What should be observed during pregnancy. Preservation of pregnancy in the early stages. What not to do when pregnant

It is clear that, having become pregnant, a woman tries to lead healthy lifestyle life, eat a balanced diet, saturate your diet with vitamins and microelements. Each of us knows that pregnant women need positive emotions, attention, fresh air, walking, support and understanding, and so on. But relatives and friends begin to actively bombard the expectant mother with various instructions: don’t do this, don’t eat this. What are the prohibitions during pregnancy?

What can be done during pregnancy?

• Pure water should be the main and main drink for a pregnant woman. You can also use natural juices, fruit drinks, kvass (especially homemade).
• Many pregnant women "break through" on. A little is possible, but it is better to choose non-alcoholic.
• In the last trimester, you can afford a glass of good wine (but not champagne). True, we are all different, and dosages can vary accordingly. There is an opinion that if the expectant mother feels a slight intoxication, the baby is generally unconscious.
• You can cut your hair, it will not cause any harm to the unborn baby, and the mother's hair will not stop growing.
• From medicines harmless only (for the entire period) and paracetamol (3 tablets 3 times a day for no more than 3 days).
• You can sleep on your back (if you're comfortable).
• For expectant mothers, there is no better physical preparation than swimming and water aerobics.
• You can use cosmetics. But the face cream should not contain vitamin A (it is very harmful in large quantities), hydrocortisone (this is a steroid that is dangerous for a child when used daily), benzoyl peroxide. Regarding the gel and body lotion, it is better to choose those designed specifically for pregnant women. They are safe and contain components designed to minimize the likelihood of stretch marks and breast deformities.
• Have sex if the pregnancy is going well. However, it will not be superfluous to specifically ask the doctor about this.

What is not allowed during pregnancy?

• , alcohol and drugs - under the iron taboo! There are no safe doses of these poisons. So stay away from them. Also, avoid passive smoking.
• Caffeine can cause miscarriage or underweight babies at birth. A green tea interferes with the assimilation necessary for the normal development of the baby. Therefore, it is better to refuse them. But if you really want to - then you can sometimes little by little.
• It is not recommended to eat such foods: raw meat, unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses, hematogen, sushi, seafood. Fast food and harmful additives are also not for pregnant women. Try not to eat spicy, salty and fatty foods.
• Carbonated drinks can cause active fermentation processes in the intestines, which provokes uterine contractions.
• Wearing synthetic underwear, especially thongs, is prohibited. Choose natural cotton panties and special maternity bras.
• It is not advised to dye your hair and do a perm. During pregnancy, the hormonal background of a woman changes, skin and hair often suffer from this, and chemical agents can further worsen their condition. But if you still decide to paint, then choose gentle paints.
• Changing cat litter increases the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis. The result can be stunted baby growth, a poorly developing brain, and eye damage to the fetus.
• You can't overheat. Therefore, saunas and baths will have to be abandoned.
• Do not start repairs during this period - paints and toxins will disappear no sooner than in a year.
• Insect sprays are not recommended. Toxins get into your blood, and from there - to the baby.
• The following are strictly contraindicated medical preparations: Aminopterin, Methyltestosterone, Progestins, Quinine, Thalidomide, Trimethadine, Retinoids (isotretinoin, roanccutane, etretinate, tigazon, acitretin).
• You don't need to get any vaccinations.
• It is better to refuse high heels now. First, it is dangerous: the risk of falling increases. Secondly, during this period the center of gravity shifts, the load on the spine increases. And heels enhance it. Therefore, starting from the second half of pregnancy, the risk of all kinds of radiculitis and neuralgia increases, which, of course, is of no use to expectant mothers.
• You can not raise your hands when the baby has already taken the correct position.
• You can not lie on your stomach and sit cross-legged.
• They say that you can not show a newborn to anyone until he is 40 days old. They can jinx it. In fact, doctors do not recommend bringing strangers into the house to the baby for about a month. Your house has its own atmosphere and microflora, the incoming guests have their own. The child should develop immunity to his environment, so you should not gather crowds of people. But on the street, when the baby is sleeping - please show it to anyone you want.

Neither yes nor no

• A visit to the solarium is not recommended. But many do not agree with this. If you cover your tummy with a towel and follow the basic rules, there is nothing to fear.
• If you are a soy lover, you should not deny yourself the consumption of this product. But if you haven’t tried these beans before, it’s better not to risk it. Yes, and you need to choose natural soy. Although there is no evidence that genetically modified foods adversely affect our health.
• Antiperspirant deodorants that contain aluminum salts are best avoided. But you can use perfumed alcohol deodorant.
• It is better to refrain from any trips. Vibration-causing transport is a clockwork mechanism for hyperexcitability of the uterus and can provoke a miscarriage or. But if a woman feels great, then you can go on vacation. But it’s better not during the period when the risk of miscarriage increases: 11-12, 26-27 and 31-32 weeks.
• You can sit at the computer, but only for a short time. Abuse is dangerous from the earliest dates - this increases the risk of non-developing (frozen) pregnancy.
• Physical exercise is good, but that includes walking and special exercises for pregnant women. Lifting a barbell, climbing mountains, running marathons and scuba diving should not be done.
• Doctors do not recommend abusing food allergens (chocolate, citrus fruits). And in general, you need to be careful with such products, that is, if possible, exclude them. But opponents of the bans argue that you can eat whatever you want. After all, the body itself feels that it can. In addition, during breastfeeding, you will have to give up a lot, and so you want to eat for the future!
• It is advisable not to take any medications. But if there is such a need, consult a doctor and study this issue further.
• If you do not drink pills, preferring to be treated with herbs, you need to carefully read the composition of the treatment fees. Harmful for pregnant women: aloe, barberry, oregano, ergot, tansy, sowing - these herbs can cause an increase in uterine tone. Wild strawberries and string - can cause a child's predisposition to allergies. Seaweed, spinach, sorrel - with excessive consumption, they can cause fetal developmental disorders. St. John's wort - increases blood pressure in a pregnant woman. Calamus marsh, blue cornflower, elecampane, juniper, celery - can disrupt the functioning of the kidneys. In addition, plants are poisonous: belladonna (Belladonna), yellow capsule, glossy spurge, male fern, evading peony, common lilac, field horsetail, bird cherry. These plants are sometimes used for treatment in small doses, but this should not be done during pregnancy.
• The same goes for aromatherapy. If you do not have allergies, you can safely use oils. Among the safe ones are petitgrain, rose, sandalwood and tea tree, neroli, eucalyptus, ylang-ylang, lavender, lemon, orange, calendula, wheat germ, jojoba. On the advice of a specialist, you can use the oil of bergamot, chamomile, peppermint, frankincense. Categorically it is impossible during pregnancy, oils of laurel, basil, nutmeg, hyssop, juniper, marjoram, myrrh, thyme, sage, cloves, oregano, patchouli (in recent weeks), cedar, cypress, Chinese magnolia vine, rosemary, yarrow, fennel. They can have a toxic effect on the child and even provoke a miscarriage of tansy oil, burdock, wormwood, oregano, and pennyroyal.
• They say that ultrasound can be done no more than 3 times during pregnancy. Doctors themselves disagree on the answer to this question. Some say that modern devices Ultrasound is almost completely safe for the baby, and you can be examined as many times as you like. Others - that no matter how it may be, but irradiation is irradiation. Do not refuse an ultrasound if it is really necessary to do it. But to go specifically in order to find out the sex of the child, perhaps, is not worth it.

Especially for- Elena Kichak

Almost every woman in such an important and exciting period of her life as bearing a child is faced with a lot of prohibitions and advice. So what is still impossible, and what can be done during pregnancy? How to eat and behave during this time? And what is the first thing you need to know? We'll figure out.

What is impossible during pregnancy?

First of all, prohibitions. They are, but, fortunately, not in such a in large numbers. So, what absolutely can not be done during pregnancy?

Bad habits

Smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs during pregnancy is the strictest taboo. All toxic substances contained in cigarettes, alcohol, etc., directly affect the development and life of the unborn child. It is clear that they influence far from the best way.

Ideally, it is necessary to stop smoking and drinking alcohol, not to mention drugs, at least a few months before conception. And both future parents.

It is important to know that the influence of bad habits is highly undesirable in the first three months of pregnancy. But in the future, their impact is no less detrimental.

Smoking

Equally dangerous is both active (most pregnant) and passive smoking. Nicotine, poisonous tar and other chemicals contained in tobacco smoke, can cause various deviations and malformations in the development of the fetus. Also, smoking causes oxygen starvation of the unborn child.

Children born to pregnant women who smoke are often underweight, may be premature, and do not adapt well to the environment after birth.

Alcohol

ABOUT harmful influence ethanol contained in alcohol, as well as the products of its decay in the human body, are probably known to everyone. Exposure to these substances can lead to abortion, fetal growth retardation, and various malformations.

You can often find the statement that 100-200 g of red wine or beer is "useful" for a pregnant woman. This is an erroneous opinion. No one will undertake to assert what toxic dose of ethanol can be fatal for an unborn child.

drugs

The use of narcotic drugs, regardless of the type and route of their receipt, is unequivocally detrimental to the development and health of the unborn child.

Medicines and medical procedures

All medical preparations should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor or after his consultation. You need to know that there are no absolutely safe drugs. And many of them have contraindications for prescribing during pregnancy.

Various diagnostic and other medical procedures (even ultrasound) should also be prescribed and carried out only according to indications and under the supervision of the attending physician.

Physical stress and fatigue

Learning about your interesting position, expectant mother heavy lifting must be completely abandoned. Sports, especially its power types, must also be stopped.

A pregnant woman should not sharply bend over, jump, run, especially over long distances. It is necessary to avoid any physical impact in the abdomen, as well as the lower back.

Pregnancy is not a time for physical and emotional overstrain.

We have already mentioned physical activity. As for emotional overload, it is also highly desirable to avoid them during this period.

Sun, solarium, bath and sauna

Prohibited during pregnancy long time be in the open sun, as well as visit the solarium. Exposure to direct ultraviolet rays can adversely affect pregnancy and lead to its termination.

Impact high temperature may lead to premature termination of pregnancy. Therefore, a pregnant woman should not visit baths and saunas, and the water temperature during hygiene procedures should not exceed 36-37 degrees.

Household chemicals

The expectant mother needs to minimize the use of cosmetics and other products that contain chemical substances. Extreme care should be used when cleaning, washing, washing dishes, etc.

The above are the main prohibitions that are most often found in Everyday life future mother.

However, in some cases, the doctor may limit sex, long trips, flights, etc. All these nuances must be additionally discussed during visits to him.

It should also be noted that the influence of all negative factors is highly undesirable in the first trimester of pregnancy. Indeed, during this time, the formation of all organs and systems of the unborn child takes place. And the harmful effects of one or another factor can be fatal for him.

Lifestyle

Considering all those changes in a woman's body during pregnancy, she needs to reconsider and correct her usual way of life.

Clothing and footwear

Clothes and shoes for a pregnant woman must be comfortable and not restrict her movement. It is highly advisable to wear a bra and underwear made from natural fabrics.

The shoes of the expectant mother should be low-heeled. This nuance will allow not to strain the spine, which already carries an additional load. It will also protect against possible injuries and falls, which can be caused by high heels and a shifted center of gravity of the body.

Dream

At night, a pregnant woman should sleep for at least eight hours. Quite often, expectant mothers experience drowsiness during the daytime. If you have the opportunity to relax - do not deny yourself this.

A place to sleep should be as comfortable as possible so as not to create excessive stress on the spine.

Housework

Pregnancy usually does not relieve a woman of worries about cooking, cleaning, washing, ironing, etc. However, we must try so that these household chores do not cause discomfort and do not cause overwork.

Doing household chores, you need to rest more often. And also make the process of work as easy as possible for yourself: cut vegetables while sitting, not standing, do not wash by hand, etc.

And do not be shy to ask your husband or someone from the environment for help.

Job

Under current law, a pregnant woman is released from work upon reaching the term of 30 weeks.

However, by law, the expectant mother must not work at night and overtime, do not lift heavy objects, avoid exposure to vibration, excessive noise, potentially hazardous substances(poisons, chemicals), etc.

The employer is obliged to exclude all these harmful factors in the labor process from the moment the fact of pregnancy is established.

Physical exercise

As already mentioned, a pregnant woman should not lift weights, do strength exercises, sharp bends, jumps, etc.

But this does not mean that you should absolutely completely abandon physical exercises. Depending on the course and duration of pregnancy, you need to choose a set of exercises that will help prepare the body of the expectant mother for further pregnancy and the upcoming birth.

It is useful to do morning exercises, performing simple exercises. You should be outdoors more often. Walks should be every day and last at least 1-2 hours. At the same time, for walking you need to choose places rich in green spaces.

Nutrition

This point is worth discussing separately. After all, the proper development and growth of the unborn child largely depends on how and what a woman eats during pregnancy.

Remember that you need to eat right during pregnancy. And for this you need to follow several principles:

• Don't pass it on! Do not eat for two during pregnancy. This is the reason excess weight And possible problems during pregnancy.
• Food is best eaten boiled, steamed, stewed or baked. Avoid fried foods if possible.
• Significantly reduce or even eliminate smoked and pickled foods from the diet.
• Salt food should be moderate.
• Do not abuse sweet, fatty, salty foods. As well as baked goods and pastries.
• Eat often and in small portions. Ideally, the daily amount of food can be divided into 5-6 meals.

No need to forcefully eat unloved food. For example, if cottage cheese, despite its usefulness, is not included in the list of favorite dishes, then you can replace it, for example, with curdled milk or cheese. Or make cottage cheese casseroles, cheesecakes, etc. from it. More imagination!

What to exclude?

You can’t eat your own in the diet of the expectant mother. Such prohibitions must also be taken with full responsibility. So, what not to eat and drink:

You should drink enough clean water. Fluid intake is approximately 2 liters per day. But under certain conditions during pregnancy, the doctor may increase or decrease the amount of fluid you drink.

early pregnancy

Proper nutrition is essential for early dates pregnancy. It is during this period that absolutely all organs of the fetus are laid. And the lack of some nutrients or exposure to hazards can adversely affect its development.

That is why some doctors make a rough weekly nutrition schedule in early pregnancy.

1–4 weeks

stick to principles proper nutrition necessary from the very first days of an interesting situation.

As a rule, two to three months before conception, a woman should start taking folic acid at the dosage recommended by her doctor. This vitamin significantly reduces the risk of various congenital pathologies in the unborn child.

Folic acid is also found in grains and greens - lettuce, parsley, etc.

From the third week of pregnancy, it is necessary to include calcium-rich foods in the diet: dairy (milk, cottage cheese, cheese, kefir, etc.), green vegetables, fruits. Also necessary at this time are trace elements, especially zinc and manganese. They are found in bananas, nuts, lean meats, oatmeal, eggs, and carrots.

5–8 weeks

Often, starting from the second month of pregnancy, expectant mothers begin to complain about the manifestations of toxicosis. To somewhat alleviate its manifestations, you can temporarily replace meat products and eggs with vegetable protein - legumes and soy. It is useful to eat carrots, nuts, cheese. You should not force yourself to eat junk food during this period, however, you should not eat potentially dangerous foods either.

It is useful in the morning, before getting out of bed, to have a light snack - eat a cracker or a cracker. Before going to bed, you can also satisfy the feeling of hunger, for example, with a handful of raisins.

During the day, you should drink a sufficient amount of liquid - at least eight to nine glasses.

9–12 weeks

In the third month of pregnancy, you should especially listen to your gastronomic desires. However, one should not forget about foods that should not be consumed during pregnancy.

From 13 weeks onwards

After the third month of pregnancy, the increased growth of the unborn baby begins. Therefore, you should enrich your daily diet by approximately 300–400 kcal.

You should also eat vegetables and fruits of red and orange colors, which are rich in beta-carotene. This will allow the organs of vision, hearing and other senses of the unborn child to develop correctly.

What else do you need to know?

Finally, it is necessary to recall the conditions in which you need to immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance medical care. These include:

• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• Bloody discharge from the genital tract of any intensity.
• An increase in body temperature even in the absence of any other symptoms.
• Leakage of amniotic fluid, which occurred at any stage of pregnancy.
• Absence of fetal movements. You should also consult a doctor if the baby's movements have become much less frequent or, conversely, more often than usual.
• Noise in the ears, flickering "flies" before the eyes, intense headache.
• Edema. Especially if they grow fast.
• Acute pain in the legs (especially if there is varicose veins).
• Brief loss of consciousness (fainting).
• Vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy, more than twice a day, profuse salivation.
• Lower back pain, especially accompanied by frequent and painful urination and / or fever.

In general, any change in the well-being of a pregnant woman is a reason to consult a doctor. After all, the sooner the pathology is detected, the easier, faster and, most importantly, safer for the future mother and child, it can be cured.

The test showed two stripes - clear, bright, convincing. They confirm that a miracle happened and now you will have a child. This news causes a state of euphoria, which, however, is quickly replaced by anxiety: what to do next? How to behave in a new status, should I go to the doctor, when and where to register for pregnancy, what tests and examinations should I undergo? Do I need to collect any documents for maternity leave, how long do I need to work, what is a birth certificate, when and how to choose a maternity hospital, whether to conclude a contract? In general, clear guidance is needed on how to proceed, so to speak step-by-step instruction by pregnancy. It is this instruction that we have decided to bring to your attention.

Visit to the gynecologist and the first ultrasound.

You need to go to the doctor's office without delay as soon as you find out about the onset of pregnancy. The first appointment with a gynecologist will include an external examination, an examination for gynecological chair, Ultrasound and blood test for hCG.

According to the results of this express examination, the doctor will be able to accurately confirm the fact of the onset of pregnancy (or refute it, because the tests are sometimes “mistaken”), determine the term and exclude the ectopic localization of the embryo. In addition, at the first appointment, you will receive information about further medical measures: visiting other doctors - this may be necessary if you have chronic diseases, - additional tests, the date of the next visit to the gynecologist and ultrasound.

We correct the lifestyle

Now it is necessary to revise the daily routine, work schedule and physical activity. The first weeks of pregnancy are a critical period in the development of the fetus: any overload, stress and illness of the expectant mother during this period can adversely affect the health of the baby and the course of pregnancy. Night walks, clubs and noisy parties will have to be postponed until better times. In the first weeks of pregnancy, you should try to be less in crowded places in order to avoid the risk of infection and injury. Try to get enough rest, sleep and walk in the fresh air.

It is necessary to immediately refuse overtime work, business trips; if possible, move the start and end times of the working day to avoid crowds in transport during rush hour. You have every right to all these pleasant changes in the work schedule in accordance with labor legislation.

In the first weeks, it is worth temporarily abandoning sports; later, in the normal course of pregnancy, it will be possible to return to sports - of course, adjusted for the “interesting situation”.

It is useful for a newly-made expectant mother to walk and swim; but cycling, running, skating and skiing should be abandoned as soon as pregnancy becomes known. Try not to make sudden movements and not to lift weights: the maximum recommended weight is 3 kg, evenly distributed in both hands.

You should also adjust your diet: it is important for a pregnant woman to eat right. It is necessary to abandon canned food, synthetic drinks and products with artificial food additives, do not abuse spicy, fatty and fried foods.

We take vitamins

From the first days of pregnancy, expectant mothers are recommended to take folic acid - vitamin B9. This vitamin provides the necessary rate of growth and development of the baby in the early stages, is the main means of preventing non-developing pregnancy and the formation of malformations. nervous system and fetal heart. Besides, folic acid provides better absorption of iron, necessary for the formation of hemoglobin. The recommended daily dose of vitamin B9 tablets is 800 mcg.

Another "vitamin of the first days of pregnancy" - E; it is necessary for the body of the expectant mother to synthesize the main hormone of pregnancy - progesterone, which ensures normal tone and blood supply to the uterus.

Second ultrasound

The second time ultrasound is performed for a period of 8-12 weeks. The purpose of the study: to confirm the prolongation - the successful course and development of pregnancy, to determine the compliance of the size and development of the fetus with the expected gestational age, to exclude the formation of malformations. According to the results of the second ultrasound, the expectant mother is recommended to start regular visits to the gynecologist to monitor the course of pregnancy.

Pregnancy record

It is advisable to start systematic medical monitoring of the development of pregnancy for a period not later than 12 weeks; it is better to register early - simultaneously with the second ultrasound examination.
Early registration for pregnancy and the beginning of regular medical supervision can significantly reduce the risk of exacerbations of chronic diseases and pregnancy complications. Women registered no later than 12 weeks are paid a one-time allowance in the amount of half the minimum wage upon maternity leave. When registering at the antenatal clinic, the expectant mother should present her passport, compulsory medical insurance policy and the results of medical examinations for Last year, including the conclusion of the first ultrasound and test data. In the future, the expectant mother is recommended to visit the doctor at least 12 times during pregnancy. For periods up to 28 weeks, it is worth going to the doctor at least 1 time per month, from 28 to 37 weeks - at least 2 times a month, and starting from 38 weeks - every 7-10 days. If there are special indications, for example, if additional examinations are necessary based on the results of tests or health reasons, the doctor may recommend unscheduled visits at any of the listed dates.

We hand over analyzes

A referral for the necessary laboratory tests is issued by the doctor at the first visit, i.e. when registering for pregnancy. The standard set of studies conducted at week 12 includes:

• clinical (general) blood test;
• general urine analysis;
• blood chemistry;
• coagulogram - a blood test for clotting;
• determination of the group and Rh-affiliation of blood;
• blood test for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis;
• a study for the presence of torch infections: rubella, toxoplasmosis, coxsackie, herpes, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus, chlamydia, urea- and mycoplasmosis, gardnerellosis. These diseases are hidden and can pathologically affect the development of the fetus;
• smear of flora from the vagina;
• at the discretion of the doctor, a screening examination for congenital diseases - a blood test for alpha-fetoprotein and hCG may be recommended.

Despite the frightening size of the list, all tests can be taken at one time - for this you need to know the days of blood sampling and the necessary preparations. For example, a biochemical blood test should be taken on an empty stomach, and on the eve of the RW (syphilis) test, you should not eat a lot of sweets: failure to follow these rules can lead to incorrect test results. In the presence of chronic diseases or as prescribed by other doctors, such as a general practitioner or endocrinologist, the list may expand. In the future, many tests will have to be retaken: for example, urinalysis - at each visit to the gynecologist; complete blood count - at least twice per trimester; analysis for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis - once in the second and third trimester; a smear for flora - at least once per trimester. Repeated studies for the same infections are necessary, since theoretically the expectant mother can get sick during pregnancy.

Related specialists

Adjacent in obstetrics are called doctors of other specialties, the examination of which helps the gynecologist to choose the right tactics for managing pregnancy. To monitor the course of pregnancy, examinations by a general practitioner, endocrinologist, oculist, dentist and ENT are most relevant, however, if there are health problems, consultations of other doctors may be necessary, for example, a nephrologist - a specialist in kidney disease, a neurologist, a phlebologist - a specialist in vein diseases - or a cardiologist . Bypassing related specialists should begin no later than 12 weeks and be completed by 16 weeks of pregnancy. As part of the examination, the therapist needs to do an electrocardiogram. If necessary, doctors can invite the expectant mother to an appointment again in the second and third trimester of pregnancy or prescribe additional diagnostic tests.

Screening study

At 16-18 weeks of pregnancy, the expectant mother is recommended to undergo the so-called "triple test", which allows to identify a risk group for the formation of fetal malformations. For this, a study of the venous blood of a pregnant woman is carried out for the amount of alpha-fetoprotein, chorionic gonadotropin human and estriol. A change in the amount of these substances produced by the tissues of the fetus and placenta may indicate the presence of a serious anomaly in the development of the fetus, such as Down's syndrome. If the test results are positive, the expectant mother is sent for genetic counseling.

Third ultrasound

The next ultrasound examination is recommended for a period of 18–20 weeks; by this time, the formation of the placenta is completed, as well as the laying of the main organs and systems of the fetus. Sonography at this time allows you to assess the degree of development of the cardiovascular, nervous and urinary systems of the fetus, the correspondence of the development and size of the baby to the gestational age, determine the placenta attachment and the level of blood flow in its vessels, evaluate the structure of the placenta and umbilical cord. The third ultrasound is included in the recommended scope of screening studies for the detection of genetic abnormalities and fetal malformations.

Physical exercise

After the 20th week of pregnancy, when the main “critical” periods have already passed, it is worth discussing with the doctor the possibility of sports being allowed at this time. Recall that active expectant mothers who went in for sports before pregnancy should discuss the correction of habitual physical activity at the first visit to the gynecologist. If the pregnancy proceeds without complications, dosed physical activity is not only allowed, but also strongly recommended: good muscle tone and elasticity of the ligamentous apparatus make it easier to endure weight gain during pregnancy and the discomfort of labor pains. It is better to give preference to stretching exercises, such as yoga for pregnant women, Pilates and body flex. Pregnant women can go in for swimming, special aqua aerobics for expectant mothers and even belly dancing. Necessary condition- complete exclusion of sudden movements, pressure on the press and weight lifting; all of these exercises are best performed under the supervision of a trainer who is competent in selecting loads for pregnant women. In the absence of special recommendations from a doctor, you can engage in "permitted" sports for 40-60 minutes 2-3 times a week until the very birth.

Exchange card

This document can be considered a “pregnancy passport”: it contains all the necessary medical information about the health of the expectant mother, the features of this and previous pregnancies, the results of tests and examinations, the drugs received and the conclusions of specialists.

"Exchange" consists of three parts; the first is filled in by the doctor in the consultation, the second by the obstetrician-gynecologist who delivered the baby, the third by the neonatologist who observed the baby in the maternity hospital after birth. With the help of this important document, continuity in the transfer of information about the health of mother and baby between the antenatal clinic, the maternity hospital and the children's clinic is carried out. According to Order No. 30 of February 10, 2003, the exchange card is issued to the expectant mother by the attending physician of the antenatal clinic no later than the 23rd week of pregnancy. From the moment of receipt, the "pregnancy passport" must always be in the purse of the expectant mother, along with a general passport and a compulsory medical insurance policy: they may be needed in case of unforeseen emergency hospitalization.

Courses for future parents

The choice of courses should be decided by the 25th week of pregnancy: the most complete and interesting cycles of lectures are calculated on average for two months of visits in the mode of 1-2 classes per week. You can start attending courses earlier: most of the topics will be informative and relevant even in the first weeks of pregnancy, and many classes include useful physical exercises in addition to lectures. Courses are needed for the correct psychological attitude for childbirth, the acquisition of skills for self-pain relief of contractions, which include postures, massage, relaxation and breathing techniques, and caring for a newborn.

The standard set of lectures usually includes topics on the features of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, fetal development, the main aspects of medical supervision of a pregnant woman, a woman in labor, a puerperal woman and a newborn in the maternity hospital, breastfeeding, the introduction of complementary foods, the development of a child in the first year of life, an overview of maternity hospitals in your city. In most courses, in addition to lectures, practical classes are held - obstetric gymnastics and childbirth training, where they work out the technique of anesthesia. Classes for expectant parents are best attended with a partner. Such courses can be found at the antenatal clinic or maternity hospital; there are also independent commercial clubs for future parents. When choosing courses, pay attention to the qualifications of teachers (usually lectures are given by medical specialists and psychologists), gymnastics coaches, the convenience of the location of the courses and the time of classes, the opportunity to attend lectures with your husband and choose individual topics of interest to you.

Maternity leave

A disability certificate for pregnancy and childbirth is issued by an obstetrician-gynecologist who monitors the course of pregnancy for the following periods:

with a normal pregnancy - from the 30th week for 140 calendar days (70 days before delivery and 70 days after delivery);
in case of multiple pregnancy - from 28 weeks to 180 calendar days;
in case of complicated childbirth, postpartum leave is increased by 16 calendar days and the total duration of the decree is 156 (70 + 16 + 70) calendar days.

birth certificate

Making maternity leave at 30 weeks of pregnancy, the expectant mother can receive another important document. This is a birth certificate intended for additional payment for the services of doctors at the antenatal clinic, maternity hospital and children's clinic from the federal budget. The birth certificate project started on January 1, 2006; its goal is to improve the quality of medical care for expectant mothers and babies in public medical institutions.

The certificate consists of three coupons: the first goes to pay for the services of a antenatal clinic, the second - a maternity hospital and the third - medical care in a children's clinic. In the consultation, the certificate is handed out at 30 weeks, subject to registration no later than 12 weeks and visits to one doctor of the antenatal clinic at least 12 times during pregnancy; by agreeing to take the certificate, the expectant mother shows that she is satisfied with the medical care received. In case of irregular observation, late registration, medical care on a commercial basis, or in case of dissatisfaction with the pregnant woman with the level of medical services provided, a birth certificate is not issued at the consultation. In this case, the expectant mother will receive a birth certificate already at the maternity hospital. It should be emphasized that a birth certificate is not a mandatory document for planned or emergency hospitalization in a maternity hospital, regardless of which maternity hospital is chosen and under what insurance conditions - under the compulsory medical insurance policy or on a paid basis - the expectant mother will be served.

Fourth ultrasound

The last ultrasound recommended during normal pregnancy is after 32 weeks. By this time, the fetus has already formed, occupies a stable position in the uterus, and the doctor, based on the results of the study, can evaluate its physical development, location, presentation, estimated size by the end of pregnancy, the amount of water, the state of the placenta, blood flow in the vessels of the placenta, umbilical cord and uterine arteries. These data allow you to draw up a proposed plan for childbirth, determine the degree of risks and the need for additional medical training.

Cardiotocography

This study is advisable to conduct after the 32-34th week of pregnancy. The method allows you to assess the well-being of the fetus in terms of frequency and variability, i.e. changes in his heart rate. To do this, within 20-40 minutes, the baby's heart rate is taken using an ultrasonic sensor and recorded on paper tape in the form of a graph. In addition, the CTG chart shows moments of baby movements and an increase in uterine tone. By changes in the pulse, the frequency of fetal movements and increases in myometrial tone, it is possible to assess the risk of developing fetal hypoxia and premature onset of labor.

Choosing a maternity hospital

This important process should be started no later than the 34-36th week of pregnancy. When choosing, one should take into account such criteria as the remoteness of the maternity hospital, the dates of preventive treatments (“washes”), the technical equipment of the maternity hospital, the level of comfort of the delivery wards, if necessary, the presence of a special medical specialization, the ability to choose a doctor and individual management of childbirth, the presence of a partner during childbirth, joint stay of mother and baby in the postpartum ward.

Getting to know the nursery

Having previously decided on the choice of the maternity hospital, after the 36th week it is worth going to it personally and “look around”. It is better to study the route options to the maternity hospital in advance, see where the entrance to the admission department is located, familiarize yourself with the admission rules for admission to antenatal hospitalization and childbirth, find out the time of visits, conversations with doctors and receiving programs. When planning an individual birth at 36 weeks, you can get acquainted with the doctor and conclude a contract for the birth.

Things and documents in the hospital

This must be done no later than the 38th week of pregnancy in order to take everything into account, double-check and not fuss at the very last moment. A list of things allowed for hospitalization in the antenatal, labor and postnatal departments can be requested from the information desk of the maternity hospital or from the insurance agent when concluding a contract for childbirth. The requirements for clothing and personal belongings that you can take with you can be very different in different maternity hospitals, so do not be too lazy to find out the rules in the chosen maternity hospital in advance. It is better to collect things separately for each compartment, packing them in plastic bags. Of the documents for hospitalization, you will need a passport, a compulsory medical insurance policy, an exchange card, a birth certificate and a contract for childbirth - if any; it is better to make photocopies of these documents in advance for the admission department of the maternity hospital. You can immediately take a package with things and documents for childbirth with you, but bags with things for the postpartum department can be transferred to the maternity hospital only after the baby is born, so it is better to sign them in advance and provide instructions for relatives.

What can and cannot be done to women during pregnancy? What habits should they get rid of as soon as possible so as not to harm the health of the unborn baby? How should their diet change while carrying a baby? What can not be done to women "in position" according to folk omens? What sports are good for the health of a young mother, and which ones can provoke a miscarriage or cause premature birth? The answers to all these questions can be found in this article.

What should not be done during early pregnancy?

The first and most important thing that future mothers should refuse is the use of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. Starting from 3-4 weeks and ending at 12-13, there is a formation internal organs baby. It is at this time that it is especially important to try to limit the ingress of harmful substances into the mother's body in order to preserve the health, and sometimes the life of the crumbs.

Smoking and drinking "fun" drinks in the early stages can lead to early toxicosis, a difficult pregnancy. In addition, these habits can cause a child to be born with a heart defect and other health problems. So, a baby can be born with the wrong proportions of the body. Smoking and alcohol consumed by the mother in the first trimester can cause strabismus, and as well as eyelid prolapse in the baby. Children whose mothers drank or smoked, as a rule, are born with low immunity and poor memory. They are usually far behind their peers in development.

Additionally Women who are carrying a baby should give up sports training. They can cause spontaneous miscarriage.

Expectant mothers are contraindicated to be nervous. They need to look at all the hardships of life with a smile. Don't worry about trifles. If something serious happened, then you should try not to think about it, or, as psychologists advise, try to find something good in what happened.

The health and life of the baby depends on the state of mind of the expectant mother. She should remember that all the neuroses and stresses that she experiences in the early stages are transmitted to him. Due to the frequent experiences of a woman during pregnancy, her baby may at best be born weakened and nervous. At worst, she can "lose" the child during the period of its bearing.

We need to change our daily routine. If a young woman slept less than 6 hours a day before pregnancy, then it is time to change that. During the bearing of the crumbs, the expectant mother needs to rest as much as possible and should not be overworked. She should sleep at least 9 hours a day.

A girl "in position" should refuse to use all kinds of drugs, unless, of course, her life does not depend on them. We are talking about those cases when a pregnant woman has serious disease in which the maintenance of her health depends on the intake of certain medications. About how to continue to use them correctly so that the harm from them to the baby is minimal, you should check with your doctor.

Information With a cold, expectant mothers are prohibited from using vasodilating drops to facilitate breathing. They can't use antibiotics. Treatment of any disease should be prescribed only by a doctor. In no case should pregnant girls self-medicate.

Also, expectant mothers should. Now it should be exceptionally correct. No fast food, soda or chips. From now on, only healthy food.

Contraindications

• A pregnant girl should not lie in a hot bath, as well as go to the bath or sauna.
• Pregnant girls should not be engaged in repairs in the apartment or anywhere else. They should shift this responsibility to someone else.
• The same can be said about general cleaning. It can only be carried out together with someone, while a woman carrying a baby should try to do only some simple work. It shouldn't require much effort from her.

If you need to clean up, but there is no one to help, then you need to take the following measures. First, pick detergent with a faint odor. Secondly, during its use, be sure to wear rubber gloves on your hands. And thirdly, in no case do not forget to periodically ventilate the cleaned room.

• It is forbidden for expectant mothers to beat carpets. This action requires them to make sharp and jerky movements, and this is by no means useful for pregnant girls, it can even be said, on the contrary, harmful.
• Do not climb high surfaces. For example, it is not recommended to climb on a chair. A girl carrying a child may feel dizzy, because of which she may lose her balance, lose her balance and fall. The consequences can be tragic. Therefore, painting floors, walls, ceilings, as well as washing windows, she should be entrusted to someone else.
• Under no circumstances are you allowed to lift weights. The weight of a bag or any other item that a pregnant woman lifts should not exceed 2-3 kg.

The rearrangement of furniture in the house should be done by a husband, friend, father-in-law, but not a future mother. It's too much of a burden for her. This type of activity can cause her to bleed associated with abruption of the placenta, which in the future or premature birth.

• Pregnant women are not allowed to sit still for a long time. This happens, for example, when a woman sews or knits. These activities are undoubtedly very exciting, however, because of them, her body is constantly in tension. The joints become numb, the back (most often the lumbar region) begins to hurt badly. Because of this, blood circulation worsens, the amount of oxygen supplied to the body of a woman, and then the baby, decreases. Because of this, fetal hypoxia may occur, and the woman will have to undergo treatment in a hospital. To prevent this from happening, expectant mothers during such classes should observe the following conditions:

1. while knitting or sewing, sit straight, while leaning on the back of a chair or armchair;
2. in no case do not cross your legs;
3. get up every 40 minutes and do a warm-up for about 5-10 minutes or just walk around the room.

What should pregnant women not eat?

“Eat whatever you want. Since the body requires some kind of product or drink, it means that it needs it, so you can eat everything without restrictions! is an extremely false statement. Women "in position" just need to strictly monitor what they use, otherwise they can greatly harm the health of the baby. So, consider what you can not eat during pregnancy, as well as what you can, but in moderation.

Information In no case should you eat stale and expired foods, dirty vegetables or fruits, as well as meat and fish that have not undergone proper heat treatment.

What can you eat during pregnancy, but be careful?

1. Chocolate (no more than 20-30 grams per day).
2. Butter.
3. Coffee (1 cup per day) or tea (2 cups per day).
4. Fatty fish (no more than 300 grams in 7 days).
5. Cod liver (once a week you can eat a small piece).
6. Salt (4-6 grams per day).
7. Seafood.
8. Fat meat.
9. Fast food (1 time per month).
10. Mayonnaise, mustard, ketchup and horseradish.

Women during pregnancy are prohibited from engaging in any active sports. So, they can’t play football, volleyball or basketball, skate or roller skate. Swimming is considered the only sport that is not prohibited for pregnant women. Although there are some limitations here.

During pregnancy, you can not stretch the abdominal muscles, otherwise the tone of the uterus may occur or a miscarriage or premature birth may occur. Therefore, women "in position" are forbidden to do any exercises during which the abdominal muscles tense. Let us consider in more detail which of them pregnant women should refuse:

• squats;
• lifting dumbbells;
• hand presses;
• any exercises on the press;
• twisting;
• jumping;
• lunges;
• exercises performed lying on your back;
• weight lifting.

Additionally It is not recommended to exercise during pregnancy in the first trimester! Only starting from the second, you can already think about doing any exercises, but still, before you start doing them, you should consult your doctor. He will tell you exactly what a woman “in position” can and cannot do. If the pregnancy is difficult, then he can prohibit any kind of training and prescribe a girl who is carrying a baby, complete rest.

What can not be done after conception according to folk signs?

There are many signs that can somehow change fate. For example, it is believed that if a person accidentally breaks a mirror, then now only misfortunes will meet on his way. One more thing: if a girl looks like a dad and not a mom, then she will live a happy life.

Signs were invented a long time ago, no one knows what caused them, however, many still continue to believe them. So, let's consider what, according to popular signs, women are not allowed to do "in position":

• look at ugliness, otherwise the child will be ugly;
• buy things for the baby before he is born, as evil spirits may want to take them away. To achieve their goal, they can try in every possible way to get rid of the crumbs that are still in the womb;
• stand or sit on the threshold. According to our ancestors, the threshold is the boundary between the outer world and the inner world. Sitting or standing on it, you can get a curse from otherworldly spirits;
• You shouldn't play with cats during pregnancy. In ancient times, it was believed that because of such games, the baby would later have enemies who would deceive him in every possible way with the help of cunning. Also, our ancestors believed that because of playing with cats, a baby could grow subcutaneous hair, which would subsequently interfere with his sleep;
• tell others about your pregnancy in the early stages;
• look at carrion, and also spit on it, otherwise an unpleasant odor will come from the crumbs from the mouth;
• in a sitting position, cross your legs. This can cause bow-legged or clubfoot in the crumbs;
• step over brooms and logs. It is believed that because of this, the brownie may be offended by a pregnant girl and send misfortunes to her;
• according to popular beliefs, a pregnant girl should not eat red berries. Ancient people believed that because of them, a child could develop scrofula;
• cut hair;
• beat animals, otherwise the child will be born nervous;
• blow on fire, otherwise it will be difficult for the baby to breathe during childbirth;
• brush your hair on Fridays. According to the ancients, because of this, childbirth will be difficult;
• attend a funeral, go to a cemetery. This sign is explained by the fact that as long as the baby is in the mother's stomach, he does not have a guardian angel, and therefore evil spirits may try to take his soul for themselves;
• eat fish. As our ancestors claimed, because of her, a baby can be born dumb;
• knit, because because of this, the child can get tangled in the umbilical cord. Any knot tied by a pregnant woman can block the baby's path to the world of the living.

What is contraindicated for pregnant women on Easter?

• Firstly, pregnant women should not go to the cemetery. There is a memorial week for this.
• Secondly, do any homework. So, it is forbidden to sew, wash, cook, clean, wash, vacuum, plant anything. Swimming is not allowed on this holiday.
• Thirdly, to indulge in love pleasures with a husband or any other man.

What should pregnant women not do on Good Friday?

On Good Friday, it is not allowed to sing, dance, have fun and shout, swear, drink alcohol, and also make love with a partner. On this day, instead of all of the above, you need to think about your life, as well as what Jesus Christ did for people.

As well as on Easter, in no case should pregnant women do housework, it is forbidden to swim. On this day, girls who are carrying a baby should spend time with their families reading the Bible and praying.

Ordinary people are forbidden to eat and drink until the service of Vespers. Only after the shroud is taken out are they allowed to eat some bread and drink water. This is due to the fact that Good Friday is considered the strictest day during the entire Great Lent. Pregnant women do not need to “mock” their body like that. Some people believe that not only can they fast, but they can’t even go to the temple. However, these are all prejudices of the elderly. If the future mother wants, then she can go to the service.