After English, the conjugation of verbs will seem to you a rather complicated topic, because verbs change not only in tenses, but also in numbers and persons. However, if we recall the most complex metamorphoses that occur with verbs in Russian, the conjugation of verbs in German will begin to be perceived as quite simple and logical. First you need to learn how to isolate the stem of the verb. It is to it that various endings will join. Let's look at the German verbs in their initial form: heißen - to call, leben - to love, spielen - to play. As you can see, they all end in -en. Thus, we are left with the basics: heiß-, leb-, spiel-
Conjugation of German verbs by persons
First of all, let's define what the first, second and third person are. Everything is quite simple: the first person is the one who speaks or does (I, we - ich, wir), the second person is our interlocutor, the one we are addressing (you, you - du, ihr), and the third person - these are those we are talking about (he, she, it, they - er, sie, es, sie). For example: "I am a game Yu"- the verb is in the form of the first person," you are a game eat"- the second person," she is a game no"- a third party. Plural: "we are the game eat"," you are the game ee', they're game ut". Let's try to conjugate the faces of the German verb sitzen - to sit and the verb wohnen - to live. The results are summarized in a table. As you can see, there are much fewer ending options than in Russian.
Verb conjugation in German: nuances
So in the first person singular you need to add the ending -e to the stem of the verb. In the second person singular, the verb takes on the consonantal ending -st (or -t for words that end in -z or -s). These two endings need to be remembered first of all, because the pronouns "I" and "you" are used more often than others. All other endings can be divided into pairs: he / she / it and you - so you need to use the ending -t, we or they / you - the ending -en. Please note that in the first case, “you” (ihr) is an appeal to a group of people, and not at all a polite appeal to one person, as is customary with us. In order to refer to one person as “you”, you need to use the pronoun Sie, the verbs in this case will end in -en.
Are endings always the same?
Of course, it is not always possible to “glue” endings to the stem of the word, sometimes it simply does not sound. For example, how to say "it works"? If we add the necessary ending to the stem of the verb arbeiten, we get arbeitt - dissonant. Therefore, an additional vowel appears here - arbeitet. This rule applies to all verbs whose stem ends in -d or -t. For example: achten - sie achtet (she respects), fürchten - sie fürchtet (she is afraid). The same goes for words with stems ending in -n, especially if the -n is preceded by a consonant. For example, segnen - sie segnet (she blesses), rechnen - sie rechnet (she counts), begegnen - sie begegnet (she meets).
Conjugation of strong verbs
But one should not think that everything is limited to the aforementioned endings. Only weak verbs are declined like this. There is a group of verbs that require especially close attention. They are called strong. The conjugation of verbs from this group is accompanied not only by a change in the ending, but also in the root vowel. This applies only to the second and third person. If the root contains the vowels "a", or "au", then "a" will get an umlaut. For example, fahren - to go, he is going - er fährst. If a strong verb has the vowel “e” at the root, then it turns into “i” or “ie”. For example, lesen - read, you read - liest. If the stem of a strong verb ends in t, then things get more complicated. The endings shown in the table above are subject to change. How to determine which verbs are strong and which are weak? There are tables of strong verbs - in fact, there are much fewer of them than weak ones, only about two hundred. In the course of ordinary classes, doing exercises in the German language, including on other topics, the conjugation of verbs from a strong group is gradually and imperceptibly learned by the student - the main thing is to practice more.
Exceptions
There are exceptions to any rule. Separately, we should consider the conjugation of verbs, which do not fit into the schemes described above. It is quite difficult to see the logic in changing the forms of these verbs, so they just have to be “memorized”, but the matter is greatly facilitated by the fact that they are extremely widely used. These are verbs: to be - sein, to become - werden, to have - haben.
Verb conjugation in German is in itself easy. However, for this it is necessary to know exactly which group of verbs this or that verb belongs to. Then the conjugation German verbs won't be too difficult.
Weak verbs are one of the categories of verbs in German and they are called Schwache Verben. You can recognize such verbs in the presence of certain suffixes in some tenses.
So, thanks to what features weak verbs stand out. This is the presence of suffixes –te in the past time Prateritum And -t in the past time Partizip II. At the same time, the vowel in the root of weak verbs does not change when conjugated at times.
Moreover, all weak verbs in German are divided into several groups.
1. Weak regular verbs
2. Weak irregular verbs
3. Weak verbs with an inseparable prefix
4. Weak verbs with separable prefix
5. Weak verbs ending in –ieren
For clarity, consider the conjugation of weak verbs by tense Prateritum And Partizip II each of these groups separately.
Weak regular verbs
| arbeiten (to work) | arbeitete | gearbeitet |
| baden (to swim) | badete | gebadet |
| brauchen (need) | brauchte | gebraucht |
| danken (to give thanks) | Dankte | gedankt |
| duschen (to take a shower) | duschte | geduscht |
| feiern (to celebrate) | feierte | gefeiert |
| fragen (ask) | fragment | gefragt |
| frühstücken (have breakfast) | fruhstuckte | gefruhstuckt |
| glauben (believe) | glaubte | geglaubt |
| holen (bring) | Holte | geholt |
| horen (listen) | horte | gehort |
| kaufen (to buy) | kaufte | gekauft |
| kochen (boil, boil) | kochte | gekocht |
| kosten (to cost) | kostete | gekostet |
| lacheln (to smile) | lachelte | gelachelt |
| lachen (laugh) | lachte | gelacht |
| leben (to live) | lebte | gelebt |
| lernen (to study) | lernte | gelernt |
| lieben (to love) | liebte | geliebt |
| malen (paint, draw) | malte | gemalt |
| machen (to do) | machte | gemacht |
| packen (to pack) | packte | gepackt |
| putzen (to clean) | putzte | geputzt |
| rauchen (to smoke) | rauchte | geraucht |
| regnen (to go (about rain)) | Regnete | geregnet |
| reisen (to travel) | reiste | gereist |
| sagen (to speak) | sagte | gesagt |
| schenken (to give) | Schenkte | Geschenkt |
| schmecken (to be tasty) | schmeckte | geschmeckt |
| schneien (to go (about snow)) | schneite | geschneit |
| segeln (to sail) | segelte | gesegelt |
| spielen (to play) | spielte | gespielt |
| suchen (search) | suchte | gesucht |
| tanzen (to dance) | Tanzte | getanzt |
| trocknen (to dry) | trocknet | getrocknet |
| wandern (to go camping) | wanderte | gewandert |
| warten (wait) | wartete | gewartet |
| wohnen (live) | wohnte | gewohnt |
| zelten (to live in a tent) | zeltete | gezeltet |
Weak irregular verbs
| Past tense form of the verb Präteritum | Past tense form of the verb Partizip II | |
|---|---|---|
| bringen (to bring) | brachte | gebrachte |
| denken (to think) | dachte | gedacht |
| kennen (to know) | cannte | gekannt |
| wissen (to know) | wusste | gewusst |
Weak verbs with an inseparable prefix
| Past tense form of the verb Präteritum | Past tense form of the verb Partizip II | |
|---|---|---|
| beeinflussen (to influence) | beeinflusste | beeinflusst |
| bemerken (notice) | bemerkte | bemerkt |
| bestellen (to order) | bestellte | bestellt |
| besuchen (to visit) | besuchte | besucht |
| bezahlen (to pay) | bezahlte | bezahlt |
| erklaren (explain) | erklarte | erklart |
| erzählen (to tell) | erzahlte | erzahlt |
| überraschen (surprise) | uberraschte | überrascht |
| verdienen (earn) | verdiente | verdient |
| verkaufen (sell) | verkaufte | verkauft |
| versuchen (to try) | versuchte | versucht |
Weak verbs with separable prefix
| Past tense form of the verb Präteritum | Past tense form of the verb Partizip II | |
|---|---|---|
| abholen (to take away) | holte ab | abgeholt |
| aufhoren (to stop) | horte auf | aufgehort |
| aufmachen (to open) | machte auf | aufgemacht |
| durcharbeiten (to work through) | arbeitete durch | durchgearbeitet |
| einkaufen (purchase) | kaufte ein | eingekauft |
| kennenlernen (get acquainted) | lernte kennen | kennengelernt |
| mitbringen (bring with you) | brachte mit | mitgebracht |
| zurückzahlen (give money back) | zahlte zuruck | zuruckgezahlt |
Weak verbs ending in –ieren
| Past tense form of the verb Präteritum | Past tense form of the verb Partizip II | |
|---|---|---|
| demonstrieren (demonstrate) | demonstrierte | demonstriert |
| dekorieren (to decorate) | dekorierte | decoration |
| diskutieren (discuss) | diskutierte | diskutiert |
| probieren (to try) | probierte | probiert |
| studieren (to study at the university) | studious | student |
German verbs, like Russian ones, consist of a stem and an ending -en or -n.
Let's analyze the verb conjugation using a simple example:
lern en
The verb lernen (translation: teach, study) consists of a stem (red) and an ending (blue)
Verb endings, in turn, change depending on the person, number and tense in which the verb is used.
In German, as in Russian, there is
singular: I, you, he, she, it, you (polite form), woman, cat, boy
and plural: we, you, they, you (polite form), people, cities, books
There are also times. There are only six of them in German, but only five are used.
Let's start with the conjugation of the verb lernen in present time Prasens
Weak verb conjugation in Präsens
They also say in German: I teach, you teach, she teaches, we teach, and so on.
You can see that the forms for er, sie, es and ihr are the same and have the ending -t, also the verb form for wir, sie, Sie is similar to the initial form of the verb, that is, the Infinitiv of the verb and has the ending -en.
Features of conjugation of verbs in the present tense
If the stem of the verb (weak or strong, not changing the root vowel) ends in -d, t or the combination of consonants chn, ffn, dm, gn, tm (e.g. antworten, bilden, zeichnen), then between the stem of the verb and the personal ending is inserted vowel e.
If the stem of a verb (weak or strong) ends in -s, -ss, -ß, -z, -tz (e.g. grüßen, heißen, lesen, sitzen), then in the 2nd person singular s in the ending drops out, and the verbs get the ending -t.
Please note that the polite form of the verb (pronoun you) in German is the same as the 3rd person plural.
You see that strong verbs also have valid conjugation in the present tense.
The conjugations of such verbs can be carefully studied on a table specially developed by the Start Deutsch team
In addition to weak verbs, German has strong verbs:
a) Strong verbs in the 2nd and 3rd person singular change the root vowel:
a, au, o get an umlaut (e.g. fahren, laufen, halten)
the vowel e becomes i or ie (geben, lesen)
b) For strong verbs with a changeable root vowel, the stem of which ends in -t, in the 2nd and 3rd person singular the connecting vowel e is not added, in the 3rd person the ending is also not added (for example, halten - du hältst, er hält), and in the second person plural (where the root vowel does not change) they, like weak verbs, receive a connecting -e- (ihr haltet).
Also in German there are verbs, the conjugation of which must be learned by heart. These include:
Auxiliary verbs
sein (to be)
haben (to have)
werden (become)
morphologically, they belong to irregular verbs, which, when conjugated in the presence, show a deviation from the general rule.
Look up and learn the present tense conjugation of the auxiliary verbs Präsens. When learning German, these verbs must be known , because they are used not only in the present tense, but also with their help the past tense, the future tense and the passive, important in German, are formed.
AND modal verbs also need to learn by heart!
Note that modal verbs in 1st and 3rd person singular do not receive the ending -e and some of them lose their umlaut in conjugation.
If this topic is not yet clear to you, then you can watch a video on the conjugation of German verbs in the present tense.
Now let's move on to the conjugation of verbs in the simple past tense Präteritum.
To build a sentence in the simple past tense Prateritum you need to know the formation of the three forms of the verb and choose the 2-form Prateritum
1 form - infinitiv(initial form of the verb)
2 form - Prateritum(used to form the past simple Präteritum)
3 form - Patrizip 2(it is used to form the compound past perfect tense)
Let's take the same verb lernen. As you already know, the verb lernen is a weak verb. In order for you to better understand this you, we will also conjugate the strong verb fahren. First you need to choose the form of the verb we need (highlighted in bold). Then look at the table, and substitute the desired endings.
lernen- lernte - gelernt
fahren-fuhr-gefahren
That is, in the place in the table where there is a dash - the form Präteritum is used (lernte, fuhr, etc.)
You just need to remember the endings in this form and also correctly determine the 2nd form of the verb. And that's it! Pretty simple, right?
By the same principle hide auxiliary verbs in Prateritum:
Attention! Modal verbs are used in the past tense only in the Präteritum tense, even if you speak in Perfect!
Therefore, modal verbs in the form Präteritum you need to learn by heart!
It's not as difficult as it seems at first glance :)
Good luck learning German!
Svetlana Kizhikova,
Verbs (verbs) in German change in person, number and tense. Changing verbs according to persons is called their conjugation. Verb. can be conjugated in all tenses, but in this article we will consider in detail the conjugation of German verbs in the present tense and briefly talk about the formation of personal forms in the past and future tenses.
Almost all the verbs that we find in the dictionary (the infinitive, or the initial form (f-ma)) end in -en: machen, leben, spielen, wohnen, heißen… Accordingly, the part of the word without an ending is the basis of the verb. , to which personal endings are attached.
Now let's figure out what a face is and how it is expressed. A person is a grammatical category that expresses the relation or non-relationship of an action, event or state to the participants in a speech situation. Verb. the first person expresses the relation of the action to the speaker (or speakers), the second - to his interlocutor (or interlocutors), the third person refers to objects or subjects that are not participating in the conversation (speech situation). Those. the first person corresponds to the pronouns I (ich) and we (wir), the second - you (du) and you (ihr), the third - he (er), she (sie), it (es) and they (sie). Each of these f-m (in this case, pronouns) corresponds to a special verbal f-ma.
Singular (singular) | plural (plural) |
||||
1. Person (face) | leb-e | leb-en | |||
spiel-e | spil-en |
||||
wohn-e | wohn-en |
||||
2. Person (face) | leb-st | leb-t | |||
spiel-st | spiel-t |
||||
wohn-st | wohn-t |
||||
3. Person (face) | leb-t | leb-en | |||
spiel-t | spiel-en |
||||
wohn-t | wohn-en |
||||
ATTENTION! In German, as a form of polite address to one person, the pronoun of the third person singular is used - Sie.
If the stem of the infinitive ends in -d or –t, then when forming a third person f-we singular. between the stem of the verb. and the ending t appears as an intermediate vowel e. For example: schneiden, baden, arbeiten, bieten - er, sie, es, man schneid-e-t, bad-e-t, arbeit-e-t, biet-e-t.
Also, an intermediate vowel can appear after a stem ending in -n (in some words, especially if n is preceded by a consonant): segnen (bless) - er segnet, begegnen (meet) - er begegnet.
Pay special attention to the conjugation of German verbs. you need to pay attention to those whose stem ends in consonants -s, -ß, -x or –z: heißen, küssen, kratzen, wachsen (grow), etc. In them, we have second and third person singulars. match up:
heisse | heissen |
||
kusse | kussen |
||
kratze | kratzen |
||
wachse | wachsen |
||
mixen | mixen |
||
heist | heist |
||
kusst | kusst |
||
kratzt | kratzt |
||
wachst | wachst |
||
mixt | mixt |
||
heist | heissen |
||
kusst | kussen |
||
kratzt | kratzen |
||
wachst | wachsen |
||
mixt | mixen |
Irregular verbs are of particular difficulty, since in the formation personal f-m second and third person singular in the root there is an alternation of vowels: sehen - du siehst, er sieht; wachsen - du wächst, er wächst; wissen-du weißt, er weißt. These verbs. you can find in a special table, and on our website, of course, too.
We must not forget that when conjugating the verb. with detachable prefixes, the prefix stands after the personal f-we v. (the verb itself is conjugated as usual). Aufmachen, einkaufen:
er, sie, es, man | |||
Consider now the conjugation of auxiliary verbs. haben, sein, werden, since their personal f-we are used for f-m education future and past tense. In addition, they can be used as full-valued verbs.
sein |
|
er, sie, es, man ist | |
haben |
|
er, sie, es, man hat | |
werden |
|
er, sie, es, man wird | |
Conjugation of German verbs. in the past time
1. I. Pra teritum, or imperfect. In this past tense, the same personal verb endings are used as in the present tense, only they are attached to the stem of the imperfect (you can also read how this stem is formed on our website):
| ich machte | Wir machten |
| du machtest | ihr machtet |
| er, sie, es, machte | sie/Sie machten |
2. II. Perfect. To form the perfect, the above personal functions of the verb haben + past participle (Partizip II) are used:
Ich habe gemacht.
Du hast gespielt.
Wie haben eingekauft.
Conjugation of German verbs. in future tense
1. I. Futurum I.
For education f-m future tenses, personal functions of the verb werden + infinitive are used:
Ich werde Jura studieren.
Du wirst den film sehen.
Ihr werdet das Zimmer aufraumen.
2. II. Futurum II. To form this tense, the personal functions of the verb werden are also used, but with the so-called. perfect infinitive:
Ich werde Jura studiert haben.
Duwirst den Film gesehen haben.
Ihr werdet das Zimmer aufgeräumt haben.
German for beginners with a native speaker... Introductory wordElena Shipilova
German language 1
Beginner 1
With native speaker 1
German for beginners with native speaker 2
Lesson 1. Verb conjugation. The verb sein. Numerals 3
Pronouns in German 3
Verbs in German 3
Conjugation of the verb wohnen 4
Conjugation of the verb denken 4
Conjugation of the verb heißen 4
Exercise 1. Verbs in German 5
Read and listen to a short text. 5
Exercise 2. Conjugation of verbs in German. 5
Put the verbs in desired shape. 5
Nouns in German 6
Numerals in German 6
Conjugation of the verb sein 7
Exercise 3. The verb sein. 7
Summing up pleasant results 8
Additional materials on topic 8
Lesson 1. Verb conjugation. The verb sein. Numerals
Before starting, it is MANDATORY download the audio version of the lesson in mp3 with additional explanations.In this lesson, we learn how to build the simplest sentences.
To do this, we will get acquainted with such concepts as a pronoun (I, you, he, she, etc.), verb(ask, speak, go, live, think, etc.), numerals (1, 2, 5, 20, 199, etc.).
Pronouns in German
The German language has the following pronouns:| Pronouns |
|
| ich | I |
| du | You |
| er | He It |
| wir | We |
| ihr | You ( plural, for example, hey you, two from the chest, identical from the face) |
| Sie | They ( there are many of them, for example, employees in the office for the boss are they); You ( polite address, e.g. to a boss or to a stranger) |
Verbs in German
The iron rule of the German language: All verbs in German Always have basis plus ending -en or simply –nwohnen(live) denken(think)
heiß
en(call, name)
lernen(learn)
studenten(study)
verdienen(earn)
arbeiten(work)
kommen(come, come)
sprechen(speak)
speichern(keep, save)
Conjugation of the verb wohnen
In order to correctly put the verb in the desired form, for example, the verb "live" - wohnen, and say “he lives”, and not “he lives”, you need to remove this ending - en and, depending on the pronoun, add the following endings to the stem of the verb:ich wohn+e- I'm alive at
du wohn+st- you are alive eat
er,
sie,
es wohn+t he, she, it is alive no
wir wohn+en- we are alive eat
ihr wohn+t- you are alive ee
sie,
Sie wohn+en- they are alive ut, you are alive ee
| Wohnen |
|
| ich | wohn+ e |
| du | wohn+ st |
| er, sie, es | wohn+ t |
| wir | wohn+ en |
| ihr | wohn+ t |
| sie, sie | wohn+ en |
Conjugation of the verb deken
Often used in life the verb "think" - denken:ich denk+e- I think Yu
du denk+st- you think eat
er,
sie,
es denk+t- he, she, it thought no
wir denk+en- we think eat
ihr denk+t- you think ee
sie,
Sie denk+en- they think ut, you thought ee
Conjugation of the verb heißen
Verb heiß en- to name, to be called (letter ß read as "ss"). Without it, you can not introduce yourself or ask what this or that object is called. Changes a little against the rules, but on this stage You just need to remember it.ich heiß
e – me call ut
du heiß
t – you call ut
er,
sie,
es heiß
t – his her call ut; This calling ut
wir heiß
en – us call ut
ihr heiß
t – you call ut
sie,
Sie heiß
en – their call ut, You call ut
Exercise 1. Verbs in German
Read and listen to a short text.
Your task is to hear familiar words. German speech should not shock you if you hear it for the first time. The more words you know, the more you will understand. Therefore, learn the words! :) Verbs will be highlighted in bold so that you remember as best as possible:
Ich heisse Melanie. Ich bin Deutsche, aber ich wohne in Prague. Ich habe einen Bruder. Er heist Martin und er ist vierundzwanzig Jahre alt. Er arbeitet in Prague an der Uni. Wir haben auch eine Schwester, Annette. Sie student an der Uni in München. Meine Mutter kommt nächste Woche, um mich zu besuchen. Sie bleibt Drei Wochen lang.
Frau Müller kommt aus Düsseldorf. Sie wohnt seit 3 Monaten in Koln. Ihr Vorname ist Lea. Ihre Geschwister heissen Paul, Martin and Eva. Lea ist Verheiratet. Heute Abend macht sie eine Party. Sie wunscht sich viele Geschenke. Zur Party comment Viele Freunde. Peter kommt aus Hamm. Er spielt gern Fussball. Seine Freundin wohnt in Nurnberg. Sie heist Petra. Peter and Petra lernen Spanisch. Im august fahren sie nach Barcelona. Fur die Reise brauchen sie viel Geld. Heute gehen sie in die Stadt. Petra kauft Viele Sachen. Sie fahren mit dem Taxi nach Hause.
Exercise 2. Conjugation verbs V German language.
Put the verbs in the correct form.
Verb conjugation in German. Put the verbs in the correct form (add the correct ending):Tip 1: new generated! Try it ;-)
Tip 2: use key TAB
Nouns in German
You may have noticed that some words in the text are capitalized. These are not only names and names of cities. In German, you need to remember:We will talk about nouns and articles in more detail in Lesson 7.
Numerals in German
Let's add to our content quantitative numerals that are most often used in life, with which we can talk about age.| 0 to 9 | 10 to 19 | 20 to 29 | Dozens |
| 0 - null 1-eins 2-zwei 3-drei 4 - vier 5 - funf 6-sechs 7-sieben 8-aht 9-neun | 10-zehn 11-elf 12-zwolf 13-drei Zehn (3,10 ) 14 - vier Zehn (4,10 ) 15 – funf Zehn (5,10 ) 16-sec Zehn 17-sieb Zehn 18-aht Zehn 19-neun Zehn | 20-zwanzig 21-ein undzwanzig (1 And 20 ) 22-zwei undzwanzig (2 And 20 ) 23-drei undzwanzig (3 And 20 ) 24 - vier undzwanzig 25-funf undzwanzig 26-sechs undzwanzig 27-sieben undzwanzig 28-aht undzwanzig 29-neun undzwanzig | 10-zehn 20-zwan zig 30-drei ßig 40-vier zig 50-funf zig 60-sec zig 70-sieb zig 80-aht zig 90-neun zig 100-hundert |
To better remember the numerals (but do not try to do it the first time, you already need to learn a lot today), let's remember math, go shopping and visit the station.
Wie viel ist?
3+20=23
67-54=13
99+1=100
77-67=10
59-45=14
Was costet das?
Das kostet: 9.99 (euro), 45.49 (euro), 16.80 (euro), 44.39 (euro), 99.99 (euro), 55.90 (euro).
Bahnhof(railway station)
Der Zug kommt um 13.57 Uhr an. (The train arrives at 13.57) Der Zug fährt um 23. 57 Uhr ab. (The train leaves at 23.57)
Conjugation of the verb sein
To the numerals, we add another very important verb in the German language sein- "be". An analogue of the English "to be". In Russian, a dash is often replaced or simply omitted.Foreigners say:
I There is man. He There is in the park. She There is Houses. We There is in Kyiv. They There is satisfied. I There is is ill. She There is healthy.
We are speaking:
I am a man. He (There is) in the park. She (There is) Houses. We (There is) in Kyiv. They (There is) satisfied. I (There is) is ill. She (There is) healthy.
The verb does not change according to the rules, you just need to remember:
| sein |
|
| ich | bin |
| du | best |
| er, sie, es | ist |
| wir | sind |
| ihr | seid |
| sie, sie | sind |
With the help of a verb sein You can talk about age:
Ich bin sechsundzwanzig(26) Jahre alt (literally "I There is 26 years old). - I am 26 years old.
Er ist vierzig(40) Jahre alt. - He's 40 years old.
Du best zwanzig(20) Jahre alt. - You are 20 years old.
Exercise 3. The verb sein.
Put the verb sein in the correct form:
Tip 1: after doing this exercise new generated! Try it ;-)
Tip 2: use key TAB for easier navigation between answer input fields.
Let's sum up nicely
You can already tell what your name is, where you live, where you work, where you come from, whether you earn well, whether you study or work, how old you are.After this lesson, you already know the difference between the words lernen and studieren, if you have carefully listened to the mp3 audio part with the German Katya.
You listened to live German speech and tuned your ears to the German wave. Further it will be easier! :)
