Today it is not worth relying on centralized heating, since its efficiency is very low. Instead, many people prefer to install heating system. The main element of such a system is the pump. A modern circulation pump for heating comes in several types and has its own advantages and features. Today we’ll talk about it in more detail.
- 1 Why him?
- 2 Types
- 2.1 Dry
- 2.2 Wet
- 3 How to choose
- 4 Installation
Why he?
Installing such a pump in a natural circulation system will allow you to get whole line benefits, including:
- Efficient and quick procedure warming up. Forced circulation causes the boiler to spend less energy on the first start; it does not raise and warm up a large volume of water at once. The process is gradual. In about 10 minutes the radiators in the house will be hot;
- Energy saving. This is achieved due to reduced costs for the first start-up, as well as a decrease in the cooling rate of coolants. The boiler slightly heats the liquid as needed, and therefore uses minimal energy. Despite the operation of the heating circulation pump, the difference in energy savings is still huge;
- No air pockets are formed. The liquid circulates quickly, so air is instantly removed from the system;
- Heat is distributed evenly throughout all rooms;
- Automatic models have specifications, thanks to which it is supported automatic operation heating, or operates according to a given mode;
- Quiet operation and high efficiency. Here you should choose what is more important for you - dry or wet type of pump. We'll talk about their characteristics later;
- Long service life. The system can function for many years without requiring maintenance, prevention or repair. Even if the heating fails, repairing heating circulation pumps will not be a big problem;
- Indispensability. Almost everything modern systems heating systems operate on circulation pumps. There are no alternatives to them. Just connect the UPS to the device and put it into operation. High-quality UPS, that is, the source uninterruptible power supply, is required to protect against overloads, and to provide protection for other electrical appliances in the house.
Kinds
There are two types of circulation pumps for heating systems:
- Dry;
- Wet.
Each of them is characterized by certain advantages and disadvantages and require installation of a UPS and certain supervision. Let's consider them separately.
Dry
TO strengths such pumps include:
- The equipment does not come into contact with the pumped liquid, which allows you to extend its service life;
- Each part is fitted with special care, the joints are processed and protected from leaks;
- O-rings need to be changed every 3 years, and gland seals should be changed before each new heating season;
- The efficiency of pumps of this type can reach 80 percent;
- They are mounted vertically and horizontally, but this does not affect the performance characteristics.
But there are also weaknesses:
- The devices are quite noisy, so their installation requires a separate, remote living rooms premises;
- Seals require periodic lubrication;
- The pump is sensitive to the quality of coolants. It will not last long if the water has a lot of dirt and impurities.
Wet
The strengths of circulation pumps for wet-type heating include:
- The device does not require lubricant to operate to protect it from overheating. The water in which the pump element is immersed is responsible for this. At the same time, the shaft is lubricated;
- Purchasing spare parts will not be expensive;
- The service life is quite long;
- You can install and maintain the pump yourself;
- Doesn't make much noise.
As for the minuses, they are as follows:
- Installation of equipment is possible only in a horizontal plane;
- The maximum efficiency is 50 percent, but is usually 30 percent;
- Leaks in the pump can cause coolant leaks.
How to choose
Often the UPS is offered together with the pump. But if it is missing, then the UPS will have to be purchased separately. Without it, your equipment in your home will be at risk.
But the main factors for choosing a pump are:
- Pressure in the pump system;
- Coolant flow;
- Pump performance.
- Pressure It can be selected correctly by calculating the hydraulic resistance. It is influenced by the size, length of the pipes, the number of turns, and narrowings in the system. The pressure must be able to overcome all resistance.
- Consumption. It must be selected based on the load of the heating system. It is quite difficult to determine this on your own, so it is better to immediately turn to specialists.
- Power. Based on the severity of our winter, 120 W of power is needed for every square meter of house area. If you live in a warm region, then 100 W is enough.
It is best to choose self-regulating pump models, since they are able to adapt themselves to operating conditions. They are the easiest to choose, and the price does not significantly exceed the cost of conventional models. Make sure that it is equipped with a reliable UPS that is responsible for load surges.
Installation
If you choose a pump and also select a UPS for it, it will not be difficult for a person without experience, but installation must be carried out by specialists. This does not prevent you from familiarizing yourself with the basic installation rules.
- Installation is carried out on line reverse type. This is done near the boiler, but where the lowest coolant temperatures are observed. But if the house has an area less than 200 square meters, then this rule is considered conditional. This phenomenon is explained by a slight difference in temperature at the supply and return inflow.
- Installation of the pump is carried out in compliance with one important rule— the arrow on the body coincides with the movement of water in the system, that is, the coolant. The pump is tied with two shut-off valves, a filter for coarse cleaning at the outlet and check valve. The last element is needed if the system involves the use of a hydraulic accumulator.
- All threaded connections are treated with sealants to prevent the installation from leaking.
- If the heating system has a combined circulation, then an additional bypass is installed. It is mounted parallel to the pump. With its help, you can switch the system to natural circulation mode if you need to repair the pump.
- Do not forget to choose a suitable UPS for the pump and the entire system, which will avoid many troubles during operation.
- When the pump is installed horizontally, it is filled with coolant, the central screw is opened, thereby removing excess air.
Installation is still the prerogative of specialists with the necessary experience and knowledge. You can choose the right pump based on our recommendations and advice.
You should not prove your worth as a master if you have never really dealt with a heating system. This will entail unpredictable consequences, the easiest of which may be failure of the circulation pump. And today such a unit costs from 60 to 230 dollars. The price is influenced by many factors, ranging from power and performance to the material used to make the case.
A modern heating system cannot do without a circulation pump. This equipment allows you to increase the efficiency of its operation and reduce energy costs. To provide proper operation the entire system will need to take into account some of the nuances of the operation of the presented equipment.
Circulation pumps for heating systems, the technical characteristics of which must meet the requirements of manufacturers of such equipment, differ in several basic parameters. To purchase a suitable model, you must take into account the recommendations of experts. In this case, it will be possible to choose the optimal circulation pump for existing system heating.
Purpose
A circulation pump (pump) is installed in the heating system to increase the speed of movement of coolants through pipes and radiators. This helps prevent them from cooling quickly. Installing a circulation pump in the heating system will help avoid insufficient heating of batteries that are located far from the boiler. Such equipment makes energy consumption economical.
An open heating system with a circulation pump cannot be combined. This type of communications involves the natural circulation of water from a high area (from a heated boiler) to an area low pressure(radiators). This principle applies to small country houses. However, even in such buildings it is recommended to install a pump. It allows you to reduce heating costs. Systems with forced circulation coolant are called closed.
Today there are many varieties of such equipment on sale. The choice depends on the type of heating system. The cost of such pumps can also vary significantly. When choosing, you should not give preference to cheap devices from unknown manufacturers. Such devices may fail within the first year of operation.
Principle of operation
Circulation pumps for home heating systems create overpressure coolant (water or special antifreeze). The device forces it to move through pipes and batteries at a given speed. This allows the coolant to be delivered at the required temperature to all points of the heating system. 
When using a pump, it is possible to make the diameter of the pipes smaller than in systems with natural circulation. At the same time, communications are less noticeable and fit harmoniously into the interior.
The design has a rotor in the motor. It is immersed in the heated fluid of the system. When rotating, the rotor forces the coolant to move through the pipes. In this case, you can set the required circulation speed. There are pumps on sale that operate in different modes. If you set the device to a high rotor speed, you can quickly warm up a cold room. Next, the user can set the normal mode.
Design features
A closed heating system with a circulation pump has certain design features of this unit. A snail is attached to the body of the device. Pipes are connected to it heating circuit(supply and return). An electric motor is installed in the device body. It has a special control board and wire terminals. It is connected to a household electrical outlet. 
The moving part of the pump is, as mentioned above, the rotor. It has a special nozzle with blades. This structural element creates the movement of the energy carrier. The impeller takes the heated liquid from one side and transfers it to the pipes of the heating system. This builds up pressure in the circuit.
Some vacuum is formed at the pump inlet. But the output is compression (pressure). Almost all pumps on sale today operate on this principle.
Varieties
Nowadays, various circulation pumps for heating systems are on sale. Their technical characteristics are slightly different. There are “dry” and “wet” circulation pumps for heating systems.
In the first option, the engine rotor does not come into contact with water or other coolant. It is isolated from liquid by special material. This is a sliding o-ring. The efficiency of this type of equipment is quite high. It reaches 85%. However, dry pumps make noise when operating. This is a disadvantage of the presented type of design. Also, such pump models are characterized by large dimensions. Therefore, the presented devices require pipes to be laid in a special way. 
Dry rotor pumps are most often used in boiler houses that are designed to serve several buildings. This type of device can often be found in enterprises. It needs periodic maintenance.
In “wet” pumps, the rotor is immersed in the coolant. In this case, only the stator is isolated. This type of equipment operates quietly and is smaller in size.
Pump for a private house
Selecting a circulation pump for the heating system of a private home requires a responsible attitude. Experts say that cottage owners should choose types of equipment with a “wet” rotor. Such devices are suitable for creating autonomous system heating for one house. Glanded rotor circulation pumps are designed for multi-building or industrial applications. 
However, it should be understood that “wet” type pumps have a lower level of efficiency. It does not exceed 65%. But similar devices do not require frequent maintenance. They have a built-in regulator that allows you to adjust the required heating mode. Such pumps are silent during operation.
The listed features are decisive when choosing a particular circulation pump. Owners of a private home must purchase equipment with a rotor that is immersed in the coolant.
Important factors when choosing a pump
Before making a purchase, it is necessary to calculate the circulation pump for the heating system. In this case, a number of parameters are taken into account. First of all, the calculations determine the required equipment performance. This indicator is determined on the condition that the pump is minimally loaded. 
Next, you need to determine the required pressure in the system that the device should create. In this case, take into account the conditions in which the equipment will operate. To do this, you will need to determine the volume of the room that needs to be heated, the type of coolant (water or antifreeze), and the required temperature in the system and inside the room. You should also calculate the diameter of the pipes.
The choice of the presented device is influenced by its characteristics. It is important to consider its size, noise levels, and difficulties that arise during maintenance.
Performance calculation
Calculation of a circulation pump for a heating system begins with a performance indicator. For this, the formula is used: P = M/(T2 - T1), where P is productivity, M is boiler power, T1 is the temperature of the liquid in the return part of the circuit (usually 60-70ºC), T2 is the temperature in the supply circuit (90-95ºC ).
This formula will allow you to determine the necessary pump parameters in accordance with the type of boiler. The selection of a circulation pump for a heating system can be carried out in accordance with generally accepted standards. So, to heat 10 m² of area you need a pump with a power of 1 kW. The equipment must provide the necessary heating to all sections of radiators in the room.
Pressure determination
Circulation pumps for heating systems must raise the coolant to a certain level. The technical characteristics of the device are indicated by the manufacturer. The pressure indicator is presented in atmospheres or meters of water column. For example, the manufacturer indicates the pump pressure in numbers 25-40. This means that the equipment is capable of raising the coolant to a height of 4 m. This corresponds to 0.4 atm. pressure. In accordance with the characteristics of the coolant circuit, the presented indicator is selected.
The number 25 in the marking allows you to determine the diameter of the pipes. They should be 1 inch (25 mm) in cross section. When choosing a device, be sure to take these two indicators into account. The manufacturer may also indicate in the passport documentation the power consumption of the equipment and some other aspects of its operation.
Manufacturers
There are many options for circulation pumps on sale today. They differ in quality, characteristics and cost. WILO circulation pumps for heating systems are in great demand today. They are manufactured by a German company. These are reliable, durable devices that are tested under production conditions. 
Consumers also purchase circulating GRUNDFOS pumps. Their cost is less than that of German-made products. However, the quality of such devices is somewhat inferior to WILO. Experts say that such manufacturers as Wester, Wita, ELSOTHERM, Speroni are distinguished by decent quality.
To save money in the family budget, you should select a device with the most acceptable performance. However, you should not skimp on the quality of the circulation pump. It is better to give preference to proven models than to purchase new equipment after a short period of time.
Installation
The installation of a circulation pump in the heating system must be carried out exactly according to the manufacturer's instructions. It is necessary to select the correct position of the device in the system. The electric motor shaft must be positioned strictly horizontally. Otherwise, air plugs will form. They will lead to rapid failure of the pump.
The manufacturer puts an arrow on the instrument body. It indicates in which direction the fluid in the system should move.
A filter must be installed in front of the pump. It helps to increase the service life of equipment. Pump insertion is carried out at any part of the circuit. However, experts recommend performing this procedure on the return line. The insertion is made after expansion tank and in front of the boiler.
Having considered what circulation pumps for heating systems are and their technical characteristics, every owner of a private home will be able to choose the right equipment.
The use of a circulation pump for heating systems significantly improves their performance characteristics. In addition, such pumps, thanks to which the water heated by the boiler enters all elements of the heating systems much faster and less cold, allow you to save on energy resources (electricity, fuel for the boiler). The effectiveness of using circulation pumps as part of heating systems largely depends on the correct choice of such equipment, made on the basis of its technical characteristics.
Types and main characteristics
Before you understand what technical specifications circulation pumps for heating systems have, you should familiarize yourself with various types such equipment. According to their design, circulation pumps are divided into:
- with a “wet” rotor;
- with a “dry” rotor.
The design feature of devices of the first type is that the moving elements of their rotor assembly are constantly in contact with the pumped medium, which ensures not only their lubrication, but also effective cooling. In addition, the operation of such equipment, the rotor of which is constantly located in a liquid medium that perfectly absorbs all vibrations, is characterized by a minimal noise level. The advantages of circulation pumps with a “wet” rotor are also their compact size, ease of installation and maintenance. If we talk about the disadvantages of such hydraulic machines, the most significant of them is low efficiency.
Design of a circulation pump with a “wet” rotor
In circulation pumps with a “dry” rotor, as is clear from their name, the elements of the rotor assembly do not contact the liquid coolant, which gives such devices both advantages and disadvantages. The most significant advantages of hydraulic machines of this type are high performance and efficiency reaching up to 80%. Circulation pumps with a dry rotor are equipped with powerful thermal stations and heating systems for industrial use, including household systems As a rule, they are not used for heating. Among the disadvantages of hydraulic machines with a “dry” rotor, they usually mention the rather high noise level, as well as the complexity of installation and maintenance.
Design of a circulation pump with a dry rotor
The technical capabilities and operating conditions of circulation pumps for heating systems are determined by a number of characteristics.
Performance
This parameter indicates the amount of liquid that the device is able to pump per unit of operating time. The unit of measurement for this parameter is m 3 /hour.
Pressure
Pressure is also called hydraulic resistance. The amount of pressure generated by the circulation pump is measured in meters or decimeters of water column.
Supply voltage
The type depends on this parameter electrical network(single- or three-phase) to which a pump can be connected. Naturally, for installation in heating systems of residential buildings, you should choose hydraulic machines operating from an electrical power supply with a voltage of 220 V.
Power consumption
This characteristic depends on both specific model pumping equipment and the mode in which it operates. Many models of circulation pumps designed for domestic heating systems can provide several speeds of pumping water. On the body of such pumps, as a rule, there is a special plate on which the power consumption and current strength corresponding to each operating mode are indicated. The vast majority of circulation pumps for domestic heating systems are characterized by power consumption in the range of 50–70 W.
Table 1. Main parameters and features of choosing circulation pumps for heating
Maximum coolant temperature
When choosing a circulation pump for a heating system according to this parameter, preference should be given to models designed to work with a working environment whose temperature can reach up to 110°.
Dimensions
This includes such characteristics as the diameter of the threaded part of the mounting elements of pumping equipment and the installation length of its body. Most of circulation pumps used in domestic heating systems are simply cut into the pipeline and connected to its elements using union nuts - “American women”. Quite often, both the nuts themselves and the pipes for connecting the device to the pipeline system are already included in its factory configuration. The most common mounting diameters of circulation pumps used to equip domestic heating systems are 1 and 1.25 inches (25 and 32 mm, respectively). The installation length of household circulation pumps can be 130 or 180 mm.
Electrical protection class
Majority modern models circulation pumps for domestic heating systems according to the international classification correspond to protection class IP44. Manufacturers provide pumping equipment of this class with protection against getting into it. inner part solid foreign particles whose size exceeds 1 mm. This is indicated by the first number 4 in the marking. The next number 4 in the designation of the protection class means that the electrical part of the equipment is insured against liquid drops and splashes flying at any angle.
Maximum fluid outlet pressure
On the housing of many models of circulation pumps you can find information about this characteristic. As a rule, for household equipment this parameter does not exceed 10 bar. From a practical point of view, it doesn’t mean anything; characteristics such as pressure and productivity are much more important.
Brand and manufacturing company
When choosing circulation pumps for heating systems (as well as any other technical devices) it is better to give preference to products from well-known manufacturers who take quality issues more seriously and provide reliable guarantees.
Technical characteristics of circulation pumps for heating systems are usually included in the designation of their models. Using such designations, in particular, you can immediately determine the following parameters: the liquid pressure created by the device, the diameters of its suction and discharge pipes, and the installation length.
Rules and features of choice
You should start choosing a specific circulation pump model only after you have designed heating system and the total length of its closed contour will become known. In addition to the length of the heating system circuit, the choice of a circulation pump is also influenced by the number of radiators with which it will be equipped. Only after receiving all this data can it be determined with high accuracy what performance the circulation pump should have and what magnitude of coolant pressure in the system it should provide. It is very important to calculate the performance of a circulation pump for a heating system based on the lowest temperature outside, when the pumping device will operate at maximum load.
