During the growing season, trees and shrubs need systematic watering until the root layer of the soil is completely moistened. In no case should the roots be allowed to dry out!
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Watering of trees and shrubs is carried out depending on weather conditions, the mechanical composition of the soil and its moisture content, the depth and width of the root system and on average occurs at least 15 times during the growing season.
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In the first year after planting, the ground under the tree should be constantly wet, so intensive watering is necessary in the first months in all weather conditions. It is especially important to water the plants during dry times during summer and autumn.
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Watering begins when warm weather sets in: at an air temperature of more than 7 ºС (April - early May). Best time glaze- morning, before 10 o'clock, or evening, after 18 o'clock. Water for irrigation should be warm: + 15 ... + 22 º C.
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Watering plants during the growing season must be done taking into account their growth and development. In the most active period, in May-June, watering should be done at least 3-4 times a month, in July-August - 2-3 times, in September -1 time.
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Excessive watering is undesirable: it makes it difficult for the roots to breathe. Water can move readily soluble nutrients to depths that roots cannot reach and displace oxygen from the soil.
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On average, about 50 liters of water are needed per 1 m² of tree trunk holes. For shrubs, the norm will be about 20 liters per 1 m². For large-sized trees, the calculation of the required moisture is at least 15–20 liters per 1 m of tree height for one watering.
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After watering, the soil of the near-stem circles must be mulched to avoid excessive evaporation of moisture and the formation of a crust. Peat compost can be used as mulch (3–5 cm layer).
Currently, shredded pine bark and chips, pine nut shells are also used as mulching material - they retain moisture well in the soil, increase its temperature and create a decorative frame for plantings.
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Abundant watering of trees is done with a hose. Irrigation with sprinklers is often inefficient, as it provides moisture only upper layer soil. To the roots large trees, to a depth of 50–60 cm or more, water does not reach.
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Watering of trees is not carried out during the onset of stable frosts (air temperature is below -5 ºС).
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If the tree is planted in autumn, then watering is required, especially in the presence of prolonged warm dry weather ( winter watering).
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How much watering is necessary for a given plant, you can determine in a simple way: take a handful of earth under a tree and squeeze it in a fist. If the lump crumbles after unclenching the fingers, watering the soil is required. With sufficient moisture, the lump will remain intact. If, when the soil is compressed, it spreads between the fingers, then the soil is waterlogged.
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In order to prevent excessive evaporation of moisture from the root layer of the soil, it is necessary to remove weeds and loosen the soil in the trunk circles. The depth of loosening should be no more than 6 cm to avoid damage to the roots..
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Along with watering, irrigation of the aerial part should be carried out by spraying the leaves with water. This is especially important for large conifers. Spraying is carried out by small-drop sprinkling in the morning and evening hours. Sprinkling helps to clean the above ground from pollutants, freeing the stomata from dust, which helps to improve transpiration, and also helps to remove some pests. This procedure can be combined with foliar fertilizing with mineral fertilizers and microelements.
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Stagnant waterlogging of the soil on the site, which arose due to close (less than 2 m) occurrence ground water and (or) obstruction of surface water runoff, may lead to waterlogging of the site. In this case, serious reclamation measures are needed, in particular, the creation of a drainage system. Plants for such areas must be selected with great care, giving preference to those that tolerate rising groundwater levels or partial waterlogging.
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Water is part of all the tissues of the fruit tree. To create 1 kg of dry matter, an apple tree consumes 300-400 kg of water. With a lack of moisture in the soil, growth slows down, the yield and frost resistance of the tree decrease. Excess moisture is also harmful. If the soil is waterlogged, then there is not enough air for the roots, microbiological activity decreases, ferrous forms of iron and manganese accumulate - poisonous to plants. The apple tree and plum tree are the most demanding for water, the cherry tree needs less watering.
Practice shows that abundant and rare watering of fruit trees is more beneficial than watering in small doses. When watering, it is necessary to wet the soil to the depth of the roots: the irrigation rate for an apple tree is 60-80 cm, pears - 40-50 cm, cherries - 30-40 cm, plums - 20-30 cm. This requires 1 sq. meter on light sandy and sandy soils 4-5 buckets, on loamy soils the norm is 6-7 buckets of water.
Sample schedule for watering fruit trees
In the first year after planting the tree, the near-stem circle is watered 4-5 times per season, 2-3 buckets for watering under an apple tree and a pear, and 1-2 buckets for a cherry and a plum. In the following years, the watering rate is increased, 2-3 buckets are added for each year of the tree's life.
The first watering of fruit trees is carried out immediately after flowering, and in the case of early spring with dry and hot weather, watering is started before flowering. The second watering is carried out after 15-20 days, which contributes to a better fruit set. The third watering is carried out in the summer after the second during fruiting. early varieties and the formation of fruits of late varieties. In September, the fourth watering is carried out, which is favorable for the growth of roots and the filling of fruits of late varieties.
For cherries and plums, 3-4 waterings are enough: at the beginning of summer, 2 weeks before fruit ripening, after harvesting.
The last watering that the garden needs - moisture charging - is needed to create moisture reserves for the spring, improve wintering. It is held in mid-October.
Methods for watering fruit trees
The most common is watering in near-stem bowls, along furrows, sprinkling, drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation.
When watering in bowls under a tree, a roller is made according to the size of the crown and filled with water. In the spring, earthen rollers perform the function of retaining melt water. When irrigating along the furrows under the crown of the tree, ring furrows are cut at a distance of 0.5-0.8 m from each other with a depth of 10-15 cm so as not to damage the roots (closer to the trunk, the depth of the furrows is less). Water is let through the furrows to saturate the soil, while a board or other object is substituted under the jet of water from a hose to reduce the speed of the jet and prevent destruction of the soil structure.
Sprinkling - The best way watering the garden. It provides uniform and slow wetting of the soil and humidifies the air. To do this, use various devices and nozzles for spraying water.
Drip irrigation and subsoil irrigation involves laying a system of pipes with branches, to which pipes with tips are attached, from which water is supplied. In subsoil irrigation, water is supplied under pressure through humidifiers buried in the soil. Water is supplied to the zone of development of the root system.
Never water fruit trees under the stem Suction roots are behind the projection of the crown. The bulk of the irrigation water should be supplied between the rows of a fruit-bearing garden.
In order to reduce water consumption for garden irrigation, to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, it is necessary to keep the soil in a loose and weed-free state, to form a good agronomically valuable soil structure. After each watering and some drying of the soil, it is loosened to break the capillaries and mulched with peat, humus, rotted manure, and sawdust.
In autumn, when digging the soil, leave its surface uneven: it absorbs water better when the snow melts. In the spring, as the soil dries up, they harrow it and create a loose topsoil, which ensures better heating of the soil.
An important task of the gardener is to organize the watering of the garden correctly, because nature does not always take care of watering our gardens on time. Watering is especially importantwhen the fruits are filling and ripening, and the month is usually hot.
When and how much water the garden needs?
No one but you can determine when and how much water each tree needs so that water only benefits it, because it depends on many factors known only to you: how old is your garden, and what trees grow in it, what kind of soil is in the garden and soil moisture when it last rained in your area…
When to water the main horticultural crops?
It is advisable to irrigate at the beginning of the phenophases:
— active growth,
- crop formation,
- laying flower buds for next year's harvest.
Young trees planted in the spring of this year are watered 2-3 times a month.
Apple tree and pear
Apple and pear trees are watered more abundantly in May-July and moderately in August-September. In dry summer - 3-4 waterings, in case of severe drought - 4-5 waterings. For trees with early term fruit ripening, the number of irrigations is reduced by one, with late - by one increase.
- 1st watering - in early June, after the excess ovary has fallen;
- 2nd - in mid-July, 2-3 weeks before fruit ripening summer varieties(this watering contributes to the filling of fruits and the laying of fruit buds for the next year's harvest);
- 3rd - in a dry summer and a high harvest in August, the entire garden is additionally watered;
- 4th - in early September for trees of winter varieties.
Cherry and sweet cherry
Cherries and sweet cherries need a lot of water. They are watered during the same growing seasons and in the same doses as apple trees.
- 1st watering - at the very end of spring, during the growth of shoots;
- 2nd - two weeks before fruit ripening;
- 3rd - immediately after the harvest.
Plum and cherry plum
Plum and cherry plum are very demanding on soil and air moisture. Plum trees do not tolerate both lack and excess moisture. The greatest need for water is in spring and in the first half of summer.
- 1st watering is carried out in the spring, during the growth of shoots;
- 2nd - at the end of June-beginning of July, during the period of formation and filling of fruits and to prevent the dropping of the ovary;
- 3rd - after and cherry plum.
Infertile young cherry and plum trees need to be watered in June and July.
Sea buckthorn
Sea buckthorn is very responsive to watering during the filling of berries.
The watering rate for sea buckthorn is 30-35 l / m².
In a dry autumn, water-charging watering of the entire garden is necessarily carried out in October at the rate of 4-5 buckets per 1 m².
Monitoring the moisture content of the soil layer, in which the bulk of the tree roots are located, will also help you determine the watering period:
- for a young garden, the thickness of the wet soil layer is 20-50 cm,
- for fruit-bearing apple trees - 70-90 cm,
- pears - 40-50 cm,
- cherries - 30-40 cm,
- plums, cherry plums, sea buckthorn - 20-30 cm.
How much water do fruit trees need?
I think there is no need to say that watering is rare, but plentiful, many times better than watering frequent, but scarce.
Irrigation rate for fruit trees:
- for a non-fruiting seedling - 3-5 buckets (30-50 l),
- for a 3-5 year old tree - 5-8 buckets (50-80 l) of water,
- for a 7-10-year-old tree - 12-15 buckets (120-150 l) of water,
- for a tree older than 12-15 years - 3-5 buckets per 1 m2 of the near-trunk circle.
For example, on sandy soils, the number of irrigations should be increased, and the water rate should be reduced, and on clay, vice versa.
One must also take into account landscape features plot - part of the water can drain down the slope or, conversely, stagnate if the garden is located in a hollow.
On hot sunny days, if possible, you can carry out refreshing sprinkling of the entire garden, which is very good for the condition of the plants.
Today you learned how to organize garden watering - when and how much water fruit trees need, and we will discuss the garden and how it is easier to deliver water to plant roots later. I am sure that the information received will help you keep your garden fresh and productive in any weather.
In the first years after planting, trees are in great need of water. It is imperative to water them. In areas with sufficient rainfall during spring and the first half of summer, trees are watered three to four times, and in dry areas six to eight times.
Watering fruit trees should be plentiful, able to wet the soil to a depth of at least 50-60 centimeters. In areas of sufficient moisture for one watering per newly planted tree spend two or three buckets water , and in arid - three or four buckets. For a seven to ten year old tree watering rate increases to ten - fifteen buckets. Average water rate per 1 square meter trunk circle is two or three buckets, and sometimes four or five buckets.
Irrigation in annular grooves
For better conservation moisture and the approach of water to the bulk of the roots watering produce not superficially, but into annular grooves who do by trunk circle in the amount of two or three. On heavy soils annular grooves do depth 10-15 centimeters, 20 centimeters wide at a distance of no closer than 1 meter from the trunk. After the water has been absorbed into the soil, annular grooves fall asleep and trunk circles align.
In irrigated areas, it is best to carry out furrow irrigation .
For Polive and fruit trees in a young garden it is enough to arrange one furrow on each side of the row at a distance of about 60-80 centimeters from the trees. Works well in backyard gardens "cup" watering , directly to trunk circles ( ""). After watering, the soil in the garden is loosened.
Video: How to properly care for fruit trees
How to properly care for fruit trees
When caring for a young garden, it is necessary to ensure the survival of all planted fruit trees, create conditions for good growth seedlings and building the correct crown of the tree, as well as to ensure the early entry of trees into the fruiting season.
