927 - The North Caucasian region (the main grain base of the USSR) did not fulfill the plan for grain procurement for state needs. This was seen as sabotage. Special detachments confiscated all the grain that could be found in the Terek villages, dooming the population to starvation and disruption of sowing work. Many Cossacks were convicted "for profiteering in bread." The Soviet government could not put up with a situation where its existence depended on the goodwill of wealthy Cossacks.

A way out was found in the conduct of collectivization and the inclusion of the North Caucasian Territory in the zone of continuous collectivization. All those who resisted joining the collective farms were declared enemies of Soviet power and kulaks. From the end of the 1920s, forced deportations from the North Caucasus to remote regions of the country began.

• 1928 - Chechen attack on the Cossacks st. Naurskaya during harvesting, 1 Terek Cossack was killed.
• 1929 - at the beginning of the year, the Sunzhensky district and the city of Grozny entered the Chechen Autonomous Okrug. February 11, 1929 Novochechensky district was included in the Sunzhensky district. The district included villages: Sleptsovskaya, Troitskaya, Karabulakskaya, Nesterevskaya, Voznesenskaya, Assinovskaya; farms: Davydenko, Akki-yurt (village of Chkalovo-Malgobek district), Chemulga; auls: (from the Novochechensk district) Achkhoy-Martanovsky, Aslanbekovsky (modern Sernovodsky) and Samashkinsky. Grozny became the center of the region. The following districts were now part of the Chechen Autonomous Okrug: Sunzhensky, Urus-Martanovsky, Shalinsky, Gudermessky, Nozhai-Yurtovsky, Vedensky, Shatoysky, Itum-Kalinsky, Galanchozhsky, Nadterechny, Petropavlovsky.

The city of Vladikavkaz has traditionally remained the administrative center of two autonomous regions: North Ossetian and Ingush.

The Ingush Autonomous Okrug initially consisted of 4 districts: Prigorodny, Galashkinsky, Psedakhsky and Nazranovsky. Arbitrariness in the administrative division of Chechnya continued.

• September 30, 1931 - districts were renamed districts.
• January 15, 1934 - The Chechen and Ingush Autonomous Regions were merged into the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Okrug with the center in the city of Grozny.
• December 25, 1936 - CHIAO was transformed into the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - CHIASSR.
• March 13, 1937 - Kizlyarsky district and Achikulaksky district are withdrawn from the DASSR and included in the newly formed Ordzhonikidzevsky region (January 2, 1943 renamed Stavropolsky).
• 1944 - On February 23, Chechens and Ingush were deported to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. On March 7, the abolition of the CHIASSR and the formation of the Grozny District as part of the Stavropol Territory were announced. On March 22, Grozny Oblast was formed as part of the RSFSR. Parts of the territory of the former CHIASSR were transferred to the Georgian SSR, SOASSR, Dag. ASSR. From Doug. The ASSR and the Stavropol Territory part of the steppe lands were transferred to the Grozny region.
• 1941-1945 - another split of the Terek Cossacks into opposing sides. Part fought with the Red Army, and part on the side of the Wehrmacht. In May-June 1945, in the Austrian city of Lienz, thousands of Cossacks with their families, including children, the elderly, and women, were extradited by the British to the NKVD.
• 1957 - On January 9, the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was restored by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR No. 721 of February 6, 1957 in connection with the formation of the CHIASSR and the return of the repressed peoples to their former place of residence (this did not affect the Cossacks; the Kizlyar region without the Cossack left bank, that is, , which had been the Kizlyar-family army since 1735, was again transferred to Dagestan, however, part of the Prigorodny district remained part of the SOASSR. and Lenin-aul, Kalinin-aul of the Kazbekovsky district of the DagASSR). "Temporarily" Gilna (Gviletia) was included in the Georgian SSR. A number of mountainous regions of the republic were closed for living. Tens of thousands of Chechens and Ingush were deprived of the opportunity to return to their native villages and homes Mountain Chechens were settled mainly in the Sunzhensky, Naursky and Shelkovskaya districts. The Ingush, who did not have the opportunity to return to the Prigorodny district, were forced to settle in the villages and villages of the Sunzhensky, Malgobek district, the city of Grozny, etc. The Aukh Chechens were forced to settle in other villages of Khasavyurt, Kizilyurt and Babayurt districts of the DagASSR.
• 1958 - On the evening of August 23, 1958, in the suburbs of Grozny, the village of Chernorechye, where workers and employees of the Grozny chemical plant mainly lived, the Chechen Lulu Malsagov, while intoxicated, started a fight with a Russian guy Vladimir Korotchev and stabbed him in the stomach. A little later, Malsagov, along with other Chechens, met Yevgeny Stepashin, a factory worker who had just been demobilized from the army, and stabbed him several times. Stepashin's wounds turned out to be fatal, but Korotchev was saved.

Rumors about the murder of a twenty-two-year-old Russian guy quickly spread among the workers of the plant and the residents of Grozny. Despite the fact that the killer and his accomplices were immediately detained by the police, the public reaction was unusually violent, especially among young people. Demands for severe punishment of the murderers began to be heard.

August 26-28 - riots in the city of Grozny, in which Terek Cossacks took part in connection with another murder by Chechens in the village of Chernorechye Stepashin, a 23-year-old worker of a chemical plant. There was no Soviet power in Grozny for 3 days. The building of the regional committee was destroyed. The crowd attacked the "bosses" in the basement, beat them and tore off their clothes. Grozny residents seized the buildings of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB. Under red banners, they broke into the telephone exchange. An engineer from Gudermes spoke to Khrushchev's reception at the Central Committee, demanding that the Chechens be curbed - "considering the manifestation (on their part) of the brutal attitude towards the peoples of other nationalities, expressed in massacre, murder, rape and bullying." The troops that entered Grozny suppressed this "Russian uprising"; 57 people were arrested and convicted. The indulgence of Chechen extremism continued until the 1990s, when it was the Russian and Cossack population of Chechnya that became the first victim of the Dudayev regime.

• 1959 - August 22 - a group fight between the Terek Cossacks and the petty bourgeois who supported the Russian peasants with the Chechens in the city of Gudermes. About 100 people participated, 9 received bodily injuries, 2 of them were severe. It was possible to stop the clash only with the help of the military personnel of the local garrison.

• 1961 - a clash in the village of Mekenskaya between Chechen settlers from Shatoi and the Cossacks. By decision of the council of elders of the Cossacks-Old Believers, Chechens are not allowed to live in the village. Chechens settled in the village of Naurskaya. Until the beginning of the 1990s, the only settlement in the CHIASSR where Chechens did not live en masse.
• 1962 - a clash in the House of Culture of the Cossacks of the village of Karabulakskaya with the Ingush. 16 Ingush and 3 Cossacks were killed.
• 1963 - a clash in the House of Culture at the meeting of the New Year of the Cossacks of the village of Naurskaya with the Chechens. The Christmas tree was knocked down, Cossacks and Chechens were injured.
• 1964 - April 18 - riots in the city of Stavropol: the Terek Cossacks and the peasants and philistines who supported them, numbering about 700 people, tried to release the "unfairly" detained drunken Terek Cossack. The building of the police station was vandalized, a policeman was beaten up and a patrol car was set on fire. Soldiers' patrols were brought into the city, the instigators were arrested.

• 1979 - summer: clashes in the village. Chernokozovo between the Cossacks Art. Mekenskaya and Chechens of the village of Naurskaya, who were supported by the Cossacks of Art. Naurskaya. There were wounded on both sides.

Clashes between the Chechens of the village of Savelyevskaya and the Cossacks of the village of Kalinovskaya, wounded on both sides.

• 1981 - riots in which Terek Cossacks took part in the city of Ordzhinikidze (modern Vladikavkaz) in connection with another murder of an Ossetian taxi driver by the Ingush.
• 1990 - On March 23-24, the Small (Constituent) Circle of the Terek Cossacks was held at the Vladikavkaz Republican Palace of Pioneers, at which its restoration was proclaimed.

The city of Ordzhonikidze (Vladikavkaz) became the capital of the army. Vasily Konyakhin was elected ataman of the TKV. The leadership of the Terek Cossack Army in Vladikavkaz has unequivocally chosen a "red" political orientation. The founding Small Circle on March 23-24, 1990 was held under the motto: "Terek Cossacks - for the Great October, for the renewal of society, for friendship between peoples." In May, the Sunzhensky and Tersko-Grebensky departments were established in Checheno-Ingushetia, in June - the Mozdok department in North Ossetia, in August - the Tersko-Malkinsky department in Kabardino-Balkaria, in October 1990 - the Naursky department in Checheno-Ingushetia.

• 1991 - On March 23, in the village of Troitskaya, a group of 7 Ingush people killed an 11th grade student V. Tipailov, who was trying to protect two Cossack women from violence. On April 7 (On Easter Day) of the same year, in the village of Karabulak, A. I. Podkolzin, the ataman of the Sunzha department of the Terek army, was killed by the Ingush Batyrov. On April 27, in the village of Troitskaya, a group of Ingush Albakov, Khashagulgov, Tokhov, Mashtagov provoked a fight at a Cossack wedding. After that, the next day, having taken their women and children out of the village, Ingush extremists from various settlements of Ingushetia made an armed attack on the defenseless Cossack population. 5 Cossacks were killed, 53 were injured and severely beaten, 4 houses were burned, several cars were burned, many houses were damaged. For 10 hours, the village of Troitskaya was in the hands of brutal rioters. Three days before the raid, a joint group of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB of the republic worked in the village, which seized all the weapons (hunting rifles) from the Cossacks.

• 1992 - participation of the Terek Cossacks on the side of the Ossetians in the Ossetian-Ingush conflict over the Prigorodny district. The beginning of Chechen attacks on the villages of the departments of Sunzha (modern Sunzhensky district), Mozdok (modern Naur district), Kizlyar (modern Shelkovskaya district).
• 1993 - On March 27, at the Great Circle, ataman V. Konyakhin resigned, and deputy commander of a motorized rifle regiment, hereditary Sunzha Cossack Alexander Starodubtsev, was elected in his place.
• 1994 - on December 23, the death of Ataman A. Starodubtsev, he was replaced by V. Sizov. The beginning of the fighting of the Terek Cossacks with the support of federal forces in the Chechen Republic against the armed formations of Dzhokhar Dudayev, the beginning of regular attacks by Kabardians on the village of Soldatskaya.
• 1995 - in October, Major General Viktor Shevtsov was elected ataman of the TKV.
• 1996 - December 13-14, an Emergency Circle of the TKV was held in Mineralnye Vody, which demanded an end to the persecution of Cossacks for possession of weapons, separation from Chechnya of the "historical Cossack" Naursky and Shelkovsky regions and their inclusion in the Stavropol Territory, as well as entering into these areas of the Cossack battalions. At the same time, about 700 Cossacks blocked the railway track and the entrance of passengers to the terminal building for several hours. On December 27, a meeting of atamans of the Cossack troops of the South of Russia was held in Pyatigorsk, which supported the demands of the TKV to the President in an ultimatum form.

Particularly irreconcilable positions in relation to the authorities were taken by the Pyatigorsk department of the TKV, associated with the RNU, headed by ataman Yuri Churekov. Churekov took part in the meeting of chieftains of the Center and South of Russia on January 30, 1996, at which a resolution was adopted calling for the abolition of the Main Directorate of Cossack Troops under the President of the Russian Federation. Five Cossacks of the Pyatigorsk department of the TKV from the village of Stoderevskaya were convicted in 1996 for the murder of an investigator and a district policeman. In February 1997, at the RNU congress, Yu. Churekov presented Alexander Barkashov with an inlaid checker on behalf of the Cossacks. By order of Shevtsov, the rebellious Pyatigorsk department was liquidated, and the united Pyatigorsk department of the TKV was created, which also included 5 more districts of the Stavropol Territory. By order of Shevtsov, Major General Alexander Cherevashchenko became the ataman of the united department. Participation of the Terek Cossacks in the fighting on the territory of the Chechen Republic as part of a motorized rifle battalion named after General Yermolov.

• 1997 - The captures of the Terek Cossacks began on April 20 in the village of Mekenskaya, Naursky district.
• 1999 - On October 7, a resident of the village of Mekenskaya, Adil Ibragimov, shot 42 Cossacks and Cossacks of this village. A few days earlier, he had slaughtered the Allenov family in the village of Alpatovo. Chechens, residents of the Naursky district, by decision of the council of elders, carried out lynching, slaughtering Adil Ibragimov in the central square of the village of Naurskaya with iron rods to death.

XXI Century

• 2000-2001 participation of the Terek Cossacks in the fighting on the territory of the Chechen Republic as part of a special forces detachment.
• 2003, January - the ataman of the village of Ishcherskaya, Nikolai Lozhkin, was killed. September In the village of Chervlenaya, on Monday night, armed raiders killed the chieftain of the Terek-Grebensky department of the Terek Cossack army, Yesaul Mikhail Senchikov. According to the Terek troops based in Stavropol, the masked raiders broke into Mikhail Senchikov's house, took him out into the yard and shot him point-blank with automatic weapons. The criminals managed to escape.
• 2007, February - the murder of Andrey Khanin, ataman of the Lower Kuban Cossack department of the Stavropol Cossack district of the Terek Cossack army.
• July 2, 2008 - a clash between the Cossacks of the villages of Kotlyarevskaya and Prishibskaya in the village of Prishibskaya (modern Maysky) with the Kabardians. August participation of the Cossacks in the operation to force Georgia to peace.
• 2009 - February 8 - Kabardian attack on the village of Kotlyarevskaya.
• 2010-April 22, Pyotr Statsenko, chieftain of the Cossack society of the Kizlyar district of Dagestan, was killed in the Krasny Voskhod farm.

Military units

• 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky General Yermolov Regiment. Seniority - 1577 Regimental holiday - 25 August. Dislocation - Grozny, Terek region (07/01/1903, 02/01/1913, 04/01/1914). 1881.3.8. George.skirt.banner arr.1883. The cloth and border are light blue, the embroidery is silver. The pommel arr.1867 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." "1577-1877". The icon is unknown. Alexander.jub.ribbon "1881". Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 2nd Kizlyar-Grebensky Regiment.1881.3.8. George.skirt.banner arr.1883. The cloth and border are light blue, the embroidery is silver. The pommel arr.1867 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." "1577-1877". The icon is unknown. Alexander.jub.ribbon "1881". Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 3rd Kizlyar-Grebensky Regiment.1881.3.8. For distinction, skirt banner arr. 1883. The cloth and border are light blue, the embroidery is silver. The pommel arr.1867 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For distinction / in the Turkish / war for the good / against / against / Gortsev in 1828 and / 1829 / and for the capture of Andy and / Dargo in 1845." "1577-1877". The icon is unknown. Alexander.jub.ribbon "1881". Good condition. Fate is unknown.

Subordinate to the ataman of the TKV.

• 1st Volga Regiment of His Imperial Highness the Heir Tsesarevich. Seniority - 1732. Regimental holiday - August 25. Dislocation - Khotin, Bessarabian province. (07/01/1903), Kamenetz-Podolsk (02/01/1913, 04/01/1914). In 1831, the regiment received the St. George banner. In 1860, another St. George banner was granted. The regiment had the St. George banner for the pacification of the Eastern and Western Caucasus. 1865.20.7. George banner arr. 1857. Light blue cross, silver embroidery. The pommel arr.1806 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For excellent, diligent / service and for distinction / in the conquest of the Eastern and / Western Caucasus." Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 2nd Volga Regiment. The regiment received the St. George Banner for the Caucasian War and the pacification of the Eastern and Western Caucasus (by that time it already had a banner for the wars with Turkey and Persia in 1828-1829). In 1860, the St. George banner was granted. 1865.20.7. George banner arr. 1857. Light blue cross, silver embroidery. The pommel arr.1806 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For distinction / in the Turkish war / and for the former / against Gortsev / in 1828 and 1829 and / for distinction during / the conquest of the Eastern / and Western Caucasus." Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 3rd Volga Regiment. The regiment received an inscription on the banner for the Caucasian War (already had a banner for the wars with Turkey and Persia in 1828-1829). 1851.25.6. Banner for distinction arr. 1831. The cloth is dark green, the medallions are red, the embroidery is gold. Pommel arr. 1816 (Arm.). Wood black. "For / excellent / diligent / service." The condition is satisfactory.

• 1st Gorsko-Mozdok General Krukovsky Regiment. Seniority - 1732. Regimental holiday - August 25. Dislocation - m. Olty, Kars region. (02/01/1913). The regiment had the St. George banner for the Caucasian war. 1860.3.3. George banner. The drawing is unknown. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." Good condition. Fate is unknown.

Church of the 1st Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment Tersk. kaz. troops in honor of St. Blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky. Patronal feast day 30 August. Camping (at the regiment) church was founded in 1882. The church is located on the outskirts of the city of Olta, at the location of the regimental barracks. It was built on public funds in the manner of military churches; consecrated December 17, 1909. It is 35 arsh long and 18 arsh wide. According to the staff, the church is assigned: one priest.

• 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment. The regiment had the St. George banner for the Caucasian war. 1860.3.3. George banner. The drawing is unknown. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." Good condition. Fate is unknown.
• 3rd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment. The regiment had an inscription on the flag for the Caucasian War (before that it already had a banner for the wars with Turkey and Persia in 1828-1829). 1831.21.9. Banner for distinction arr. 1831. The cloth is dark blue, the medallions are red, the embroidery is gold. Pommel sample 1806 (George) silvered. Wood black. "For distinction in the Turkish / war and for the good / former against the Highlanders / in 1828 and 1829". The condition is bad. Fate is unknown.

• 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz regiment of General Sleptsov. Seniority - 1832 Regimental holiday - 25 August. Dislocation - ur. Khan-Kendy, Elisavetgrad province. (July 1, 1903, February 1, 1913, April 1, 1914). 1860.3.3. George banner. The drawing is unknown. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." Good condition. Fate is unknown. Church of the 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment Ter. kaz. troops in memory of the Transfiguration of the Lord. Patronal feast day 6 August. The camping (at the shelf) church has existed since 1894.

The regimental church is located in the center of the uroch. Khan-Kendy. It was founded by the 16th Mingrelian Grenadier Regiment during its stay here in 1864 and consecrated in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord on February 9, 1868. After the Mingrelian Regiment left in 1877 from the tract. Khan-Kendy, the church was under the jurisdiction of the 2nd Foot Plastun Battalion until 1896, and from that time until now it has been under the jurisdiction of the 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment. The building of the church is stone, in the form of a cross, in connection with the bell tower. Accommodates up to 1000 people. According to the staff, the church is assigned: one priest.

• 2nd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment. In the reign of Alexander II, the regiment was rewarded with a simple banner and the St. George standard. 1878.13.10. George standard arr. 1875. Light blue squares, silver embroidery. The pommel arr.1867 (G.Arm.) silvered. The shaft is dark green with silver grooves. "For the distance / 6th July / 1877 / of the year." Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 3rd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment.1860.3.3. George banner. The drawing is unknown. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." Good condition. Fate is unknown.

At the beginning of the Great War, the TKV regiments were commanded by:

• 1st Kizlyar-Grebenskoy- Colonel A. G. Rybalchenko
• 2nd Kizlyar-Grebenskoy- Colonel D. M. Sekhin
• 3rd Kizlyar-Grebenskaya- Colonel F. M. Urchukin
• 1st Gorsko-Mozdok- Colonel A.P. Kulebyakin
• 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok- Colonel I. N. Kolesnikov
• 3rd Gorsko-Mozdok- military foreman I. Lepilkin
• 1st Volga Colonel- Ya. F. Patsapay
• 2nd Volga Colonel- N. V. Sklyarov
• 3rd Volga Colonel- A. D. Tuskaev
• 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz- Colonel S. I. Zemtsev
• 2nd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz- Colonel E. A. Mistulov
• 3rd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz- Colonel A. Gladilin

• Terek local teams
• Terek Cossack Artillery:
  • 1st Terek Cossack Battery
  • 2nd Terek Cossack Battery
• His Imperial Majesty's Own Escort 3 and 4 hundreds. Seniority 10/12/1832, the general holiday of the convoy - October 4, the day of St. Erofey.

Dislocation - Tsarskoye Selo (1.02.1913). The bulk of the ranks of the Convoy (including officers) shaved their heads. The general color of the horses is bay (grey for trumpeters). 1867.26.11. St. George standard arr. 1857 (Guards). The cloth is yellow, the squares are red, the embroidery is silver. Pommel sample 1875 (George Guards) silvered. The shaft is dark green with silver grooves. "FOR EXCELLENT / BATTLE SERVICE / TERSK KAZACHIAGO / TROOPS". Good condition. The standard was taken abroad during the Civil War, now it is in the Life-Cossack Museum near Paris.

Villages of the Terek Cossacks

By 1917, the territory of the Terek Cossacks consisted of regimental departments: Pyatigorsk, Kizlyar, Sunzha, Mozdok, and the mountainous part was divided into districts: Nalchik, Vladikavkaz, Vedensky, Groznensky, Nazranovsky and Khasav-Yurtovsky. The regional center is in Vladikavkaz, the centers of departments are in Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Kizlyar and the village of Starosunzhenskaya.

Terek Cossack. Postcard of the French emigrant edition from the Army of Russia series (Terek Cossack Host. 1st Volga Regiment)

Kizlyar department

• Alexandria near the village had 20 farms.
• Alexandro-Nevskaya near the village had 3 farms.
• Dubovskaya - (Pugachev, Emelyan Ivanovich - was assigned to this village for some time) the village had 4 farms.
• Borozdinovskaya near the village had 9 farms.
• Kargalinskaya (aka Karginskaya) - (Pugachev, Emelyan Ivanovich - was assigned to the village, then was chosen as the ataman of the Tersky Family Host, then arrested by the supporters of the former ataman and sent to Mozdok) there were 3 farms near the village.
• Kurdyukovskaya near the village had 3 farms.
• Starogladovskaya (Count L. N. Tolstoy lived in the 19th century, the house has been preserved) there were 3 farms near the village.
• Grebenskaya near the village there were 3 farms.
• Shelkovskaya near the village was 1 farm.
• Staroshchedrinskaya near the village had 7 farms.
• Chervlennaya (M. Yu. Lermontov, L. N. Tolstoy, Dumas lived in the 19th century) there were 8 farms near the village.
• Nikolaevskaya village had 8 farms.

Mozdok department

• Kalinovskaya near the village had 29 farms.

• Groznenskaya (included in the city of Grozny) near the village there was 1 farm (Mamakaevsky) (modern Pervomaiskaya village)
• Baryatinskaya (modern Goryacheistochninskaya) there was 1 farm near the village.
• Kakhanovskaya (originally Umakhanyurtovskaya) - destroyed in 1917
• Romanovskaya (modern Zakan-Yurt) (originally Zakanyurtovskaya)
• Samashkinskaya, modern Samashki
• Mikhailovskaya Sernovodskoye
• Sleptsovskaya (former Sunzhenskaya), modern. Ordzhonikidzevskaya
• Karabulak (modern city of Karabulak)
• Voznesenskaya (originally Magomedyurtovskaya)
• Sunzhenskaya (Sunzha)
• Kambileevskaya (October)
• Kambileevskaya (abolished)
• Nikolaevskaya
• Ardonskaya (modern Ardon), Ardonsky farm (modern Michurino village)
• Tarskaya (Tarskoe)

Pyatigorsk department

• Alexandria
• Bekeshevskaya
• Georgievskaya
• Goryachevodskaya
• State (modern Soviet)
• Yekateringradskaya
• Essentuki
• Kislovodsk
• Kursk
• Lysogorskaya
• Gentle
• Podgornaya
• approximate
• Cool
• Novopavlovskaya
• Gentle
• Staropavlovskaya
• Soldier's

Some prominent Terek Cossacks

• Vdovenko, Gerasim Andreevich(-) - major general (1917). Lieutenant General (03/13/1919). Ataman of the Terek Cossack army (01.191. Member of the First World War: from 02.1917 commander of the 3rd Volga regiment of the Terek Cossack army, 1914-1917. Elected by the Terek circle as ataman of the Terek Cossack army (01.191. In the White movement: 06.1918 participated in the Terek uprising. Ataman of Terek Commander of the Terek Cossack troops in the Volunteer Army of Denikin and the Russian Army of Wrangel, 01.1918-11.1920. Signed on 07.22.1920 with other atamans of the Cossack troops an agreement with General Wrangel on the status of the Cossack troops and their support for the Russian army. Evacuated from Crimea (11.1920). In emigration, 11.1920-06.1945.Refused to retreat from Belgrade with the German troops.Killed without trial or investigation by agents of the NKVD.

• Agoev, Konstantin Konstantinovich - Major General (04/05/1889, the village of Novo-Osetinskaya, Terek region - 04/31/1971, buried in the cemetery of Jacksonville, New Jersey, USA), Ossetian, son of a constable. He graduated from the Real School of the Prince of Oldenburg and the Nikolaev Cavalry. student (1909, awarded the 1st prize for riding and listed on a marble plaque, graduated from the 1st category as a junker belt) - entered the 1st Volga Regiment of the Terek Cossack Host. In 1912 he graduated with honors from the District Gymnastics and Fencing Courses of the Kyiv Military District, and then from the Main Gymnastics and Fencing School in Petrograd, since 1914 he was a fencing instructor at the school. As a centurion, he took part in both All-Russian Olympiads: the First - in Kiev and the Second - in Riga, where he received the first prize for fighting on bayonets and the third - for fighting on espadrons. He was seriously wounded in the Carpathians by two bullets: in the chest and in the right forearm (09.14). George weapon. Esaul (08.15). Commander of a hundred of the Volga Cossack regiment (06.15 - 11.17). Ord. St. Anne with the inscription "For Courage", ord. St. Stanislaus 3rd Art. with sword and bows. Ord. St. Anne 3rd Art. with swords and bow. Ord. St. Stanislaus 2nd class with swords. In May 1915, he transferred to the 2nd Volga Regiment. Commanding a hundred, in a battle under the village. Darahov, under enemy fire, led her on the attack before hitting checkers and was the first to crash into the chains of the Austrians. One of the machine guns of the pr-ka was personally taken by the commander of the hundred, the lieutenant Agoev. Ord. St. George 4th class (11/18/1915). October 26, 1916 in Transylvania in the battle near the village. Gelbor was wounded by a bullet in the left thigh with crushing of the bone; awarded the Order of St. Anna 2 st. with swords. Military foreman (1917). In June 1918 he was appointed head of the cavalry of the Pyatigorsk line, and then BP. leader of this line. In November 1918, with a detachment of the Pyatigorsk line, he arrived at the connection with the Volunteer Army in the Kuban region, was appointed commander of the 1st Terek Cossack regiment, renamed colonel. In battles under Art. Suvorovskaya November 16 wounded in the left hand. After recovering, he returned to the regiment, soon assumed temporary command of the 1st Terek Cossack division, then was appointed head of the division. Since November 1920 on the island of Lemnos, then in Bulgaria. In 1922 he was exiled by the government of Stamboliisky to Constantinople. In 1923 he returned to Bulgaria, where he lived until 1930, remaining in the position of the Terek-Astrakhan Kaz. shelf. In 1930 he left for the USA, settled in the estate of William Cowgil in the Fairfield district (Connecticut), where he taught fencing and horseback riding. Then he moved to Stratford to Nursing Home.

• Kolesnikov, Ivan Nikiforovich(09/07/1862 - xx.01.1920 old style) - Cossack of the village of Ishcherskaya TerKV. Educated at the Vladikavkaz progymnasium. He graduated from the Stavropol Cossack cadet school. Released by Khorunzhim (pr. 03.12.1880) in the 1st Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment TerKV. Commander of the 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment TerKV (since 07/12/1912), with whom he entered the world war. Time brigade commander of the 1st Terek Kaz. divisions (22.08.-06.12.1914). Commander of the 1st Zaporozhye Empress Catherine the Great Regiment KubKV (from 04/30/1915) in Persia in the detachment of Gen. Baratov; commander of the 1st brigade of the 5th Caucasian Cossack division (02/08/1916-1917). Major General (pr. 10/22/1916). Commander of the 1st Kuban Kaz. division (from 09/26/1917). Commander of the 3rd Kuban Kaz. divisions (since 12.1917). Member of the White movement in southern Russia. From 03/04/1918 in the Volunteer Army. From 09/25/1918 to 01/22/1919 in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief of the All-Union Socialist League; arrived from Stavropol in the Terek region. and from the middle of 11.1918 he commanded the rebellious Cossacks in the Terek region, from 04/07/1919 the head of the 4th Terek Cossack division, from 06.-10.1919 the head of the Grozny detachment of the North Caucasus Troops, then the head of the 1st Terek Cossack division, from 03.12.1919 the head of 2 th Terek Cossack division. He died of illness at 01.1920. Awards: St. George weapon (VP 02/24/1915); Order of St. George 4th class (VP 05/23/1916).

• Staritsky, Vladimir Ivanovich(06/19/1885 - 05/16/1975, Dorchester, USA, buried in the cemetery in Novo Diveevo) - Major General (09.1920), Cossack of the village of Mekenskaya. He graduated from the Astrakhan real school and the Kiev military school (1906) - he joined the 1st Volga regiment. He graduated from the telegraph and demolition course at the 3rd railway battalion and the course of weapons and shooting at the Cossack department of the Officers' Rifle School. great war He began with the rank of podsaul as commander of a hundred of the 2nd Volga Regiment. Then the assistant commander of the regiment. Ord. St. Vladimir 4th Art. with swords and bow. George weapon. Colonel RIA. Member of the Terek uprising (06.1918) - commander of the Zolsky detachment. Commander of the 1st Volga Regiment, Commander of the 1st Brigade of the 1st Terek Cossack Division of the All-Union Socialist Republic. During the evacuation to the Crimea, he remained in the Terek region, in June 1920 he joined General Fostikov's Russian Renaissance Army. Since September in the Crimea. In exile he lived in the KSHS, then in the USA. In the 1950s Chairman of the Commission for the Election of the Army Ataman. Member of the Board of the Union of Officials of the Russian Corps and Chairman of its New York Department. In 1973, both of his legs were amputated in Boston to prevent gangrene. Wife - Anna Ark. (d. 1963). Grandson.

• Litvizin, Mikhail Antonovich- centurion (d. 07/09/1986, Lakewood, New Jersey, in the 91st year), a Cossack of the village of Groznenskaya. After 1945, before moving to the USA, he lived in France. Chairman of the Union of Terek Cossacks in the USA.

• Karpushkin Viktor Vasilievich- cornet (d. 06/14/1996, South Lake Tahoe, California, in the 95th year), a Cossack of the village of Chervlenaya. In the 1930s - a member of the free-Cossack movement in Czechoslovakia. Daughter - Nina.

• Baratov, Nikolai Nikolaevich(02/01/1865 - 03/22/1932) - a native of the village of Vladikavkaz; cavalry general. During the Russo-Japanese War, he commanded the 1st Sunzha Cossack Regiment, and went to the front of the First World War as the head of the 1st Caucasian Cossack Division. With his regiments, he participated in the victorious battles near Sarykamysh and was awarded the Order of St. George 4 tbsp. In 1916, in order to strengthen the political position of Russia's allies, at the head of a separate expeditionary force, he made a demonstrative campaign into the depths of Persia. During the war for the Cossack Prize. gene. B., as an uncompromising supporter of cooperation with Denikin, was the ambassador to Georgia, and then the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of the South of Russia. Being an emigrant from 1920, he himself was disabled, until his death he remained the chairman of the Union of Russian military invalids. He died March 22, 1932 in Paris. He was buried in the Russian cemetery in Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

• Bicherakhov, Lazar Fedorovich(1882 - 06/22/1952) - Colonel (1917), Major General of Great Britain (09.1918). He graduated from the 1st real school in St. Petersburg and the Alekseevsky military school in Moscow. Member of the First World War: in the 1st Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment (1914-1915). In the Caucasian army on the Iranian front - the commander of the Terek Cossack detachment; subaul; 1915-1918. Withdrew (06.1918) to Anzali (now Iran), where he concluded (06.27.1918) with the British (General L. Densterville) an agreement on joint actions in the Caucasus. He landed (07/01/1918) his detachment in the village of Alyat (35 km from Baku) and announced his agreement to cooperate with the government (SNK) of the Baku Commune (Bolsheviks) and simultaneously with the government of the Azerbaijan Bourgeois Republic (formed on 05/27/1918) led by Musavists . He opened (07/30/1918) the front to the Turkish troops approaching Baku, taking his detachment to Dagestan, where he captured Derbent and Petrovsk-Port (Makhachkala) with the support of the British. The Baku government requested (08/01/1918) the British for help: on 08/04/1918 the British landed troops in Baku. At the same time, Turkish troops continued to advance on Baku, and the Turks managed to take the city by storm on 08/14/1918. The British fled to Petrovsk-Port (now Derbent) to Bicherakhov, and later, together with Bicherakhov's detachment, returned to Anzali (Iran). Meanwhile, General Bicherakhov, having established contact with Denikin and Kolchak, firmly settled (09.1918) with his troops in Petrovsk-Port. On 11.1918 he returned to Baku together with his troops, where in 1919 the British disbanded parts of Bicherakhov. He went to serve in the troops of the West Caspian region of Dagestan of the All-Union Socialist Republic of General Denikin on 02.1919. In 1920 he emigrated to Great Britain. In exile since 1919: Great Britain, Germany (since 1928). He died in Ulm in Germany. It is Lazar Bicherakhov's Detachment that is DIRECTLY connected with the CAPTURE OF BANDYUKS, BANK ROBBERS and CRIMINALS led by 27 "Baku Commissars" and their evacuation for trial from Baku to Petrovsk. It was the Chief of Counterintelligence Bicherakhov - General Martynov who was investigating 27 "Baku commissars". At the end of the 26 were sentenced to death, the 27th - Mikoyan, for active assistance to counterintelligence was released on parole not to engage in politics anymore.

• Glukhov, Roman Andreevich- genus. 1890 in the village of Essentuki; centurion. He went to the front of the First World War as a sergeant-major of a training team, for military prowess he was awarded St. George's crosses and medals of all four degrees and promoted to the rank of ensign. The regiment sent him as his delegate to the Terek Military Circle, which gathered after the revolution of 1917. In the spring of the following year, he was taken from the house by the Bolsheviks and imprisoned in Pyatigorsk, but was soon released by the rebels and went with them to the mountains. When the Pyatigorsk department was cleared of the Reds, the native Essentuki village elected its ataman. In 1920, retreating with the Cossacks, he went through the mountain roads to Georgia, and from there he emigrated to Europe and the USA. From 1926 he lived in New York, took part in the Cossack public life and died at the age of 62.

• Golovko, Arseny Grigorievich(June 10 (June 23), 1906, Prokhladny, now Kabardino-Balkaria - May 17, 1962, Moscow) - Soviet naval commander, admiral (1944).

• Gutsunaev, Temirbulat- genus. in 1893 near Vladikavkaz. During the First World War, he was released from the Odessa Military School as an officer in the Native Division; after the revolution he fought for the liberation of the Terek. In 1920, with the army of Bredov, he retreated to Poland, formed a division there from volunteers Ossetians and Cossacks, and, being a Yesaul, at the head of it, continued to fight the Reds on the side of the Poles. Having remained in exile, he served under the contract as an officer of the Polish cavalry regiment. He died in Warsaw of spleen cancer in June 1941.

• Kapcherin, Martinian Antonovich- Cossack of the village of Shchedrinskaya, Kizlyar department, Tersky KV Kapcherin M.A. in 1937-1938 wrote "The Tertsy Campaign to Hungary", published in the journal "Tersky Cossack" / Yugoslavia /.

• Kasyanov, Vasily Fyodorovich- genus. April 24, 1896 in the village of Groznenskaya. From the Orenburg Kaz. The school was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and entered the 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment; in its ranks he spent the First World War; gg. 1919-1920 fought for the Terek on the Sunzha line, and retreating from Persia with a detachment of Dratsenko, he was captured by the Bolsheviks; miraculously escaped execution and fled from the POW camp to Turkey. As an emigrant, he graduated from the Polytechnic Institute in the Czech Republic (Brno) with a degree in chemical engineering. After the Second World War, he moved to Brazil and worked there as a specialist in a chemical plant. On October 6, 1956, he died a tragic death from a stab in the city of Serpaodineo. /Cossack dictionary-reference book, volume II, 1968 USA/.

• Kniper, Anna Vasilievna- (nee Safonova, in Timiryov's first marriage; 1893-1975) - Terek Cossack, poetess, beloved of Admiral Kolchak, wife of Rear Admiral Sergei Timiryov, mother of the artist Vladimir Timiryov.

• Maslevtsov, Ivan Dmitrievich- genus. July 31, 1899 in the village of Mikhailovskaya (now Sernovodsk, Chechnya). Talented restorer. He graduated from the Vladikavkaz Teacher's Seminary and participated in the struggle for the Cossack Idea; in 1920 he emigrated, and from 1923 he lived in the USA, where he completed the course of a construction college and worked as a draftsman and restorer of old paintings. For a number of years he was the secretary of the General Cossack Center in America. He died in New York on March 5, 1953 from a malignant tumor in the brain and was buried at the Cossack cemetery in Casville (New Jersey, USA). His daughter lived in the USA.

• Negodnov, Amos Karpovich- genus. in 1875 in the village of Ishcherskaya, major general. He completed a course of sciences in the Arakcheevsky Nkzhegorodsky cadet corps and entered the Orenburg Kaz. school. In 1904, a cornet was released to serve in the 1st Volga Kaz. regiment. On the front of the First World War he acted as the commander of hundreds of the same regiment, participated in the battles; on the Carpathian pass Uzhok was wounded, and for a night horse attack near the town of Savin, where he stopped the advance of the German infantry, he was awarded the Order of St. George 1st class. In 1916 he was transferred to serve in the 2nd Volga Kaz. regiment, which he commanded in 1917 and after the revolution brought from the front to the Terek in in perfect order. During the struggle against the Bolsheviks, N. commanded the Tersk regiments, was promoted to the rank of major general and was appointed brigade commander; with her he fought back in the direction of the Holy Cross, but in the end he was forced to retreat with his units to Georgia. From Georgia he got to the Crimea, and from there with the troops of Wrangel he went into exile; He worked as a taxi driver in Paris. After World War II, he moved to Argentina, where he died at the age of 81.

• Urchukin Flegont Mikhailovich(1870, St. Shchedrinskaya - March 13/26, 1930, Petrovaradin (Novi Sad), Serbia, Yugoslavia) - Major General of the Terek army. Cossack of the village of Shchedrinskaya TKV, Orthodox. Born on April 8, 1870. Graduated from the Vladikavkaz real and Mikhailovskoye artillery school in the 1st category. Cornet (from August 4-August 1892). He served in 1, then in 2 Terek Cossack batteries. Member of the Russo-Japanese War. Yesaul from June 1, 1905. On February 28, 1909, he was promoted to military foreman and appointed commander of the 2nd Kuban Cossack battery. Then he commanded the 2nd Caucasian Cossack Cavalry Artillery Division. Promoted to colonel. Member of the First World War. In December 1914 he temporarily commanded the 3rd Volga Regiment. From March 7 to April 1915 he temporarily commanded the 3rd Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment. From February 8, 1916 commander of the 1st Zaporizhzhya regiment of the Kuban Cossack army. During the uprising of the Terek Cossacks against the Bolsheviks in 1918, he was the head of the Kizlyar front line. In the Volunteer Army he commanded a battery. In Sept. - Oct. 1919 - inspector of artillery of the 3rd Kuban Corps (Shkuro), then at the disposal of the ataman of the Terek Cossack army Vdovenko. In emigration, he served in the city of Ube in the cadastral section. Shortly before his death, he was transferred to the main directorate in Belgrade. Buried in Petrovardin (Novi Sad).

• Rogozhin Anatoly Ivanovich- genus. April 12, 1893, Cossack of the village of Chervlennaya TKV. Graduated. Vladikavkaz Cadet Corps (1911), a hundred of the Nikolaev Cavalry School (1913), cornet of the 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky General Yermolov TKV regiment in Persia. In the Great War in the machine gun team of the 3rd Caucasian Cossack Division (08/1/1914), in Own E. I. V. Convoy (05/24/1915). centurion (03/23/1917), in the Terek Guards Division (05/01/1917). In the Terek uprising (1918), adjutant of the Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment (08.1918), commander of a hundred of the Kuban (02.1919), Terek (08.01.1919) Guards Divisions, captain (3.01.1920), commander of the Terek Guards Division and Guards hundreds, Fr. Lemnos. In exile, the commander of the Division L.-Gds. Kuban and Terek hundreds, colonel (1937), commander of the 3rd battalion of the 1st Cossack regiment (1941) in the Russian Corps. commander of the 5th (02/11/1944), Consolidated (10/26/1944) regiments, commander of the Russian Corps (04/30/1945), until 1972 commander of the Division of the Own E. I. V. Convoy, died in Lakewood (USA) on April 6 1972.

• Safonov Vasily Ilyich- pianist, teacher, conductor, musical and public figure. He graduated from the St. Petersburg Conservatory (1880), taught there (1880-85). In 1885-1905 he was professor (since 1889 also director) of the Moscow Conservatory. In 1889-1905 he was chief conductor of symphony concerts of the Moscow branch of the Russian Musical Society. In 1906-09 he was conductor of the Philharmonic Orchestra and director of the National Conservatory in New York. Returning to Russia, he gave concerts mainly as an ensemble pianist (with L. S. Auer, K. Yu. Davydov, A. V. Verzhbilovich and others). The musical conductor was a promoter of Russian symphonic music (the first performer of a number of works by P. I. Tchaikovsky, A. K. Glazunov, and others) and introduced conducting without a baton into musical practice. Creator of one of the leading pre-revolutionary Russian piano schools; among his students - A. N. Skryabin, N. K. Medtner, E. A. Beckman-Shcherbina. S. - Author of the manual for the piano game "New Formula" (1916).

• Bishop Job (Flegont Ivanovich Rogozhin)- was born in 1883 in the village of Chervlennaya. It belonged to an old family of Old Believers in Grebens. With modern times, some Old Believers became Orthodox. Flegon Rogozhin also belonged to the latter. In 1905, Phlegont, together with his brother Victor, graduated from the Ardon Theological Seminary, then entered the Kazan Theological Academy, where he received a Ph. While studying at the academy, he was tonsured a monk and then ordained a hieromonk. After graduating from the academy, Father Iov Rogozhin was appointed teacher at the Samara Theological Seminary. From November 22, 1911 - Assistant Superintendent of the Klevan Theological School of the Volyn Diocese. From August 27 to 1917 he was the superintendent of the Samara Theological School in the rank of archimandrite. On May 9, 1920, Father Job was consecrated bishop of Volsky, vicar of the Saratov diocese. In 1922 he governs the Saratov diocese. In July 1922, he was challenged for opposing the New Entrepreneurship, but he was soon released. From the autumn of 1922 to November 27, 1925, Vladyka Job was Bishop of Pyatigorsk and Prikumsk. Then he was appointed bishop of Ust-Medveditsky, vicar of the Don diocese. In the same year, he was arrested and sentenced to two years in concentration camps. In 1926-1927 he was imprisoned in the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. After his release from the camp, Vladyka Job became Bishop of Mstera and vicar of the diocese of Vladimir On February 17, 1930, the bishop was again arrested and on June 21, 1930, the “troika” of the OGPU of the USSR in the Ivanovo region was sentenced to 3 years of exile in the Far North for anti-Soviet activities and contact with relatives abroad . On April 20, 1933, Vladyko Job died in prison.

• Archimandrite Matthew (Mormyl)(in the world - Lev Vasilyevich Mormyl; March 5, 1938, Arkhonskaya village, Prigorodny district of North Ossetia - September 15, 2009, Trinity Sergius Lavra, Sergiev Posad) - Orthodox clergyman, spiritual composer, arranger, honored professor, candidate of theology, member of the Synodal Commission ROC for worship. For many years he carried the obediences of the senior choir director of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, the head of the combined choir of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra and the Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary.

In culture

Life and customs of the Terek Cossacks are described in the story of L. N. Tolstoy "Cossacks". They appear as resolute people, mentally similar to representatives of the Caucasian peoples. The manners of the Tertsy are described in the following quotation:

Until now, the Cossack clans are considered to be related to the Chechen ones, and love for freedom, idleness, robbery and war is the main features of their character. Russia's influence is expressed only from an unfavorable side: constraint in elections, removal of bells and troops that stand and pass there. The Cossack, by inclination, hates the highlander horseman who killed his brother less than the soldier who stands by him to defend his village, but who smoked his hut with tobacco. He respects the highlander enemy, but despises the soldier who is alien to him and the oppressor. Actually, the Russian peasant for the Cossack is some kind of alien, wild and contemptible creature, whom he saw as an example in the visiting merchants and Little Russian settlers, whom the Cossacks contemptuously call Shapovals. Panache in dress consists in imitation of the Circassian. The best weapons are obtained from the mountaineer, the best horses are bought and stolen from them. The well done Cossack flaunts his knowledge of the Tatar language and, having taken a walk, even speaks Tatar with his brother. Despite the fact that this Christian people, thrown into a corner of the earth, surrounded by semi-savage Mohammedan tribes and soldiers, considers itself to be at a high level of development and recognizes only one Cossack as a person; looks at everything else with contempt.

Cossack Dictionary-Reference Wikipedia Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron More

For the past five centuries, the territory of the Caucasus has been inhabited by Cossacks. The Terek people skillfully own a saber and dzhigitovka, wear gazyri and dance the traditional lezginka. It retains its identity and culture. However, how many people know about the history of the origin of the Terek Cossacks?

History of occurrence

The Russians opened the way to the Caucasus back in the time of Ivan the Terrible, after the Astrakhan kingdom was annexed to the territories of Rus'. Three years after the annexation of the governor, Pleshcheev, along with his shooters, ended up on the Terek River. Immediately after that, the Volga Cossacks also arrived there, who always disturbed the territories of the Nogai steppe (today it is the western Caspian region).

After that, the Russians decided to build the city of Terek in the Caucasus, which they then had to leave due to pressure from the Turkish state. Later, it is settled by the Cossacks, who are forced to leave their homes due to repression by Ivan Murashnik. This event can be considered the beginning of history. At that time, the coat of arms of the Terek Cossacks appeared. The people began to learn.

After the settlement of the lands, the Cossacks approved their seniority on the Terek. It was here that the well-known Ilya Muromets began to gather the first forces.

The times of the Caucasian war

The Terek Cossacks gained their fame precisely at this time. It was then that they showed all the skills and abilities of warriors. For the exploits shown in the war, some representatives of this people were even sent to protect the emperor himself. A year later, the Terek Cossacks were recognized as part of the Russian army.

Thanks to this, the people received rights to land, forests and fisheries. At the same time, the first ataman of the Terek Cossacks was appointed - Lieutenant General Pyotr Verzilin. Many representatives of this army received decorations for their heroic deeds.

After the end of the war, there were approximately 10,000 Cossacks in the Russian army. To simplify the management, the commander-in-chief of the troops of the Caucasus decided to create a separate Terek Cossack army.

Russian-Turkish and civil wars

During these battles, the Terek Cossacks also showed themselves, but not from the heroic side. During this period, in the territory of their residence, there were already about 250,000 people who lived in 70 villages.

In the war, they opposed the Red Army, and in 1920, when it ended, the Terek troops left Russia.

Tragedy of 1921

Around the beginning of 1921, the leaders of the Chechens demanded the eviction of the Cossacks from the Terek lands. A tough ultimatum forced the people to obey. As a result, on March 27, 1921, 70,000 Terek Cossacks left their homes within a day. Half of them were shot on the way to the railway stations by Chechen troops. The stations were burned down.

All Cossacks at that time were divided into three groups:

1. White. The male representatives of this group were immediately shot, while the women and children were allowed to escape.
2. Red. Everyone was evicted, but not killed.
3. Communists. They were allowed to flee and take with them all moving property.

Even Stalin himself, who advocated repression against the Cossacks, said that the brutal actions carried out by the Chechens (execution, etc.) were superfluous.

Then Ordzhonikidze stated that the reason for the eviction of the Terek people was hunger. He himself said: "Because of the land hunger, it was decided to evict 18 Cossack villages (70,000 people), whose lands had already come close to the mountain lands. Such actions were supposed to save the mountain people from hunger and eliminate the striped strips." Despite the fact that the eviction of the Cossacks was recognized as an erroneous decision, the Terek lands were already occupied by 20,000 Chechens.

In the same year, 1921, the Mountain Republic received a resolution "On the introduction of Sharia legal proceedings in the Mountain ASSR." The escaped Cossacks also asked the Russian government to allow them to return to the Terek, but these requests were ignored.

Giving freedom to the highlanders, Stalin declared: “By providing you with autonomy, Russia is giving you the rights that the bloodsucking tsars and generals have taken from you. This means that now you can live according to your old customs, mores and traditions, if they, of course, are not transcend the framework of the Constitution of Russia"

Resistance and emigration

After the Terek Cossacks were forced to leave their lands, they began to collectively write letters saying that the Russian people were unarmed in relation to them. The auls, on the contrary, were literally overflowing with weapons. According to the Cossacks, even 12-year-old children often carried a revolver or rifle. Despite these appeals, the repression did not stop.

When the former residents of the Terek realized that they were unlikely to receive an answer to their letters, they decided to create several bandit detachments, which in total included about 1,300 people. They were engaged in the defeat of the villages where the Chechens lived. It is worth noting that such groups included not only Terek Cossacks, but also Kabardians and Ossetians. However, the Chechens gave a harsh rebuff, and the members of the detachments began to surrender.

Most of the emigrant Cossacks settled in the territories of Bulgaria. The rest were scattered across the lands of the Balkans. Later they moved to Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and the USA. Surprisingly, the Cossacks were received rather warmly in their new places of residence.

For example, in France, a large farm was allocated to former Terek residents, and in Peru, the president was so surprised at the disciplinary upbringing of the Cossacks that he raised the budget for their emigration.

Terek Cossacks today

On March 23, 1990, a council dedicated to the revival of the nationality was created. 500 delegates representing the Terek Cossacks took part in it. Their number at the time of the council was 500,000 people.

In 1991, ethnic cleansing began in Chechnya. This negatively affected the position of the Terek Cossacks. The condition of the people worsened even more when the first Chechen War. A series of catastrophic events led to the frequent change of chieftains of the Cossacks. First it was Konyakhin, then Starodubtsev, who was later replaced by Sizov.

In 2005, the Terek people began to rapidly revive. This was especially noticeable in the lands of North Ossetia and the Stavropol Territory. In 2006, a new ataman was chosen - V.P. Bondarev. A few years later, the Terek Cossack army was created, which was part of the Union of Cossacks of Russia.

The dialects of the Terek Cossacks have changed several times throughout history. At first it was the Scythian language, then - Old Slavonic, Tatar, Russian. Today you can hear these words:

Anady - not so long ago.

A-would - if only.

Well, of course, yes.

Egg is my dear.

Ah, my dear.

Ah! - interjection call.

Aichka is an interjection of response.

A womanizer is a type of female hairstyle.

Baglay - lazy, couch potato.

Baydik - a shepherd's or old man's staff, a stick for support.

Bayrak is a ravine.

The bed is the side edge of the sleigh.

The bed is the back of the bed.

Zdynut - raise.

Zen is earth.

Zoey - scream.

Important dates

It is also worth considering the dates that played important role in the development of the Terek Cossacks:

• 1712 - the first villages were created: Chervlenaya, Shchedrinskaya, Novogladkovskaya, Starogladkovskaya and Kurdyukovskaya.
• 1776 - Terek regiments were accepted into the Astrakhan Cossack army.
• 1786 - the Terek army left the Astrakhan army and began to call itself the "Caucasian line of Cossacks."
• 1856 - the linear army received the St. George banner.
• 1864 - The term of service in the armies was reduced from 25 to 22 years.
• 1870 - the abolition of the universal service.
• 1870 - some lands of the mountainous districts became part of the Terek region.
• 1881 - the number of people of the Terek Cossacks reached 130,000 people.

This is such an unusual story for this people.