Turkish case system with Manuş Baba. Turkish Case System with Manuş Baba Turkish Pronouns

Turkish does not have prepositions like Russian does, but there are six types of case affixes that replace them. All case affixes are stressed, I join the root of the word.

Cases of the Turkish language briefly:

1. Dative-a/ -e or -ya/ -ye answers Kime's question? - “To whom?”, “To whom?”, Neye? "What?", Nereye? - "Where?"
2. local case-da/ -de answers Nerede's question? - "Where?", Kimde? - "Who?"
3. original case-dan/ -den or -tan/ -ten answers Nereden's questions? "where?", Kimden? "(from) whom?", Neden? “from what?”, “why?
4. Accusative-yi/ -yı/ -yu/ -yü or ı/ -i/ -u/ -ü answers Kimi's questions? - "Who?", Neyi? - "What?
5. Instrumental case ile, together: -yle/ -yla or -le/ -la answers Kiminle's questions? - "With whom?", Neyle? - "With what?"
6. Genitive-in/ -ın/ -un/ -ün or -nin/ -nın/ -nun/ -nün answers Kimin's questions? - "Who?", Neyin? - "What?"

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Now let's see how each of the cases is used. Turkish:

Accusative

in Turkish accusative may or may not take an affix: the case does not take an affix when the object is an indefinite or inanimate object. For example: Ne yapıyorsun? Kitap okuyorum. (What are you doing? I'm reading a book)

When the object is a proper, personal or demonstrative pronoun, an animate object or an inanimate object that belongs to any person, as well as plural. For example: Arkadaşlarını gördüm (I saw your friends)
Onu bekliyorum (I'm waiting for him)
Şu kitabı istiyorum (I want that book over there)

Ben - beni
Sen-seni
O-onu Biz-bizi
Siz-sizi
Onlar - onlarI

Dative

This case is also called directional. Indicates the direction of action or movement.
For example:
Bugun kime gidiyorsun? (Who are you going to today?)
Bugün Ali "ye gidiyorum (Today I'm going to Ali)
Nereye gidiyorsun? (Where are you going?)
Okula gidiyorum (I go to school)

Don't forget to learn case forms personal pronouns!
Ben-bana
Sen-sana
O-ona Biz-bize
Size
Onlar - onlara

original case

The original case denotes the starting point of the movement, action.
Nereden geliyorsun? (Where are you coming from?)
Piknikten geliyorum (I'm coming back) from a picnic)

Don't forget to learn the case forms of personal pronouns!
Ben - benden
Sen-senden
O - ondan biz - bizden
siz - sizden
onlar - onlardan

Instrumental case

The combination of the postposition ile with nouns and pronouns in Turkish is expressed in the instrumental case.
The postposition ile is usually written separately from the word, but you can also find the form -la, -le after consonants and -yla, -yle after vowels.

Don't forget to learn the case forms of personal pronouns!
Ben - benimle
Sen - seninle
O-onunla biz-bizimle
siz - sizinle
onlar - onlarla

Genitive

The genitive case of the Turkish language corresponds to a combination of two nouns, one of which in Russian is formed in the genitive case (door handle, friend's book, etc.) and is called the two-affix isafet.
For example:
Bu kimin arabasI? (Whose car is it?)
Arkadaşımın arabası (Friend's car)

Don't forget to learn the case forms of personal pronouns!

Ben - benim
Sen-senin
O - onun biz - bizim
siz - sizin
onlar - onlarIn

local case

The local (prepositional) case is used when denoting the location of an object and, as well as when denoting the owner of the object (for me, for you, etc.)
For example: Kitap nerede? (Where is the book?) Kitap masada (The book is on the table)

Don't forget to learn the case forms of personal pronouns!

Ben - bende
Sen-sende
O - onda biz - bizde
siz - sizde
onlar - onlarda

And now let's practice using cases with the song Eteği Belinde by the Turkish singer Manush Baba. His real name is Mustafa Ozkan. He took the pseudonym Manush Baba under the influence of his mother, who called him Manush in childhood - which meant good, nice, sweet. Baba, which means papa, was the first word that little Mustafa said.

The song Eteği Belinde (meaning literally "skirt at the waist") tells about the love of a young man for a girl and impatient expectation of a wedding. The clip shows us the atmosphere of old Istanbul, good neighborly relations and the simple joys of people whose fates were connected by one ancient district.

Lyrics:

Geliyor bak kalem kaşlı (She walks, thin eyebrows literally: like a pencil line)
Etegi belin de gül de takmış, gül de takmış (Waist skirt, rose pinned, rose pinned)
Al dudaklar, mor sümbüller (Scarlet lips, purple hyacinths)
Öyle de güzel ince de belli ince de belli (So pretty, thin waist, thin waist)

Yar Belin e Belin e sarIlamam, ah gece den
Ah öte den beri den bakış atma ah yerim de
Ah yıkadım kuruttum çarşaf ı , serdim ipek yorganı (Ah, washed, dried the sheets, laid a silk blanket)
Ah gunah ı sevab ı boynuma, gel bu gece koynuma (Oh, sin and joy, all mine, come to my arms tonight)

Dedim o na, ey guzel! (I told her, hey beauty!)
Böyle mi geçer bu geceler, bu geceler? (So ​​will these nights go, these nights?)
Neymiş anam bizim bu keder (Mom, what kind of fate is this)
Ne zamana kadar böyle gider, böyle gider? (How long will it last, how long)

Yar beline beline sarılamam, ah gece den duramam (Darling, I can't hug your waist, I can't wait for the night)
Ah öte den beri den bakış atma ah yerim de duramam (Ah, don't look back and forth, ah, I can't stand still)
Ah yıkadım kuruttum çarşafı, serdim ipek yorganı (Ah, washed, dried the sheets, laid a silk blanket)
Ah günahı sevabı boynuma, gel bu gece koynuma (Ah, sin and joy, all mine, come to my arms tonight)

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You will spend 30 minutes on this lesson. To listen to the word, please click on the Audio icon . If you have any questions regarding this course, please contact me by email: Learn Turkish.

Personal pronouns indicate a person or thing that performs the action denoted by the verb. Example: " I I speak two languages."

List of adjectives

Object pronouns indicate the person or thing in relation to which / over which the action is performed. Example: I his I love.

Pronouns with examples

Travel vocabulary

The possessive adjective indicates the object of possession and is placed before the noun. Example: English my native language.

Travel vocabulary

The possessive pronoun indicates the object of possession and should not be placed before a noun. In fact, this pronoun can be used alone. Example: This book my.

Travel vocabulary

This is a travel vocabulary list. If you learn the following words by heart, it will make your conversation with the natives much easier and more enjoyable.

Travel vocabulary

daily conversation

In conclusion, get acquainted with the list of phrases used in everyday communication. Full list popular expressions, please see: Turkish phrases.

Turkish phrases

Benefits of learning a language

Don't worry, you speak Greek with an accent. Many people are attracted to a foreign accent. One British matchmaking agency found that having an accent makes it sexy.

Congratulations! You have completed this tutorial on: pronouns and travel. Ready for the next lesson? We recommend to go turkish lesson 9. You can also click on one of the links below, or return to our homepage by clicking on the link here:

Today we seem to have a lot of topics, but they will be so connected with each other that you won’t even notice how you learn half of the Turkish language today;)

Let's start with "Where?"- from the local case. We need it when the definition of a place goes without a pretext, when this place is logical in itself:

the dress hangs logically in the closet, the book logically lies on the table.

Answers the questions:

Nere de? (Where?)
Kim de? (Who?)

Kim translate as "Who", A nere How "place". Let's look at the questions and see that kimde?- This "who?", A nerede?- This "in which place?".

The locomotive of this case - da / de (ta / te- if we join a deaf consonant)

Thus, the locative case joins the noun in vowel harmony on 2:

Kitap nerede? - Where is the book?
kitap masa da. - The book is on the table. (masa - table, masa + da - on the table)
kitap ben de. - I have the book. (ben - I, ben + de - I have)
kitap dolap ta. - The book is in the closet. (dolap - closet, dolap + ta - in the closet)

This is what you and I figured out if we have something somewhere.

If something is located someone, then we get:

bende - I have
sende - you have
onda - he has
sizde - you have
bizde - with us
onlarda - they have

Now let's deal with my, is yours, our- so-called. possessive pronouns . We will need them both by themselves and for the construction "have".

For example:

benim babam - my father (baba - father)

What does the design consist of:

from the pronoun "my" itself – benim

ben im- my
sen in- is yours
onun - him, her
biz im- our
siz in- your
onlar In- their

and from the noun "father".

But if you look closely, then by itself "father"- This baba, and in our offer babam.

So, you and I need to show the same belonging on the noun, adding the necessary endings to it and setting the correct vowel order. IN oral speech often the pronouns themselves are omitted, but nouns almost always have endings - they indicate to us the owner.

We will build the following endings for nouns according to the harmony of vowels on 4:

my: m(if the last letter in the word is a vowel) or im(if the last letter is a consonant)
is yours: n or in
his her: si or i
our: miz or imiz
your: low or iniz
their: larI – leri!(according to vowel harmony on 2)

For example:

benim babam - my father (baba - father)
bizim babamız - our father
benim evim - my house (ev - house)
bizim evimiz is our home

Let's do it at this stage to secure mine, yours, ours.

Another point to pay attention to in this topic. Look at the words:

What do we see: if we encounter a deaf consonant from the word (dola p) and a vowel from a train ( ı m), then the voiceless consonant of the word in most cases will change to a voiced one in such pairs:

b-p
d-t
c-ç
g, ğ -k

A special place is occupied by words that ended with a letter k. If before the letter k there is a consonant - as in a word renk Then, as we have seen before, k changed to voiced g.

If before the final letter k there is a vowel ekm e k (bread), erk e k (male), dil e k (desire), then when attaching a possessive or personal affix, it will be replaced by a silent letter ğ .

These letter changes we really need to remember, because they work not only for my, is yours, our- we will meet them in the next lessons and it is important that you understand why this or that alternation of letters occurs when the trains are attached.

Well, now let's move on to the last topic of the lesson, which will combine and locative, And my, is yours, our.

verb "have" does not exist in Turkish, but there is a special construction with which we can say "I have a daughter", "he has a car", "we're not in the mood", "you don't have a problem" etc.

There are 2 constructions of possession in Turkish.

The first is the presence of something with you at a particular moment.

This is when we say: "What time is it now? Do you have a watch?". Meaning - now with you. At the institute, a student asks a neighbor on the desk - "Do you have a pen?". Again, of course, I mean "with you", and not generally somewhere at home. In this case, the construction of possession is built through the local case - "who?" and words var(is) and yok(no) , missing.

Sende saat var mı? - Do you have a watch?(saat - hours)
Evet, var. - Yes, I have.
Evet, bende saat var.

Sizde kalem var mi? - Do you have a pen?(kalem - pen)
Hayir, yok. - No no.
Hayır, bende kalem yok.

The second construction differs from the first in meaning in that the object is not owned momentarily, but in general.

"Do you have children?", "Yes, I have a daughter". Whether you have a daughter and children or not, in principle, you cannot put the clarification “with you”, “with you” with them. And here we need our "my", "is yours".

Senin kızın var mı? - Do you have a daughter? ( lit. do you have a daughter?

Sizin çocuklarınız var mı? - Do you have children? ( lit. do you have children?)

Onun arabası var mı? - He has a car? ( lit. does he have a car?

Onun evi var mı? - Does he have a house? ( lit. does he have a house?

Features of Turkish nationality: There are no ownerless relatives in Turkish. Can't just say "Mother" or "dad". Need to say "My mum", "my dad". The same goes for body parts. Phrase "I waved to him" it should look like turkish "I waved my hand to him", otherwise they will think that you have torn off someone's hand and are waving it☺

That's all! One lesson - 3 topics! Everything is easy and clear.

It remains only to do the exercises for each of them and you can move on.