Door closer- a mechanism that ensures automatic closing of doors. This is a device that, first of all, performs soft, smooth and silent closing, which allows you to maintain proper comfort and safety in rooms with any type of door. In addition, the use of a closer significantly reduces wear door hinges and other door fittings. Closers must be installed on doors equipped with an access control system, on fire doors and evacuation doors, on entrance doors. Closers ensure reliable closing of the door.

How to choose the right door closer.

1. Classification by closing force

When choosing a door closer model, first of all you need to take into account door weight and door leaf width. For this purpose, the classification of closers is used according to standards EN 1154. According to this standard, closers are divided into classes from EN1 to EN7. Contrary to a common misconception, the class of the door closer does not correspond to the mass of the door, but to its moment of inertia, which, as is known, is determined not only by the mass, but also by the shoulder. Therefore, the classifier tables must indicate both the mass and width of the sash - both of these parameters must be taken into account.

Some door closer models are produced for one specific class, for example EN 4. This usually applies to inexpensive models. Some manufacturers provide several mounting diagrams for such “one-class” closers that allow you to adjust the closing force within certain limits. An excellent indicator of the manufacturer’s care for its client is the presence of a full-size template, which allows you to quickly and accurately determine the location of the body and rod of the closer in accordance with the required class.

More advanced models have smooth force adjustment. In manufacturers' catalogs, the class of such door closers is usually indicated by a hyphen, for example EN 2-4. Such closers are of course preferable, as they allow you to more accurately select the closing force for a specific door, although they are usually somewhat more expensive

2. The next parameter that needs to be taken into account is the temperature range at which the closer will be used.

Despite the fact that there are heat-stable options for closers designed for a wide range of temperatures, you can significantly increase the service life of any closers if you adjust the closing speed according to the season. This prevents users from trying to “help close” the door closers, because such “help” leads to damage to the seals and leaks of more viscous cold oil. A thermal damper, a special device for the internal valves of the closer, can help withstand large temperature changes without additional adjustment. As the temperature rises, the oil inside the closer begins to flow faster, but the thermal damper expands, compensating for the decrease in oil viscosity. When it gets cold, the opposite situation occurs.

3. Option for installing a closer. Based on the type of installation, they are divided into: surface-mounted, floor-mounted and hidden-mounted closers.

- Closers of overhead type.

Overlay type closers - the most common type of door closer, installed on the top of the door or door frame. Can be installed both outside and indoors. If we are talking about interior doors, choose the standard installation method: the closer body is mounted on the door from the opening side, and the rod with the shoe is mounted on door frame. On the door leading to the street, it is better to install the closer from the inside, this will protect it from the harmful effects of moisture and dust. In addition, in cold weather, a closer installed on the street side may freeze, and the door will not be able to close at all. Therefore, at the slightest opportunity, choose an internal installation. In this case, the installation of the closer depends on design features and door opening directions. According to the rules fire safety external doors should open outward, therefore, you will have to mount the closer body to the door jamb or, in a parallel pattern, to an additional mounting strip.

Surface-mounted closers also differ in the type of traction design into the following types:

With a lever (standard, knee, articulated) rod (English scissor arm). In the design of such door closers, torque is transmitted using a folding lever. A properly installed articulated rod is very reliable and durable, but has a serious drawback - low resistance to vandalism. The knees of such rods protruding perpendicular to the box do not look aesthetically pleasing and may make you want to grab them or even hang.

Lever with fixation- has the same disadvantages and advantages as a conventional lever rod. A distinctive feature is the ability to lock the door in the open position.

Parallel traction - practically the same lever rod, only a special bracket is used during installation. With this installation, when the door is closed, the rod is parallel to the door leaf. The door looks more aesthetically pleasing because the pull is less noticeable.

With a sliding channel. The force on the door is transmitted using a sliding gear, in which the free end of the lever moves along a sliding channel. Such closers are much more vandal-resistant and aesthetically pleasing, because... such rods do not have vulnerable protruding parts. A door with such a closer can be safely installed in small rooms and corridors without the risk of damaging the rod and the wall against each other. However, such transmission with classical internal structure The closer (rack and pinion) requires greater force than the knee door closer, so preference is given to cam-action technology, in which the force can be controlled by changing the shape of the cam. You can easily install an elastic insert to limit the opening of the sash into the sliding channel, which will eliminate the need to damage the floor. An aesthetic solution is to place an electromagnetic clamp inside the sliding channel. An invisible fire detector can also be placed there to control an autonomous fire door.

- Floor-type closers.

In fact, floor-mounted door closers are used in buildings and premises where sufficient attention is paid to aesthetics and design style. Such systems can be observed in shopping centers, where virtually all door leaves are equipped with these devices, especially with regard to glass structures. Floor closer on metal door also suitable.Unlike top-mounted mechanisms, floor systems there are no levers. Floor closers ensure closing of doors with both left and right aprons, as well as those that open in both directions, i.e. swing doors. The door itself is hung on special loops. In this case, the lower one has a dual function; It is not only a door hinge, but also a lever, one end of which is connected to the output shaft of the closer, and the other is fixed to the door leaf.

- Concealed door closers

Concealed door closers - completely built into door leaf. The sliding tire and traction are only visible when the door is open.

About what functions are found in door closers, why they are and whether they are always so necessary.

1.WHAT FUNCTIONS ARE THERE AND HOW DO THEY WORK?

Palladium door closers, like all gear driven overhead door closers, have basic and advanced features.

The basic functions are the overall closing speed (Close Speed) and the finishing speed (Latch Speed). Additional: wind brake (Back Check), closing delay (Delay Action) and fixation in the open position (Hold Open). All functions work independently of each other. And everything except the locking in the open position can be adjusted.

Let's explain how it all works. The closer body is filled with viscous machine oil. It also contains a spring, a piston and hydraulic system, consisting of channels through which oil moves back and forth. When opening the door, we act on the piston, and it compresses the spring. At this time, the oil flows from its starting point to another part of the housing.

When we release the handle, the spring expands and presses on the piston - the door begins to close. At the same time, the spring pushes the oil. It passes through the channels and flows through the valves into the channel from which it began its journey. Therefore, a door controlled by a closer does not just close, but does so smoothly.

The idea is to use adjusting screws to partially block the desired channel, controlling the speed of oil flow, and with it the smoothness of the door closing. The screws are adjusted with a screwdriver. The main thing is not to unscrew them counterclockwise two or more turns from the factory setting, otherwise the screw may fall out and the closer may leak. In general, to feel a change in the movement of the door, it is enough to tighten the screw 1/8-1/4 of a turn.

We explained how the overhead door closer functions work. Now let's look at each of them separately. However, keep in mind that all values ​​(degrees, seconds) are approximate and are given for installing the closer in a standard way (perpendicular lever).

2. ADJUSTABLE CLOSING SPEED (CLOSE SPEED)

[What is he doing]

Accelerates or slows down door closing within a range of up to 15°. That is, on the way from the state “the door is open” to the state “the door is about to close.”

[Description]

When adjusting speed, avoid extremes. If the door closer closes an open door quickly (less than 4 seconds), this will create inconvenience for children, the elderly and the disabled. If it is slow (more than 7 seconds), and the door is the entrance, you can let cold into the room in winter.

Please note: in closers with delayed closing (Delay Action), the Close Speed ​​function is activated in the range from 69° to 15°. The speed of the blade movement in the segment from 180° to 70° depends on how you set the closing delay.

[How to adjust]

Turn the corresponding screw clockwise to make the door close more slowly. If you want to speed up the closing, turn the screw counterclockwise.

All Palladium and Lock Factory models

3. ADJUSTABLE LATCH SPEED

[What is he doing]

Accelerates or slows down the closing of the door in the range from 15° to 0° (at the very end of the door movement).

[Description]

This function is needed for automatic slamming. If you speed up the finishing, the door controlled by the closer will make a “jump at the finish line”. This is enough for it to fit into the seal and close with a mechanical latch (no adjustments are needed for magnetic locks). And vice versa. If there is no seal or mechanical latch, the slam can be reduced. In addition, there will be less noise and pinched fingers.

[How to adjust]

Turn the screw clockwise to reduce the adjustment. If you need to increase it, turn the screw counterclockwise. Important: first adjust the closing speed and only then adjust the finishing speed, and not vice versa!

[Door closers with this function]

All Palladium and Lock Factory models.

4.ADJUSTABLE WIND BRAKE (BACK CHECK)

[What is he doing]

Limits sudden opening or slamming of the door in the range from 70° to 180° (depending on the adjustment).

[For what]

So that the wind and hooligans cannot knock the door against the wall, causing damage to the hinges and handles. This option is suitable for external doors and entrance groups with high traffic and risk of vandalism (educational institutions, shopping centers, hospitals, etc.). We also recommend it if the room is located in a windy area.

[Description]

When the door moves suddenly, damage is caused not only to the fittings and the wall, but also to the door closer. In particular, the spring-loaded piston. It has a sealing cuff made of polyurethane. If you forcefully open or slam the door, the water hammer will be applied directly to the cuff. It is not ready for such loads, so it will most likely burst and leak. But even if the cuff is lucky, the closer linkage may suffer.

To prevent all this from happening, the closer is equipped with a hydraulic “wind brake”. It works like an airbag for the door.

The wind brake cannot be turned off, but it does not interfere with the use of the door. The fact is that the resistance of the closer is proportional to the speed of the web. That is, depreciation is activated only when the door moves quickly, with a jerk. And if it’s smooth, as usual, then you won’t feel any resistance. In addition, you can always tighten the adjustment screw by setting desired angle and damping stiffness.

[How to adjust]

Turn the wind brake screw clockwise to make the damping stiffer and activate earlier. If you want to loosen the shock absorption and allow the door to swing open more, turn the screw counterclockwise.

Door closers with this function. Palladium 1085 BC, 10120 BC, 10600 BC/DA

5.ADJUSTABLE CLOSING DELAY (DELAY ACTION)

[What is he doing]

Slows down the door closing speed several times in the range from 180° to 70°. After passing the 70° angle, the door closes at normal speed. The maximum delay time depends on the door closing angle and the settings and can be up to 35 seconds.

[For what]

You no longer need to ask others to hold the door for you if you need to bring in boxes or push a stroller or cart.

[Description]

Door closers with the Delay Action function are suitable for utility rooms (warehouses, storerooms, utility rooms, etc.). A delay of up to 35 seconds is enough for workers to place the load, open the door, lift the load and carry it into the room. This function is also useful in medical institutions and nursing homes. It will be easier for hospital and hospital staff to bring in stretchers and roll carts. Elderly people and patients in wheelchairs will be able to use the door safely.

The “closing delay” cannot be disabled, but can be reduced to a few seconds. Keep this in mind if you are going to install a door closer with this function on high-traffic doors (for example, in large shopping centers). Also it's not the best option for an entrance door in a constantly air-conditioned room.

[How to adjust]

Turn the corresponding screw clockwise to increase the delay time. If a long delay is of no use to you (for example, in minus temperature on the entrance doors), then turn the screw counterclockwise.

[Door closers with this function]

Palladium 10600 BC/DA

6. FIXING THE OPEN POSITION (FOP, HOLD OPEN)

[What is he doing]

Stops the door and prevents it from closing when it is open at an angle >70°-80°.

[For what]

To leave the door open for the passage of a group of people, carrying cargo, transporting a cart, stroller, etc. Or for ventilation or cleaning.

[Description]

FOP is a useful option for internal doors, replacing the floor clamp. When you open the door to an angle of 70-80° or wider, it locks and remains open. To make it shut, “help” it: pull the handle towards the opening. As soon as the angle between the canvas and the opening is reduced to<70°, дверь начнет автоматически закрываться.

On different closers, FOP is implemented differently. In some models - due to a folding lever. In others (including Palladium) - using an internal non-adjustable valve.

Please note that FOP cannot be disabled. Usually this is not critical, since most people open their doors only 50-60° (if you want, check how you do it). But if you are firmly convinced that FOP will interfere with you, then you can buy door closers without this function, but with the same load. For example, Palladium models 1025 D, 1045 D (with FOP) correspond to models 1025 ST, 1045 ST (without FOP).

[How to adjust]

No way. This feature cannot be adjusted or disabled.

[Door closers with this function]

Palladium 1025 D, 1045 D

7. IN CONCLUSION: SELECT THE CLOSER ACCORDING TO THE WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS OF THE DOOR

Functions are functions, but the main criteria when choosing a closer are the weight and dimensions of the door leaf. If you choose a low-power device, the door will not slam, and the closer will quickly break or leak. And vice versa: place a door closer with a load of 85-120 kg on a light door leaf - the door will be harder to open. In addition, the load on the hinges will increase many times over.

Sections of the article:

In the relatively recent past, to ensure independent tight closing of the front door or gate, such simple mechanisms as a spring, a counterweight with a cable and a pulley system, rubber bands or their analogues made from rubber tires were used. Today, to ensure that the door itself closes tightly, closers of various sizes, colors and shapes are used. What door closers for entrance doors are presented on the shelves in specialized departments of stores, what you should pay attention to when purchasing and how to install them - read on.

Types of door closers

A door closer is considered to be a mechanical device that is capable of accumulating potential energy when the door leaf is opened. The accumulated energy is then spent on tightly, almost silently closing the door. The basis of the mechanism, responsible for its main function, is a powerful spring inside the case, the transfer of force to and from it occurs in two scenarios:

Closers with a hydraulic circuit inside that transmits forces through a rack work in such a way that when the door leaf is opened, the gear on the lever axis turns and transmits translational motion through the rack to the piston, which then causes the spring to compress. After the opening is completed, the compressed spring tends to return to its original relaxed state, pushing the piston in the opposite direction. The movement of the piston provokes the rotation of the gear, which returns force to the lever axis of the closer, after which the door smoothly and tightly fits into the frame. The smooth operation of the closer is carried out due to a hydraulic system in the form of cavities and channels throughout the body of the mechanism through which oil flows.

Closers with cam mechanism. Inside the device, on the lever axis, there is a cam in the form of a complex eccentric, reminiscent of a core. The cam mechanism is supported by rollers on both sides. Opening the door leaf provokes compression of the spring by the protruding part of the cam. The desire of the spring to assume its original position leads to the rotation of the cam in the opposite direction and the smooth closing of the door. A similar principle of operation is used when placing hidden mechanisms or in closers with a channel arrangement of traction.

Advantages and disadvantages of installing door closers

When installing a door closer on your front door, you will receive the following advantages:

• Increased service life of the door leaf and fittings, since smooth slamming protects the door from damage from impacts when opening/closing and minimizes the load on the fittings;
• The tight fit of the door leaf into the frame protects the room from cold wind, drafts and extraneous noise from the outside;
• The mechanized device does not require connection to the electrical network;
• The adjusted closing speed allows you to make the door safe to operate, which is important for families with small children or elderly members who may enter the room for a long time or cannot hold the door when opening;
• The disadvantages include possible difficulties in installing and adjusting the closer, as well as the significant cost of high-quality products equipped with additional functions.

Closer installation location

The most common are overhead door closers, which are installed in the upper part on the inside or outside of the door leaf, depending on the type of opening. Less common are mortise products for entrance doors, which are hidden inside the floor, door leaf or frame. Such mechanisms are used when installation in a standard position is impossible or for aesthetic reasons, for example, on glass door leaves.

Based on their design features, overhead closing mechanisms are divided into two types:

Closers equipped with a lever arm consisting of two elbows. The advantages are ease of installation, reliability of the mechanism, a fairly high level of force transmission, and the possibility of several adjustment options. A significant drawback is the lever protruding beyond the level of the facade perpendicular to the body of the closer, the likelihood of which being damaged by the actions of intruders is quite high. In addition, the lever rod requires effort when opening the door leaf, which is not very convenient for children and older people.

Closers equipped with a closed sliding channel inside the box, along which the free edge of the hinge with a roller at the end moves. The advantages are high decorative qualities due to the absence of protruding parts, minimal likelihood of damage in the nature of vandalism, the possibility of additionally equipping the mechanism with an opening limiter inside the channel, installation in doors close to the wall. Disadvantages: minimal number of adjustments and additional equipment, higher cost compared to lever ones.

Classification of closers

In accordance with the global standardization EN1154, door closers are divided into seven classes EN1-EN7 depending on the closing force that they are capable of creating. To understand which closer is suitable for a particular door, you need to know the width and weight of the door leaf. If two mandatory parameters do not correspond to one class, devices of a higher classification are selected. For example, the width of a door leaf in mm corresponds to class EN3, and the weight corresponds to EN5; it is recommended to install a class 5 door closer, since the weaker force of class 3 will not cope with the load.

Mechanisms for self-closing are available for sale, which belong to both one class (the marking indicates one digital value, for example, EN1), and several (the marking indicates the digital value with a hyphen, for example, EN1-3). The second option is more practical and convenient, since it is possible to regulate the speed of closing the sash depending on weather conditions, but compared to mechanisms of the same class, such devices are much more expensive.

What to look for when purchasing

How to choose a door closer for your front door? First of all, you need to pay attention to a number of important indicators:

• The closing speed does not have a clear digital indicator and is selected by visual observation. For private homes, it is recommended to purchase a door closer with a minimum speed;
• The slamming speed is necessary for door leaves equipped with latch locking mechanisms;
• Opening inhibition. This indicator is used for installation on doors leading into rooms with high traffic of people; it allows you to apply less force when opening the door leaf;
• Closing inhibition is relevant for use in retail premises, as it allows the buyer with packages to calmly leave the hall. A similar indicator will not be superfluous for families with children and elderly people who have difficulty passing through a doorway. A significant drawback of the device is its irrational use in the cold season, since keeping the opening open for a long time will quickly cool the room;
• The presence of a sash lock allows you to fix the door in the open position, which is convenient when ventilating for a long time in the summer or removing furniture from the house.

It is also worth considering the mechanism’s resistance to temperature changes: in regions with cold winters, it is recommended to give preference to frost-resistant models that work properly down to a temperature of -40C.

Installation

To install the closer, you will need a minimum set of tools: a drill with a drill corresponding to the size of the fastener, a screwdriver, a simple pencil and a tape measure or ruler. Most manufacturers equip the mechanism with instructions with templates that clearly show how to install the closer. Schematic representations of the components of the closer in full size on the template and the mounting holes for each element greatly facilitate the marking and further installation of the mechanism on the front door. The template is printed on both sides of the sheet with the type of door opening towards or away from you.

Two red perpendicular lines on the template allow you to install it correctly. The vertical red line is aligned with the center line of the door hinges, the horizontal line is aligned with the upper border of the door leaf. It is recommended to mark the center line of the loops using a simple pencil.

Next, using a drill, the mounting holes corresponding to the selected class are marked through the template. The door closer usually comes with two types of hardware: for metal-plastic or wooden surfaces. Depending on the material of the door leaf, a drill bit for the drill is selected, which is used to drill out the recesses for fasteners marked according to the template. After which the installation of the self-closing mechanism begins.

Please note that the door closer is installed in disassembled form, that is, the levers and the body separately. When purchasing an assembled mechanism, it is strongly recommended to disassemble it before installation: first unscrew the fixing washer, then remove the screw connecting the levers and the body.

Installation of a door closer that opens in the forward position begins with fixing the housing frame to the door leaf using self-tapping screws, into which the rod is then mounted. In the lower body part there is a special recess into which a lever is inserted and tightened with a screw. This is followed by a fairly simple connection of the lever and the rod by pressing with your fingers until a slight click is formed. The difference in connection lies in the location of the pull rod on the front door.

If basic soft closing is necessary, the rod is slightly reduced in length and installed perpendicular to the door. If there is a latching mechanism in the sash, solidary reinforcement is required to overcome its resistance. In this case, the rod is extended and fixed in a position perpendicular to the door.

Adjustment

After installing the door closer, all that remains is to adjust the door closing speed. Depending on the model, the closers differ in design and location of the screw for speed adjustment. Detailed information is usually contained in the product data sheet or installation instructions. But the operating principle of regulation in various models of entrance door closers is similar:

• Rotating the screw clockwise increases the door closing speed;
• Rotating the screw counterclockwise slows down the closing speed.

When adjusting, it is not recommended to turn the screw several turns at once, since there is a high probability of disturbing the balance of the closer, which is quite difficult to adjust back. In addition, several sharp turns of the adjusting screw can cause damage to the mechanism, for example, oil leakage from the inside. Most often, a ¼ turn is enough to achieve the required speed.

In order for the closer to perform its function efficiently for many years, it is strongly recommended not to press the door or slow it down with foreign objects when closing, as this can lead to damage to the internal parts of the mechanism. In addition, it is recommended to change the lubricant in the hinge at least once every 2 years when installing closers for entrance doors indoors and annually when installing the mechanism from the outdoor part of the door. It is recommended to adjust the external closer every six months to reduce the consequences of temperature changes.

A door closer is often installed on the door leaf, which simplifies the opening process. This mechanism takes on a significant part of the effort applied by a person; with this principle of operation, there is no need to control the operation of the door leaf. It opens easily and smoothly returns to its original position. However, installing a closer is not a prerequisite for closing the door. It is preferable to install it in places with high traffic, which helps reduce wear on the door mechanism.

If you are interested in how closers work, you should know that the design is based on a spring, but auxiliary elements are also provided. It accumulates mechanical energy by contracting. When a person releases the sash, the spring straightens. In addition, front door closers operate smoothly. This possibility is provided thanks to a hydraulic system.

To ensure that the spring straightens smoothly, an oil shock absorber is used. The design includes a system of special valves, thanks to which oil flows from chamber to chamber. In this way, the speed of operation of the installed closer is regulated, and at the same time the speed of movement of the web. Thanks to a sufficient level of viscosity, the mechanism also ensures silent operation.

Internal structure

Device nodes:

• traction - connects the door and the door closer, with the help of this element the force that a person applies to the door when trying to open it is transmitted;
• rotary axis;
• a cylindrical piston connected to a spring - the unit is driven by a gear, which, in turn, depends on the position of the rotary axis;
• oil valves containing a viscous liquid, which ensures smooth movement of the structure;
• adjusting screw - allows you to set the spring compression power;
• a screw responsible for limiting the opening of the sash.

The operating principle of a door closer is based on the interaction of two main components: a piston with a spring and a valve system. The remaining elements are auxiliary in the circuit and help ensure correct adjustment of the mechanism. Screws are used to control the operation of the closer. Without these elements, the sash will close too slowly or, conversely, quickly, and will also create a noise effect. The design of the door closer, in particular the lever arm and the housing, can be different; on the basis of this, the design is divided into groups.

Types and types of door closers

There are 3 main types of such structures:

1. top;
2. lower, or floor;
3. hidden, or mortise.

In the first case, the mechanism is installed in the upper part of the sash. The second option involves the need to install the product at the bottom of the door leaf, the drive mechanism is mounted on the floor. The hidden, or internal, mechanism remains invisible when looking at the sash. According to their intended purpose, devices are divided into:

• to internal;
• to the street.

The first option is designed for indoor installation, which allows you to extend its service life. Outdoor analogues have a reinforced design, they are better protected from external factors. In addition, there is a closer for sliding doors and mechanisms for swing doors. The first option is equipped with a linear traction, and the canvas will move along the wall. The device for swing doors assumes in the design the presence of a rod capable of changing position. If the canvas is opened, the draft will move in the direction from the load-bearing walls.

Separately, we should consider the closer mechanism for pendulum structures. In this case, it is not possible to use the classic design for swing doors, since the leaf can move in the opposite direction: forward, backward, repeating the movement of the pendulum. This means you need to use an alternative solution. For this reason, in order to control the movements of the door, a hidden or floor-mounted design is provided.

This is a compact design that also works on the basis of hydraulic oil and a cylindrical piston. To regulate the speed of movement of the web, screws are provided, which are located in the inner part of this element of the fittings. Adjustment is carried out using a hex key. This control method is suitable for lightweight options. The weight of the sash should be in the range from 50 to 90 kg, which will allow the installation of 2 such elements. There is a door closer for a metal door and a wooden leaf.

Street

It is often necessary to improve the principle of operation of a canvas located not inside the object, but outside, while the outer element must have a more powerful design. Considering that entrance doors weigh much more than interior doors and are large in size, when choosing, you need to focus on the parameters of the door. If this is not done, the device will not perform its function. Additionally, the operating conditions must be taken into account. So, for example, a door closer must withstand temperatures within the range of -40...+65°C.

Floor-standing

Such designs are similar in principle to the classic design. However, floor-type devices are somewhat different in design: the lever is attached to a spring and a piston, connected to a roller that performs translational movements, and drives the heart-shaped axis. It is advisable to use a mechanism of this type to control the mobility of pendulum doors and leaves, and swing-type door leaves.

Install the closer on a wooden door, products with glass inserts. Despite its small size, it is a universal option that can withstand significant loads. Moreover, floor-standing devices often perform the function of a rotating mechanism. Scope of application: public facilities, shopping centers in which double doors with glass inserts without a frame are installed. It is preferable to mount such mechanisms on the entrance doors.

Hidden door

Devices of this type are presented in two varieties:

1. hinge closers;
2. with sliding rod.

The first option has already been considered. These are elements that are used as a turning mechanism and are responsible for opening/closing the sash. If we are considering door closers with a sliding rod, then in this case we install the device body on the leaf. A sliding rod will be connected to it on one side, and the other will be attached to a groove that is cut with a milling cutter in the door frame.

When you plan to install hidden door mechanisms with a sliding rod, it is important to make sure that there is a gap between the leaf and the frame of sufficient thickness for the draft to pass through it. There are several nuances of such door closer designs:

• small operational resource;
• the need for accurate calculation of the installation location;
• ability to withstand small closing and opening forces;
• Installation options for hidden door closers are limited;
• narrow scope.

Classification by closing force

Closers are divided into several types, differing in force class, which correlates with the inertia of the door leaf. This parameter is influenced by the following characteristics: the mass of the leaf and the length of the arm, which corresponds to the width of the door. The force class is determined by the EN 1154 standard. Taking these parameters into account, the price category of the mechanisms is formed. Classification based on the width of the web and its weight, respectively:

1. EN1: 750 mm, 20 kg;
2. EN2: 850 mm, 40 kg;
3. EN3: 950 mm, 60 kg;
4. EN4: 1100 mm, 80 kg;
5. EN5: 1250 mm, 100 kg;
6. EN6: 1400 mm, 120 kg;
7. EN7: 1600 mm, 160 kg.

The first options are designed for installation on lightweight sashes. For this reason, they are often attached to interior walls. Products of the latest classes are designed for heavy doors.

How to choose the right one

If you need to purchase a door closer, first of all, it is recommended to determine the force class. To do this, you need to know the width of the sash, as well as its mass. Based on these parameters, a product is selected to adjust the forces. Other characteristics:

• door design - for swing and sliding doors it is advisable to purchase various options for door closers;
• features of the mechanism: what parts it consists of (body, rod, etc.), how it works;
• method of installing door closers: located in the upper, lower part or hidden in the door frame, hinges;
• subtleties of the door design - in particular, they take into account the possibility of installing a hidden closer, for which you need to choose a leaf with sufficient clearance between it and the frame;
• adjusting the screws that determine the opening capabilities of the sash and the intensity of the spring pressure;
• operating conditions, for example, for entrance doors the recommended temperature range is -40...+65°C;
• additional functions - in particular, we are talking about the possibility of fixing the sash in the open position at a given angle and adjusting the mechanism to delay closing;
• product design with adjustable draft - now you can choose a door closer that suits your interior;
• number of opening/closing cycles or working life of the mechanism;
• protection against vandalism - helps prevent damage.

DIY adjustment

If you are selecting a door closer, take into account the possibility of changing the position of the screws located on the body:

1. adjustable opening angle: from 90 to 180°;
2. the speed of closing the sash changes;
3. Smooth running is ensured when the specified angle is reached.

The screws are turned clockwise or in the opposite direction. If you need to adjust a mechanical door closer, find the fasteners on the body and turn the screw 1/4 turn to determine how the operation of the leaf changes. Based on the changes, adjustments are made in the right direction.

Installation methods

Depending on the type of construction, the door closer mount is attached in different ways:

• on the surface of the door frame;
• in the floor;
• in the groove of the box;
• closers for sliding doors are hidden in hinges or are linear-type devices that are attached to the door frame (they work on a different principle than their counterparts for swing doors).

When determining the installation method, you need to take into account the characteristics of the door frame and the thickness of the gap between the frame and the leaf. For example, a closer on a plastic door is mounted on the surface of the door frame and connected to the door leaf with a rod.

Possible installation options on the door leaf

The closer body is positioned in several ways:

1. on the canvas, then the rod will be fixed to the door frame or in a groove, which is also cut out in the frame;
2. on the door frame, accordingly, the free end of the rod is located on the leaf.

If you plan to secure the end of the rod in the groove of the door frame, in this case there is only one option for locating the closer body - on the door leaf. The mechanism is always installed on a balcony door in the standard way: the closer body is on the sash, the rod is fixed to the surface of the door frame.

DIY installation features

In accordance with the selected opening force of the blade, the distance between the hinges and the mechanism body is determined. A door closer for a lightweight door must be of class EN1-EN4. For installation, a template on a 1:1 scale is used. It needs to be glued to the door leaf with tape. After this, they proceed to drilling holes for fasteners. The lever that performs the traction function should be divided into 2 elements. After this, one part is installed on the door frame, and the second on the door leaf. Then the elements of the lever are connected and it is adjusted in length.

Repair

If the mechanism is overloaded, which leads to wear, some parts are replaced. Spare parts for the closer are selected taking into account its type. If there is an oil leak, the condition of the housing is assessed; if the defect is small, the gap is closed with sealant. If there is severe deformation, the part is replaced. When the metal of the rod breaks, a welding machine is used. Corrosion is eliminated by cleaning. The bend of the rod is corrected manually, and the shape of this element is restored. The door closer on a glass door, metal or wooden door is repaired in the same way.

An open door causes drafts and heat loss in the room, so it is extremely important to ensure that it is closed in a timely manner. While a simple spring can be installed on a swing leaf, this option is not suitable for coupe-type structures. A way out of the situation could be a sliding door closer, which will ensure smooth closing of the door and allow you to maintain a comfortable microclimate in the interior space.

Operating principle of a sliding door closer

Closers for compartment doors are mechanical devices that prevent sudden collisions of door leaves. Structurally, the product is a metal body that houses a damper, a lever and a piston system. On its outer surface there is a special adapter that has an auxiliary effect on the operation of the closer.

When the sash is closed, the adapter presses on the lever, which causes the damper to operate. As a result, the door slows down, and when the damper reaches its final position, the leaf stops completely. Damping the sliding door closer helps to absorb the applied force, so the door closes without a characteristic knock or forceful impact.

Installation of a sliding door closer can be carried out with a closer in one direction or in both directions. As a rule, the devices are designed for door structures weighing 60–100 kg, made of laminated panels, PVC, veneer, glass, aluminum profiles, solid wood. Most often, they are installed in high-traffic areas, where constant opening and closing of the door leaf leads to a rapid loss of functionality of the entire door system.

Types of door closers

The range of door closers for compartment doors is not as wide as for conventional swing systems, but it is quite enough to choose exactly the option that suits best. The devices differ in the installation method, mechanism design, location on the door, as well as in design, color and price category.

By installation method

Depending on the installation method, there are two types of sliding door closers:

• Overlays - mounted on the outer surface of the door leaf, with most of their components open for access.
• Built-in – installed in the door profile, door frame or floor. In most cases, such products require creating a cutout in the structure using a cutter, into which the housing with the mechanism is inserted.

By location

Different types of door closers for compartment doors can be located in different places in the door system. Based on where the products are mounted, they are divided into two categories:

• Upper – for placement at the top of the door structure.
• Bottom - mounted at the bottom of the door.

According to the operating principle

The operation of all devices is based on a spring design, however, the principle of their operation may vary slightly depending on the structural features of the mechanism. In this regard, the following sliding door closers are distinguished:

• On a standard sliding rod, the lever moves simultaneously with the sash along a special groove.
• “Knee” - the lever has a folding structure and consists of two axes that bend like a knee when the sash turns.
• On the cam - the design has a cam that, when turned, exerts pressure on the spring.
• Toothed - products are equipped with a rack and pinion mechanism that acts on a spring.

Consumers are offered a wide range of additional devices that allow them to ensure full operation and smooth operation of the sliding door. In particular, the catalog of the TBM-Market online store presents high-quality universal rollers with a closer, designed to move the web in two directions.

Advantages of using door closers

The benefits of installing a sliding door closer are beyond doubt. The device promotes soft, silent operation of the blade and provides many advantages in use:

• Protects the door from impacts when closing. Strong pops often lead to mechanical damage to the canvas and disrupt living comfort. If you install such a device, then you don’t have to worry that due to the high application of force, the door will fail prematurely or interfere with the peace of neighbors and household members.
• Guarantees the safety of the door leaf during operation. If the mechanism is adjusted correctly, the door closes softly and smoothly, so no one will get his fingers or clothes pinched.
• Reduces heat loss in the room. Automatic closing of the sash helps retain heat during the cold season and prevents the penetration of drafts. During operation, door closers for compartment doors tightly press the door leaves against the frame, ensuring good sealing of the room.
• Allows you to adjust the speed of movement of the sash. Many models offer assist features such as adjustable speed and selective closing force, allowing you to adjust their operation depending on the season. In particular, in winter they will close faster, minimizing possible heat loss.

Criterias of choice

When planning to purchase a sliding door closer, it is advisable to pay attention to its technical characteristics, which can be found in the attached instructions. Products with incorrectly selected parameters can lead to premature wear of door hardware and significantly reduce the functionality of the door leaf, therefore, when choosing a device, it is recommended to consider the following criteria:

• The type of traction mechanism installed in the housing - as mentioned above, modern manufacturers present to the market door closers with several types of mechanisms, which largely determines the location of their installation. In particular, devices with a standard rod are mounted directly on the door leaf, and devices called “elbow” are mounted on the door frame.
• Door dimensions - the wider and more massive the door leaf, the more powerful you should choose a door closer for compartment doors.
• Temperature conditions - many products operate smoothly in the range of -40...+70 °C, but some models lose their technical properties at low temperatures. For this reason, when purchasing a mechanism for unheated rooms, you need to take into account its operating conditions.
• Installation method - for glass doors it is advisable to buy devices with a floor mounting method; for all others, both floor and top mounting are suitable.
• Design – to ensure that sliding door closers fit perfectly into the overall interior design, it is best to give preference to kits that match the color palette of the door structure.
• Maintainability - if the structure fails, it should be easily replaced with a new one. In the TBM-Market catalog you can find universal sets of rollers with closers, suitable for all types of coupes. Our qualified employees will help with the purchase and organize its delivery in Moscow and the region.

Door closer installation

A regular invoice is easier to install, but a hidden one requires professional skills, dexterity and special tools. In general, to install any product you need to prepare a tape measure, level, drill and screwdriver. Before proceeding with installation, you should mark the holes for fasteners, which are determined from the lower height of the doorway. Further installation involves performing the following actions:

1. In the marked places, holes are drilled using a drill (if a hidden closer is installed, then cuts are made under the body).
2. Before installing the door closer for compartment doors, tighten its carriage (bring it to an erected state).
3. Using a screwdriver, screw the body of the product to the end of the canvas.
4. Similarly, a hook is attached to the upper guide.
5. Adjust the device. There are two screws on the body that are responsible for the speed and force of closing the sash. They are carefully turned until the required door operating parameters are achieved.

If the installation of the mechanism is carried out correctly, the sliding door closer will last a long time and reliably protect the premises from drafts and extraneous noise. Its use will ensure smooth closing of the door and will make operating the compartment more comfortable and easier.