DIY cement at home. It's all a matter of proportions: what cement is made from so that the foundation lasts a long time. Making your own cement mortar

Construction is part of the lives of many citizens, especially those who live in the private sector. It surrounds people everywhere. Today, private construction is developing very actively. It is known that the most commonly used building materials are wood, concrete, brick, and cement. Cement occupies an important place in this industry. With its help, roads, foundations for houses and garages and some other structures are built. To prepare a cement mortar, you need to have all its components on hand. Many people do not know how to make cement with their own hands.

To prepare the simplest cement you will need chalk and kaolin.

The cement mixture consists of three main parts: sand, water and cement powder. This makes it different from concrete in many ways. In concrete, in addition to all the listed components, there is one more - coarse-grained material. It can be represented by crushed stone or gravel. It is important that cement comes in different forms. The grade of the mixture is determined by the type of work performed and the basic requirements for structural strength. Let's take a closer look at the main stages of preparation work. cement mortar at home.

To make your own cement-sand mixture, you need to decide on its type. Currently, lean, normal and fatty solutions are distinguished. They all have their advantages and disadvantages. If in a normal solution the proportion of cement powder does not exceed the norm, then fatty ones contain a lot of cement. All this contributes to the fact that such a mixture will quickly crack after hardening. As for lean mortars, they contain more sand than cement powder. This makes them less durable. In addition, in the construction business there is such a thing as the brand of cement and the mortar itself.

The grade determines the compressive strength of the mortar after hardening. The most commonly used in construction are mortar grades 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200. To make cement with your own hands, you need to choose it correctly. The nature of the work is taken into account. For example, for masonry and plastering works a cement mixture of grade 100 or 150 is often used. For the construction of blocks, it is recommended to use a mortar of grade 100. As for the proportions of the main components, they can be different. This largely depends on the quality of the cement powder. Sand-cement mortars can be masonry, construction or plastering.

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Stages of preparing cement mortar

When making a cement mixture, you need to remember the main stages of the work. They include:

• correct selection of the brand of mixture and brand of cement powder;
• preparation of water, sand and various additives;
• direct cooking.

In some cases, builders need to determine the brand of the resulting solution. This is done quite simply. You need to divide the brand of cement powder by the amount of sand (in buckets). For example, if the main component of grade 400 was used, and there were 4 buckets of sand, then the resulting solution will be grade 100. The first stage includes the selection of cement powder. The brand determines the quality of the material. The higher it is, the stronger the mixture and the entire structure will be.

An interesting fact is that different brands of cement can be used for the same solution. The difference will be in the volume of cement used. Accordingly, the higher the grade of powder, the less it will be required. Ideally, the brand of the mixture should match the brand of the material (if plastering or masonry work is carried out). This is necessary so that the entire structure has the same strength.

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Preparing sand for the mixture

The second very important and responsible stage is the preparation of all other components. First of all, it is sand. To make quality cement, you need to use river sand. It must be cleaned and sufficiently dried. Otherwise, excess moisture may change the water-cement ratio. You need to take the choice of sand for facing masonry very seriously. Such sand should not contain clay particles. The thing is that during the operation of the structure, the clay will leave the solution. All this will ultimately lead to the formation of defects: cracks, holes, voids.

The quality of sand can be determined with the naked eye. River sand has a somewhat grayish color, while clay gives the sand yellow tint. Unrefined sand can also be used in construction, but not for facing masonry. It is suitable for backfill masonry. The amount of sand available must correspond to the volume of work. It is advisable to let the sand sit for several days immediately before use. It must be protected from moisture and stored in a dry place.

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Preparing water for solution

Before making cement, you will need to stock up on water. Only used pure water. Groundwater is most often used. It is not advisable to use salt water. For greater convenience, you can extend the water supply hose. How much water is needed? The volume of water depends on the brand of the required mortar and the quality of the cement. The volume of water when preparing the mixture is approximately equal to the volume of cement powder. If you take a bucket of powder, then the same amount of water is required. Much attention is paid to the quality of the sand.

If it is wet and contains a lot of water, then its amount needs to be reduced. The solution should not be too liquid. Ideally, it has a consistency similar to sour cream. It is also important that water is poured into the concrete mixer first. This ensures optimal mixing. It is best to divide the water into 2 servings. First add one, and at the very end the second (if the mixture turns out thick).

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Other components

Cement consists of more than just cement powder, water and sand. Often other ingredients are added to it. These are various detergents. What are they needed for? Any cement has characteristics such as plasticity and mobility. The simplest solution is to add liquid soap or any other soap to the mixture. detergent. The volume of detergent is 50-100 ml. It will give the solution good plasticity. It must be remembered that this component is added immediately after water, that is, at the very beginning. Water and detergent must be mixed thoroughly to form a slight foam.

If you overdo it with this component, the mixture will lose its strength and the structure will be short-lived. Today there are special additives on the market that can improve the quality of cement. These include various plasticizers and water repellents.

If liquid cement will be used for brick joints, then it is advisable to use dyes. It must be remembered that with a higher grade of liquid cement, the solution turns out darker.

Additives also include an elasticizer. It is used to make tile mortar. Superplasticizers give a good effect. With their help, it is possible to reduce the volume of powdered cement used.

Latex and reinforcing additives are successfully used in the construction industry. The latter increase the strength of cement. At low temperatures, it is recommended to add additives that increase the frost resistance of the solution.

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Mixing the main components

You can prepare liquid cement without the involvement of specialists. This is done manually or using a concrete mixer. A concrete mixer allows you to save energy and also obtain the most homogeneous mass. First of all, water is poured into the concrete mixer. Not all of it is used; some of it is left for last. Detergent or other liquid additives are then added to the water. In order for the solution to dissolve well and mix with water, you need to wait about 3-5 minutes and only then add the bulk components. Sand is put in first. Only 50% of the required volume of sand needs to be added.

At the next stage of work, all the cement powder is placed. After this, the mixture must be mixed very thoroughly and only then add the remaining sand. To obtain high-quality liquid cement, you will need to very accurately calculate the ratio of the main components. If you plan to prepare a mortar of grade 100 in the presence of cement powder of grade 500, then the ratio of cement to sand should be 1:5. This means that for 1 bucket of cement powder you will need 5 buckets of sand. If the grade of cement powder is 400, then the ratio will be 1:4. To prepare a mixture of grade 200, the ratio will be 1:2 (if cement 400 is available). Water must be added until the mixture reaches the desired consistency.

Cement is an artificial powdery substance that acts as a binder when mixing concrete mixtures. In combination with water, it forms a plastic mass, which subsequently hardens and becomes stone-like. What cement is made of primarily depends on the production method. IN general case The basis is clinker in combination with mineral additives and gypsum.

History of cement

The word “cement” comes from the Latin caementum, which translates as “crushed, broken stone.” This substance was the result of a search for ways to cope with the low water resistance of gypsum and limestone rocks. For this purpose, water-resistant mineral substances were introduced into their composition. At the very beginning, they were the remains of baked clay bricks and volcanic rocks. The ancient Romans used ash deposits from the famous volcano Vesuvius - pozzolans.

The optimal cement production technology was developed many years later, when the need for large quantities inexpensive and durable binder has not become the most acute. The greatest contribution to the research was made by:

1. Mason John Aspind, who received a patent for Portland cement in 1824.
2. Russian builder Egor Cheliev, who wrote a book about cement for underwater work in 1825.

The name Portland cement comes from the English island of Portland, which consists of limestone rocks. In England, stones from this island were considered the most prestigious building material. Aspind managed to obtain an artificial stone, which in strength and color was very similar to the specified material.

But it was made without firing the raw materials. Greater compliance of the technology with what is Portland cement today is noted precisely in the Cheliev production process.

What is cement made from: composition and main raw materials

The composition of cement includes the following components:

1. Lime (calcium oxide, CaO) - 60%.
2. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) - 20%.
3. Aluminum (alumina, Al2O3) - 4%.
4. Gypsum and iron oxides (Fe2O3) - 2%.
5. Magnesium oxide (MgO) - 1%.

The indicated percentage of the listed components is typical for the most popular type of cement - Portland cement. It may vary somewhat. It all depends on the production technology and class of cement products.

Important! Existence various types and brands explains the lack of accurate chemical formula cement. All important information give indicators of the mineralogical composition.

The main thing cement is made from is clinker. This is the name given to the product of firing the raw materials - limestone and clay, which are taken in a 3:1 ratio. Clinker is a semi-finished product for producing cement. After firing at temperatures up to 1500 °C, the clinker is crushed, as a result of which it is presented in the form of granules with a diameter of up to 60 mm.

During grinding, additives are added to the clinker composition:

1. Gypsum (CaSO42H2O), which regulates setting times.
2. Corrective additives (up to 15-20%), improving certain properties of cement: plasticizers, additives, etc.).

Different rocks are used as the main raw material for cement production:

1. Carbonate type fossils. They can have an amorphous or crystalline structure, which determines how effectively the material will interact with other components in the composition when fired.
2. Sedimentary origin. This is a clay raw material with a mineral base, which, when excessively moistened, becomes plastic and swells, i.e. increases in volume. The main feature of the material is its viscosity, which determines its use in the dry production process.

Among the carbonate rocks used for cement production are:

1. Marly limestone, or marl. Contains clay impurities, therefore it is considered a transitional material between carbonate and clayey rocks.
2. Chalk is a type of smearing limestone, which is characterized by ease of grinding.
3. Shell rock. It is characterized by a porous structure, which is not very resistant to compressive loads.
4. Dolomite rocks. Of all types of carbonate rocks, they have the most valuable physical properties.

Clay rocks used in cement production include:

1. Clay. The main type of clayey rock with mineral inclusions in its composition.
2. Loam. It differs from clay in the increased concentration of dust particles and sand fraction.
3. Loess. Less plastic rock. It is more characterized by porosity, friability and fine grain. Loess may contain inclusions of quartz or silicate.
4. Shale. Of all types of similar rocks, it has the highest strength. When crushed, shale is converted into plate-like particles. The material contains little moisture and is characterized by a stable granulometric composition.

Corrective additives

For the purpose of adjustment, special mineral additives are introduced into the cement composition. First of all, these are modifiers based on fossils containing:

1. iron,
2. flint-belite
3. fluorspar,
4. apatite,
5. alumina.

Also, corrective additives can be provided by industrial waste from other industries. They are used:

1. pyrite cinders;
2. dust from blast furnaces;
3. belite sludge;
4. mineralizers.

The use of additives can improve the characteristics of cement and concrete mortar, which is prepared on its basis. Each of the modifiers gives the mixture special properties, for example:

1. - has anti-frost, plasticizing and accelerating effects.
2. - allows you to obtain a highly mobile concrete mixture with increased workability, as well as increase the activity of the binder, i.e. cement, and ensure complete hydration.
3. and - waterproofing, water-reducing, water-repellent surface treatment agent.
4. - increases the strength, frost resistance, water resistance and durability of concrete products.
5. - a multifunctional water-reducing and plasticizing additive that increases the grade strength of concrete products.
6. - accelerator additive used for concrete mixtures, which are subject to high early strength requirements.

How cement is made: 3 main ways

Cement production in modern conditions carried out in one of three ways:

1. Wet. Its main feature is the replacement of lime with chalk, as well as the production process with the addition of water. The raw material for production here is a mixture (a mixture of starting materials) with a humidity of up to 50%.
2. Dry. This technology has minimal energy consumption and cost, since several technological operations are combined into one process. Entering the ball mill, all components are simultaneously ground and dried.
3. Combined. This production method combines the features of dry and wet technology processes. Here, based on the results of firing, a semi-dry composition with a moisture content of 18% is obtained.

Dry production method

How cement is made using dry technology:

1. The feedstock is crushed.
2. Dry it to a certain humidity level.
3. The dried mixture is ground to flour.
4. It is fired inside a rotating kiln, after which it is cooled and sent to storage.

Wet production technology

Unlike the dry manufacturing method, here after grinding the components, additional water is added to them. The result is not flour, but raw material sludge, which goes into the oven for firing, and then into the refrigerator for cooling. Already cooled clinker is crushed and supplemented with additives.

Combined manufacturing technology

The combined method of cement production combines the stages of dry and wet:

1. First, raw sludge is obtained using wet technology.
2. The sludge is subjected to dewatering and granulation.
3. The granules are fired in a kiln, which is used for dry technology.

Clinker-free production method

In clinker-free production technology, hydraulic or blast furnace slag is used as the raw material for cement production. It is also supplemented with various additives and activators. The resulting slag-alkali mixture is crushed and ground to a powder state. This production technology has several advantages:

1. Improving the cleanliness of the environment by recycling waste from the metallurgical industry.
2. Obtaining a product with high resistance to negative environmental influences.
3. The ability to produce cement with different properties and in a wide range of shades.
4. Lower costs for electricity and heat.

Types of cement by composition and scope of application

Video: what is Portland slag cement

Cement production in factories

The production of cement using the wet method is traditionally carried out by domestic cement factories. Dry technology is more often used abroad. It is used by cement factories in China, Turkey and Egypt. White cement is produced by only one Russian enterprise - Holsim (Rus) SM LLC. Much of this type of binder is often supplied by foreign companies, such as:

1. AalborgWhite (Denmark).
2. Cimsa/Adana (Türkiye).
3. "Holcim" (Slovakia).

IN general view Cement production technology includes several stages:

1. Mixing all components to make clinker (75% limestone and 25% clay).
2. Roasting of raw materials at high temperature. At this stage, clinker is obtained, which is the basis for cement.
3. Grinding clinker in ball mills. The result should be a substance with a powdery consistency. A ball mill is a horizontal drum with steel balls inside.

Please note: the smaller the clinker grinding fraction, the higher the performance characteristics and grade of the cement composition.

Cement production equipment

Cement production at each stage requires the use of special equipment. It is divided into the following categories:

1. for the extraction of feedstock;
2. for transporting raw materials to the production site;
3. kiln;
4. ball mills for grinding and mixing clinker;
5. machines for packaging ready-made cement.

How to make cement at home

You can get cement at home, but only if you have all the starting materials and necessary equipment:

1. blast furnace for firing at a temperature of 1500 °C;
2. crusher for grinding clinker into flour.

In one of the ways homemade cement uses resin and sulfur. The resulting cement can be used for laying tiles and bricks, creating cement screed. The manufacturing technology is as follows:

1. Melt 1 kg of resin in a metal container and 1 kg of sulfur in a fireproof container.
2. Combine the liquid ingredients and mix until smooth.
3. Add 2 kg of sifted homogeneous sand and 3 kg of lead oxide (lead litharge).
4. Constantly heating the mixture, stir it until a homogeneous mass is obtained.
5. Fire in a blast furnace and let the product settle.

In reality, there are certain difficulties in making cement at home, since production requires a kiln and a mill for grinding. In this regard, at home it is necessary to slightly change the cement recipe, using water, aqueous lime and stone ash for its production. The resulting solution is suitable for sealing small cracks, and it must be used immediately after production.

Video: how to make fireproof cement from ash

How is white cement made?

The difference between white cement also lies in its composition. It contains less iron than gray, and also contains additives:

1. mineral,
2. gypsum,
3. salt,
4. limestone, etc.

The starting raw materials for the production of white cement are clayey or carbonate rocks. The main advantage of the binder is its snow-white color, which increases decorative properties cement mixture. Because of this white cement often also called decorative. At the same time, due to more complex production technology, the material has a higher cost.

Video: white concrete table in Loft style

Video: how to prepare a mortar on white cement

Video: how and from what cement is made

To mix cement mortar, it is necessary to maintain the proportions of its components. For 1 part cement there are 3 parts sand. Water is added depending on how plastic or viscous the solution needs to be. Also, the proportions are selected taking into account the type of work and brand of cement. For example, to prepare a solution for a floor screed, use the proportions from the table:

First, dry fractions, i.e. cement and sand, are mixed together. Only then do they begin to add water in small portions, gradually bringing the composition to the desired consistency. As a filler, you can use not only sand, but also gravel or crushed stone.

Please note: it is better to use sediment water for mixing the solution rather than tap water.

Solution classes for different types works:

1. M50 or M100 - for plastering work;
2. M50 or M100 - for the construction of brickwork;
3. M100 or M200 - for floor screed;
4. M200 or M300 - for foundations and foundations.

To mix the solution, you must use a special tray or concrete mixer. The latter allows you to obtain a mixture of the most uniform consistency.

Video: cement mortar, preparation without tools

Video: how to properly mix cement mortar

Finally

In the modern world, cement is produced in a large number of different types, which allows you to choose a binder for any construction work. Through the use of various additives, cement can be given certain properties and used in various difficult conditions, for example, for structures operated under water or at low temperatures. Cement is very easy to use and can also be prepared at home if you know its composition and general technology manufacturing.

– the basis of any building structure. Almost every building around us, one way or another, was erected using cement mortar. Construction material, created on the basis of cement, can withstand multi-ton loads for decades, practically without experiencing negative influence from outside. Why has cement been the most popular building material for many decades? The editors of the site will try to reveal the very secret formula, thanks to which we will finally find out what exactly cement is made of and why it is considered one of the most durable materials in the whole world.

Read in the article

Regulations

Cement, like any other product, must undergo a certification procedure. There are several GOSTs and SNiPs, which to one degree or another relate to the quality of the cement mixture. We list the main ones:

1. GOST 31108-2003 “General construction cements. Technical conditions".
2. GOST 30515-97 “Cements. General technical conditions".
3. GOST 10178-85 “Portland cement and Portland slag cement. Technical conditions".

Chemical composition of cement

Cement itself is nothing more than powder. It is created on the basis of clinker. The composition may contain various components and fillers.

Interesting fact! When cement mortar hardens, its density is not inferior to the density of stone. For creating artificial stone Cement is also used.

Heating occurs up to +1450°C. The structure of natural components changes, and a new substance is obtained - clinker. After this, the resulting substance is combined with gypsum and ground, resulting in the familiar cement powder.

A comment

"This is what it looks like chemical composition finished cement powder: 67% calcium oxide (CaO), 22% silicon dioxide (SiO2), 5% aluminum oxide (Al2O3), 3% iron oxide (Fe2O3), 3% other components.

Main characteristics

For cement main technical characteristics What remains is its brand; it is this marking that will tell about such an important characteristic as the maximum load indicator in kg.

The numbers indicate the maximum rate that can withstand hardened cement. It is also called the compressive strength index. In practice, this value indicates the weight that the material can withstand without collapsing. For example, when using M200 cement, the load that 1 cm³ can withstand is 200 kg.

Interestingly, it is allowed to test cement only after complete drying, and this happens after 28 days and not earlier. After this, a test sample of cement is placed under a press and compressed. The pressure at which it began to collapse is its mark. Moreover, the procedure is repeated six times, and then the arithmetic mean is calculated from the 4 best indicators. This indicator is measured in MPa and kg/cm².

A comment

Team leader of the repair and construction company "Dom Premium"

“The letter “D” indicates data on special additives used in cement. For example, D10 indicates that 10% additives were added to the dry mixture. Thanks to them, it is possible to give the finished structure additional strength and frost resistance.

Types of cement by area of ​​use

As we noted earlier, the quality of the cement mixture is affected by various additives. Its scope of application and strength depend on this. For example, frost-resistant samples are used in buildings in areas with harsh climates; in seismically hazardous areas, additives are used that increase the adhesiveness of the mixture. They, in turn, prevent concrete structures from cracking.

Interesting fact! During the freezing process, the water contained in the concrete expands and begins to destroy it from the inside. However modern technologies make it possible to improve the degree of frost resistance; mineral additives are added to the cement powder, for example, neutralized wood pitch. They create a strong shell around water particles.

Most often, various additives are added to the cement mixture, the percentage of which can reach 10 and 20%. For the construction of monolithic buildings I use M500 grade cement. This material has a higher hardening rate and strength. Typically, it is from this cement mixture that load-bearing structures are built.

What is cement made from?

Typically, cement production plants are built where there are deposits of limestone and other rocks that are used to create clinker. The main natural elements from which cement is made are:

• carbonate type fossils: crystalline rocks that can be fired;
• clay materials, as well as sedimentary rocks of mineral origin. The raw material is characterized by viscosity and is used in the dry production method.

A comment

Team leader of the repair and construction company "Dom Premium"

“When choosing cement, pay attention to such an indicator as the fineness of grinding. The finer the structure of the powder, the stronger the mixture will be.

Carbonate rocks

What carbonate rocks are used in cement production:

• chalk(limestone variation) – easy to process, cheap and versatile;
• marl, or marly limestone. The advantage of these rocks is that they contain a sufficient amount of moisture, in addition, they contain the necessary particles of clay;
• limestone raw materials, shell rocks characterized by the absence of silicon inclusions. The rock has a porous structure and is easily destroyed under the influence of compressive forces;
• carbonate rocks. They are characterized by valuable physical properties.

Clay raw materials

Clay rocks include:

• clay, containing mineral inclusions that swell when water is added;
• loams− diluted with sand fraction;
• slates– strong clayey rocks;
• loess– inelastic porous rock with quartz inclusions.

Corrective additives

In addition to mineral raw materials, special plasticizers are used in the production of cement. The most commonly used additives are mineral-based additives containing fluorspar, as well as apatites.

Important! The basis of any binder is cement clinker and only 15-20% mineral supplements. The strength of the future cement and its other characteristics depend on it.

How cement is made in production

Like any production, the creation of a cement mixture occurs strictly according to a special technological scheme. And consists of the following stages:

1. Making clinker. Let us remember that it is made from limestone and clay in a percentage ratio of 75×25. The mixture is placed in an oven, at a temperature of approximately +1500°C the composition changes. A viscous substance is formed that reliably holds all the clinker granules together. The resulting clinker is cooled in special refrigeration units.
2. Then the granules are further crushed. Grinding occurs in special grinding mills. They are drums with steel balls placed there.
3. Fine grain and mineral additives are also added to the crushed clinker.

Exist different technologies preparation of raw materials. Let's look at the main ones.

Wet method

Wet technology requires the mandatory addition of water at the grinding stage; in this case, chalk is used instead of lime. This creates a special mixture, or charge, which is then re-dried in the oven, turning into a kind of glass ball, which is then crushed again. At the same time, the cost of cement increases significantly. Do you think that the mixture prepared in this way is more durable.

Dry method

The dry method is a cheaper option. In this case, in practice, two technological operations are combined - grinding and drying the mixture. Hot gases are sent to the ball mill, which carry out drying. Here the output is a ready-made powder.

Combined techniques

The combined option combines the features of the wet and dry methods. Technologies differ in every enterprise. Sometimes instead wet method, which allows clinker to be moistened up to 50%, options are used with a decrease in humidity at this stage to 18 or 20%. The second method involves the preparation of a dry mixture, followed by humidification to 14%, granulation, and final annealing. It all depends on the tasks facing the technologist.

How to make cement at home

Despite the apparent complexity of cement production, it is possible to make it yourself at home. It is clear that this option will not be as technologically advanced as at the factory, and it will also not be possible to burn it at the required temperature. However, we can tell you some tricks. Let's consider one of the popular recipes for creating a composition that is quite suitable for sealing cracks and. To create the mixture we need water-based lime, stone ash and plain water.

It is impossible to make cement at home with your own hands. However, many private developers are interested in the question: “How do they get this unique construction material, for which they pay decent money?

Cement production

The main component for cement production is clinker. Clinker is a mixture of natural materials (usually lime and clay) that have been fired at high temperatures in special kilns. In general, the clinker formulation for cement production includes 75% limestone and 25% clay. Sometimes clay is replaced with others natural materials– dolomite or tripoli.

IN environment There is natural clinker that can be used to produce cement directly, without firing. This rock is marl. Due to low power Deposits of natural clinker, its use is very limited, therefore the vast majority of cement factories in Russia use clinker consisting of clay and lime to produce cement.

During the production of cement, when grinding clinker, so-called “hydraulic” materials are added to it - gypsum (3% of the clinker volume) or dolomite (15% of the clinker volume).

Main stages

• Thorough mixing of clinker components in special large steel drums (screens);
• Clinker firing in kilns. The components of the material react and combine with each other in the form of grains the size of a small walnut;
• Grind to powder. The cement grinding process takes place inside ball screens, which are a long horizontal drum inside which contains steel objects - balls and cones;
• The cement is ready. It should be for packaging or adding additives and for packaging and shipment to the consumer.

Cement production technologies

In general, cement production technologies differ from each other only in the clinker preparation process. On this moment Three types of cement production technologies exist and are successfully used:

• Wet;
• Dry;
• Combined.

Wet technology. In this option, chalk and clay are used to prepare clinker. Mixing and grinding of the components occurs in a steel drum with the obligatory presence of water. The mixture prepared in this way has a moisture content of 30-50%, and upon entering the firing furnace, it turns into spherical granules, which are then ground. The technology is energy-consuming and therefore has limited use.

Dry method for producing cement – the future of production of this material. In this case, it was possible to combine several processes into one technology, which resulted in significant savings and a significant reduction in the cost of production. For example, white cement M500 produced by " wet technology"At the Shchurovsky cement plant the retail price is 690 rubles for 1 bag weighing 50 kg, and exactly the same bag of Turkish or Egyptian cement M500 produced by “dry technology” can be purchased for 300 rubles per bag weighing 50 kg.