Introduction
In the modern world, the problems associated with the protection of nature have come to one of the first places in terms of their social significance, pushing even the danger of nuclear war. The rapid development of economic activity has led to an intense, often destructive impact on the environment. Human influence on nature occurs both through the transformation of natural systems that have developed over millennia, and as a result of pollution of soils, waters, and air. This dramatically worsened the state of nature, often with irreversible consequences. The ecological crisis is a real danger; in almost every region we are witnessing the rapid development of crisis situations. This paper provides information on the state of the environment, as well as data on the costs of environmental protection. Many indicators are given for federal districts, republics, territories, regions, federal cities, autonomous regions, autonomous regions of the Russian Federation.
Environmental protection in Russia
Environment - a set of components of the natural environment, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, as well as anthropogenic objects.
Components of the natural environment - earth, bowels, soils, surface and underground waters, atmospheric air, flora, fauna and other organisms, as well as the ozone layer of the atmosphere and near-Earth outer space, which together provide favorable conditions for the existence of life on Earth.
Environmental pollution - the entry into the environment of a substance and (or) energy, the properties, location or amount of which have a negative impact on the environment.
Pollutant - a substance or mixture of substances, the amount and (or) concentration of which exceeds those established for chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms standards and have a negative impact on the environment.
Environmental protection - activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public and other non-profit associations, legal entities and individuals aimed at preserving and restoring the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, preventing the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment and elimination of its consequences.
Environmental costs - the total amount of expenditures of the state (budgets of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities), enterprises (organizations, institutions) with a target or indirect environmental significance, which includes both targeted capital investments, current costs for the maintenance and operation of environmental fixed assets, and operating budget expenses for the maintenance of state structures, the main activity of which is related to environmental protection. The cost of nature protection may also include the costs of commercial, public and other organizations for scientific, technical, advertising, educational, outreach and other services for environmental activities.
Current costs for environmental protection - all expenses for environmental protection and rational use of natural resources, carried out at the expense of the enterprise's own or borrowed funds, or the state budget.
This includes the following costs: for the maintenance and operation of fixed assets for environmental purposes; for measures to preserve and restore the quality of the natural environment, disturbed as a result of production activities; on measures to reduce the harmful effects of production activities on the environment; on the treatment of production and consumption waste; on the organization of control over emissions (discharges), production and consumption wastes into the environment and over the qualitative state of the components of the natural environment; for research work and work on environmental education of personnel.
The environmental management system in the Russian Federation includes three levels:
Federal. State management of environmental protection in the Russian Federation in accordance with the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation directly or on its behalf by the federal executive body in charge of environmental protection - the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation and other federal executive bodies.
The management of environmental protection in an industry or in a certain area of activity is carried out by the relevant federal executive authorities and their territorial authorities together with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
- - The level of the subject of the Russian Federation. Management of environmental protection in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out by federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection within their powers.
- - Local self-government bodies carry out environmental protection management in the relevant territory within the limits of their powers, as well as the powers transferred to them by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in in due course.
Bodies exercising state environmental management can be conditionally divided by status into:
General (President of the Russian Federation, Government of the Russian Federation, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments)
Special (numerous bodies of federal executive power and their territorial bodies, as well as interregional bodies specially authorized by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation or a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation to carry out environmental management);
In terms of scope of activity - on federal and territorial.
Legislature
Legislative authorities implementing the policy of state regulation in the field of environmental protection include:
- - State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Committee of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Committee of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Ecology, Commission of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Sustainable Development; products)
- - Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Science, Culture, Education, Health and Ecology, Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Natural Resources and Environmental Protection).
Executive agencies.
Federal level
In accordance with the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection", the federal executive authorities, which are granted the right to exercise certain functions of normative legal regulation, special permitting, supervisory and control functions in the field of environmental protection, are obliged to coordinate the environmental protection requirements adopted by them, as well as to coordinate its activities with the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.
Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation
Undoubtedly, the main state body exercising the scope of federal powers in the field of environmental protection is the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (MNR of Russia). The Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia is a federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of study, use, reproduction, protection of natural resources, including the management of the state subsoil fund and forestry, the use and protection of the water fund, the use, protection, protection of the forest fund and reproduction of forests, operation and ensuring the safety of reservoirs and water management systems for complex purposes, protective and other hydraulic structures (with the exception of navigable hydraulic structures), the use of wildlife objects and their habitats (with the exception of wildlife objects classified as hunting objects ), specially protected natural territories, as well as in the field of environmental protection (with the exception of the sphere of environmental supervision).
Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources - Rosprirodnadzor. It is a federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of nature management. This service exercises control and supervision: in the field of protection, use and reproduction of objects of the animal world and their habitat (except for objects of hunting and fishing); in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural areas of federal significance; for geological study, rational use and protection of subsoil; for the state, use, protection, protection of the forest fund and the reproduction of forests; for the use and protection of water bodies; for the rational use of mineral and living resources on the continental shelf; maintains the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation; maintains a cadastre of specially protected natural areas of federal significance, etc. This service also exercises state land control within its competence in relation to the lands of the water fund, the forest fund, forest lands that are not included in the forest fund, and specially protected natural areas.
Federal Agency for Water Resources. It is a federal executive body that performs the functions of providing public services and managing federal property in the field of water resources. The Federal Agency for Water Resources organizes the redistribution of water resources of federally owned water bodies; preparation, conclusion and implementation of basin agreements on the restoration and protection of water bodies; Maintains: the state register of contracts for the use of water bodies, the state water cadastre of the Russian register of hydraulic structures. Carries out: possession, use and disposal of water bodies classified as federal property, and management of the water fund; issuance, execution and registration of licenses for water use, state monitoring of water bodies, state accounting of surface and ground waters and their use, planning of rational use of water bodies, etc.
The Federal Forestry Agency is a federal executive body responsible for the implementation of state policy, the provision of public services and the management of state property in the field of forestry. The Federal Forestry Agency carries out: state monitoring of forests; forest fund accounting; possession, use and disposal of information on the forest fund obtained at the expense of the federal budget, consideration in the prescribed manner of materials on the transfer of forest lands to non-forest lands for their use for purposes not related to forest management and the use of the forest fund, and on the transfer of lands forest fund in the lands of other categories; maintenance of the state forest cadastre. The Agency also organizes: carrying out forest management; activities of the state forest guard of the Russian Federation, with the exception of the function of state control and supervision;
The Federal Agency for Subsoil Use is a federal executive body that performs the functions of providing public services and managing state property in the field of subsoil use. The Federal Agency for Subsoil Use organizes: state geological study of subsoil; examination of projects of geological study of subsoil; carrying out, in accordance with the established procedure, a geological, economic and cost assessment of mineral deposits and subsoil plots; tenders and auctions for the right to use subsoil. Carries out: assignment of mineral reserves to standard or substandard reserves, provision for use for a fee of geological information on the subsoil obtained as a result of the state geological study of the subsoil; issuance of conclusions on the absence of minerals in the subsoil under the site of the forthcoming development and permission to develop the areas of occurrence of minerals, as well as the placement of underground structures in their places of occurrence; organizational support of the state system of licensing the use of subsoil; extradition; maintenance of the state cadastre of deposits and much more.
Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision. The Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision is a federal executive body that performs the functions of adopting regulatory legal acts, control and supervision in the field of environmental protection in terms of limiting the negative technogenic impact (including in the field of waste management and consumption), safe conduct of work related to the use of subsoil, protection of subsoil, industrial safety, safety in the use of nuclear energy, safety of electrical and thermal installations and networks, safety of hydraulic structures at industrial and energy facilities, safety of production, storage and use of industrial explosive materials appointments, as well as special functions in the field of state security in this area.
Interdepartmental Commission for Environmental Protection. Under the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, there is an Interdepartmental Commission of the Security Council of the Russian Federation for Environmental Safety, which was formed in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Security" and the Regulations on the Security Council of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 3, 1992 N 547. The Interdepartmental Commission is a permanent the working body of the Security Council of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the tasks assigned to it in the field of ensuring the environmental safety of the individual, society and the state. Among the main tasks and functions of the Commission, the following should be noted:
- - preparation of proposals on issues of internal and external environmental policy of the Russian Federation and strategic problems of state environmental security for consideration by the Security Council of the Russian Federation;
- - assessment of internal and external environmental threats to the vital interests of the individual, society and the state, assessment of existing and potential sources of environmental safety;
- - preparation of proposals for ensuring environmental safety in industry, transport, agriculture and other sectors of the national economy, for solving environmental problems of protecting public health, the safety of destroying chemical and nuclear weapons, eliminating zones of ecological disaster and trouble, and other areas;
- - preparation of draft decisions of the Security Council of the Russian Federation on environmental safety issues, etc.
Ministry of Economy of the Russian Federation. Provides methodological guidance and coordination of work on the development and implementation of federal target programs and includes them, in the prescribed manner, in the list of federal target programs for environmental protection provided for funding from the federal budget.
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Participates in the preparation of federal targeted programs for improving the environment, ensures their financing within the limits of the funds provided in the federal budget for the corresponding year.
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance). Carries out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control over compliance with sanitary legislation in the field of hygiene and environmental safety in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population"; organizes the development and approves sanitary rules and norms, hygienic standards in the field of environmental protection, which are sent to all federal executive bodies; provides methodological guidance in matters of participation of subordinate organizations in the investigation of occupational diseases and accidents at work related to the environment.
Ministry of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation. Participates in the organization, conduct and coordination of research work on the problems of ensuring environmental safety in the framework of priority areas for the development of science and technology and critical technologies at the federal level.
Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. Organizes training on environmental management in educational institutions of primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general education and primary vocational, secondary vocational, higher professional and postgraduate professional education; carries out training of specialists in environmental management in educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher vocational education.
State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology. Organizes the development, adopts and puts into effect state standards in the field of management and environmental protection, maintains their register; organizes work (examination of documents) for the certification of personal and collective protection equipment; carries out registration of the system of certification of works on protection and management of the environment; provides organizational and methodological guidance and coordination of work on metrological support, verification of equipment and instruments of industrial sanitary and other laboratories for environmental protection; accredits Certification Bodies and Testing Laboratories.
State Committee of the Russian Federation for Construction and Housing and Communal Complex. Provides development, adopts, puts into effect, and issues norms and rules, state standards and instructions for ensuring environmental safety in the field of construction, urban planning, building materials industry, structures and parts, housing and communal services. Forms cost standards for carrying out environmental protection measures in the estimated and regulatory framework for pricing in construction and housing and communal services.
Russian Statistical Agency. Organizes federal state statistical monitoring of the state of conditions and environmental protection in organizations, occupational diseases and material costs associated with them, provides the bodies of the state environmental management system with statistical information in the prescribed manner.
Federal Mining and Industrial Supervision of Russia (Gosgortekhnadzor).
The Federal Mining and Industrial Supervision of Russia (Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia) is the central body of the federal executive power that carries out state regulatory regulation of industrial safety issues on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as special licensing, supervisory and control functions.
Federal Supervision of Russia for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (Gosatomnadzor of Russia).
It is a federal executive body and is under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation, and on issues assigned to the President of the Russian Federation by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, it is subordinate to the President of the Russian Federation. Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out state supervision of safety in the production, circulation and use for peaceful and defense purposes of atomic energy, nuclear materials, radioactive substances and products based on them. Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out its activities in cooperation with other federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Organizes and implements state regulation of nuclear and radiation safety on the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislative acts of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on Gosatomnadzor of Russia.
Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation.
Carries out compulsory social insurance against occupational diseases associated with environmental pollution; together with the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation and other interested federal executive bodies, develops proposals for establishing differentiated basic insurance rates for sectors (sub-sectors) of the economy for insurance against occupational diseases; establishes for specific insurers personal discounts and premiums to the basic insurance rate, depending on the state of working conditions and safety in the organization, taking into account the conclusion of the executive authorities for environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and state supervision and control bodies; participates in the investigation of insured events.
Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation State Inspectorate for Road Safety (GIBDD). Monitors compliance with traffic rules, as well as regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental protection from vehicles; develops proposals to reduce environmental pollution, including jointly with interested federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, legal entities and public associations; carries out state accounting of indicators of the state of the environment from vehicle exhaust gases; participates in the development of draft legislative and other regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental protection, makes proposals for their improvement in accordance with the established procedure; participates together with interested organizations and institutions in determining priority topics and areas of scientific research in the field of environmental protection, carries out their implementation in the prescribed manner, and also participates in the introduction of scientific developments into the practical activities of the STSI; in accordance with the established procedure, provides the federal inspection for environmental protection with the information necessary for an objective consideration of the causes and conditions of environmental pollution by motor vehicles.
Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia). Carries out in accordance with the established procedure the development and implementation of federal targeted programs in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations, as well as to overcome the consequences of radiation accidents and disasters; provides methodological guidance for the joint activities of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities and organizations on issues of protecting citizens affected by radiation accidents and disasters or participating in the elimination of their consequences, as well as the rehabilitation of territories affected by radioactive contamination and monitoring the implementation of activities in this area; organizes, together with interested federal executive bodies, the development of concepts and proposals regarding the regimes of nature management, safe living of the population and economic activities in radioactively contaminated territories; organizes research and development work in the field of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations, overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents and disasters and the development of methods for assessing the consequences of emergency situations, participates in the development of requirements for the protection of the population from dangers arising from emergency situations; participates in the prescribed manner in organizing the examination of safety declarations of facilities whose activities are associated with an increased risk of environmental pollution.
Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation (Department of State Energy Supervision and Energy Saving (Gosenergonadzor)). Supervises the technical condition and safe maintenance of electrical and thermal installations of consumers of electric and thermal energy, equipment and main structures of power plants, electric and thermal networks of energy supply organizations, compliance by organizations with the rules for the installation of electrical installations, technical operation of electrical and thermal installations and environmental safety requirements during their operation, as well as the rules for the use of electrical, thermal energy and gas; organizes work on checking knowledge of personnel servicing electrical and thermal installations, the rules for the technical operation of these installations and the requirements for environmental safety during their operation; ensures the participation of the bodies of the State Energy Supervision Authority in the investigation of the causes of accidents and accidents at work related to the operation of electrical and thermal installations; organizes verification of the compliance of projects of new and reconstructed electrical and thermal installations with the current rules for environmental protection, the requirements for the rational use of fuel and energy resources; develops and publishes regulatory and technical documentation, carries out scientific, technical and information activities in the field of environmental protection;
Russian Ammunition Agency. Carries out the functions of legal regulation, special licensing, control or supervisory functions in the field of environmental protection in the production and disposal of gunpowder, solid rocket fuel, explosives, pyrotechnic compositions and products based on them, testing of ammunition and missiles on hazardous production facilities using explosive technologies, the list of which was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 1994 No. 223 “On Safety Certification of Industrial and Pilot Facilities of Enterprises and Organizations of Defense Industries Using Environmentally Harmful and Explosive Technologies”.
General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. Supervises compliance with environmental protection legislation, participates in investigations into the causes of accidents (catastrophes), fatal accidents and makes appropriate decisions within its competence.
environmental prosecutors. Environmental prosecutor's offices are specialized bodies of the prosecutor's office that, within the established competence, on the basis of the interterritorial principle of formation, carry out the functions assigned to the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation and other areas of activity in the field of environmental protection, nature management and ensuring environmental safety.
The environmental activities of the customs authorities stem from their essential purpose associated with the detection, suppression and prevention of illegal movement of goods and other goods across the customs border of the Russian Federation, however, they are directly entrusted with such tasks as: the implementation of measures to protect the life and health of humans, animals and plants , the natural environment; implementation of a system of measures to curb illegal circulation across the customs border of the Russian Federation of endangered species of animals and plants, their parts and derivatives.
State cadastres. An important role in state regulation is played by systematized information of authorized government agencies about natural resources and objects, their quantitative and qualitative expression, etc., namely the data of state cadastres. The following types of cadastres are distinguished: water, land, forest, recreational, soil, fiscal, environmental, multi-purpose, cadastre of wildlife objects, cadastre of waste, deposits and manifestations of minerals, and others. It is possible to give a generalized definition of all the above types of state cadastres: "this is a systematized set of information that quantitatively and qualitatively characterizes a certain type of natural resources and phenomena, in some cases with their economic or socio-ecological characteristics and assessment of changes under the influence of transformative human activity, may include recommendations on the rational use of resources, measures for their protection). The cadastre acts as a source of official state information that is not subject to reconfirmation by other authorities. Information from state cadastres is necessary for the entire spectrum of relations related to both environmental protection and the use of natural objects and resources, including government controlled different levels of power, the implementation of state control in the field of both environmental protection and individual natural resources.
Sectoral federal executive bodies (and their territorial bodies). Implement state policy in the field of environmental protection in the industry or a specific area of activity; create environmental protection services to coordinate activities in the field of environmental protection. The structure, number of employees and functions of the environmental protection service, its subordination is determined by the head of the federal executive body, taking into account the recommendations of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation; carry out organizational and methodological management of environmental protection services in organizations of an industry or a certain field of activity; organize the development and implementation of sectoral programs to improve conditions and protect the environment; take part in the development and implementation of federal target programs for improving conditions and protecting the environment; on the basis of laws and intersectoral regulatory legal acts on environmental protection, they develop, review and approve, in the prescribed manner, sectoral regulatory legal acts on environmental protection; participate in the consideration of draft laws and other regulatory legal acts on environmental protection; determine, together with industry trade unions, the range of industries and professions of the industry, for which it is necessary to establish state-guaranteed compensation for work in conditions of increased professional risk; organize, together with the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the certification of workplaces and certification of work on environmental protection in organizations of an industry or a certain field of activity in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, develop, if necessary, regulatory and methodological documents for carrying out these works, taking into account industry specifics; participate in the investigation of accidents in subordinate organizations in accordance with the current procedure; organize in the organizations of the industry or a certain field of activity training and testing of knowledge of the requirements of environmental protection of employees, including managers; study the state of the environment and occupational morbidity and annually send information to the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation on the state of and measures to improve conditions and environmental protection in the industry, proposals for improving federal legislation on environmental protection and for the formation of state policy in the field of environmental protection; determine the topics of research on industry issues of environmental protection, develop a package of orders on this topic for industry research organizations, take part in the development and conclusion of industry tariff agreements, organize the work of industry commissions for environmental protection; participate in the formation of the data bank of the Russian Information System for Environmental Protection (RISEP).
At the level of the subject of the Russian Federation. Management of environmental protection in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out by territorial divisions of federal executive bodies and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection within their powers.
At the municipal level. Management of environmental protection in the territories of municipalities of the Russian Federation is carried out by territorial divisions of federal executive authorities, territorial authorities of constituent entities and local governments in the relevant territory within their powers, as well as powers delegated to them by state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the prescribed manner.
In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, everyone has the right to a favorable environment, everyone is obliged to preserve nature and the environment, take care of natural resources, which are the basis for sustainable development, life and activity of the peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation.
This Federal Law defines the legal framework for the state policy in the field of environmental protection, which ensures a balanced solution of socio-economic problems, the preservation of a favorable environment, biological diversity and natural resources in order to meet the needs of present and future generations, strengthen the rule of law in the field of environmental protection and ensure environmental safety.
This Federal Law regulates relations in the field of interaction between society and nature arising from the implementation of economic and other activities related to the impact on the natural environment as the most important component of the environment, which is the basis of life on Earth, within the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation.
Chapter I. General Provisions
Article 1. Basic concepts
The following basic concepts are used in this Federal Law:
environment - a set of components of the natural environment, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, as well as anthropogenic objects;
components of the natural environment - earth, bowels, soils, surface and underground waters, atmospheric air, flora, fauna and other organisms, as well as the ozone layer of the atmosphere and near-Earth outer space, which together provide favorable conditions for the existence of life on Earth;
natural object - a natural ecological system, natural landscape and their constituent elements that have retained their natural properties;
natural-anthropogenic object - a natural object that has been changed as a result of economic and other activities, and (or) an object created by a person that has the properties of a natural object and has a recreational and protective value;
anthropogenic object - an object created by a person to meet his social needs and not possessing the properties of natural objects;
natural ecological system - an objectively existing part of the natural environment, which has spatial and territorial boundaries and in which living (plants, animals and other organisms) and its non-living elements interact as a single functional whole and are interconnected by the exchange of matter and energy;
natural complex - a complex of functionally and naturally interconnected natural objects, united by geographical and other relevant features;
natural landscape - a territory that has not been changed as a result of economic and other activities and is characterized by a combination of certain types of terrain, soils, vegetation, formed in uniform climatic conditions;
environmental protection - the activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public and other non-profit associations, legal entities and individuals, aimed at preserving and restoring the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, preventing negative the impact of economic and other activities on the environment and the elimination of its consequences (hereinafter also referred to as environmental protection activities);
environmental quality - the state of the environment, which is characterized by physical, chemical, biological and other indicators and (or) their combination;
favorable environment - the environment, the quality of which ensures the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects;
negative impact on the environment - the impact of economic and other activities, the consequences of which lead to negative changes in the quality of the environment;
natural resources - components of the natural environment, natural objects and natural-anthropogenic objects that are used or can be used in the implementation of economic and other activities as sources of energy, products of production and consumer goods and have consumer value;
use of natural resources - exploitation of natural resources, their involvement in economic turnover, including all types of impact on them in the course of economic and other activities;
environmental pollution - the entry into the environment of a substance and (or) energy, the properties, location or quantity of which have a negative impact on the environment;
pollutant - a substance or mixture of substances, the amount and (or) concentration of which exceeds the standards established for chemicals, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms, and have a negative impact on the environment;
standards in the field of environmental protection (hereinafter also referred to as environmental standards) - established standards for the quality of the environment and standards for permissible impact on it, subject to which the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems is ensured and biological diversity is preserved;
environmental quality standards - standards that are established in accordance with physical, chemical, biological and other indicators for assessing the state of the environment and under which a favorable environment is ensured;
standards for permissible environmental impact - standards that are established in accordance with indicators of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment and under which environmental quality standards are observed;
standards of permissible anthropogenic load on the environment - standards that are established in accordance with the value of the permissible total impact of all sources on the environment and (or) individual components of the natural environment within specific territories and (or) water areas, and subject to which the sustainable functioning of natural environmental systems and biodiversity conservation;
standards for permissible emissions and discharges of chemicals, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms (hereinafter also referred to as standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms) - standards that are established for economic and other activities in accordance with the indicators of the mass of chemicals, in including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms that are allowed to enter the environment from stationary, mobile and other sources in the established mode and taking into account technological standards, and subject to which environmental quality standards are ensured;
technological standard - the standard of permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, which is established for stationary, mobile and other sources, technological processes, equipment and reflects the permissible mass of emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms into the environment per unit of output;
standards for maximum permissible concentrations of chemicals, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms (hereinafter also - standards for maximum permissible concentrations) - standards that are established in accordance with the indicators of the maximum permissible content of chemicals, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms in environment and non-observance of which can lead to environmental pollution, degradation of natural ecological systems;
standards for permissible physical impacts - standards that are established in accordance with the levels of permissible impact of physical factors on the environment and subject to which environmental quality standards are ensured;
limits on emissions and discharges of pollutants and microorganisms (hereinafter also referred to as limits on emissions and discharges) - restrictions on emissions and discharges of pollutants and microorganisms into the environment, established for the period of environmental protection measures, including the introduction of the best available technologies, in order to achieve standards in the field of environmental protection;
environmental impact assessment - a type of activity for identifying, analyzing and accounting for direct, indirect and other consequences of the impact on the environment of a planned economic and other activity in order to make a decision on the possibility or impossibility of its implementation;
environmental monitoring (environmental monitoring) - a comprehensive system for observing the state of the environment, assessing and forecasting changes in the state of the environment under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors;
state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) - environmental monitoring carried out by state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
control in the field of environmental protection (environmental control) - a system of measures aimed at preventing, detecting and suppressing violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection, ensuring compliance by subjects of economic and other activities with requirements, including standards and regulations, in the field of environmental protection environment;
requirements in the field of environmental protection (hereinafter also referred to as environmental requirements) - mandatory conditions for economic and other activities, restrictions or their combination established by laws, other regulatory legal acts, environmental regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection ;
environmental audit - an independent, comprehensive, documented assessment of compliance by a subject of economic and other activities with requirements, including standards and regulations, in the field of environmental protection, requirements of international standards and preparation of recommendations for improving such activities;
the best existing technology - a technology based on the latest achievements of science and technology, aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment and having a set period of practical application, taking into account economic and social factors;
harm to the environment - a negative change in the environment as a result of its pollution, resulting in the degradation of natural ecological systems and the depletion of natural resources;
environmental risk - the probability of an event occurring that has adverse consequences for the natural environment and is caused by the negative impact of economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies;
environmental safety - the state of protection of the natural environment and vital human interests from the possible negative impact of economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies, and their consequences.
Article 2. Legislation in the field of environmental protection
1. Legislation in the field of environmental protection is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws, as well as other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with them, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
2. This Federal Law is valid throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.
3. This Federal Law is in force on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation in accordance with the norms of international law and federal laws and is aimed at ensuring the preservation of the marine environment.
4. Relations arising in the field of environmental protection as the basis for the life and activities of peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation, in order to ensure their rights to a favorable environment, are regulated by international treaties of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts. acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
5. Relations arising in the field of protection and rational use of natural resources, their conservation and restoration, are regulated by international treaties of the Russian Federation, land, water, forest legislation, subsoil legislation, wildlife, other legislation in the field of environmental protection and nature management.
6. Relations arising in the field of environmental protection, to the extent necessary to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, are regulated by legislation on the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population and legislation on health protection, otherwise aimed at ensuring a favorable environment for humans legislation.
Article 3. Basic principles of environmental protection
The economic and other activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, legal entities and individuals that have an impact on the environment should be carried out on the basis of the following principles:
observance of the human right to a healthy environment;
ensuring favorable conditions for human life;
scientifically substantiated combination of ecological, economic and social interests of a person, society and the state in order to ensure sustainable development and a favorable environment;
protection, reproduction and rational use of natural resources as the necessary conditions ensuring a favorable environment and environmental safety;
the responsibility of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments for ensuring a favorable environment and environmental safety in the respective territories;
payment for nature use and compensation for damage to the environment;
independence of control in the field of environmental protection;
presumption of ecological danger of the planned economic and other activities;
the obligation to assess the impact on the environment when making decisions on the implementation of economic and other activities;
the obligation to conduct a state environmental review of projects and other documentation justifying economic and other activities that may have a negative impact on the environment, create a threat to the life, health and property of citizens;
taking into account the natural and socio-economic characteristics of the territories in the planning and implementation of economic and other activities;
the priority of preserving natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and natural complexes;
the admissibility of the impact of economic and other activities on the natural environment based on the requirements in the field of environmental protection;
ensuring the reduction of the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment in accordance with the standards in the field of environmental protection, which can be achieved through the use of the best existing technologies, taking into account economic and social factors;
obligatory participation in environmental protection activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public and other non-profit associations, legal entities and individuals;
conservation of biological diversity;
providing integrated and individual approaches to the establishment of requirements in the field of environmental protection for economic and other entities that carry out such activities or plan to carry out such activities;
prohibition of economic and other activities, the consequences of which are unpredictable for the environment, as well as the implementation of projects that can lead to the degradation of natural ecological systems, change and (or) destruction of the genetic fund of plants, animals and other organisms, depletion of natural resources and other negative changes environment;
observance of the right of everyone to receive reliable information about the state of the environment, as well as the participation of citizens in decision-making regarding their rights to a favorable environment, in accordance with the law;
liability for violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection;
organization and development of the system of environmental education, education and formation of environmental culture;
participation of citizens, public and other non-profit associations in solving problems of environmental protection;
international cooperation of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
Article 4. Objects of environmental protection
1. The objects of environmental protection from pollution, depletion, degradation, damage, destruction and other negative impact of economic and other activities are:
land, subsoil, soil;
surface and ground waters;
forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms and their genetic fund;
atmospheric air, the ozone layer of the atmosphere and near-Earth space.
2. As a matter of priority, natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and natural complexes that have not been subjected to anthropogenic impact are subject to protection.
3. Objects included in the World Cultural Heritage List and the World Natural Heritage List, state natural reserves, including biosphere reserves, state nature reserves, natural monuments, national, natural and dendrological parks, botanical gardens, medical and recreational areas and resorts, other natural complexes, original habitats, places of traditional residence and economic activities of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation, objects of special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable significance, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone Russian Federation, as well as rare or endangered soils, forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms and their habitats.
Chapter II. Fundamentals of Environmental Management
Article 5
The powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection include:
ensuring the implementation of the federal policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation;
development and publication of federal laws and other regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental protection and control over their application;
development, approval and implementation of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation;
announcement and establishment of the legal status and regime of ecological disaster zones on the territory of the Russian Federation;
coordination and implementation of environmental protection measures in ecological disaster zones;
establishment of the procedure for the implementation of state monitoring of the environment (state environmental monitoring), the formation of a state system for monitoring the state of the environment and ensuring the functioning of such a system;
establishing the procedure for exercising state control in the field of environmental protection, including at objects of economic and other activities, regardless of the form of ownership, which are under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, objects that contribute to transboundary environmental pollution and have a negative impact on the environment within the territories of two and more than subjects of the Russian Federation (federal state environmental control);
establishment of federal executive bodies exercising state administration in the field of environmental protection;
ensuring environmental protection, including the marine environment on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation;
establishment of the procedure for handling radioactive waste and hazardous waste, control over ensuring radiation safety;
preparation and dissemination of the annual state report on the state and protection of the environment;
establishment of requirements in the field of environmental protection, development and approval of regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection;
establishing the procedure for determining the amount of payment for emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment, waste disposal and other types of negative impact on the environment;
organizing and conducting state environmental expertise;
interaction with the subjects of the Russian Federation on environmental issues;
establishment of the procedure for restriction, suspension and prohibition of economic and other activities carried out in violation of the legislation in the field of environmental protection, and their implementation;
organization and development of the system of environmental education, the formation of environmental culture;
providing the population with reliable information about the state of the environment;
formation of specially protected natural territories of federal significance, natural objects of world heritage, management of the natural reserve fund, maintenance of the Red Book of the Russian Federation;
maintaining state records of objects that have a negative impact on the environment, and their classification depending on the level and volume of negative impact on the environment;
maintaining state records of specially protected natural areas, including natural complexes and objects, as well as natural resources, taking into account their environmental significance;
economic assessment of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment;
economic assessment of natural and natural-anthropogenic objects;
establishing the procedure for licensing certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection and its implementation;
implementation of international cooperation of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection;
exercising other powers provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
Article 6
The powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection include:
determination of the main directions of environmental protection in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the geographical, natural, socio-economic and other characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
participation in the development of federal policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and relevant programs;
implementation of the federal policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account their geographical, natural, socio-economic and other characteristics;
development and publication of laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, taking into account the geographical, natural, socio-economic and other characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, control over their implementation;
development and approval of regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection containing relevant requirements, norms and rules not lower than those established at the federal level;
development, approval and implementation of targeted programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
implementation of environmental and other measures to improve the state of the environment in the zones of ecological disaster in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
organization and implementation, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, of state monitoring of the environment (state environmental monitoring), the formation and maintenance of the functioning of territorial systems for monitoring the state of the environment in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
state control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) over objects of economic and other activities, regardless of the form of ownership, located on the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, with the exception of objects of economic and other activities subject to federal state environmental control;
economic assessment of the impact on the environment of economic and other activities;
bringing guilty persons to administrative and other types of responsibility;
bringing claims for compensation for damage to the environment caused as a result of violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection;
formation of specially protected natural territories of regional significance, management and control in the field of protection and use of such territories;
organization and development of the system of environmental education and the formation of environmental culture in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
restriction, suspension and (or) prohibition of economic and other activities carried out in violation of the legislation in the field of environmental protection, within the limits of their powers in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
providing the population with reliable information about the state of the environment in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
keeping records of objects and sources of negative impact on the environment in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
maintenance of the Red Book of the subject of the Russian Federation;
implementation of environmental certification;
regulation of other issues in the field of environmental protection within its powers.
Article 7
The powers of local self-government bodies in the field of relations related to environmental protection are determined in accordance with federal laws.
Article 8. Executive authorities exercising state management in the field of environmental protection
1. State management in the field of environmental protection is carried out by federal executive bodies authorized in accordance with the procedure established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Government of the Russian Federation".
2. Bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising state administration in the field of environmental protection, are determined by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Article 9
1. The delimitation of powers in the field of relations related to environmental protection between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, as well as agreements on the delimitation of jurisdiction and powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
2. Agreements between the federal executive authorities and the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the transfer of the exercise of part of the powers in the field of relations related to environmental protection, including in the field of state environmental expertise of objects subject to mandatory state environmental expertise conducted at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation, are concluded in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.
Article 10. Management in the field of environmental protection carried out by local governments
Management in the field of environmental protection is carried out by local governments in accordance with this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, charters of municipalities and regulatory legal acts of local governments.
Chapter III. Rights and obligations of citizens, public and other non-profit associations in the field of environmental protection
Article 11. Rights and obligations of citizens in the field of environmental protection
1. Every citizen has the right to a favorable environment, to its protection from the negative impact caused by economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies, to reliable information about the state of the environment and to compensation for damage to the environment.
2. Citizens have the right:
create public associations, foundations and other non-profit organizations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection;
send appeals to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, other organizations and officials about obtaining timely, complete and reliable information about the state of the environment in their places of residence, measures for its protection;
take part in meetings, rallies, demonstrations, marches and picketing, collection of signatures for petitions, referendums on environmental issues and in other actions that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation;
put forward proposals for conducting a public environmental review and participate in its conduct in the prescribed manner;
apply to state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities and other organizations with complaints, statements and proposals on issues related to environmental protection, negative impact on the environment, and receive timely and reasonable answers;
3. Citizens are obliged:
preserve nature and the environment;
take care of nature and natural resources;
comply with other legal requirements.
Article 12. Rights and obligations of public and other non-profit associations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection
1. Public and other non-profit associations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection have the right to:
develop, promote and implement programs in the field of environmental protection in accordance with the established procedure, protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in the field of environmental protection, involve citizens on a voluntary basis in the implementation of activities in the field of environmental protection;
at the expense of own and borrowed funds, carry out and promote activities in the field of environmental protection, reproduction of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety;
render assistance to state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments in resolving issues of environmental protection;
organize meetings, rallies, demonstrations, marches and pickets, collect signatures for petitions and take part in these events in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, make proposals for holding referendums on environmental protection issues and discussing projects related to environmental protection;
apply to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, other organizations and officials about obtaining timely, complete and reliable information about the state of the environment, about measures for its protection, about the circumstances and facts of economic and other activities that pose a threat to the environment, life, health and property of citizens;
participate in the prescribed manner in the adoption of economic and other decisions, the implementation of which may have a negative impact on the environment, life, health and property of citizens;
apply to state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities and other organizations with complaints, applications, claims and proposals on issues related to environmental protection, negative impact on the environment, and receive timely and reasonable answers;
organize and conduct hearings in accordance with the established procedure on issues of design, placement of facilities, the economic and other activities of which may harm the environment, pose a threat to the life, health and property of citizens;
organize and conduct, in accordance with the established procedure, a public environmental review;
submit to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, the court an appeal to cancel decisions on the design, placement, construction, reconstruction, operation of facilities whose economic and other activities may have a negative impact on the environment, on restriction, suspension and termination of economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment;
sue in court for damages to the environment;
exercise other rights provided by law.
2. Public and other non-profit associations, when carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection, are obliged to comply with the requirements in the field of environmental protection.
Article 13. The system of state measures to ensure the rights to a favorable environment
1. Bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies of local self-government and officials are obliged to assist citizens, public and other non-profit associations in exercising their rights in the field of environmental protection.
2. When placing objects whose economic and other activities may cause harm to the environment, the decision on their placement is made taking into account the opinion of the population or the results of a referendum.
3. Officials who impede citizens, public and other non-profit associations in carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection, exercising their rights provided for by this Federal Law and other federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, shall be held liable in accordance with the established procedure.
Chapter IV. Economic regulation in the field of environmental protection
Article 14. Methods of economic regulation in the field of environmental protection
Methods of economic regulation in the field of environmental protection include:
development of state forecasts of socio-economic development based on environmental forecasts;
development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
development and implementation of environmental protection measures in order to prevent environmental damage;
setting fees for negative impact on the environment;
setting limits on emissions and discharges of pollutants and microorganisms, limits on the disposal of production and consumption waste and other types of negative impact on the environment;
conducting an economic assessment of natural objects and natural-anthropogenic objects;
conducting an economic assessment of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment;
provision of tax and other benefits in the implementation of the best existing technologies, non-traditional types of energy, the use of secondary resources and waste processing, as well as in the implementation of other effective measures to protect the environment in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
support for entrepreneurial, innovative and other activities (including environmental insurance) aimed at protecting the environment;
compensation in accordance with the established procedure for damage to the environment;
other methods of economic regulation to improve and effectively implement environmental protection.
Article 15
1. For the purpose of planning, developing and implementing environmental protection measures, federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and targeted programs in the field of environmental protection of constituent entities of the Russian Federation are being developed.
The procedure for the development, financing and implementation of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation is established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The procedure for the development, financing and implementation of targeted programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is established in accordance with the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
2. The development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out taking into account the proposals of citizens and public associations.
3. Planning and development of environmental protection measures are carried out taking into account state forecasts of socio-economic development, federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation, target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the basis of scientific research aimed at solving problems in the field environmental protection.
4. Legal entities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment are required to plan, develop and implement environmental protection measures in the manner prescribed by law.
Article 16. Payment for negative impact on the environment
1. The negative impact on the environment is paid.
Forms of payment for negative impact on the environment are determined by federal laws.
2. The types of negative impact on the environment include:
emissions of pollutants and other substances into the atmospheric air;
discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into surface water bodies, groundwater bodies and catchment areas;
pollution of bowels, soils;
disposal of production and consumption waste;
pollution of the environment by noise, heat, electromagnetic, ionizing and other types of physical influences;
other types of negative impact on the environment.
3. The procedure for calculating and collecting fees for negative environmental impact is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. The payment of the fee determined by paragraph 1 of this article does not exempt the subjects of economic and other activities from taking measures to protect the environment and compensate for damage to the environment.
Article 17
1. Entrepreneurial activity carried out for the purpose of protecting the environment is supported by the state.
2. State support entrepreneurial activity carried out for the purpose of environmental protection, is carried out through the establishment of tax and other benefits in accordance with the law.
Article 18. Ecological insurance
1. Environmental insurance is carried out in order to protect the property interests of legal entities and individuals in case of environmental risks.
2. Compulsory state environmental insurance may be carried out in the Russian Federation.
3. Environmental insurance in the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Chapter V. Rationing in the field of environmental protection
Article 19
1. Rationing in the field of environmental protection is carried out for the purpose of state regulation of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment, which guarantees the preservation of a favorable environment and environmental safety.
2. Rationing in the field of environmental protection consists in establishing environmental quality standards, standards for permissible environmental impact in the course of economic and other activities, other standards in the field of environmental protection, as well as state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection .
3. Norms and normative documents in the field of environmental protection are developed, approved and put into effect on the basis of modern achievements in science and technology, taking into account international rules and standards in the field of environmental protection.
Rationing in the field of environmental protection is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Article 20. Requirements for the development of standards in the field of environmental protection
The development of standards in the field of environmental protection includes:
carrying out research work to substantiate standards in the field of environmental protection;
establishing the grounds for the development or revision of standards in the field of environmental protection;
exercising control over the application and observance of standards in the field of environmental protection;
formation and maintenance of a unified information database of standards in the field of environmental protection;
assessment and forecasting of environmental, social, economic consequences of the application of standards in the field of environmental protection.
Article 21. Environmental quality standards
1. Environmental quality standards are established to assess the state of the environment in order to preserve natural ecological systems, the genetic fund of plants, animals and other organisms.
2. The environmental quality standards include:
standards established in accordance with chemical indicators of the state of the environment, including standards for maximum permissible concentrations of chemicals, including radioactive substances;
standards established in accordance with physical indicators of the state of the environment, including indicators of levels of radioactivity and heat;
standards established in accordance with biological indicators of the state of the environment, including species and groups of plants, animals and other organisms used as indicators of environmental quality, as well as standards for maximum permissible concentrations of microorganisms;
other environmental quality standards.
3. When establishing environmental quality standards, the natural features of territories and water areas, the designation of natural objects and natural and anthropogenic objects, specially protected areas, including specially protected natural areas, as well as natural landscapes of special environmental significance, are taken into account.
Article 22
1. In order to prevent the negative impact on the environment of economic and other activities for legal entities and individuals - users of natural resources, the following standards for permissible environmental impact are established:
standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms;
standards for the generation of production and consumption waste and limits on their disposal;
standards for permissible physical impacts (amount of heat, levels of noise, vibration, ionizing radiation, electromagnetic field strength and other physical impacts);
standards for permissible removal of components of the natural environment;
standards of permissible anthropogenic load on the environment;
standards for other permissible impact on the environment in the course of economic and other activities established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the purpose of environmental protection.
2. Standards for permissible environmental impact must ensure compliance with environmental quality standards, taking into account the natural features of territories and water areas.
3. Subjects of economic and other activities, depending on the harm caused to the environment, shall be liable in accordance with the legislation for exceeding the established standards of permissible impact on the environment.
Article 23. Standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms
1. The standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms are established for stationary, mobile and other sources of environmental impact by business entities and other activities based on the standards for the permissible anthropogenic load on the environment, environmental quality standards, as well as technological standards.
2. Technological standards are established for stationary, mobile and other sources based on the use of the best available technologies, taking into account economic and social factors.
3. If it is impossible to comply with the standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, limits on emissions and discharges may be established on the basis of permits that are valid only during the period of environmental protection measures, the introduction of the best existing technologies and (or) the implementation of other environmental projects, taking into account the phased achievement of the established standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms.
The establishment of limits on emissions and discharges is allowed only if there are plans to reduce emissions and discharges, agreed with the executive authorities exercising state management in the field of environmental protection.
4. Emissions and discharges of chemicals, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms into the environment within the established standards of permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, limits on emissions and discharges are allowed on the basis of permits issued by executive authorities exercising public administration in the field of environmental protection.
Article 24
Standards for the generation of production and consumption waste and limits for their disposal are established in order to prevent their negative impact on the environment in accordance with the law.
Article 25
The standards for permissible physical impacts on the environment are established for each source of such impact based on the standards for the permissible anthropogenic load on the environment, environmental quality standards and taking into account the influence of other sources of physical impacts.
Article 26
1. Standards for permissible withdrawal of components of the natural environment - standards established in accordance with restrictions on the volume of their withdrawal in order to preserve natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems and prevent their degradation.
2. The standards for the permissible withdrawal of components of the natural environment and the procedure for their establishment are determined by the legislation on subsoil, land, water, forestry legislation, legislation on wildlife and other legislation in the field of environmental protection, nature management and in accordance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection, protection and reproduction of certain types of natural resources established by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
Article 27
1. Standards for the permissible anthropogenic load on the environment are established for subjects of economic and other activities in order to assess and regulate the impact of all stationary, mobile and other sources of environmental impact located within specific territories and (or) water areas.
2. Standards for the permissible anthropogenic load on the environment are established for each type of impact of economic and other activities on the environment and the total impact of all sources located in these territories and (or) water areas.
3. When establishing the standards for the permissible anthropogenic load on the environment, the natural features of specific territories and (or) water areas are taken into account.
Article 28. Other standards in the field of environmental protection
For the purpose of state regulation of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment, assessment of the quality of the environment in accordance with this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other standards may be established in the field of environmental protection.
Article 29. State standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection
1. State standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection establish:
requirements, norms and rules in the field of environmental protection for products, works, services and relevant control methods;
restrictions on economic and other activities in order to prevent its negative impact on the environment;
the procedure for organizing activities in the field of environmental protection and managing such activities.
2. State standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection are developed taking into account scientific and technological achievements and the requirements of international rules and standards.
3. State standards for new equipment, technologies, materials, substances and other products, technological processes, storage, transportation, use of such products, including after their transfer to the category of production and consumption waste, must take into account the requirements, norms and rules in the field of environmental protection.
Article 30. Licensing of certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection
1. Certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection are subject to licensing.
2. The list of certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection subject to licensing is established by federal laws.
Article 31. Ecological certification
1. Environmental certification is carried out in order to ensure the environmentally safe implementation of economic and other activities on the territory of the Russian Federation.
2. Environmental certification may be mandatory or voluntary.
3. Mandatory environmental certification is carried out in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Chapter VI. Environmental Impact Assessment and Ecological Expertise
Article 32. Conducting an environmental impact assessment
1. An environmental impact assessment is carried out in relation to the planned economic and other activities that may have a direct or indirect impact on the environment, regardless of the organizational and legal forms of ownership of the subjects of economic and other activities.
2. An environmental impact assessment is carried out when developing all alternative options for pre-project, including pre-investment, and project documentation substantiating the planned economic and other activities, with the participation of public associations.
3. The requirements for environmental impact assessment materials are established by the federal executive authorities exercising state administration in the field of environmental protection.
Article 33. Ecological expertise
1. An environmental review is carried out in order to establish the compliance of the planned economic and other activities with the requirements in the field of environmental protection.
2. The procedure for conducting an environmental review is established by the federal law on environmental review.
Chapter VII. Requirements in the field of environmental protection in the course of economic and other activities
Article 34 General requirements in the field of environmental protection during placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects
1. Placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects that have a direct or indirect negative impact on the environment are carried out in accordance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection. At the same time, measures should be taken to protect the environment, restore the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, and ensure environmental safety.
2. Violation of the requirements in the field of environmental protection entails the suspension of the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects on the instructions of the executive authorities exercising state management in the field of protection environment.
3. Termination in full of placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects in case of violation of requirements in the field of environmental protection is carried out on the basis of a court decision and (or) arbitration court .
Article 35. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when placing buildings, structures, structures and other objects
1. When placing buildings, structures, structures and other objects, compliance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety, taking into account immediate and remote environmental, economic, demographic and other consequences operation of these facilities and observance of the priority of preserving a favorable environment, biological diversity, rational use and reproduction of natural resources.
2. The choice of locations for buildings, structures, structures and other objects is carried out in compliance with the requirements of the law in the presence of a positive conclusion of the state environmental expertise.
3. In cases where the placement of buildings, structures, structures and other objects affects the legitimate interests of citizens, the decision is made taking into account the results of referendums held in the respective territories.
Article 36. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when designing buildings, structures, structures and other objects
1. When designing buildings, structures, structures and other facilities, the standards for the permissible anthropogenic load on the environment should be taken into account, measures should be taken to prevent and eliminate environmental pollution, as well as methods for disposing production and consumption waste, resource-saving, low-waste, waste-free and other best existing technologies that contribute to environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources.
2. It is prohibited to change the cost of design work and approved projects by excluding planned environmental protection measures from such work and projects when designing construction, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects.
3. Projects for which there are no positive conclusions of the state environmental review are not subject to approval, and it is prohibited to finance their implementation.
Article 37
1. Construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities must be carried out according to approved projects that have positive conclusions from the state environmental review, in compliance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection, as well as sanitary and construction requirements, norms and rules.
2. Construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other objects are prohibited until the approval of projects and before the withdrawal land plots in kind, as well as changing approved projects to the detriment of environmental protection requirements.
3. During the construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities, measures are taken to protect the environment, restore the natural environment, reclaim land, and improve territories in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 38
1. The commissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities is carried out subject to the full compliance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection provided for by the projects, and in accordance with the acts of the commissions for the acceptance into operation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, in which include representatives of the federal executive bodies exercising state administration in the field of environmental protection.
2. It is prohibited to put into operation buildings, structures, structures and other facilities that are not equipped with technical means and technologies for the neutralization and safe disposal of production and consumption waste, neutralization of emissions and discharges of pollutants that ensure compliance with established requirements in the field of environmental protection. It is also prohibited to put into operation facilities that are not equipped with environmental pollution control devices without completing the work provided for by the projects on environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, land reclamation, and landscaping in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. The heads and members of the commissions for the commissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other objects shall, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, bear administrative and other responsibility for the acceptance of buildings, structures, structures and other objects that do not comply with the requirements of the legislation in the field of environmental protection .
Article 39
1. Legal entities and individuals operating buildings, structures, structures and other facilities are required to comply with approved technologies and requirements in the field of environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources.
2. Legal entities and individuals operating buildings, structures, structures and other facilities ensure compliance with environmental quality standards based on the application technical means and technologies for the neutralization and safe disposal of production and consumption waste, neutralization of emissions and discharges of pollutants, as well as other best existing technologies that ensure compliance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection, carry out activities to restore the natural environment, land reclamation, and landscaping in accordance with the law .
3. Decommissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities is carried out in accordance with the legislation in the field of environmental protection and in the presence of duly approved project documentation.
4. When decommissioning buildings, structures, structures and other facilities, measures must be developed and implemented to restore the natural environment, including the reproduction of components of the natural environment, in order to ensure a favorable environment.
5. Re-profiling the functions of buildings, structures, structures and other objects is carried out in agreement with the executive authorities exercising state administration in the field of environmental protection.
Article 40
1. Location, design, construction and operation of energy facilities are carried out in accordance with the requirements of Articles 34 - 39 of this Federal Law.
2. When designing and building thermal power plants, provision should be made for equipping them with highly efficient means for cleaning emissions and discharges of pollutants, using environmentally friendly fuels and safe disposal of production waste.
3. When locating, designing, building, reconstructing, commissioning and operating hydroelectric power plants, the real needs for electrical energy of the respective regions, as well as the features of the terrain, must be taken into account.
When placing these objects, measures should be taken to preserve water bodies, catchment areas, aquatic biological resources, lands, soils, forests and other vegetation, biological diversity, ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, preserve natural landscapes, specially protected natural areas and natural monuments, as well as take measures for the timely disposal of wood and fertile soil layer during clearing and flooding of the bed of reservoirs and other necessary measures to prevent negative changes in the natural environment, preserve the water regime, providing the most favorable conditions for the reproduction of aquatic biological resources.
4. When placing, designing, building, commissioning and operating nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants, environmental protection from the radiation effects of such installations must be ensured, the established procedure and standards for the implementation of technological process, the requirements of federal executive bodies authorized to exercise state supervision and control in the field of ensuring radiation safety, as well as state regulation of safety in the use of atomic energy, measures should be taken to ensure complete radiation safety of the environment and the population in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and generally accepted principles and norms of international law, to ensure the training and maintenance of qualifications of employees of nuclear installations.
5. The siting of nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants, is carried out if the projects and other supporting materials have positive conclusions from the state environmental review and other state reviews provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and confirming the environmental and radiation safety of nuclear installations.
6. Projects for the siting of nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants, must contain solutions that ensure their safe decommissioning.
Article 41 military equipment
1. Requirements in the field of environmental protection for the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities, fully apply to military and defense facilities, weapons and military equipment, with the exception of emergency situations that prevent compliance with environmental protection requirements.
2. The list of emergencies that impede compliance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection in the siting, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of military and defense facilities, weapons and military equipment is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 42. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the operation of agricultural facilities
1. During the operation of agricultural facilities, requirements in the field of environmental protection must be observed, measures must be taken to protect lands, soils, water bodies, plants, animals and other organisms from the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment.
2. Agricultural organizations engaged in the production, procurement and processing of agricultural products, other agricultural organizations in the course of their activities must comply with the requirements in the field of environmental protection.
3. Agricultural facilities must have the necessary sanitary protection zones and treatment facilities that exclude contamination of soils, surface and ground waters, catchment areas and atmospheric air.
Article 43
When carrying out land reclamation, placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of reclamation systems and separately located hydraulic structures, measures should be taken to ensure the water management balance and economical use of water, protect land, soil, forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms, as well as the prevention of other negative impacts on the environment during the implementation of land reclamation measures. Land reclamation should not lead to environmental degradation, disrupt the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems.
Article 44
1. When placing, designing, building, reconstructing urban and rural settlements, the requirements in the field of environmental protection must be observed, ensuring a favorable state of the environment for human life, as well as for the habitat of plants, animals and other organisms, and the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems.
Buildings, structures, structures and other objects must be located taking into account the requirements in the field of environmental protection, sanitary and hygienic standards and urban planning requirements.
2. When planning and developing urban and rural settlements, requirements in the field of environmental protection must be observed, measures must be taken for sanitary cleaning, neutralization and safe disposal of production and consumption waste, compliance with the standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, as well as for the restoration of the natural environment , land reclamation, landscaping and other measures to ensure environmental protection and environmental safety in accordance with the law.
3. In order to protect the environment of urban and rural settlements, protective and security zones are created, including sanitary protection zones, green areas, green areas, including forest park areas and other areas withdrawn from intensive economic use protective and security zones with a limited nature management regime.
Article 45
1. The production of motor vehicles and other vehicles must be carried out in accordance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection.
2. Legal entities and individuals operating motor vehicles and other vehicles that have a negative impact on the environment are required to comply with the standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, as well as take measures to neutralize pollutants, including their neutralization, and reduce noise levels. and other negative impact on the environment.
3. Relations in the field of production and operation of automobile and other vehicles are regulated by law.
Article 46
1. Location, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of oil and gas production facilities, facilities for processing, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and products of their processing must be carried out in accordance with the requirements established by legislation in the field of environmental protection.
2. When locating, designing, building, reconstructing, commissioning and operating oil and gas production facilities, facilities for processing, transporting, storing and selling oil, gas and products of their processing, effective measures should be taken to clean up and neutralize production waste and collect oil (associated ) gas and mineralized water, reclamation of disturbed and polluted lands, reduction of the negative impact on the environment, as well as compensation for environmental damage caused during the construction and operation of these facilities.
3. Construction and operation of oil and gas production facilities, facilities for processing, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and products of their processing are allowed if there are projects for the restoration of contaminated land in areas of temporary and (or) permanent land acquisition, positive conclusions of the state environmental review and other established legislation of state expertise, financial guarantees for the implementation of such projects.
4. Construction and operation of oil and gas production facilities, oil and gas processing, transportation and storage facilities located in the water areas of water bodies, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, are allowed if there are positive conclusions of the state environmental expertise and other state expertise established by law after the restoration of contaminated lands.
Article 47
1. The production and circulation of potentially hazardous chemicals, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms, shall be allowed on the territory of the Russian Federation after the necessary toxicological, hygienic and toxicological studies of these substances have been carried out, the procedure for handling them, environmental standards and state registration of these substances in in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. Neutralization of potentially hazardous chemical and biological substances is carried out in the presence of duly agreed design and technological documentation in accordance with the law.
Article 48. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when using radioactive substances and nuclear materials
1. Legal entities and individuals are obliged to comply with the rules for the production, storage, transportation, use, disposal of radioactive substances (sources of ionizing radiation) and nuclear materials, not to exceed the established maximum allowable standards for ionizing radiation, and in case of their excess, immediately inform the executive authorities in in the field of ensuring radiation safety about elevated levels of radiation dangerous to the environment and human health, to take measures to eliminate sources of radiation pollution.
2. Legal entities and individuals who do not ensure compliance with the rules for handling radioactive substances and nuclear materials, as well as radioactive waste, are liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. The import into the Russian Federation of radioactive waste and nuclear materials from foreign states for the purpose of their storage or disposal, as well as flooding, sending radioactive waste and nuclear materials for disposal into outer space are prohibited, except as otherwise established by this Federal Law.
4. Import into the Russian Federation from foreign countries of irradiated fuel assemblies of nuclear reactors for temporary technological storage and (or) their processing is permitted if the state environmental review and other state reviews of the relevant project, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, have been carried out, and the overall risk reduction has been substantiated. radiation impact and an increase in the level of environmental safety as a result of the implementation of the relevant project.
Irradiated fuel assemblies of nuclear reactors are imported into the Russian Federation on the basis of international treaties of the Russian Federation.
The procedure for the importation into the Russian Federation of irradiated fuel assemblies of nuclear reactors is established by the Government of the Russian Federation based on the basic principles of ensuring the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, environmental protection and economic interests of the Russian Federation, taking into account the priority of the right to return the radioactive waste generated after processing to the state of origin of nuclear materials or to ensure their return.
Article 49. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when using chemicals in agriculture and forestry
1. Legal entities and individuals are obliged to comply with the rules for the production, storage, transportation and use of chemicals used in agriculture and forestry, requirements in the field of environmental protection, as well as take measures to prevent the negative impact of economic and other activities and eliminate harmful consequences to ensure the quality of the environment, the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems and the conservation of natural landscapes in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 50. Protection of the environment from negative biological impact
1. Prohibited are the production, breeding and use of plants, animals and other organisms that are not characteristic of natural ecological systems, as well as those created by artificial means, without the development of effective measures to prevent their uncontrolled reproduction, a positive conclusion of the state ecological expertise, permission of the federal executive authorities exercising state administration in the field of environmental protection, other federal executive authorities in accordance with their competence and the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. When placing, designing, building, reconstructing, commissioning, operating and decommissioning hazardous production facilities, the use of technologies associated with the negative impact of microorganisms on the environment, the requirements in the field of environmental protection, environmental standards, including the standards for maximum permissible concentrations of microorganisms, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection, must be observed.
3. Legal entities and individuals engaged in activities related to the possibility of a negative impact of microorganisms on the environment are obliged to ensure environmentally safe production, transportation, use, storage, placement and neutralization of microorganisms, develop and implement measures to prevent accidents and disasters, prevent and eliminate consequences of the negative impact of microorganisms on the environment.
Article 51. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when handling production and consumption waste
1. Production and consumption waste, including radioactive waste, shall be subject to collection, use, neutralization, transportation, storage and burial, the conditions and methods of which must be safe for the environment and regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
discharge of production and consumption wastes, including radioactive wastes, into surface and underground water bodies, into catchment areas, into the subsoil and onto the soil;
placement of hazardous waste and radioactive waste in areas adjacent to urban and rural settlements, in forest parks, resorts, medical and recreational areas, on animal migration routes, near spawning grounds and in other places where a hazard to the environment may be created, natural ecological systems and human health;
disposal of hazardous waste and radioactive waste in the catchment areas of underground water bodies used as sources of water supply, for balneological purposes, to extract valuable mineral resources;
import of hazardous waste and radioactive waste into the Russian Federation for the purpose of their disposal and neutralization.
3. Relations in the field of handling production and consumption waste, as well as hazardous waste and radioactive waste are regulated by the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 52. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when establishing protective and protection zones
1. In order to ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, protect natural complexes, natural landscapes and specially protected natural areas from pollution and other negative impacts of economic and other activities, protective and protected zones are established.
2. In order to protect the conditions of human life, the habitat of plants, animals and other organisms around industrial zones and objects of economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment, protective and security zones are created, including sanitary protection zones, in quarters , microdistricts of urban and rural settlements - territories, green zones, including forest park zones and other zones with a limited nature management regime.
3. The procedure for establishing and creating protective and security zones is regulated by law.
Article 53
During the privatization and nationalization of property, environmental protection measures and compensation for damage to the environment are ensured.
Article 54. Protection of the ozone layer of the atmosphere
The protection of the ozone layer of the atmosphere from environmentally hazardous changes is ensured by regulating the production and use of substances that destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere, in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 55. Protection of the environment from negative physical impact
1. Bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies of local self-government, legal entities and individuals, when carrying out economic and other activities, are obliged to take the necessary measures to prevent and eliminate the negative impact of noise, vibration, electric, electromagnetic, magnetic fields and other negative physical impact on the environment in urban and rural settlements, recreation areas, habitats of wild animals and birds, including their breeding, on natural ecological systems and natural landscapes.
2. When planning and developing urban and rural settlements, designing, building, reconstructing and operating production facilities, creating and mastering new equipment, manufacturing and operating vehicles, measures must be developed to ensure compliance with the standards of permissible physical impacts.
Article 56. Measures of influence for violation of environmental requirements
In case of violation of the environmental requirements provided for by this Chapter, activities carried out in violation of these requirements may be limited, suspended or terminated in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Chapter VIII. Zones of ecological disaster, zones of emergency situations
Article 57
1. The procedure for declaring and establishing the regime of zones of ecological disaster is established by the legislation on zones of ecological disaster.
2. Environmental protection in emergency zones is established by the federal law on the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Chapter IX. Natural objects under special protection
Article 58. Measures for the protection of natural objects
1. Natural objects of special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other value value are under special protection. To protect such natural objects, a special legal regime is established, including the creation of specially protected natural areas.
2. The procedure for the creation and functioning of specially protected natural territories is regulated by the legislation on specially protected natural territories.
3. State natural reserves, including state natural biosphere reserves, state natural reserves, natural monuments, national parks, dendrological parks, natural parks, botanical gardens and other specially protected areas, natural objects with special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural , aesthetic, recreational, health-improving and other valuable value, form a natural reserve fund.
4. Withdrawal of lands of the natural reserve fund is prohibited, with the exception of cases provided for by federal laws.
5. Lands within the boundaries of the territories on which natural objects of special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable significance and are under special protection are located are not subject to privatization.
Article 59. Legal regime for the protection of natural objects
1. The legal regime for the protection of natural objects is established by legislation in the field of environmental protection, legislation on natural and cultural heritage, as well as other legislation.
2. Economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment and lead to the degradation and (or) destruction of natural objects that have special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other valuable significance and are under special protection are prohibited. .
Article 60. Protection of rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms
1. In order to protect and record rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Books of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are established. Plants, animals and other organisms belonging to the species listed in the Red Books are everywhere subject to withdrawal from economic use. In order to preserve rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, their genetic fund must be preserved in low-temperature genetic banks, as well as in an artificially created habitat. Activities leading to a reduction in the number of these plants, animals and other organisms and worsening their habitat are prohibited.
2. The procedure for the protection of rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, the procedure for maintaining the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the Red Books of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the procedure for preserving their genetic fund in low-temperature genetic banks and in an artificially created habitat is determined by legislation in the field of environmental protection.
3. Import into the Russian Federation, export from the Russian Federation and transit transportation through the Russian Federation, as well as circulation of rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, their especially valuable species, including plants, animals and other organisms falling under under the effect of international treaties of the Russian Federation, is regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account the generally recognized principles and norms of international law.
Article 61. Protection of the green fund of urban and rural settlements
1. The green fund of urban and rural settlements is a set of green areas, including areas covered with tree and shrub vegetation and areas covered with grassy vegetation, within the boundaries of these settlements.
2. The protection of the green fund of urban and rural settlements provides for a system of measures that ensure the preservation and development of the green fund and are necessary to normalize the ecological situation and create a favorable environment.
In the territories that are part of the green fund, economic and other activities that have a negative impact on these territories and impede the implementation of their functions of ecological, sanitary-hygienic and recreational purposes are prohibited.
3. State regulation in the field of protection of the green fund of urban and rural settlements is carried out in accordance with the law.
Article 62. Protection of rare and endangered soils
1. Rare and endangered soils are subject to state protection, and for the purpose of recording and protecting them, the Red Book of Soils of the Russian Federation and the Red Books of Soils of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are established, the procedure for maintaining which is determined by the legislation on soil protection.
2. The procedure for classifying soils as rare and endangered, as well as the procedure for establishing regimes for the use of land plots, the soils of which are classified as rare and endangered, is determined by legislation.
Chapter X. State Environmental Monitoring (State Environmental Monitoring)
Article 63. Organization of state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring)
1. State environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to monitor the state of the environment, including the state of the environment in the areas where sources of anthropogenic impact are located and the impact of these sources on the environment. environment, as well as in order to meet the needs of the state, legal entities and individuals in reliable information necessary to prevent and (or) reduce the adverse effects of changes in the state of the environment.
2. The procedure for organizing and implementing state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
3. Information on the state of the environment, its change, obtained in the course of state monitoring of the environment (state environmental monitoring), is used by the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments to develop forecasts of socio-economic development and adopt relevant decisions, development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation, target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and environmental protection measures.
The procedure for providing information on the state of the environment is regulated by law.
Chapter XI. Control in the field of environmental protection (environmental control)
Article 64. Tasks of control in the field of environmental protection (environmental control)
1. Control in the field of environmental protection (environmental control) is carried out in order to ensure the implementation of legislation in the field of environmental protection by the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, legal entities and individuals, compliance with requirements, including including standards and regulations in the field of environmental protection, as well as ensuring environmental safety.
2. State, industrial, municipal and public control in the field of environmental protection is exercised in the Russian Federation.
Article 65. State control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control)
1. State control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) is carried out by federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
State control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
2. The list of facilities subject to federal state environmental control in accordance with this Federal Law and other federal laws is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
3. The list of officials of the federal executive body exercising federal state environmental control (federal state inspectors in the field of environmental protection) is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
4. The list of officials of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising state environmental control (state inspectors in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation) is established in accordance with the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
5. It is prohibited to combine the functions of state control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) and the functions of economic use of natural resources.
Article 66. Rights, duties and responsibilities of state inspectors in the field of environmental protection
1. State inspectors in the field of environmental protection, in the performance of their official duties, within their powers, have the right in the prescribed manner:
visit organizations, objects of economic and other activities, regardless of the form of ownership, including objects subject to state protection, defense facilities, civil defense facilities, to get acquainted with documents and other materials necessary for the implementation of state environmental control;
check compliance with regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection, the operation of treatment facilities and other neutralizing devices, controls, as well as the implementation of plans and measures for environmental protection;
check compliance with the requirements, norms and rules in the field of environmental protection during the placement, construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of production and other facilities;
check the fulfillment of the requirements specified in the conclusion of the state environmental expertise, and make proposals for its implementation;
make demands and issue instructions to legal entities and individuals to eliminate violations of environmental protection legislation and violations of environmental requirements identified in the course of state environmental control;
suspend economic and other activities of legal entities and individuals in case of their violation of the legislation in the field of environmental protection;
bring to administrative responsibility persons who have committed violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection;
exercise other powers determined by law.
2. State inspectors in the field of environmental protection are obliged to:
to prevent, detect and suppress violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection;
explain to violators of legislation in the field of environmental protection their rights and obligations;
comply with legal requirements.
3. Decisions of state inspectors in the field of environmental protection may be appealed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. State inspectors in the field of environmental protection are subject to state protection in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 67. Production control in the field of environmental protection (industrial environmental control)
1. Production control in the field of environmental protection (industrial environmental control) is carried out in order to ensure the implementation in the process of economic and other activities of measures for environmental protection, rational use and restoration of natural resources, as well as in order to comply with requirements in the field of environmental protection, established by legislation in the field of environmental protection.
2. Subjects of economic and other activities are obliged to provide information on the organization of industrial environmental control to the executive authorities and local governments exercising state and municipal control, respectively, in the manner prescribed by law.
Article 68 municipal control in the field of environmental protection (municipal environmental control) and public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control)
1. Municipal control in the field of environmental protection (municipal environmental control) on the territory of a municipal formation is carried out by local governments or bodies authorized by them.
2. Municipal control in the field of environmental protection (municipal environmental control) on the territory of the municipality is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and in the manner established by the regulatory legal acts of local governments.
3. Public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control) is carried out in order to realize the right of everyone to a favorable environment and prevent violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection.
4. Public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control) is carried out by public and other non-profit associations in accordance with their charters, as well as by citizens in accordance with the law.
5. The results of public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control), submitted to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, are subject to mandatory consideration in the manner prescribed by law.
Article 69. State registration of objects that have a negative impact on the environment
1. State registration of objects that have a negative impact on the environment is carried out for the purpose of state regulation of environmental activities, as well as current and long-term planning of measures to reduce the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment.
2. State accounting of objects that have a negative impact on the environment, as well as the assessment of this impact on the environment, is carried out in the manner prescribed by law.
3. Objects that have a negative impact on the environment and data on their impact on the environment are subject to state statistical accounting.
Chapter XII. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection
Article 70. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection
1. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection is carried out for the purposes of the social, economic and environmentally balanced development of the Russian Federation, the creation of a scientific basis for environmental protection, the development of scientifically based measures to improve and restore the environment, ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety.
2. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection is carried out in order to:
development of concepts, scientific forecasts and plans for the conservation and restoration of the environment;
assessment of the consequences of the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment;
improvement of legislation in the field of environmental protection, creation of regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection;
development and improvement of indicators of a comprehensive environmental impact assessment, methods and methods for their determination;
development and creation best technology in the field of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources;
development of programs for the rehabilitation of territories classified as zones of ecological disaster;
development of measures for the conservation and development of the natural potential and recreational potential of the Russian Federation;
other purposes in the field of environmental protection.
3. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection is carried out by scientific organizations in accordance with the federal law on science and state scientific and technical policy.
Chapter XIII. Fundamentals of the formation of ecological culture
Article 71. Generality and complexity of environmental education
In order to form an ecological culture and professional training of specialists in the field of environmental protection, a system of general and comprehensive environmental education is being established, including preschool and general education, secondary, vocational and higher professional education, postgraduate professional education, professional retraining and advanced training of specialists, and also dissemination of environmental knowledge, including through the media, museums, libraries, cultural institutions, environmental institutions, sports and tourism organizations.
Article 72. Teaching the basics of environmental knowledge in educational institutions
1. In preschool educational institutions, educational institutions and educational institutions additional education regardless of their profile and organizational and legal forms, the basics of environmental knowledge are taught.
2. In accordance with the profile of educational institutions providing professional training, retraining and advanced training of specialists, the teaching of academic disciplines on environmental protection, environmental safety and rational nature management is provided.
Article 73. Training of heads of organizations and specialists in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety
1. The heads of organizations and specialists responsible for making decisions in the course of economic and other activities that have or may have a negative impact on the environment must be trained in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety.
2. Training of heads of organizations and specialists in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety responsible for making decisions in the course of economic and other activities that have or may have a negative impact on the environment is carried out in accordance with the law.
Article 74. Environmental education
1. In order to form an ecological culture in society, foster a caring attitude towards nature, rational use of natural resources, environmental education is carried out through the dissemination of environmental knowledge about environmental safety, information about the state of the environment and the use of natural resources.
2. Environmental education, including informing the population about legislation in the field of environmental protection and legislation in the field of environmental safety, is carried out by state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public associations, the media, and also educational institutions, cultural institutions, museums, libraries, environmental institutions, sports and tourism organizations, other legal entities.
Chapter XIV. Responsibility for violation of environmental legislation and resolution of disputes in the field of environmental protection
Article 75. Types of liability for violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection
For violation of the legislation in the field of environmental protection, property, disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability is established in accordance with the legislation.
Article 76. Settlement of disputes in the field of environmental protection
Disputes in the field of environmental protection are resolved in court in accordance with the law.
Article 77. Obligation to fully compensate for environmental damage
1. Legal entities and individuals who have caused harm to the environment as a result of its pollution, depletion, damage, destruction, irrational use of natural resources, degradation and destruction of natural ecological systems, natural complexes and natural landscapes and other violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection, are obliged reimburse it in full in accordance with the law.
2. Damage to the environment caused by a subject of economic and other activities, including for the project of which there is a positive conclusion of the state environmental expertise, including activities for the removal of components of the natural environment, is subject to compensation by the customer and (or) the subject of economic and other activities.
3. Damage to the environment caused by a subject of economic and other activities shall be compensated in accordance with the duly approved rates and methods for calculating the amount of damage to the environment, and in their absence, based on the actual costs of restoring the disturbed state of the environment, taking into account the losses incurred, including lost profits.
Article 78
1. Compensation for damage to the environment caused by violation of the legislation in the field of environmental protection is carried out voluntarily or by decision of a court or an arbitration court.
Determining the amount of damage to the environment caused by violation of the legislation in the field of environmental protection is carried out based on the actual costs of restoring the disturbed state of the environment, taking into account the losses incurred, including lost profits, as well as in accordance with the projects of reclamation and other restoration works, in their absence, in accordance with the rates and methods for calculating the amount of damage to the environment, approved by the executive authorities exercising state administration in the field of environmental protection.
2. On the basis of a decision of a court or an arbitration court, damage to the environment caused by a violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection may be compensated by imposing on the defendant the obligation to restore the disturbed state of the environment at his expense in accordance with the project of restoration work.
3. Claims for compensation for damage to the environment caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection may be brought within twenty years.
Article 79
1. Damage caused to the health and property of citizens by the negative impact of the environment as a result of economic and other activities of legal entities and individuals shall be subject to compensation in full.
2. Determination of the volume and amount of compensation for harm caused to the health and property of citizens as a result of violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection is carried out in accordance with the law.
Article 80
Claims for restriction, suspension or termination of the activities of legal entities and individuals carried out in violation of the legislation in the field of environmental protection are considered by a court or an arbitration court.
Chapter XV. International cooperation in the field of environmental protection
Article 81. Principles of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection
The Russian Federation carries out international cooperation in the field of environmental protection in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.
Article 82. International treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection
1. International treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection that do not require the issuance of domestic acts for application shall apply directly to relations arising in the course of carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection. In other cases, along with the international treaty of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, the relevant regulatory legal act adopted to implement the provisions of the international treaty of the Russian Federation is applied.
2. If an international treaty of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection establishes rules other than those provided for by this Federal Law, the rules of the international treaty shall apply.
Chapter XVI. Final provisions
Article 83. Entry into force of this Federal Law
This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.
Article 84
1. From the date of entry into force of this Federal Law, to recognize as invalid:
Law of the RSFSR of December 19, 1991 N2060-I "On Environmental Protection" (Bulletin of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1992, N10, Art. 457), with the exception of Article 84, which becomes invalid simultaneously with the introduction into effect of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses;
Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N2397-I "On Amendments to Article 20 of the Law of the RSFSR "On Environmental Protection" (Bulletin of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1992, N10, Article 459);
article 4 of the Law of the Russian Federation of June 2, 1993 N5076-I "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the RSFSR "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population", the Law of the Russian Federation "On Protection of Consumer Rights", the Law of the Russian Federation "On Environmental Protection" "(Vedomosti of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1993, N29, Art. 1111);
Federal Law of July 10, 2001 N93-FZ "On Amending Article 50 of the Law of the RSFSR "On Environmental Protection" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2001, N29, Art. 2948).
2. Decree of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of December 19, 1991 N2061-I "On the Procedure for Enacting the Law of the RSFSR "On the Protection of the Environment" (Bulletin of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1992, N10, Art. 458) lapses simultaneously with Article 84 of the Law of the RSFSR "On the Protection of the Environment".
3. The President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation shall bring their regulatory legal acts in line with this Federal Law.
The president
Russian Federation
V. Putin
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 26, 1997 N 643
"On Approval of the Regulations on the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection"
The Government of the Russian Federation decides:
1. Approve the attached Regulations on the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection.
2. Recognize invalid the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 23, 1994 N 375 "On approval of the Regulations on the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of the Russian Federation" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1994, N 3, Art. 211).
Position
on the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection
(approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 26, 1997 N 643)
With changes and additions from:
1. The State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection (Goskomekologiya Rossii) is a federal executive body that carries out, on a collective basis, intersectoral coordination and functional regulation in the field of environmental protection, environmental safety, conservation of biological diversity, waste management, with the exception of radioactive (hereinafter referred to as waste), in terms of compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation.
The State Ecology Committee of Russia exercises state environmental control, state environmental expertise and management of state nature reserves and other specially protected areas under its jurisdiction, and is responsible for the improvement and improvement of the quality of the environment.
2. Goskomekologiya of Russia in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as this Regulation.
3. The State Committee for Ecology of Russia and the territorial bodies of this Committee are specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, state environmental expertise, as well as within their competence in the field of waste management, state control over the use and protection of land, in the field of protection , control and regulation of the use of objects of the animal world and their habitat.
4. The State Committee for Ecology of Russia, the territorial bodies of this Committee, specialized inspections, research and other organizations established by the State Committee for Ecology of Russia in accordance with the established procedure to ensure their activities, constitute a single system.
5. The State Committee for Ecology of Russia carries out its activities in cooperation with other federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities, public associations, organizations and citizens.
6. The main tasks of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia in the field of environmental protection, environmental safety, conservation of biological diversity and waste management are:
1) implementation of state policy, state administration and control;
2) intersectoral coordination of the activities of executive authorities and organizations;
3) carrying out the state ecological expertise;
4) organization and implementation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation of state environmental control, state control over the protection of atmospheric air, as well as, within its competence, state control over the use, reproduction and protection of certain types of natural resources and objects;
5) formation of a regulatory and instructive and methodological base and the implementation of a unified scientific and technical policy;
6) regulation, within the limits of its competence, together with other federal executive bodies of nature management for the purpose of protecting the environment, ensuring environmental safety and preserving biological diversity;
7) organization of monitoring of sources of anthropogenic impact on the environment and monitoring of flora and fauna (except for forests);
8) providing the population, public authorities and local governments with environmental information;
9) implementation of the obligations of the Russian Federation arising from Russia's membership in international organizations and participation in international treaties, the implementation of international cooperation;
10) formation of a system of specially protected natural areas under the jurisdiction of the Committee, exercising, within its competence, state control in the field of organization and functioning of specially protected natural areas, managing the objects of the natural reserve fund of the Russian Federation under the jurisdiction of the Committee, maintaining the Red Book of the Russian Federation;
11) within its competence to protect, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, their living and non-living resources in order to protect the marine environment, economic and other legitimate interests of the Russian Federation.
7. In accordance with the main tasks in the field of environmental protection, environmental safety, conservation of biological diversity and waste management, the State Committee for Ecology of Russia:
1) develops proposals on the main directions of the state environmental policy;
2) carries out the development and implementation in the prescribed manner of federal and interstate targeted programs, as well as environmental projects;
3) participates in the development of forecasts and programs for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, in the implementation of a unified scientific, technical and investment policy;
4) develops in accordance with the established procedure drafts of legislative and other normative legal acts;
5) organize and carry out, in accordance with the established procedure, the issuance (cancellation) of licenses and permits for:
recycling, storage, movement (including transboundary), placement, burial, destruction of industrial and other wastes, materials and substances (except for radioactive);
carrying out environmental certification, certification and environmental auditing;
implementation of activities related to works (services) for environmental purposes;
emissions, discharges of pollutants into the environment (except for water bodies in cases provided for by water legislation), as well as harmful physical impacts on the environment;
acquisition, collection, sale, purchase, exchange, shipment, maintenance, storage, export abroad and import into the country of biological collections, biological objects, including those related to animal and plant species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, animal and plant species subject to international treaties, as well as their products, parts and derivatives;
registration of zoological collections, as well as nurseries and other institutions for breeding rare and endangered species of animals and plants;
6) coordinate within its competence the norms (standards) and rules for the use of certain types of natural resources, limits (quotas) for their withdrawal;
7) organizes the work of the Federal Environmental Fund of the Russian Federation, participates in the preparation of proposals for the use of its funds, and also controls their intended use;
8) carries out, in accordance with the established procedure, scientific, methodological and financial support for the activities of its territorial bodies and subordinate organizations;
9) organize and exercise state environmental control, ensure, within its competence, control over compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation, issue mandatory instructions to eliminate identified violations and, in the prescribed manner, restrict and suspend economic and other activities carried out in violation of environmental requirements;
10) participate together with other specially authorized state bodies in the maintenance of cadastres of natural resources;
11) keeps records of objects that pollute the natural environment or have other negative impact on it;
12) draws up and maintains the state cadastre of waste, the state register of objects of their placement and keeps records of waste;
13) ensures the creation and functioning of environmental information systems, organizes the collection, storage, processing, analysis and dissemination of information on the problems of environmental protection and (within its competence) natural resources, maintains environmental data banks together with interested federal executive authorities, participates in the maintenance of data banks on natural resources and their use, on environmental and resource-saving technical, technological, organizational and economic solutions;
14) together with the State Statistics Committee of Russia and with the participation of other interested federal executive bodies, develops the procedure and forms of statistical reporting on issues within the competence of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia;
15) organizes, together with other federal executive bodies, work on regulatory and metrological support, standardization in the field of activity of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, and also (within its competence) in the field of environmental management;
16) organize and conduct mandatory certification for compliance with environmental requirements;
17) ensures, together with other federal executive bodies, the development of environmental requirements to be taken into account in state standards, departmental instructive-methodical and normative-technical documents;
18) develops, coordinates or approves, in agreement with the relevant federal executive authorities, within its competence, regulatory legal acts and instructive and methodological documents for carrying out environmental certification of production, economic and other objects and territories;
19) carry out, in accordance with the established procedure, general management of the creation and operation of the unified state system of environmental monitoring and the Unified State Automated System for Monitoring the Radiation Situation (EGASKRO);
20) organizes and conducts the state environmental review, controls the fulfillment of the requirements contained in the conclusions of the state environmental review;
21) ensure, together with other specially authorized state bodies, the protection of the marine environment, its living and non-living resources, the conservation of biological diversity, compliance with environmental safety standards in internal sea waters and the territorial sea, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation;
22) participates in the organization of a system of universal continuous environmental education and education, carries out work to promote knowledge in the field of environmental protection, environmental safety and conservation of biological diversity;
23) develops and approves instructive and methodological documentation on the establishment and collection of fees for emissions (discharges) of pollutants (including radioactive) into the environment, waste disposal and other types of harmful effects, to determine and compensate for harm caused by environmental pollution;
24) coordinates, within its competence, the activities of federal executive bodies and their territorial bodies, including on the following issues:
organization of the system and maintenance of state cadastres in the field of environmental protection;
licensing activities for conducting observations of sources of anthropogenic impact on the environment and zones of their impact;
25) organize the preparation of the annual state report on the state of the environment in the Russian Federation;
26) coordinate international treaties in accordance with the established procedure, implement, together with other federal executive bodies, the fulfillment of obligations arising from the membership of the Russian Federation in international organizations and its participation in international treaties on environmental protection, environmental safety and conservation of biological diversity, and carry out international cooperation , studies, generalizes and disseminates foreign experience in this field;
27) develops and approves, within its competence, a list of works and services for environmental purposes;
28) takes measures to improve working conditions, social and living conditions and medical care for employees of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia;
29) organizes retraining and advanced training of personnel for the system of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia;
30) develops and approves, in accordance with the established procedure, samples of uniforms and insignia of state inspectors for nature protection and the procedure for wearing uniforms;
31) carries out, within the limits of the granted powers, the management of territorial bodies and subordinate organizations, exercises control over their activities, including the targeted use of financial and material resources;
32) ensures the development of the material and technical base of subordinate organizations of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia and control over its effective use;
33) participates in the formation of an economic mechanism for regulating environmental activities in order to protect the environment and ensure environmental safety;
34) carry out, in accordance with its competence, control over activities in the field of waste management, including activities for their collection, use, neutralization, transportation and placement;
35) exercise quotas and control over the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances, as well as other measures of state regulation of import into the Russian Federation and export from the Russian Federation of ozone-depleting substances and products containing them;
36) carries out management and general methodological support of work on the regulation of emissions of pollutants into the environment, the determination of limits for waste disposal and permissible levels of environmental impact, approves the standards for maximum permissible emissions of pollutants into the environment, limits for waste disposal, permissible levels of environmental impact environment;
37) agree on the standards for maximum permissible harmful effects on water bodies;
38) performs the functions of the administrative body of the Russian Federation under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora of March 3, 1973.
8. The State Committee for Ecology of Russia, within its competence, has the right to:
1) approve instructive-methodical and normative-technical documents (rules) in the field of environmental protection, environmental safety, conservation of biological diversity;
2) to request and receive, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, from the federal executive authorities, their territorial bodies, organizations, information necessary for the performance of tasks in the field of environmental protection, environmental safety, conservation of biological diversity;
3) hear reports from the heads of organizations on compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation, environmental norms and rules, implementation of programs, plans and measures for environmental protection, as well as (within their competence) on environmental management issues;
4) to freely visit for the purpose of checking organizations (including sensitive ones in accordance with the established procedure) and other objects and protected territories, regardless of departmental affiliation and form of ownership, located and operating on the territory of Russia, in the territorial sea, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive the economic zone of the Russian Federation, to draw up acts and protocols based on the results of their inspections, to issue mandatory instructions to eliminate violations of environmental legislation, as well as on issues of their competence in the field of nature management;
5) to restrict or suspend in accordance with the established procedure economic and other activities carried out in violation of the requirements of environmental legislation, environmental norms and rules, the conclusions of the state environmental expertise and the terms of licenses for the implementation of certain types of activities related to the performance of works (services) for environmental purposes, as well as issue binding orders to stop funding these activities;
6) to consider, in the manner prescribed by the current legislation, cases of administrative offenses in the field of environmental protection, as well as (within its competence) in the field of nature management;
7) cancel in accordance with the established procedure within its competence licenses (permits) or give representations about their cancellation;
8) prohibit the commissioning of facilities, the construction or reconstruction of which was carried out in violation of environmental standards, rules and conclusions of the state environmental expertise;
9) to stop and inspect, in cooperation with authorized state bodies, Russian and foreign ships and other floating facilities to check compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation, environmental norms and rules, and in case of violations in this area, detain them until the issue of compensation for damage caused is resolved; environment;
10) check in cooperation with the relevant federal executive authorities vehicles and prohibit their operation in case of violation of environmental norms and rules;
11) prohibit the import into the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the transit (onward transportation) of environmentally hazardous goods (products, waste, raw materials) carried out in violation of environmental norms and rules;
12) bring claims to a court or arbitration court for compensation for damage caused to the environment as a result of violation of environmental legislation;
13) establish, in accordance with the established procedure, territorial bodies for environmental protection, approve regulations on these bodies, and also determine, within the established number of employees and wage fund, the structure and staff of territorial bodies;
14) approve, in accordance with the current legislation, charters (regulations), including model ones, on subordinate bodies and organizations;
15) appoint and dismiss the heads of subordinate bodies and organizations, conclude, amend and terminate contracts with them in cases and in the manner established by the current legislation;
16) publish or transfer for publication information related to the environmental safety of the population;
17) collect debts on payments for environmental pollution and other negative impacts on it in accordance with the established procedure.
9. Officials of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, territorial bodies and subordinate organizations of this Committee have the right, in the performance of their official duties, to keep, carry and use service weapons and special means in cases and in the manner established by current legislation.
10. Decisions of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia and the territorial bodies of this Committee on issues within their competence are binding on executive authorities, legal entities and individuals.
These decisions can be challenged in court.
11. The State Committee for Ecology of Russia is headed by a chairman appointed to and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Deputy Chairmen of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia are appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
12. Chairman of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia:
carries out general management of the activities of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia on the basis of unity of command and is personally responsible for the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the Committee, approves, within the established number of employees of the central office and the payroll fund, the structure, staffing and estimates for the maintenance of the central office;
appoints and dismisses employees of the central office of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia;
appoints and dismisses the heads of territorial bodies and subordinate organizations of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia;
issues orders, directives, gives instructions, approves instructions that are obligatory for the employees of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, its territorial bodies and subordinate organizations;
exercise other powers in accordance with applicable law.
13. The State Committee for Ecology of Russia forms a collegium consisting of the Chairman of the Committee (Chairman of the Board), his deputies ex officio, heads of structural subdivisions of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, representatives of other specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, heads of territorial bodies, leading scientists and specialists.
The number and composition of the collegium (except for persons included in it ex officio) is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the chairman of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.
The distribution of duties among the members of the board is made by the chairman of the board.
The Board considers the main issues of the activities of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, territorial bodies and subordinate organizations, hears officials on issues within the competence of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia. Decisions of the Board are documented in protocols and approved by orders of the Chairman of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.
14. In the State Committee for Ecology of Russia are created:
scientific and technical council of scientists, highly qualified specialists, as well as representatives of scientific, engineering societies and other organizations;
Council of State Ecological Expertise;
a council of authorized representatives of regional associations of territorial environmental authorities and other advisory bodies on a voluntary basis, necessary to fulfill the tasks and functions assigned to the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.
The composition of these councils and their regulations are approved by the Chairman of the Committee.
Organizational and technical support for the activities of these councils is carried out by the central office of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia.
15. Financing of expenses for the maintenance of the central office of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia is carried out at the expense of the federal budget allocated for the functioning of the system of federal executive bodies, and the territorial bodies of this Committee and organizations subordinate to the Committee - at the expense of the federal budget and other sources in accordance with the current legislation.
16. The State Committee for Ecology of Russia is a legal entity, has budgetary and other accounts in banking institutions, a seal depicting the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and with its name.
PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
On the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development
Revoked due to
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 19, 2017 N 176
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In order to determine the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development, as well as being guided by the documents of the UN Conference on Environment and Development,
I decide:
1. Approve the Basic Provisions of the State Strategy of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in accordance with the Appendix.
2. To the Government of the Russian Federation:
to approve, within two months, the action plan of the Government of the Russian Federation for environmental protection for 1994-1995 as the first stage in the implementation of the Main Provisions of the State Strategy of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development;
develop and submit in 1994 for consideration by the President of the Russian Federation a draft concept for the transition of the Russian Federation to a sustainable development model that provides a balanced solution to the problems of socio-economic development in the future and the preservation of a favorable state of the environment and natural resource potential in order to meet the vital needs of the population.
3. This Decree comes into force from the moment of its signing.
The president
Russian Federation
B. Yeltsin
MAIN PROVISIONS of the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development
The main provisions of the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development are the basis for constructive interaction between state authorities of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, local governments, entrepreneurs and public associations to ensure a comprehensive solution to the problems of balanced economic development and improvement of the environment.
The implementation of the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development provides for the implementation of the right of citizens to a favorable environment, enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights of future generations to use the natural resource potential in order to maintain sustainable development, as well as the solution of current socio-economic problems in close connection with the implementation of adequate measures to protect and improve the environment, conserve and restore natural resources.
1. Ensuring environmentally sound sustainable development in a market economy
In order to ensure environmentally safe sustainable development, state regulation of nature management and stimulation of environmental protection activities are carried out by pursuing a targeted socio-economic, financial and tax policy in the conditions of the development of market relations. Economic activity is focused on achieving economic well-being in combination with the environmental safety of Russia.
The main activities to ensure environmentally sound sustainable development:
environmentally sound distribution of productive forces;
environmentally safe development of industry, energy, transport and public utilities;
ecologically safe development of agriculture;
sustainable use of renewable natural resources;
rational use of non-renewable natural resources;
expanded use of secondary resources, recycling, neutralization and disposal of waste;
improvement of management in the field of environmental protection, nature management, prevention and elimination of emergency situations.
2. Protecting the human environment
In order to create conditions that allow citizens to exercise the constitutional right to life in a favorable environment, the following main areas of activity are envisaged:
creation of a healthy living environment for people in urban and rural settlements;
development of a system of natural complexes for recreational and health-improving purposes;
improving food quality;
providing the population with high-quality drinking water;
prevention of pollution of atmospheric air and water bodies;
ensuring radiation safety of the population;
prevention and reduction of the dangerous impact of natural phenomena, man-made accidents and disasters;
environmental education and education of the population.
3. Improvement (restoration) of disturbed ecosystems in ecologically unfavorable regions of Russia
In order to overcome the aggravated contradictions between the development of productive forces and the preservation of ecological balance in regions with an unfavorable environment, as well as to ensure the natural development of ecosystems, the preservation and restoration of unique natural complexes and landscapes, when solving territorial economic problems based on the optimization of nature management regimes and environmental protection, it is envisaged the following main activities:
the removal of a number of large cities and industrial centers from the crisis ecological situation;
overcoming the consequences of radioactive contamination of territories;
preservation of the natural complex of the Baikal basin;
implementation of the Volga Revival program;
restoration of disturbed ecosystems of the Black Sea coastal strip;
protection of the population and coastal territories from the consequences of the rise in the level of the Caspian Sea;
preservation of natural complexes of the Onega, Ladoga lakes and the Neva Bay;
solution of environmental problems in the regions of the Far North with the provision of a special regime for nature management;
preservation and restoration of the ecosystem of the sanatorium-resort complex "Caucasian Mineralnye Vody".
4. Participation in solving global environmental problems
In order to develop international cooperation for the conservation, protection and restoration of the Earth's ecosystem, the following main areas of activity are envisaged:
conservation of biodiversity;
protection of the ozone layer;
prevention of anthropogenic climate change;
forest protection and reforestation;
development and improvement of the system of specially protected natural areas;
ensuring the safe destruction of chemical and nuclear weapons;
solution of interstate environmental problems (transboundary pollution, problems of the Baltic, Caspian, Black and Aral seas, the Arctic region);
restoration of the ecosystem and species composition of hydrobionts of the Sea of Azov;
solution of the problems of the oceans.
