Faire in passe compose in French. The past tense in French is passé composé. Verbs that conjugate with être

In French, the verb form is very diverse. This is especially true for the past tense. IN indicative mood there are 5 past forms, one of which is passé composition(past complex).

Passé composition:

• Expresses: an action that is completed, took place in the past, or precedes an action in the present.
• Used both orally and in writing. It is translated into Russian using perfective and imperfective verbs.
• Formed using the present tense auxiliary verb (avoir or être) + participe passé (past participle) of the conjugated verb.

PARTICIPE PASSE is formed differently for different groups of verbs (see table):

Example of conjugation in the past tense of verbs Parler/Finir/Etre:

• j'ai parlé,tu as parlé, il a parlé elle a parlé, nous avons parlé, vous avez parlé, ils ont parlé, elles ont parlé
• j'ai fini,tu as fini, il a fini elle a final nous avons fini, vous avez fini, ils ont fini, elles ont fini
• j'ai eté,tu as été, il a eté elle a été, nous avons eté, vous avez eté, ils ont eté, elles ont eté

C être verbs are conjugated :

• Mourir, naître, arriver, partir, aller, venir, sortir, entrer, tomber, rester, descendre, monter
• Some derivatives from them (revenir, devenir, rentrer)
• Pronominal reflexive verbs (se laver, se lever)

WITH avoir conjugate : all other verbs, including avoir And être

A detailed table of verb conjugations is given A for the forms of the past participle (participe passé) of the main verbs of all groups, see

Participate passé verbs conjugated with Etre consistent with sort of And number with a subject (for feminine gender – add at the end E, for plural add at the end S). For example:

• Aller
  je suis allé, tu es allé, il est allé elle est allée, nous sommes allés, vous etes allés ils sont allés, elles sont allées

Participate passé verbs conjugated with Avoir consistent with sort of And number With direct object, if it is located before the verb Avoir:

1) The direct object is expressed by a direct object pronoun

• Repétez votre question je l'ai mal compris e(comprendre la question)

2) The sentence begins with question words quel And combien de (For"combien"not necessary)

• Quels livres avez-vous achete s? (acheter les livres)

3) In sentences with a construction … que (qu’) … , where que - “which, which, which, etc.”

• Les fautes que vous avez fait es(faire les fautes)

Negative and interrogative forms in the past tense using the example of a verb Parler:

• Je n'ai pas parlé
• Tu n'as pas parlé
• Il n'a pas parlé
• Nous n' avons pas parlé
• Vous n'avez pas parlé
• Ils n'ont pas parlé

• J'ai parlé. - Ai-je parlé?
• Tu as parlé. - As-tu parlé?
• Il a parlé. -A- t-il parle?
• Nous avons parlé. — Avons-nous parlé?
• Vous avez parlé. — Avez-vous parlé?
• Ils ont parlé. - Ont-ils parlé?

The French use this tense to indicate a completed time in the past. Passé composé similar to English Past Simple. But the name of this tense is translated as follows: passé - past and composé - complex compound. But don’t rush to get scared! It is called that only because it consists of two parts - a verb avoir or être in the present tense and past participles. And from a logical point of view, everything is simple! So, let's “sort out” our beautiful - Passé composé.

Verbs in the past complex tense are conjugated using the participle of the verb participe passé. It is included in other difficult times. But we will talk about this later, in our subsequent . Remember that verbs in French are divided into groups? To refresh your knowledge, we suggest you refer to our article .

So for Group I we just need to add verbs to the stem of the verb -é , For example:

manger- mang + é = mangé;

acheter- achet + é = acheté;

penser- pens + é = pensé.

For verbs II group another method is used, namely adding to the base -i:

grandir- grand + i = grandi;

jaunir- jaun + i = jauni;

finir- fin + i = fini.

But for group III there is no single recipe. The past participle form can be found in almost any book on the French language. We also bring to your attention with the sacrament participe passé and examples of use.

Conjugation in pass é compos é of verbs with avoir and ê tre

* Feminine gender.

** Plural.

Let's go back to function verbs again. avoir And être. So, in order to determine which of them to conjugate our verb with, you need to remember a small rule.

With verb être conjugate :

1. reflexive verbs;
2. verbs of motion;
3. verbs of transition to states;

aller - to go, to go

arriver - to arrive

descendre - go down, get out (from a car or other vehicles)

décéder - to die

devenir - to become

éclore - to hatch (from an egg), to blossom

entrer - to enter, to move in

monter - to rise, sit down (in a vehicle)

mourir - to die

naître - to be born

partir - to leave, to leave

rester - stay

renter - to return

revenir - to return

sortir - to go out, to leave

tomber - to fall

venir - to come, to come

When conjugated with être, the participle passé changes in gender and number:

Je me suis assis devant la fenêtre et je me suis mis au travel. “I sat down in front of the window and got to work.

Nous nous sommes couchesà dix heures. — We went to bed at ten o’clock.

Elle est nee en Suisse en 1985. - She was born in Switzerland in 1985.

Les diplomates son partis pour Vienne par le train. — The diplomats left for Vienna by train.

Quand est-il sorti du bureau? - When did he leave the office?

Les participants de l'expédition sont tombés malades l'un après l'autre. — The expedition members fell ill one after another (one after another).

We boldly submit the remaining verbs to our beloved one - avoir:

J'ai eu une ideale brillante. “I had a brilliant idea.”

Nous avons recu un telegramme et un colis. — We received a telegram and a parcel.

Pourquoi n' as-tu pas tenu what password? - Why didn’t you keep your word?

Some adverbs and pronouns can occupy the space between the function verb and the participle. This - bien, beaucoup, tout, déjà encore(the latter in negative form).

As-tu bien dormi? - You slept well?

Aujourd'hui nous avons beaucoup travaille. — Today we worked a lot.

J'ai tout compris. - I got it.

Les ouvriers ont day Fini le travail. — The workers have already finished their work.

Ils n't pas encore réparé l'auto. — They haven't fixed the car yet.

The participle changes in gender and number only in the presence of a direct object expressed by pronouns.

As-tu vu le fi lm animé? - Oui, je l'ai vu. -Have you watched this cartoon? - Yes, I watched it.

Avez-vous lu la revue? - Non, je ne l'ai pas lue. -Have you read the magazine? - No, I haven’t read it. (“Magazine” is feminine in French, so the participle has a feminine ending.)

Ont-ils discuté tous les problems? - Oui, ils les ont discussions. — Have they discussed all the problems? - Yes, they discussed them. (The masculine plural is indicated in the participle by ending s. Note that "problem" is masculine in French.)

Ont-elles écrit toutes les paroles? - Non, elles ne les ont pas écrites. — Did they write all the words? - No, they didn't write them. (Here the feminine participle is plural.)

Les questions que nous vous avons posées ne sont pas très diffi ciles. — The questions you asked are not very difficult. (The feminine participle is plural, as it agrees with the word “questions”.)

The French have a number of verbs that can be conjugated with avoir, and with être. This descendre, monter, rentrer, sortir. They conjugate with the verb avoir in the event that they become transitive and change meaning.

Descendre- 1) bring down, lower; 2) go down (l’escalier - down the stairs). Please note that in Russian the verb is intransitive, and in French it is transitive.

Monter- 1) lift, 2) assemble, mount, 3) climb in combination with l’escalier (climb the stairs), la rue (climb the street), la rivière (climb the river). And again, although in the Russian version there is a preposition, in French it is a transitive verb.

Rentrer- bring in, put away inside.

Sort- take out, take out, release.

Compare:

Le garçon estdescendu au rez-de-chaussee. — The boy went down to the first floor.

Le garçon a descendu l'escalier. — The boy went down the stairs.

Les voyageurs sont descendus du wagon. — Passengers got out of the carriage

Le porteur a descendu mes bags. — The porter carried my luggage downstairs.

La jeune fille Est Montée au deuxième étage en ascenseur. — The girl went up to the third floor by elevator.

La jeune fille a monté l'escalier. — The girl went up the stairs.

Nous sommes montés dans le wagon et avons occupé nos places. — We climbed (sat down) into the carriage and took our seats.

Les techniciens ont monté la machine en trois jours. — The technicians installed the machine in three days.

Mes parents sont rentsà neuf heures. — My parents returned at nine o'clock.

Ils ont rent les meubles. — They brought in the furniture.

Mon voisin a rent sa voiture dans le garage. — My neighbor put the car in the garage.

Je suis sorti de la maison et allé à l’université. — I left home and went to university.

Elle a sorti son mouchoir et seché les larmes. “She pulled out a handkerchief and wiped away her tears.

L'usine d'automobiles a sorti le premier Citroën au mois de mai. — The car plant produced the first Citroen in May.

Well, here we are with one of the past tenses in the French language. But do not rush to be sad - the French, in oral speech They use only three past tenses, and we have already met one of them. And the rest - mainly in written, literary speech.

The tense passé composé is formed from the auxiliary verb and the past participle of the main verb. To write a verb in passé composé, you first need to select and put into the correct conjugation an auxiliary verb in the present tense (être or avoir). Then you should use the main verb in the past tense form. The tense passé composé is used to describe a past completed action.

Steps

Past participle

Replace -er on é . -er to form a past participle, it is enough to remove the ending -er and put in its place é . For example, the past form of the verb parler(to speak) is parlé.

If the verb ends in -ir, remove r. If a regular verb has an ending -ir, do not remove it completely. In this case, it is enough to remove one letter r so that the verb has an ending i. For example, verb choice(to choose) has a past participle choisi.

Replace ending -re on u. If a regular verb ends in -re, just remove this ending and replace it with u. For example, verb vendre(sell) has a past participle vendu.

1. Remember irregular verbs. Like many other languages, French has a number of regular verbs. These verbs may have endings similar to regular verbs, but they are conjugated differently. The past participles of these verbs also do not follow the rules used for regular verbs, so you will have to learn them.

   • In some cases, you can be guided by certain rules. For example, for most irregular verbs with ending -oir past participles end in u. Thus, the verb "voir" (to see) has past form"vu", and the verb "vouloir" (to want, to desire) is "voulu".
   • Most irregular verbs with endings -re in the past tense ends with -is. For example, the verb "comprendre" (to understand) has the past participle "compris", and the verb "apprendre" (to learn) has the past participle "appris".

2. Conjugate the verb avoir in present time. Irregular verb avoir often used in French. If you haven't done so yet, just learn how to conjugate this verb, as it is often used, including to form the passé composé tense.

   • J"ai: I have.
   • Tu as: you have.
   • Il/elle a: he/she has.
   • Nous avons: we have.
   • Vous avez: you have.
   • Ils/elles ont: they have.

3. Connect the verb avoir With correct form past participles. Passé composé is the complex past tense. Auxiliary avoir shows when the action took place (in the past). The past form of the main verb indicates what action was performed.

   • For example: "J"ai entendu les nouvelles" (I heard the news).

Passé composé with the verb être

1. To form passé composé with reflexive verbs, an auxiliary verb is used être(be). If you are talking about an action that someone did to themselves, you should use the verb être to form the passé composé. For example, "Jean s"est brossé les dents", that is, "Jean brushed his teeth."

   • Reflexive verbs are easy to recognize because they are preceded by a pronoun in the indefinite form se. For example, "se réveiller" is a reflexive verb that means "to wake up."

2. Add the appropriate reflexive pronoun. The reflexive pronoun must match the subject. Remember the correct reflexive pronoun forms for all personal pronouns.

   • Reflexive pronoun for je is me: “Je me lave” (I wash my face).
   • Reflexive pronoun for tu is te: "Tu te laves" (you wash your face).
   • Reflexive pronoun for il/elle is se: “Il/elle se lave” (he/she washes his/her face).
   • Reflexive pronoun for nous is nous: “Nous nous lavons” (we wash ourselves).
   • Reflexive pronoun for vous is vous: "Vous vous lavez" (you all wash your face).
   • Reflexive pronoun for ils/elles is se: “Ils se lavent” (they wash themselves).

3. Conjugate the verb être in present time. Use that form of the verb être, which corresponds to the person and number of the subject. This is an irregular verb, so remember how it is conjugated.

   • Je suis: I am.
   • Tues: you are.
   • Il/elle est: he/she is.
   • Nous sommes: we are.
   • Vous etes: you are.
   • Ils/elles sont: they are.

4. Complete the verb être the correct form of the past participle. Verb être in the appropriate conjugation it comes before the past participle of the main verb. Voila! You've got time passé composé.

   • For example: “Je me suis réveillé trop tard” (I woke up too late).

5. Make sure the past participle agrees with the subject. As a rule, when forming a passé composé with an auxiliary verb être The past participle must agree with the subject in gender and number. Add an ending to the participle e, if the subject is feminine and the ending is s for a plural subject.

   • For example: "Elle s"est amusée" (she had fun).
   • There are some exceptions. The past participle does not need to agree with the subject when referring to a part of the body. For example: "Elle s"est lavée" (she washed her face), but "Elle s"est lavé les cheveux" (she washed her hair).

6. Try to remember the verbs with which you should use an auxiliary verb être, using a mnemonic rule. In addition to reflexives, there are some other verbs in French that use an auxiliary verb être in passé composition. These verbs can be remembered using the following mnemonic rule "DR (and) MRS VANDERTRAMP".

   • The letters included in this rule correspond to the initial letters of the following verbs: devenir(become), revenir(come back), monter(get up), retourner(turn over), sortir(go out) venir(come), aller(go), naître(to be born) descendre(to go down), enterr(enter), renter(to return/to return home), tomber(fall), rester(stay), arrive(arrive), mourir(to die) and partir(leave).

Be sure to watch the video lessons on this topic BEFORE you start reading the text. The topic in the video is explained very simply - this will remove your fear of the topic and save time on studying.

The past tense in French can be expressed different ways. The main thing is what you want to focus on (whether the action ended or not, it happened quite recently or a very long time ago...).

Passé Composé tense is necessary when we want to emphasize:

Action in the past it's over(the verb will answer the question “what did you do?”):

Il a parlé de son voyage. – He told about your journey.

The verb can also answer the question “what did you do?”, but it will indicate “ with how many and before“how many”, that is limited time period:

Il a parlé pendant une heure. – He spoke for an hour.

Passé Composé is formed using auxiliary verbs
avoir or ê tre and itself verb in past tense(participe passé).

How can we decide whether avoir or ê tre will help us form this tense?

The verb ê tre is conjugated with:

• All returnable Verbs,
• and the following verbs of movement and change of state:

Conjugate with the verb avoir all other verbs.

How the verb itself is formed in the past tense:

Verbs first group forming the past form is very simple: ending -er be replaced by -é :

travailler – travaillé

Past tense for verbs 2nd group is formed even more simply: just remove the ending -r :

You can also just remember typical endings for verbs in the past tense:

ending - é

This applies to verbs 1 group(with infinitive to - er), as well as irregular verbs aller, ê tre, na ître:

ending - i

This applies to verbs 2 groups(with infinitive to - ir), as well as irregular verbs ending in - tir , -mir :

ending - t

For the verbs écrire, faire, dire:

ending - rt

For verbs ending in - frir, -vrir :

aller

Attention! Remember that when a verb changes into the past tense with ê tre, it must be of the same gender (masculine – feminine) and number (singular – plural) as the subject it refers to.

Il est entré dans la chambre. – He entered the room (literally: He there is in shiy).
Elle est entrée dans la chambre. – He A entered A into the room (literally: she there is in and I).
Ils sont entrés. – He And entered And (They there is in no).
Elles sont entrées. – They (the women) entered.
Vou s vous etes bien amuses? – Did you have fun?

If you noticed, we coordinated the past tense form of the verbs (we made them the same in gender and number) with the subject. (I, you, we...), since the auxiliary verb was ê tre.

When the auxiliary verb is avoir, with a subject no need to coordinate.

Il a lu cette nouvelle. – He read this novella (he has read the novella).
Elle a lu cette nouvelle. – She read this novella (she has read the novella).

Doesn't matter Who(he or she) read the novella. The word “read” refers to the novella itself! That is why it does not need to be coordinated with the subject “he – she”.

BUT! If we replace the word “short story” with the corresponding pronoun - object(short story - her), then according to the rule it will appear before the verb (in the case of this past tense before the auxiliary verb). And then we will have to reconcile it with the past tense form. Why? As always evident from the literal translation))

Il l "a lue (il la a lue). – He read it (he her has read Noah).
Elle l"a lue. – She read it (she her has read nnoy).

In both cases, the short story was read, although now it has been replaced by the word “her,” that is, here we must agree on feminine.

Il les a lues. – He read them (he has them read).

Feminine and plural agreement.

When negated, the particles ne and pas surround auxiliary verb (avoir or ê tre):

Ils n " ont pas encore mangé. – They haven't eaten yet.
Ils ne sont pas encore partis. – They haven't left yet.

Attention! When we deny returnable verb, do not forget that the part of it is reflexive pronouns is part of it (although it stands before it), and therefore is denied along with it:

Je ne me suis pas réveillée. – I didn’t wake up.

The same applies to pronouns - objects(me, you, them...). They will also stand before the auxiliary verb and negated with it.

Je lui ai telephone. - I called him.
Je ne lui ai pas telephone. – I didn't call him.

Attention! Very important!

Some verbs can also be conjugated with avoir (if after them will just stand word without preposition), and with ê tre (when after it there will be some pretext). At the same time, they will change their meaning.

Je suis descendue de la voiture. – I got out (descended) from the car.
J"ai descendu ma valise. – I lowered my suitcase.

Je suis passée devant ta maison. – I walked in front of your house.
J"ai passé mes vacanciesà l "étranger. – I spent my holidays abroad.

Je suis sortie de la maison. – I left the house.
J"ai sorti me papiers. – I pulled out my documents.

If you need explanations of this grammar topic in voice, as well as an additional set of exercises, you can find it in our audio course

Past completed tense (Passé composé)

Use

In Russian, it most often corresponds to the past tense of perfective verbs, i.e. answers the question "What did you do?".

However, sometimes verbs of the imperfect form of the past tense can be translated into French in this tense, if in the sentence

1) specified completed period of time during which this action took place (for example, the sentence contains the words longtemps, toute la nuit, 3 heures, 3 jours, etc.) - Nous avons discuté cette nouvelle toute la soirée. - We discussed this news all evening..

2) emphasized result of action, and not the process of its occurrence. Avez-vous lu ce livre? - Have you read this book? (This means “read”, i.e. you know its contents).

Education

This is a difficult time, in the formation of which they participate two verbs – auxiliary(avoir or être) and semantic, from which the past participle is formed (participe passé):

Negative form

In a negative form first negative particle ne (n' before a word starting with a vowel or with h) is placed before the auxiliary verb, the second ( pas) - after the auxiliary verb. The participle is placed after the second negative particle! Iln' estpas tombé.

Past participle (Participe passé)

Past participle ( Participepassé) used both independently (usually coincides with the Russian passive participle) and to form complex tenses.

Education

Depending on the verb group:

1 gr. verbs: stem + é (parl er → parlé)

2 gr. verbs: stem + i(fin ir → fini)

3 gr. - there is no single rule for the formation of participles. The participle must be looked up in a grammar reference book.

Participe passé of verbs of 3 groups:

Participles from the most commonly used irregular verbs in French:

aller - allé

apprendre - appris

avoir - eu

boire - bu

comprendre - compris

connaître - connu

faire - faith

dire - dit

ecrire - ecrit

être - eté

lire - lu

mettre - mis

mourir - mort

naître - ne

partir - parti

pouvoir - pu

prendre - pris

repondre - repondu

rire - ri

savoir - su

sortir - sorti

sourire - souri

traduire - traduit

venir - venu

vivre - vécu

voir - vu