Faire in passe compose in French. The past tense in French is passé composé. Verbs that conjugate with être

In French, the verb form is very diverse. This is especially true for the past tense. IN indicative mood there are 5 past forms, one of which is passé compose(past compound).

Passe compose:

• Expresses: an action that took place in the past or preceded by an action in the present.
• Used both orally and in writing. It is translated into Russian by perfective and imperfective verbs.
• Formed using present tense auxiliary verb (avoir or être) + participe passé (past participle) of the conjugated verb.

PARTICIPE PASSE is formed for different groups of verbs in different ways (see table):

An example of conjugation in the past tense of verbs Parler / Finir / Etre:

• j'ai parle, to as parle, il a parle, elle a parle, nous avons parle, vous avez parle, ils ont parle, elles ont parle
• j'ai fini, to as fini, il a fini, elle a finí nous avons fini, vous avez fini, ils ont fini, elles ont fini
• j'ai ete, to as eté, il a ete, elle a eté, nous avons ete, vous avez ete, ils ont ete, elles ont ete

C être conjugate verbs :

• Mourir, naître, arriver, partir, aller, venir, sortir, entrer, tomber, rester, descendre, monter
• Some derivatives of them (revenir, devenir, rentrer)
• Pronominal reflexive verbs (se laver, se lever)

WITH avoir hide : all other verbs, including avoir And être

A detailed table of conjugation of verbs is given. A form of the past participle (participe passé) of the main verbs of all groups, see

Participe passe verbs conjugated with Etre consistent with kind And including with subject (for feminine - add at the end E, for plural add at the end S). For example:

• Aller
  je suis alle, tu es alle, il est alle, elle est allee, nous sommes alles, vous êtes alles, ils sont alles, elles sont allees

Participe passe verbs conjugated with Avoir consistent with kind And including With direct complement if it is located before the verb Avoir:

1) The direct object is expressed by the pronoun-direct object

• Repetez votre question, je l'ai mal compris e(comprendre la question)

2) The sentence begins with question words quel And combien de (For"Combine"not necessary)

• Quels livres avez vous achete s? (acheter les livres)

3) In sentences with construction … que (qu’) … , where que - "which, which, which, etc."

• Les fautes que vous avez fait es(faire les fautes)

Negative and interrogative forms in the past tense on the example of a verb Parler:

• Je n'ai pas parle
• Tu n'as pas parle
• il n'a pas parle
• nous n' avons pas parle
• Vous n'avez pas parle
• Ils n'ont pas parle

• J'ai parle. - Ai-je parle?
• Tu as parle. — As-tu parle?
• Il a parle. -A- t-il parle?
• Nous avons parle. — Avons-nous parle?
• Vous avez parle. — Avez-vous parle?
• Ils ont parle. — Ont-ils parle?

The French use this tense to indicate the end of time in the past. Passé compose similar to English past simple. But the name of this tense is translated as follows: passé - the past and composé - a complex compound. But don't get scared! It is so called only because it consists of two parts - the verb avoir or être in the present tense and past participles. And from the point of view of logic - everything is simple! So, let's "sort through" our beautiful - Passé composé.

Conjugation of verbs in the past complex tense occurs using the participle of the verb participe passe. It is included in other difficult times. But we will talk about this later, in our next . Remember that verbs in French are divided into groups? To refresh your knowledge, we suggest referring to our article. .

So for I-th group verbs, it is enough for us to add to the stem of the verb -é , For example:

manger- mang + é = mange;

acheter- achet + é = acheté;

penser- pens + é \u003d pensé.

For verbs II group another method is used, namely the addition to the base -i:

grandir- grand + i \u003d grandi;

jaunir- jaun + i = jauni;

finir- fin + i = fini .

But, for the III group there is no single recipe. The past participle form can be found in almost any book on the French language. We also bring to your attention with the sacrament participe passe and examples of usage.

Conjugation in pass é compos é of verbs with avoir and ê tre

* Feminine gender.

** Plural.

Let's go back to the service verbs avoir And être. So, in order to determine which of them to conjugate our verb, you need to remember a small rule.

with a verb être hide :

1. reflexive verbs;
2. verbs of motion;
3. state transition verbs;

aller - go, go

arriver - to arrive

descendre - go down, get out (of the car and other vehicles)

décéder - to die

devenir - to become

éclore - hatch (from an egg), bloom

entrer - enter, enter

monter - climb, sit down (in a vehicle)

mourir - to die

naître - to be born

partir - leave, leave

rester - stay

rentrer - to return

revenir - to return

sortir - go out, leave

tomber - to fall

venir - to come, come

When conjugated with être, participe passé changes in gender and number:

Je me suis assis devant la fenetre et je me suis mis au travail. I sat down in front of the window and got to work.

nous nous sommes couches a dix heures. We went to bed at ten o'clock.

Elle est nee en Suisse en 1985. — She was born in Switzerland in 1985.

Les diplomates son partis pour Vienne par le train. The diplomats left for Vienna by train.

Quand est-il sorti du bureau? When did he leave the office?

Les participants de l'expedition sont tombes malades l'un après l'autre. The members of the expedition fell ill one by one (one by one).

We boldly give the remaining verbs into submission, beloved by all of us - avoir:

J'ai eu une idee brillante. — I had a brilliant idea.

nous avons recu un telegramme et un colis. We received a telegram and a parcel.

Pourquoi n' as-tu pas tenu ta password? Why didn't you keep your word?

Some adverbs and pronouns can take place between the service verb and the participle. This - bien, beaucoup, tout, déja encore(the latter in negative form).

As-tu bien dormi? - You slept well?

Aujourd'hui nous avons beaucoup travaille. - Today we worked hard.

J'ai tout compress. - I got it.

Les ouvriers ont deja fini le travail. The workers have already finished their work.

Ils n'ont pas encore repair l'auto. They haven't fixed the car yet.

The participle changes in gender and number only in the presence of a direct object expressed by pronouns.

As-tu vu le fi lm anime? - Oui, je l'ai vu. Have you watched this cartoon? — Yes, I watched it.

Avez vous lu la revue? - Non, je ne l'ai pas lue. — Have you read the magazine? No, I didn't read it. (“Magazine” is feminine in French, so the participle ends in feminine form.)

Ont-ils discuté tous les problems? — Oui, ils les ont discutés. Have they discussed all the issues? Yes, they discussed them. (The masculine plural appears in participles with an s ending. Note that "problem" has masculine in French.)

Ont-elles écrit toutes les paroles? - Non, elles ne les ont pas écrites. Did they write all the words? No, they didn't write them. (Here the participle is feminine in the plural.)

Les questions que nous vous avons posées ne sont pas très diffi ciles. The questions you asked are not very difficult. (The participle is feminine in the plural, as it agrees with the word "questions".)

French has a number of verbs that can be conjugated with avoir, and with être. This descendre, monter, rentrer, sortir. They conjugate with the verb avoir if they become transient and change their meaning.

Descendre- 1) to take down, lower; 2) go down (l'escalier - stairs). Please note that in Russian the verb is intransitive, while in French it is transitive.

Monter- 1) raise, 2) collect, mount, 3) climb in combination with l'escalier (climb the stairs), la rue (climb the street), la rivière (climb the river). And again, although in the Russian version a preposition appears, in the French it is a transitive verb.

Rentrer- bring in, take out.

sortir- to take out, to take out, to release.

Compare:

Le garçon estdescendu au rez-de-chaussee. The boy went down to the first floor.

Le garçon a descendu l'escalier. The boy went down the stairs.

Les voyageurs sont descendus du wagon. - Passengers got out of the car

Le porteur a descendu mes bags. The porter carried my luggage downstairs.

La jeune fille est montee au deuxieme étage en ascenseur. The girl went up to the third floor in the elevator.

La jeune fille a monte l'escalier. The girl went up the stairs.

nous sommes montes dans le wagon et avons occupé nos places. We climbed (sat down) in the car and took our seats.

Les technicaliens ont monte la machine en trois jours. — Technicians assembled the car in three days.

Mes parents son rentres a neuf heures. My parents returned at nine o'clock.

Ils ont rentre les meubles. They brought in the furniture.

Mon voice a rentre sa voiture dans le garage. — My neighbor put the car in the garage.

Je suissorti de la maison et allé à l'université. — I left the house and went to the university.

Elle a sort son mouchoir et seche les larmes. She pulled out her handkerchief and wiped away her tears.

L'usine d'cars a sort le premier Citroën au mois de mai. - The car factory produced the first Citroen in May.

Well, so we met with one of the past tenses in French. But do not rush to be sad - the French, in oral speech only three past tenses are used, and we have already met one of them. And the rest - mainly in written, literary speech.

The tense passé composé is formed from the auxiliary verb and the past participle of the main verb. To write any verb in passé composé, you first need to choose and put in the correct conjugation of the auxiliary verb in the present tense (être or avoir). Then you should use the main verb in the past tense form. The time passé composé is used to describe a past completed action.

Steps

Past participle

Replace -er on é . -er to form the past participle, it is enough to remove the ending -er and put instead é . For example, the past form of the verb parler(to speak) is parle.

If the verb ends with -ir, remove r. If the correct verb has the ending -ir should not be removed completely. In this case, it is enough to remove one letter r so that the verb has an ending i. For example, the verb choisir(to choose) has the past participle choisi.

Change the ending -re on u. If the correct verb ends in -re, just remove this ending and replace it with u. For example, the verb vendor(sell) has the past participle Vendu.

1. Remember irregular verbs. Like many other languages, French has a number of regular verbs. These verbs may have endings similar to those of regular verbs, but they are conjugated differently. The past participles of these verbs also do not follow the rules used for regular verbs, so they will have to be learned.

   • In some cases, certain rules may apply. For example, for most irregular verbs with the end -oir past participles ending in u. So, the verb "voir" (see) has the past form "vu", and the verb "vouloir" (want, wish) - "voulu".
   • Most irregular verbs with endings -re past tense ending in -is. For example, the verb "comprendre" (to understand) has the past participle "compris" and the verb "apprendre" (to learn) has "appris".

2. Conjugate the verb avoir in present time. Irregular verb avoir often used in French. If you haven't already done so, just learn how this verb is conjugated, as it is often used to form passé composé as well.

   • J "ai: I have.
   • Tu as: you have.
   • Il/elle a: he/she has.
   • nous avons: we have.
   • Vous avez: you have.
   • Ils/elles ont: they have.

3. Connect the verb avoir With correct form past participles. Passé composé is the complex past tense. Auxiliary avoir shows when the action was performed (in the past). The main verb in the past form indicates what action was performed.

   • For example: "J" ai entendu les nouvelles "(I heard the news).

Passé compose with the verb être

1. An auxiliary verb is used to form passé composé with reflexive verbs être(be). If you are talking about something that someone has done to themselves, you should use the verb être when forming a passé composé. For example, "Jean s" est brossé les dents", that is, "Jean brushed his teeth."

   • Reflexive verbs are easy to recognize because they are preceded by a pronoun in the indefinite form. se. For example, "se réveiller" is a reflexive verb that means "to wake up".

2. Add an appropriate reflexive pronoun. The reflexive pronoun must match the subject. Remember the correct forms of reflexive pronouns for all personal pronouns.

   • reflexive pronoun for je is me: "Je me lave" (I wash myself).
   • reflexive pronoun for tu is te: "Tu te laves" (you wash your face).
   • reflexive pronoun for il/elle is se: "Il/elle se lave" (he/she washes).
   • reflexive pronoun for nous is nous: "Nous nous lavons" (we wash ourselves).
   • reflexive pronoun for vous is vous: "Vous vous lavez" (you all wash your face).
   • reflexive pronoun for ils/elles is se: "Ils se lavent" (they wash their faces).

3. Conjugate the verb être in present time. Use that form of the verb être, which corresponds to the person and number of the subject. It's an irregular verb, so remember how it's conjugated.

   • Je suis: I am.
   • Tues: you are.
   • Il/elle est: he/she is.
   • nous sommes: we are.
   • Vous êtes: you are.
   • Ils/elles sont: they are.

4. Complete the verb être the correct form of the past participle. Verb être in suitable conjugation, it comes before the past participle of the main verb. Voila! You've got the passé compose time.

   • For example: "Je me suis réveillé trop tard" (I woke up too late).

5. Make the past participle agree with the subject. As a rule, when forming a passé composé with an auxiliary verb être The past participle must agree with the subject in gender and number. Add an ending to the sacrament e, if the subject is feminine, and the ending s for the subject in the plural.

   • For example: "Elle s" est amusée "(she had fun).
   • There are some exceptions. The past participle does not need to agree with the subject when it comes to a body part. For example: "Elle s" est lavée "(she washed her face), but" Elle s "est lavé les cheveux" (she washed her hair).

6. Try to remember the verbs with which to use the auxiliary verb être, using a mnemonic rule. In addition to reflexives, there are some other verbs in French with which the auxiliary verb is used. être in passe compose. These verbs can be memorized with the following mnemonic rule "DR(s) MRS VANDERTRAMP".

   • The letters included in this rule correspond to the initial letters of the following verbs: devenir(become), revenir(come back), monter(get up), retourner(turn over) sortir(go out) Venir(come), aller(go), naître(to be born) descendre(to go down), enterer(enter), rentrer(return / return home) tomber(fall), rester(stay), arranger(arrive), mourir(to die) and partir(leave).

Be sure to watch the video tutorials on this topic BEFORE you start reading the text. The topic in the video is explained very simply - it will remove your fear of the topic and save time for studying.

The past tense in French can be expressed different ways. The main thing is what you want to focus on (whether the action ended or not, it was just recently or a very long time ago ...).

Passé Composé time is necessary when we want to emphasize:

Action in the past over(the verb will answer the question "what did you do?"):

Il a parlé de son voyage. - He told about your journey.

The verb can also answer the question “what did you do?”, but it will indicate “ co how many and before how many", that is limited time period:

Il a parle pendant une heure. - He talked for an hour.

Passé Composé is formed with auxiliary verbs
avoir or ê tre and yourself verbs in past tense(participe passe).

How to decide - avoir or ê tre will help us form this tense?

The verb ê tre is conjugated with:

• All returnable Verbs,
• and the following verbs of motion and change of state:

Conjugate with the verb avoir all other verbs.

How the verb itself is formed in the past tense:

Verbs first group form the past form very simply: ending -er replace with -é :

travailler – travaille

Past tense for verbs 2nd group is formed even easier: just remove the ending -r :

You can also just remember typical endings for verbs in the past tense:

ending - é

It's about verbs. 1 group(with the infinitive in - er), as well as irregular verbs aller, ê tre, na ître:

ending - i

It's about verbs. 2 groups(with the infinitive in - ir), as well as irregular verbs ending in - tir , -mir :

ending - t

For the verbs écrire, faire, dire:

ending - rt

For verbs ending in - frir, -vrir :

aller

Attention! Remember that when a verb is changed in the past tense with ê tre , it must be of the same gender (masculine-feminine) and number (singular-plural) as the subject to which it refers.

Il est entre dans la chambre. - He entered the room (literally: He have entered shi).
Elle est entree dans la chambre. - He A entered A into the room (literally: she have entered and I).
Ils sont entres. - He And entered And (They have entered ie).
Elles sont entrees. - They (the women) entered.
Vou s vous êtes bien amuses? – Did you have a good time?

If you paid attention, we coordinated the past tense of verbs (made the same in gender and number) with the subject. (I, you, we...), as the auxiliary verb was ê tre .

When the auxiliary verb is avoir, with the subject no need to agree.

Il a lu cette nouvelle. - He has read this novel (he has read a novel).
Elle a lu cette nouvelle. - She has read this novel (she has read a novel).

Doesn't matter Who(he or she) has read the novella. The word "read" refers to the novel itself! That is why it does not need to be coordinated with the subject "he - she".

BUT! If we replace the word "novella" with the corresponding pronoun - addition(short story - hers), then according to the rule it will appear before the verb (in the case of a given past tense before auxiliary verb). And then we will have to coordinate it with the form of the past tense. Why? As always seen from the literal translation))

Il l "a lue (il la a lue). - He read it (he her has read Noah).
Elle l "a lue. - She read it (she her has read noah).

In both cases, the short story was read, although now it has been replaced by the word “her”, that is, here we must agree on feminine.

Il les a lues. - He has read them (he has them read).

Agreement on the feminine and plural.

When negated, the particles ne and pas surround auxiliary verb (avoir or ê tre):

Ils n "ont pas encore mange. - They haven't eaten yet.
Ils ne sont pas encore partis. - They haven't left yet.

Attention! When we deny returnable verb, do not forget that the reflexive pronouns is a part of it (although it stands before it), and therefore is negated along with it:

Je ne me suis pas reveillee. - I didn't wake up.

The same applies to pronouns - additions(me, you, them...). They will also stand before auxiliary verb and negated along with it.

Je lui ai telephone. - I called him.
Je ne lui ai pas telephone. - I didn't call him.

Attention! Very important!

Some verbs can also be conjugated with avoir (if after them will just stand word without preposition), and with ê tre (when it is followed by some pretext). In doing so, they will change their meaning.

Je suis descendue de la voiture. - I got out (got down) from the car.
J "ai descendu ma Valise. – I dropped my suitcase.

Je suis passee devant ta maison. - I passed in front of your house.
J "ai passe mes vacanciesà l "étranger. - I spent my holidays abroad.

Je suis sortie de la maison. - I left the house.
J "ai sorti mes papiers. – I pulled out my documents.

If you need voice explanations of this grammatical topic, as well as an additional set of exercises, you can find it in our audio course.

Past completed tense (Passé composé)

Use

In Russian, it most often corresponds to the past tense of perfective verbs, i.e. answers the question "What did you do?".

However, sometimes past imperfective verbs can also be translated into French in this tense, if in the sentence

1) specified completed period of time during which this action took place (for example, the sentence contains the words longtemps, toute la nuit, 3 heures, 3 jours, etc.) - Nous avons discuté cette nouvelle toute la soirée. We have been discussing this news all evening..

2) emphasized action result, not the process of its flow. Avez vous lu ce livre? - Have you read this book? (Meaning - “read”, i.e. you know its content).

Education

This is a difficult time, in the formation of which they participate two verbs – auxiliary(avoir or être) and semantic, from which the past participle (participe passé) is formed:

Negative form

In negative form first negative particle ne (n' before a word beginning with a vowel or with h) is placed before the auxiliary verb, the second ( pas) - after the auxiliary verb. The participle is placed after the second negative particle! iln' estpas tombe.

Past participle (Participe passé)

Past participle ( Participepasse) used both independently (usually coincides with the Russian passive participle), and for the formation of complex tenses.

Education

Depending on the group of the verb:

1 gr. verbs: base + e (parl er → parlé)

2 gr. verbs: base + i (fin ir → fini)

3 gr. - there is no single rule for the formation of participles. The participle must be looked up in a grammar reference.

Participe passé of 3 groups of verbs:

Participles from the most commonly used irregular verbs in French:

aller- alle

apprendre- appris

avoir- eu

boire- bu

comprendre- compress

connaitre- connu

faire- fait

die- dit

ecrire- ecrit

être- ete

lire- lu

mettre- mis

mourir- mort

naître- ne

partir- parti

pouvoir- pu

prendre- pris

repondre- repondu

rire- ri

savoir- su

sortir- sorti

sourire- souri

tradition- trading

Venir- Venu

vivre- vecu

voir- vu