fold
Seam is a type of seam when joining sheets of metal roofing. The most hermetic and moisture-proof is a double standing seam. This longitudinal connection, protruding above the roof plane between two adjacent roofing panels, the edges of which have a double bend.
Seam roofing
Roofing made of sheet and rolled galvanized steel, as well as polymer-coated steel, in which the connection individual elements coverings are made using folds.
Raised floor
Raised floor – prefabricated floors industrial buildings with a ventilated underground. Electrical and other communications are laid in the false field.
Plywood
Plywood - layered wood material, glued from an odd (three or more) number of sheets of peeled veneer. The veneer fibers of adjacent plywood layers are oriented mutually perpendicular. It is divided into plywood for general and special purposes.
Porcelain
Fine ceramics products white with a firing temperature of 1250–1450 degrees. C. They have low water absorption (up to 1%) and a fairly high hardness (6.57–7.5 on the Mohs scale). They are divided into products made of hard and soft porcelain, which is determined by the firing temperature. Exist technical varieties porcelain, which have a number of specific qualities.
Facade
Facade - front side building. There are facades: main, side, rear, street, yard, garden.
Ventilated facade
Ventilated facade - currently, the design of a ventilated facade using panels and additional insulation is becoming increasingly widespread. This ventilated façade combines quick installation, high quality thermal protection, durability, and attractive appearance.
Shaped hole
A hole whose shape is other than round.
Half-timbered
Half-timbered — frame system, consisting of interconnected racks, beams and braces. The half-timbered structure plays not only a constructive, but also a decorative role, visually dividing the façade.
Faience
Fine ceramic products coated with transparent or dull glaze. Water absorption is 9–12%. Unlike porcelain, they contain more clay, as well as chalk or limestone. Used for the manufacture of tiles and sanitary products.
Rafter truss
Rafter truss is a lattice supporting structure used to cover large spans.
Fechral
General name for heat-resistant iron-based alloys containing chromium (Cr) and aluminum (Al), combining heat resistance with high electrical resistivity. Fechral is produced mainly in the form of wire and tape. It is used as a substitute for nichrome for the manufacture of resistance elements operating with heating not exceeding 1000 degrees. C.
Fiber
Fiber is a material in the form of fibers or narrow strips used for dispersed reinforcement of concrete structures. This increases the resistance to stretching, abrasion, shock loads. Fiber can be steel, glass, basalt, polymer.
Fiber concrete
Fiber-reinforced concrete is a structural material produced from fine-grained concrete reinforced with finely dispersed synthetic or glass fiber, as well as metal mesh fiber.
Fibrolite
Fiberboard is a slab material, usually made from special wood shavings (wood wool) and inorganic binder. Wood wool is obtained in the form of thin and narrow shavings up to 30 cm long on special machines. Portland cement is used as a binder in fiberboard, less often magnesia binder. Thermal insulating fiberboard has an average density of 300-500 kg/m3.
Acoustic fiberboard
Acoustic fiberboard is a material made from wood wool or synthetic fiber and a mineral binder (Portland cement or gypsum). The sound absorption coefficient of acoustic fiberboard is at least 0.4.
Magnesia fiberboard
Magnesia fiberboard is a fiberboard made without special mineralization, since caustic magnesite is mixed with aqueous solutions of magnesium salts, which bind water-soluble substances contained in wood.
Fiber cement
A material consisting of cement (80-90%), reinforcing fibers and mineral fillers. Used for making wall panels, partitions and facing slabs (sheets). Initially (at the very beginning of the 20th century) asbestos was used as a fiber; today it is synthetic and glass fibers.
Panel
Panel - sections of the wall highlighted with thin profiled frames. Also, a panel is a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic that covers the gap in the frame of the door leaf.
Fitting
Fitting is a connecting part of a pipeline, installed in places of its branches, turns and transitions to another diameter.
Flange
Flange - a metal flat disk at the ends of pipes, used to fasten them together using bolts or rivets.
Flop
A flap disc is a grinding device that is an abrasive material in the form of leaves attached to a fiberglass-reinforced circle. Flip discs have a number of advantages over fiber discs, especially when polishing thin metal sheets. They do not require the use of a rigid backing and can be placed directly on the machine; do not leave carbon deposits, operate without noise and vibration; have greater productivity and wear resistance. Flip disks come in two types: direct (provide high results when processing smooth surfaces) and conical (when performing grinding operations they easily reach the most hard to reach places treated surface).
Outbuilding
A side (or free-standing) extension to the main building.
Wind vane
A device designed to measure wind direction, in the form of one or two plates located at an angle, which, when rotated around a vertical axis, are installed with a counterweight towards the wind.
Vane
A device for determining the direction and speed of wind in the form of a metal flag that rotates under the influence of the wind and is mounted on a vertical axis. The counterweight of the flag is directed in the direction from which the wind is blowing. The strength of the wind is determined by the angle of deviation from the vertical of a freely swinging metal plate mounted on the weather vane perpendicular to the direction of the wind.
Fluorite
Another name is fluorspar, a fluoride class mineral; formula chemical composition CaF2. Hardness on the mineralogical scale is 4, density is 3180–3200 kg/m3, melting point is 1360 degrees. C. Various colors: yellow, green, purple, etc. Used in metallurgy as a flux; in the chemical industry - for the production of hydrofluoric acid, as well as enamels and glazes for ceramic production. Widely used in optics for making lenses, lenses, etc.
Folgoizol
Rolled material consisting of thin corrugated aluminum foil, covered on the underside with a layer of bitumen-rubber or bitumen-polymer binder, consisting of bitumen and rubber or rubber with a mineral filler and an antiseptic.
Building lantern
Convex ( various shapes) part of the covering of a structure that has openings for lighting and ventilation.
Nozzle
A nozzle is a device for spraying liquids. The liquid is supplied under pressure or using compressed air.
Phosphogypsum
Phosphogypsum is a by-product industrial production, mainly containing gypsum dihydrate. Phosphogypsum is a valuable raw material for the production of building gypsum.
Transom
Transom - the upper glazed part of the window frame. Sometimes a transom is installed above the door leaves.
Milling cutter
Multi-tooth tool in the form of a body of revolution for processing various materials(metals, wood, plastics) cutting (milling). There are cylindrical, end, disc groove, cut-off, end, key, corner, shaped, worm and other cutters. In addition, cutters are distinguished by the shape of the teeth; in the direction of helical grooves (with right and left grooves); by design (solid, composite, prefabricated, etc.): by method of fastening; according to the material of the cutting part.
end mill
A cutter designed for simultaneous processing of two mutually perpendicular surfaces.
End mill
Milling cutter designed for processing flat surfaces, the axis of which is perpendicular to the surface being processed. It can be assembled with hard alloy plates and with insert knives. The cutting part of each knife has cutting edges, the location of which is determined by the projection onto the axial plane passing through the top of the cutter tooth.
Milling cutter
A milling cutter designed for processing surfaces that follow its own shape.
Cylindrical cutter
A cutter designed for processing flat surfaces whose axis is parallel to the surface being processed. Cylindrical cutter has teeth only on the cylindrical part.
Worm cutter
A cutter designed for cutting sprocket teeth for single and multi-row drive roller and bushing chains and for the production of cylindrical gears.
Key cutter
A cutter used for processing keyways.
Fresco
Fresco is painting with water paints on freshly applied, damp plaster.
Gable
Bounded on the sides by roof slopes and below by a cornice, the completion of a building façade, portico, colonnade, usually triangular in shape.
Jointer
Manual carpentry tool, intended for final finishing planing; leveling large surfaces; jointing (fitting) of individual parts. Structurally, it is designed like a long plane with a double knife.
Foundation
Mainly the underground part of the structure, which serves as its support and transfers the load to the base.
Lining
Protective inner lining. The term is used in relation to thermal units, chemical apparatus, and crushing equipment. The lining is made of a material that is more resistant to the influence of the corresponding factor (can be fire-resistant, acid-resistant, heat-insulating, protecting from mechanical influences). Sometimes lining is called the outer protective lining of the elements of units.
Shutterstock.com Good vision is something we don’t pay attention to when we’re young, but once we lose it, it’s immediately clear that our quality of life has deteriorated sharply. And it would be better if we made every effort to keep our eyes in good condition for as long as possible. Very often we damage our eyes and don’t even realize it. For example, we eat something that is harmful eye muscles and blood vessels, and bad blood vessels are a disaster for vision. Let's figure out which products can cause irreparable harm to the eyes. White bread White bread is made from premium wheat flour,…
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When we accept the reality of a stressful or scary situation and control it, it allows our children to do the same. Importantly, our acceptance also allows them to move forward rather than remain paralyzed by stress and anxiety. Hello Kristina. I know you have teenage daughters around the same age, so I hope you have some insight into how to help your kids cope with stress. My youngest daughter I have always been self-confident, sociable and purposeful. But since her sophomore year of high school, she hasn't been herself. She is with us...
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Texture
The nature of the surface treatment: its roughness, smoothness, rustication, etc.
fold
Type of seam when connecting sheets of metal roofing. The most hermetic and moisture-proof is a double standing seam. This is a longitudinal connection protruding above the roof plane between two adjacent roofing panels, the edges of which have a double bend.
Seam roofing
The roof is made of sheet and rolled galvanized steel, as well as polymer-coated steel, in which the connection of individual coating elements is made using folds.
Raised floor
prefabricated floors of industrial buildings with ventilated underground. Electrical and other communications are laid in the false field.
Plywood
A laminated wood material glued together from an odd (three or more) number of sheets of rotary-cut veneer. The veneer fibers of adjacent plywood layers are oriented mutually perpendicular. It is divided into plywood for general and special purposes.
Porcelain
Products of fine ceramics are white in color with a firing temperature of 1250–1450 degrees. C. They have low water absorption (up to 1%) and a fairly high hardness (6.57–7.5 on the Mohs scale). They are divided into products made of hard and soft porcelain, which is determined by the firing temperature. There are technical varieties of porcelain that have a number of specific qualities.
Facade
Front side of the building. There are facades: main, side, rear, street, yard, garden.
Ventilated facade
Currently, the design of ventilated facades using panels and additional insulation is becoming increasingly widespread. This ventilated façade combines quick installation, high quality thermal protection, durability, and attractive appearance.
Half-timbered
A frame system consisting of interconnected posts, beams and braces. The half-timbered structure plays not only a constructive, but also a decorative role, visually dividing the façade.
Faience
Fine ceramic products coated with transparent or dull glaze. Water absorption is 9–12%. Unlike porcelain, they contain more clay, as well as chalk or limestone. Used for the manufacture of tiles and sanitary products.
Phenol
Carbolic acid. C6H5OH. Raw materials for the production of polymers, dyes, drugs, surfactants. Colorless crystals that turn pink in air.
Rafter truss
A lattice load-bearing structure used to span large spans.
Fiber
A material in the form of fibers or narrow strips used for dispersed reinforcement of concrete structures. This increases the resistance to stretching, abrasion, shock loads. Fiber can be steel, glass, basalt, polymer.
Fiber concrete
A structural material made from fine-grained concrete reinforced with finely dispersed synthetic or glass fiber, as well as metal mesh fiber.
Fibrolite
A slab material usually made from special wood shavings (wood wool) and an inorganic binder. Wood wool is obtained in the form of thin and narrow shavings up to 30 cm long on special machines. Portland cement is used as a binder in fiberboard, less often magnesia binder. Thermal insulating fiberboard has an average density of 300-500 kg/m3.
Texture- the nature of the surface treatment: its roughness, smoothness, rustication, etc.
fold- type of seam when connecting sheets of metal roofing. The most hermetic and moisture-proof is a double standing seam. This is a longitudinal connection protruding above the roof plane between two adjacent roofing panels, the edges of which have a double bend.
Seam roofing- roofing made of sheet and rolled galvanized steel, as well as steel with a polymer coating, in which the connection of individual coating elements is made using folds.
Raised floor- prefabricated floors of industrial buildings with ventilated underground. Electrical and other communications are laid in the false field.
Plywood- layered wood material glued together from an odd (three or more) number of sheets of peeled veneer. The veneer fibers of adjacent plywood layers are oriented mutually perpendicular. It is divided into plywood for general and special purposes.
Porcelain- products of fine white ceramics with a firing temperature of 1250-1450 degrees. C. They have low water absorption (up to 1%) and fairly high hardness (6.57-7.5 on the Mohs scale). They are divided into products made of hard and soft porcelain, which is determined by the firing temperature. There are technical varieties of porcelain that have a number of specific qualities.
Facade- front side of the building. There are facades: main, side, rear, street, yard, garden.
Ventilated facade- ventilated facade - currently, the design of ventilated facades using panels and additional insulation is becoming increasingly widespread. This ventilated façade combines quick installation, high quality thermal protection, durability, and attractive appearance.
Half-timbered- a frame system consisting of interconnected racks, beams and braces. The half-timbered structure plays not only a constructive, but also a decorative role, visually dividing the façade.
Faience- fine ceramic products coated with transparent or dull glaze. Water absorption is 9-12%. Unlike porcelain, they contain more clay, as well as chalk or limestone. Used for the manufacture of tiles and sanitary products.
Phenol- carbolic acid. C6H5OH. Raw materials for the production of polymers, dyes, drugs, surfactants. Colorless crystals that turn pink in air.
Rafter truss- a lattice supporting structure used to cover large spans.
Fiber- material in the form of fibers or narrow strips used for dispersed reinforcement of concrete structures. This increases the resistance to stretching, abrasion, shock loads. Fiber can be steel, glass, basalt, polymer.
Fiber concrete- a structural material made from fine-grained concrete reinforced with finely dispersed synthetic or glass fiber, as well as metal mesh fiber.
Fibrolite- a slab material usually made from special wood shavings (wood wool) and an inorganic binder. Wood wool is obtained in the form of thin and narrow shavings up to 30 cm long on special machines. Portland cement is used as a binder in fiberboard, less often magnesia binder. Thermal insulating fiberboard has an average density of 300-500 kg/m3.
Acoustic fiberboard- a material made from wood wool or synthetic fiber and a mineral binder (Portland cement or gypsum). The sound absorption coefficient of acoustic fiberboard is at least 0.4.
Magnesia fiberboard- fiberboard produced without special mineralization, since caustic magnesite is mixed with aqueous solutions of magnesium salts, which bind water-soluble substances contained in wood.
Panel- sections of the wall highlighted with thin profiled frames. Also, a panel is a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic that covers the gap in the frame of the door leaf.
Fitting- connecting parts of plumbing equipment.
Outbuilding- a side (or free-standing) extension to the main building.
Vane- a device mounted at the highest point of the structure to determine the direction of the wind.
Flux- when soldering: non-melting non-metallic substances that serve to clean the surface of the solder and the soldering site, as well as improve the wettability of the soldering site with molten solder.
Building lantern- a convex (various shape) part of the structure’s covering, having openings for lighting and ventilation.
Phosphogypsum- a by-product of industrial production, mainly containing gypsum dihydrate. Phosphogypsum is a valuable raw material for the production of construction gypsum.
Transom- the upper glazed part of the window frame. Sometimes a transom is installed above the door leaves.
Fresco- painting with water paints on freshly applied, damp plaster.
Frieze- the middle part of the entablature; Decorative strip located along the top of the wall; A decorative bordering strip along the perimeter of the floor surface, in particular parquet.
Gable- the completion of a building façade, portico, colonnade, usually triangular in shape, bounded on the sides by roof slopes and below by a cornice.
Foundation- predominantly the underground part of the structure, serving as its support and transferring the load to the base.
Accessories- auxiliary materials in any production.
Abacus
The flat square plate at the top of the capital separating the column from the entablature
Abrasive tool
A tool that is made from abrasive materials and binders. Used for grinding, lapping and other similar mechanical processing. The abrasive tool is available in the form grinding wheels, bars, tapes, etc.
Abrasives
Small, hard, sharp particles used in free or bound form for machining (grinding, polishing) of various materials. Substances that have high hardness (diamond, corundum, emery, silicon carbide, etc.) are used as abrasive materials.
Control by the authors over the compliance of the object being created or under construction with the design decisions made during the design and recorded in the documentation. Architectural supervision is carried out throughout the entire period of construction and commissioning of the facility.
Unit
A mixture of inert materials, such as gravel and sand, used in the manufacture of plaster and concrete.
Adhesion
From lat. adhaesio - adhesion
Cohesion of dissimilar liquid or solid bodies at the points of contact of their surfaces. Adhesion occurs as a result of the action of intermolecular forces or chemical interaction forces.
The adhesion of surfaces can be increased by introducing a layer of a binder - adhesive - between them. Many substances are adhesives (substrates). Even water, wetting the surfaces, improves contact between them. However, water is not used as an adhesive: in its liquid state it evaporates quickly and has low shear strength.
Adobe
Coming from Spanish the name for sun-baked mud brick and a method of building with such bricks common in ancient cultures, especially in arid regions. houses of the Pueblo Indians in the southwestern United States and Mexico were built from such bricks
Acanthus
Common in Greece, prickly deciduous plant, the stylized leaves of which decorate the capital of the Corinthian order and are often found in medieval decor
Acroterium
Decoration in the form of a statue or decorative figure in the center or corners of the pediment
Axis
The center line defining the curvature of the arch
Alabaster
Burnt and ground gypsum, used with various admixtures (alum, glue, paraffin, stearin, wax, etc.), for the manufacture of ornaments, figures, and the like. Alabaster is used to prepare a quick-setting mortar. In construction, alabaster is used in the form of a finely ground powder.
Outpatient clinic
Internal gallery, continuation of the nave of the temple around the apse
Amphiprostyle
Temple with columns and porticoes on the front and rear facades
Entablature
The upper part of the architectural order; beam consisting of an architrave, frieze and cornice
Antique
Antique or rare item artistic work. Relates primarily to artistic objects Greco-Roman era: ceramics, vases, sculpture, etc.
Apse (apse)
The projection of the building is usually semicircular in plan, covered with a semi-dome or semi-vault. In Christian architecture - an altar ledge oriented to the east.
Arabesque
Complex subtle ornament based on a combination of geometric, floral and classical motifs
Arcade
A series of arches supported on columns or pylons, either free-standing or attached to a structure
Flying buttress
French: support arch
An open semi-arch that transfers the spread of the vaults to the buttress
Architectural divisions
General designation of columns, pilasters, cornices, profiles, arches, arcades, balusters, risalits, etc., accepted in architectural structures, which can be found in old furniture products
Architrave
1) Beam supported directly on columns or pylons
2) In classical architecture, the lower of the three parts of the entablature
Atticus
A wall erected above the cornice crowning the architectural structure. Often decorated with reliefs or inscriptions. Usually completes a triumphal arch
Atrium
1) The central hall (or courtyard), the main place of hanging out in a Roman house
2) Courtyard in front of an early Christian or medieval church
