The best construction level according to customer reviews. Construction level What level is needed to build walls

The bubble level is indispensable tool to carry out construction and repair work various types. This device helps create straight lines in any plane, check the required slope or angles. The ancestors of building levels are plumb lines and spirit levels, the functions of which they essentially perform. Levels are indispensable when laying pipes and various surfaces, which are demanding on the angle of inclination. They are used during the installation of equipment that vibrates during operation and is demanding on the evenness of the installation surface. The installation of sewer pipes or steps is also not complete without this tool. Building levels are in the arsenal of any master and are a necessary thing in the household, therefore it is important to know how to choose the right building level.

Bubble level design

The building bubble level is a fairly simple but functional design. It is based on a plank made of hard material, in which a certain number of ampoules with air are installed. Measuring marks are applied to the ampoule, which determine the position of the air inside it. It is this indicator that is the key to the level’s operation. When the bubble is located exactly in the middle, this means that the surface is perfectly flat. To check inclined surfaces, use the air deflection indicator relative to the center of the ampoule.

The main and most important part of the level is an ampoule with liquid in which air floats. If the integrity of this part is compromised, the entire device is considered unusable. The filling of the ampoule is most often industrial alcohol. For ease of use, manufacturers modify the level; some models are equipped with a lens that allows the worker to better see the bubble. To work in the dark, fluorescent additives are added to the liquid, which help to use the device with their glow without additional lighting. In such improved models, the ampoule with all the additives is called an eye.

Shockproof models have become quite popular. While working on a construction site or when transporting a device, unpleasant incidents often occur - falls, shakes, mechanical damage, which disable the level. Long modifications are especially prone to breakage, since their size increases the likelihood of falling and makes the impact force greater than that of models with a short frame. At this level, the construction price is slightly higher than for conventional models. However, buying a shockproof device is still more profitable than regularly replacing damaged ones with new ones.

The foundation is no less important in the entire structure. It consists of wooden, plastic or aluminum strips. Wooden planks are made solid, aluminum or plastic are made hollow. The most common levels are those with an aluminum base. When choosing a device, pay attention to its weight, since the heavier the device, the better its readings. Practitioners distinguish among all modifications the cross-shaped design with rubber handles. They call these levels the most convenient and accurate. To work with metal surfaces It is recommended to use devices equipped with magnets. Another optional but convenient addition is a ruler on the long side of the level. This modification will help out when carrying out measuring work and will eliminate the need to carry a ruler or tape measure.

The simplest and most primitive level model has only one measuring ampoule. But such modifications are quite difficult to find in a modern store. Manufacturers offer a wider range of levels with two or three ampoules. One of the containers is located on the long wide side and is designed to work in a horizontal plane. The second container is located on the narrow short side of the device, perpendicular to the first. It is designed to work in a vertical plane. If there is another container on the bar, then it is also located on the narrow part, but with reverse side. It is attached at an angle of 45°, and the purpose of this ampoule is to control the operation of the device.

Manufacturers offer bubble levels not only in different modifications, but also in different lengths. The shortest standard model has a long part of 20 cm, the longest - 3-4 m. This indicator determines functional purpose level. To install various household appliances and perform simple repair tasks in a private house or apartment, it is enough to use levels small size. When laying tiles or working with various finishing materials of this type, the optimal length is from 40 cm to 1 m. Long construction levels are professional, used when carrying out large construction and repair work. Experts note that the longer the level, the more accurate its readings.

What to look for when buying a bubble level

Building levels are one of the most popular products among manufacturers of cheap and low-quality products. Since this product is used not only by professional builders who know exactly what they need, but also by ordinary people. The technology for making a building level is not so complicated, but it requires precision and use quality materials so that the device works properly. Unfortunately, manufacturers of fakes and low-quality goods take advantage of the ignorance of people unqualified in construction matters and offer low-quality products, the readings of which are not accurate. Trade marks, which have already proven themselves as responsible manufacturers of building levels:

Kapro

Stabila
Ermak
Bosch
Gross Laser
Shark (Israel)
Leader

But, even focusing on these names, it is not always possible to buy a high-quality and durable building level. You need to know some of the nuances of choosing this device, and also be able to determine the required model, so as not to overpay extra money for professional level in the event that it is needed only for small household work.

To begin with, determine the required length of the tool. To do this, determine the goals and objectives that are set for him. For finishing works and when leveling surfaces, you will need a long device. For small ones decorative works- installation of hanging furniture, shelves, switches, paintings will suffice at a small or medium size level. The best option for use in living conditions- level 50-60 cm long.

During selection, carefully inspect all glass elements of the device. We are talking about air containers that perform the main function. First of all, they must be intact and have no traces of mechanical impact. Next, the strength of their fastening is checked; these parts are fixed tightly and should not wobble or unscrew. There are models with the ability to adjust the containers; the presence of this function is a very controversial point. On the one hand, the adjustment allows you to adjust the failed level, on the other hand, it makes the device more vulnerable to shocks and mechanical stress. Professional builders recommend purchasing levels with rigid fixation of all containers.
After inspecting the fixation of the flask, pay attention to the air itself in it and the strips applied to the surface. All these elements should be clearly visible and located close to each other. The best option is the location of the control strips inside the bubble, and not on its outer surface. Since when active use these marks will quickly wear off.
The next important factor is the material of the base of the level. Whether it is made of wood, plastic or metal, it should be heavy and durable. Models with stiffening ribs located inside are optimal. Overall design and external design levels vary for each manufacturer, but this aspect does not affect the accuracy of the device itself.
After an external inspection of the level, it must be checked. Specialized stores should always have a stand for testing the device, which has a perfectly flat surface. But even if there is no such stand, it is not difficult to check the level in any other place. To do this, place it in a horizontal plane and mark the position of the air bubble. Even if it deviates from the center, it’s not scary, since that’s not the point of this test. Then the level is raised, turned 180° and placed exactly in the same place. In this case, the position of the bubble should be at the same mark. If so, then the device is working properly.
The accuracy of reading a flat plane is impossible without the presence of a verified surface. But in this situation, it is enough to save the receipt for the goods and then check the level readings using other instruments. For example, for this they use a level or a laser level, or a bubble level, which has already proven its performance. These checks must be carried out even with branded and expensive items, since during transportation they are often violated specifications and device readings.

How to set up a bubble level

Adjusting the bubble level is only possible if you have a model with unfixed containers. The process of setting the level is quite simple:

Determined by the most flat wall in the room, this area should be at eye level, with the corner located on the left side.

Stepping back about 4 cm from the corner, drive a nail or tighten a self-tapping screw. Do this not completely, but so that 2-3 cm remains on the surface.
The device is placed on one side of the nail and leaned against the wall, and then adjusted so that the air in the container shows a flat surface. A line is drawn along the edge of the level on the wall.
Turn the device over and repeat the procedure.

The correct setting is checked by the drawn lines; if they do not go beyond each other, then the device is functioning properly and its readings are accurate. If the drawn marks diverge, then you must act as follows:

On the right side, where the marks end, mark the central point between them.
The device is placed again on the nail, and the other end is applied to the marked point.
For convenience, screw another screw into the mark or simply hold the level with your hand.
In a fixed position, adjust the container with liquid to the required position.

The container is adjusted in the same way for working in a vertical plane, only the level is pressed against the nail with the long side.

How to use a bubble level

When working with a building level, it is important to remember that this device has a working surface, with which it is applied to the control area. This area features a raw edge or magnetic insert. In some models there is no distinction between the working surface and other edges. If you touch the device with the other side during use, it will not harm it, but the measurement accuracy will decrease. The level is never placed sideways; all measurements made in this way are incorrect, since, in fact, a non-existent surface is being measured.

To work in a horizontal plane, focus on the container on the long side of the level. The device is applied to the surface and a line is marked where the air is exactly in the center of the ampoule. If there is a deviation to the left, then lower the left edge of the frame slightly or raise the right one. The same applies to deviations to the right.

To work in a vertical plane, focus on the container in the narrow edge of the device. For example, if it is necessary to check the quality of the wall finish, then the device is applied to it with the container facing up. If the air is moving away from the wall, there is a convex bump underneath. If the air moves towards the wall, then it is necessary to add a little volume below the level.

LEVEL, -yay, m.

1. Conventional horizontal line or plane that is the boundary height of something. A few minutes later, Zvonarev stood up to his full height, and his head was right at the level of the funnel. Stepanov, Port Arthur. At the same level as the tower, a cloud slowly, lazily crawled. M. Alekseev, Soldiers. || Height of standing water. The sea rose, its level was 9 feet above the levels of the highest tides. Herzen, On earthquakes. This high bank rises fifty fathoms above the level of the Rokhli [river]. Garshin, Bears.

2. what or Which. The stage reached in the development of something, the qualitative state, the degree of this development. Level of technology development. Pre-war production level. The level of well-being of the people. □ If you want to educate the people, raise the level of education in a civilized society. Pisarev, Realists. At consultations, he, Shelestova, is always amazed by his comrades low level knowledge. Chekhov, Intrigue.

3. A device for checking the horizontality of planes and measuring small angles of inclination (in the form of a bar with an ampoule fixed in it, filled with alcohol or ether, with the exception of a small gas bubble); spirit level

Sea level- the position of the free surface of the water of the seas and oceans, measured along a plumb line relative to the conventional origin.
B level with what- in full accordance with smth. The young, vibrant part of society did not stop developing and constantly tried to keep up with modern requirements. Dobrolyubov, Literary trifles of last year.
Be ( or be) at the level- meet, meet the requirements.

Source (printed version): Dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes / RAS, Institute of Linguistics. research; Ed. A. P. Evgenieva. - 4th ed., erased. - M.: Rus. language; Polygraph resources, 1999;

The construction level is an indispensable working tool designed for checking the vertical and horizontal of various surfaces. It is used at all stages of construction, from preparing the foundation to plastering walls and laying flooring.

Types of building levels

There are 5 types of levels that are used in construction and installation work. They are:

Bubble.
Electronic.
Pipe.
Mermen.
Laser.

Each variety has its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice in favor of a separate tool largely depends on the operating conditions and the scale of construction or finishing.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Bubble Level

The bubble level is the most common. Often, in addition to the function of a level, it performs the task of a ruler. Usually the device is a flat rail on which glass flasks with alcohol liquid are fixed. They contain small air bubbles. The central bulb serves to display the horizontal, and the two outermost rulers located across the section show the vertical and 45 degrees. This is the simplest and universal tool. It is used to check the vertical and horizontal, to draw marks, it is used as a ruler and even as a rule. To check horizontal and vertical lines using such a tool, you need to check that the air bubble in the corresponding flask is exactly in the center.

Bubble devices are inexpensive and very common. This level is made from metal profile. On sale you can find levels whose body is made of aluminum or steel. It is better to avoid aluminum devices, since when dropped, their surface bends or the stiffeners are deformed. A bubble tool will be indispensable when laying walls or plastering works. Such levels are used both by professional builders who can afford to purchase a more expensive tool, and by amateurs. This device has an error of approximately 1 mm per meter of length, but this is not so significant.

The length of this level can be very varied. The cheapest are short instruments 30-40 cm long. They are in little demand because they allow you to determine deviations in the level only ideally flat surface. In the same case, if you need to work with a non-ideal plane, on the surface of which there are slight differences along the entire perimeter, you need to use a long level. The most popular are bubble instruments 1 m long. Levels up to 4 m can be found on sale.

Often on work surface level, which is applied to the measured plane, there is permanent magnet. This allows it to be fixed to steel elements such as beams and roofing sheets.

The bubble building level has a number of advantages:

Low cost.
Resistance to mechanical damage.
Versatility.
Easy to use.
Possibility of flask calibration.

The disadvantages of the instrument include its massiveness. This level is difficult to use in small rooms, such as a bathroom or storage room. In this case, you have to choose short instruments that are less accurate.

When purchasing a bubble level, you need to check it. To do this, the instrument is applied to any horizontal surface and the indicator it shows is recorded. Next, you need to rotate the level 180 degrees and compare the new position of the bubble with what it was before. If everything remains the same, then the tool is working as it should, but if the bubble is in a different position, then the level needs to be calibrated, which is accompanied by a number of inconveniences, so it’s better to look for another one. The flask for vertical measurements is also checked in the same way.

Electronic building level

It is practically the same as a bubble one, with the exception that it is equipped with an electronic display on which indicators of the angle of deviation from the norm are displayed. Some instruments have internal memory that stores data.

Such a tool is more expensive, but in some cases it is more preferable. Thanks to its use, it is possible to measure the volume of material that needs to be used to level the horizontal or vertical surface. For this, well-known geometric formulas are used. This device has a sound indication that indicates that the ideal vertical or horizontal has been achieved.

It is worth noting that the electronic building level allows you to obtain measurement data with an error of only 0.1 degrees. The instrument's sensor is not perfect, so the instrument must be tested before purchasing. If the error in the angle of horizontal or vertical tilt in one position in two directions with a difference of 180 degrees is only 0.2 units, then this is a completely suitable tool that you can buy.

Features of the pipe level

The pipe level is also a bubble design, but in unusual shape. Instead of a rail, it is fixed in a small plastic corner at 90 degrees. This tool is designed to check the tilt of pipes and beams. Thanks to its angular shape, such a tool is securely fixed to the surface and allows you to simultaneously control the horizontal and vertical.

The pipe level, although it has a short base, is used on almost ideal planes, such as pipes and beams, and therefore has good accuracy. It is often designed with a magnet so it can work on metal surfaces without support. When purchasing it, you also need to carry out a preliminary check to ensure that the readings of the bubble in the flask correspond to the direction of the instrument. Often the device is tied to the surface being measured using a perforated tape that comes with the kit. The undoubted advantages of such a tool include its compactness and maximum design adaptation for comfortable work with pipes and beams. The only drawback that a pipe level has is that it is not suitable for other work.

Features of hydraulic levels

A water spirit level is used to check the slope of long horizontal surfaces. The device has 2 vessels made in the form of flasks, which are connected to each other by a long flexible hose. Before using the tool, the flasks are fixed in one position at the same level and filled with water. The liquid fills them along with the hose that connects them. Water is poured in until the hose and the flasks themselves are filled to 2/3 of their volume. Next, the flasks need to be closed with special tight lids. The vessels are placed at the ends of the surface to be measured, after which the lids are opened. This device works on the physical principle of connected vessels. Atmospheric pressure equalizes the liquid column in the vessels to the same level. If the water column in the first and second flasks is at the same height, then the horizontal has been reached.

The hydraulic building level is the cheapest. The length of its hose is usually from 5 to 25 m. The cost of the tool depends on the quality of the flasks. When purchasing, you should pay special attention to the material from which they are made and the density of the lids. If they are unreliable, then when filling the instrument with water and stretching the hose to install the flasks along the edges of the surface being measured, liquid may leak out. The disadvantages of this equipment include its limited capabilities. When quickly filling the flasks with water, air bubbles may appear in the hose, which air the system and affect the accuracy of measurements. Often, when storing an instrument in direct sunlight, the transparency of the plastic is lost and it turns yellow.

Advantages and disadvantages of a laser level

A laser building level is also called a level. This professional equipment, which not only allows you to determine the vertical and horizontal, but also illuminates the surface with a laser beam, which allows you to draw on it or immediately navigate along the luminous strip. Such equipment can be fixed in the center of the room, after which its body is leveled using a bubble flask located on its surface. Next, the device turns on, after which the laser beams outline horizontal and vertical lines on the walls. Depending on the power level, the length of the luminous lines can be several tens of meters.

The laser building level is the most advanced. It gives the most accurate indicators and is small in size, while allowing you to work in rooms with a large area and even in very tight closets. With its help, you can detect the slightest deviations on the measured surface. Laser levels are used by professional builders because they significantly speed up the work process. The tool highlights perfectly vertical and horizontal lines, which allows finishing without preliminary drawing. With this level it is easier to lay wall or floor tiles, glue wallpaper, fix frames for plasterboard or suspended ceilings.

The obvious disadvantage of this equipment is its high cost. Those instruments that have more or less affordable price, have low efficiency. Of course, they are accurate, but the laser built into them does not allow illumination of a large room along the entire contour. In daylight, the luminous lines are almost invisible, and the process of setting the level itself before turning it on takes more time.

Regular measurement and meticulous control are the basis of all areas of construction. If an ideal result is needed in finishing or renovation, marking and checking the geometry of the structures must be carried out. A normal owner will not hang a shelf or install washing machine without measuring and control manipulations. They are carried out using building levels used to maintain horizontal and vertical directions. These are devices and devices that vary in complexity, cost, and purpose. For the home handyman you should know which building level is better, what will be useful or may not be needed on the farm.

The ancestors of building levels were a spirit level and a plumb line, used by builders for marking and control since ancient times. A plumb line is used to determine verticals, and a spirit level - horizontals.

The principle of operation of old, simple devices is closely related to the law of universal gravitation. Most main element The simplest devices are a heavy steel blank with a cone-shaped tip. Under the influence of gravity, the metal part steadily moves downward, repeating the vertical line without the slightest error. Actually, the blank is a plumb line that is simply hung on a cord or fishing line if it is necessary to find or check the vertical direction.

In a spirit level, a plumb line is attached to the top of an equilateral triangle or to the highest point of the structure, shaped like an inverted letter T. Its own weight causes the blank to rush down, thereby clearly marking the vertical line. The device is applied with its base to the surface being tested. If the plumb line of the spirit level is not located exactly in the middle, i.e. does not repeat the central axis, then the surface cannot be considered horizontal.,

All types of building levels used today in construction perform similar functions. They are used for marking structures before pouring screed, leveling and plastering walls, before installing plasterboard and suspended ceilings. Marking and checking devices are necessary when producing plumbing and window systems.

According to their functional purpose, representatives of the family of building levels are divided into two groups:

Devices used for control. With their help, they check the quality of masonry, the horizontal and verticality of constructed surfaces, mounted systems, communications, and devices. The control group includes bubble building levels, often called spirit levels after their immediate predecessors.
Devices used for marking. With their help, the position of points relative to horizontals and verticals is determined, and the contours of the created surfaces are drawn. This group includes the simplest water levels, plumb lines, and a more complex and high-precision category - laser devices.

There is no universal building level. For example, in marking, the bubble type is a very weak assistant, although a number of models have rulers with a millimeter scale. Its purpose is to display deviations from the horizontal. There is only one working edge, the other three are auxiliary: there is no point in applying them to any surfaces.

A primitive plumb line can be used for both layout and control, but only for vertical lines. It is best to mark the site laser level. True, the cost makes you think about the advisability of purchasing an expensive device for a single job.

An antediluvian water level is indispensable if you need to mark points at the same height in rooms separated by partitions. Before purchasing these devices and accessories, you should think carefully about the intensity of use and the rationality of costs. You need to weigh what tools you need to purchase and what is cheaper to rent.

In any case, you need to know exactly how to choose a building level and clearly understand the scope of its application.

Bubble building levels

In the name of a simple control device, in addition to the “bubble” definition, “alcohol” or “oil” can equally appear. Depending on the shape of the body, people call them “box-shaped” or “rail-shaped”. It is a bar or rail with built-in ampoules filled mainly with liquid and partly with air.

The case is most often metal, less often plastic, but there are still outdated ones wooden options. Among the body materials, metal is the priority, because... polymers are not heavy enough and resistant to deformation, and wood products require increased attention, regular monitoring of readings and scrupulous care.

Regardless of the name, the operating principle of bubble levels is the same. It is based on the difference specific gravity liquids and gases, as well as the inability of substances with different states of aggregation to mix. Simply put, no matter what position the building level takes, a light air bubble will invariably end up at the top of a vessel slightly curved in the same direction. If it is installed exactly in the middle, then the surface is perfectly horizontal.

The volume of the bubble does not change; this is prevented by the hermetically sealed ampoule-flask. It will not disintegrate into several components, because the liquid will constantly push the air upward and group its scattered molecules into a single formation. To make sure, shake a tightly sealed jar of water. The small bubbles that appear in it will soon disappear, and the distance between the lid and the surface of the liquid will remain the same.

Classification by functional purpose

The number of built-in flasks determines the functionality of the building-level model, because the devices:

With one ampoule in the center of the working edge to search for deviations in the horizontal direction;
With two ampoules: a central flask for checking horizontal lines and a side flask for checking vertical planes and lines;
With three ampoules, two of which, by analogy, are designed to check verticals and horizontals, and the third is used to control inclined lines and planes.

The third variety with three control flasks is universal. However, if the level is purchased only in order to properly fill the screed or, there is no reasoned need for a third control device. It is in demand mainly in the construction of roofs and in the construction of stairs.

The sealed flask is filled with an alcohol or oil solution, the freezing point of which is significantly lower than that of ordinary water. Therefore, it became possible to work with a bubble building level when negative temperatures. Solutions are tinted for brightness of perception. They are distinguished by less fluidity than water, due to which the air bubble in the flask moves with agility sufficient for a calm visual fixation of its position.

Convenience and extras from manufacturers

The building-grade body comes in a regular rectangular or T-section. The shape of the body does not affect the result of the readings at all, but it can be convenient or inconvenient for a particular human hand. Determining the ergonomics of a device is a purely personal matter, but it is advisable to test it before purchasing it. To test for convenience, you simply need to hold the instrument in your hands and compare several options.

Among the options offered by manufacturers to facilitate work with the building level:

A magnifying lens that allows you to read instrument readings without strain;
Introduction of fluorescent components into the liquid to make it possible to read readings in low light conditions;
Rubberized grip-type openings for improved ease of use;
Magnetic inserts on the edge applied to the surface being tested for fixation on metal structures;
Rulers that allow you to simultaneously control geometric parameters while checking verticals and horizontals.

Models of building levels are produced with or without the listed additions. Nevertheless, the main convenience is rightfully recognized as the size of the ampoules, the pleasant brightness of the liquid and the clarity of the scale.

Those wishing to buy a level with useful options should consider using them. They will certainly increase the price of the instrument. Is it reasonable to overpay for something that is absolutely not necessary to solve already set or just planned tasks?

Consideration of application prospects

Rack and pinion control devices are now also available in electronic form, but the demand for conventional bubble ones has not fallen at all. Simplicity is captivating. After all, it has been proven by practice that the simpler the device, the more reliable and longer it serves the owner.

A simple device is easier to learn, maintenance is not difficult, and it almost never requires expensive repairs.

To perform various control operations, levels are produced in lengths from 0.4 m to 2.5 m. Depending on the brand, the spread may be in both directions from the specified limits. When thinking about the question of which construction level of the bubble group is best to choose for domestic needs, you need to focus on your own needs and real prospects.

Please note that devices:

Lengths from 2 m or more are intended for checking the planes of floors and walls, for checking the quality of screeds, and leveling with plaster;
Lengths ranging from 1 to 2 m are used to check evenness brickwork, geometric data of suspended and suspended ceilings;
Lengths ranging from 0.4 to 1 m are suitable for arranging window and doorways, for installing and hanging a variety of household appliances, for performing various finishing and repair operations.

Do not forget that the storage location for building levels over 2 m in length must be taken care of in advance. We remember that the error of long devices is much less than that of their short counterparts.

Noteworthy Aspects

It was not for nothing that the simplicity of the design inspired the counterfeit sculptors with vague thoughts about the possibility of serial production of counterfeits. Checking the documents for products before purchasing will save you from offensive mistakes and from buying “left” devices.

Products from domestic manufacturers must comply with the GOST 9416-83 protocol, devices from foreign manufacturers must comply with ISO 9001 regulations.

In addition to checking the technical documents, the buyer of the bubble building level must:

Thoroughly examine the condition of the main elements of the device - ampoules with liquid;
Decide on the size of the devices and the color of the liquid;
Inspect the fastenings. There are models on sale whose flasks are secured with adjusting screws. Whether they are needed or not is a controversial issue. According to experts, levels should not be adjusted independently. The result of the efforts of ignorant people is too dubious.
Examine the clarity of the metric scale and protractor divisions, if there is an ampoule for monitoring angular directions;
Test ergonomics, i.e. hold in hands;
Examine the condition of the body.
Check the accuracy of the readings.

Most specialized stores have stands with a perfectly horizontal surface.

Let's assume that you are purchasing a level from a newly opened retail outlet or online store. In such situations, the accuracy of the readings of the control device is checked as follows:

Let's find a horizontal platform on which the tested level can freely fit. Without instrumental definitions, it should appear almost flat;
We apply the tool to the surface. Using a marker or pencil, we outline the outline of the corners so that the level can be put back in the same place.
We fix and remember the position of the bubble. We note how much he deviated from the risk.
We turn the level 180º and set it according to the marks made earlier.
We fix the position of the bubble. If he took a similar position, there was no doubt about the accuracy of the device. If not, check a couple more devices.

The ampoule responsible for the verticals is checked using an identical method, but on a vertical plane. There is also a popular method of applying two spirit levels to each other with their working edges. According to this method, the position of the bubbles must be the same, otherwise one of the devices is blatantly lying.

There are also tips according to which, to check the rack and pinion device, a horizontal line is marked with a water level or a laser level, the principle of operation of which should also be studied.

The simplest water level

The device consists of two equal-volume flasks connected to each other by a flexible thin hose. Used in marking horizontal lines if the layout needs to be done in different rooms or over long distances. Those. where the use of a laser level is impossible, unprofitable or pointless.

The principle of operation of an elementary device is based on the law of communicating vessels. The water level in both communicating vessels will always be at the same absolute level, for fixing which on the flasks there are risks.

The use of a water device allows you to correctly mark horizontal lines regardless of the actual position of the surfaces of the floor, ceiling, parapet, etc. No digital device has yet been able to replace it. Note that the water level sets off a reference horizon, from which the heights designated by the project are then laid off. It is not used to directly mark future planes formed suspended ceiling, joists or installation points for plumbing fixtures, etc.

To mark the water level, we will invite an assistant, we will proceed as follows:

We mark an arbitrary point on the wall at a distance from the floor convenient for marking;
We apply one of the flasks to the point, fix and remember at what point the water level is established;
We send an assistant to the desired point. By moving his flask up/down along the wall, he must find a position in which the water level will be at the same level.

Significant advantages of the device: low cost, simple operation and accuracy. Disadvantages: inability to carry out breakdown at subzero temperatures, limited use, need to wait until the level is established in both flasks.

Advanced laser devices

Buying a laser level for use at home is considered unprofitable. Why do you need an expensive device if the markings can be done using a water level and a ruler? However, for owners who have decided to seriously equip their country estates, a laser device will certainly come in handy. It will help to break down open areas and indoor spaces, ensure the accuracy of vertical and horizontal lines, and, if necessary, mark entire planes in the space being processed.

Various models of laser devices are used in construction: from compact pocket devices with a built-in laser pointer to highly complex multi-prism devices that allow marking in three mutually perpendicular planes.

The miniature version is ideal for everyday household needs and cosmetic repairs. To carry out in-depth redevelopment, fundamental leveling of surfaces, and laying pipelines, it is advisable to acquire a serious laser level installed in a stationary position on a tripod or on a wall bracket.

Most lasers used in construction target only verticals and horizontals. Some new modifications are equipped with a function for breaking out inclined lines, required when constructing stairs, for example. Instructions for use are simple; manufacturers include with the device detailed description. Optimal color laser beam is considered green, because it does not irritate the eyes, and is also perfectly readable in a brightly lit room and in an open area in sunny weather.

Videos with a detailed explanation of how to correctly choose the right device will help to finally clarify the issue.

Overview of bubble type devices:

Checking the accuracy of the bubble level:

Analysis of compact laser levels:

Let's summarize. Building level rack type with bubble “sensors” are not used for marking. With its help, the horizon and verticals of constructed and restored structures are checked. The breakdown of the premises and construction site is carried out laser devices. If the laser is not affordable, marking is done with the good old plumb line paired with a water level. There is no universal device; each of them performs its own functions.

Greetings, dear visitors! I've been thinking about a topic for an article for the past couple of days when I received an email from a reader asking me to talk about building levels. And I thought - what a great idea. After all, where is repair without a level?

To date, the level selection is simply epic. From the simplest water ones to digital ones with a built-in laser. What level is needed and for what purposes, as well as by what criteria to choose them - we’ll find out right now.

Construction level: types

The simplest design is an ordinary water level, also known as a hydraulic level. It consists of two plastic, usually cylindrical flasks with a scale, connected to each other by a flexible long hose. The principle of its operation is simple and should be clear to any high school student. It is based on a well-known physical phenomenon - the water level in communicating vessels is always the same.

Using such a device, we can easily mark two points located in the same horizontal plane at a maximum distance equal to the length of the hose. You just need to put marks opposite the boundaries of the water in the flasks.

Such a tool will be indispensable when building a country house, marking ceilings and floors during repairs and similar matters. The lengths of hoses at these levels range from 7 to 25 meters, which is quite a lot. The cost of such a tool, of course, is small, around 150 - 300 rubles.

It is more convenient to work with flasks cylindrical, and with rectangular cross-sections, they are easier to apply to the surface. The diameter of the tube - the larger, the faster the same level is established in both flasks. As a rule, hydraulic levels have a diameter of 6 - 8 mm.

The next class of tools is bubble levels or spirit levels. Most of has a length of 40 - 250 cm. The horizontal and vertical in them is controlled by the position of the air bubble in alcohol, sealed in special transparent flasks. Short spirit levels are needed when laying tiles, installing windows and window sills...

Long – for installing beacons, checking the vertical/horizontal planes and lines, various kinds markings. Oddly enough at first glance, spirit levels can differ in many characteristics, which we will talk about in more detail in the next chapter.

Goniometers and inclinometers are devices that allow you to measure and set angles between planes, and the slopes of planes from the horizontal and vertical, respectively. Such devices may look different. Protractors come in the form of a quarter-circle bulb and in the form of two “rails” connected by a hinge, or whatever it is called.

Basically, inclinometers and inclinometers are digital instruments, that is, they have an LCD display that displays angle values. An inclinometer is also often called an electronic or digital level.

I think that goniometers are needed mainly not by builders, but by carpenters. Inclinometers will also be more useful to them. In finishing, an inclinometer will be in demand only, perhaps, for tile work, and then more for control. Their highest accuracy (usually 0.05 degrees) leaves the tiler no chance for even the smallest hack. And you will most likely go crazy already on the second or third tile))

A colleague of mine, a tiler, recently purchased a Bosch digital inclinometer and confirmed this. But damn, how cool he is, this Bosch.

There are also various avant-garde types of building levels on sale. For example, pipes. Moreover, they are also available in different versions. There are devices in the form of a “clip” that are put on a pipe, there are ordinary bubble devices with a recess for a pipe on the body, and there are generally masterpieces of the avant-garde - “sticks” with five eyes, each of which is set to a certain slope - to make it easier to drain, you know whether.

Laser levels. I already have an article about them, so I’ll keep it short. This is their most technologically advanced type (I mean self-leveling). High accuracy, ease of use, huge time savings when marking. Such devices are divided into two large classes: positional and rotary.

Positional ones do not have any moving mechanisms; as a rule, they produce a classic laser cross or several dots.

Rotary lasers produce one point, but due to the rotating base it quickly moves 360 degrees. Such devices are used, for example, by ceiling craftsmen.

Bubble Level Selection

Of course, the most common home repair tools are bubble tools. So what criteria are the most important when choosing a spirit level?

First you need to decide what work you need it for. The length of the tool will depend on this. If for tiles, then you won’t be able to get by with just one level; you’ll need at least two: a short one (40 or 60 cm) and a long one (200 cm). The short one is used constantly to check the level between adjacent tiles. Long – to control the entire surface of the cladding.

If you intend to assemble structures from gypsum plasterboard, plaster, pour screed, you will definitely need a long spirit level, at least two meters.

The next most important criterion is form.

Often there are levels that have the cross section of a rail. Is not the best choice– such a tool bends very much. Much more powerful than a box-type “stick”. And if they have a stiffening rib inside, then that’s great!

The next point is the device of the flasks.

Extremely important feature. In the store you can see levels, for example, with the following flasks:

In what case do you think the device readings will be more accurate? Of course, in the first one. The smaller the distance from the boundaries of the bubble to the divisions of the flask, the more accurately the deviation can be determined. Remember this. Also pay attention to the sensitivity of the bubble, it greatly depends on the radius of curvature of the flask. To the eye it seems that the flask has the shape of a cylinder, but this is not entirely true, it is slightly curved, otherwise the slightest deviation from the horizon would “carry away” the bubble to the very edge of the flask.

One more thing can be added here. The flask for determining verticality is often inaccessible to good review, because By applying a building level to the wall, we will not be able to look at the readings of the level parallel to it - our head gets in the way. This means that we will not be able to objectively judge the readings of the device. But there are levels in which a special system of mirrors is built in, and the image of the bulb is “displayed” at the rear end of the level, which is extremely convenient. For example, the Israeli Kapro levels of the Plumbsite series have such a system.

Accuracy of "sticks" for professional use– no worse than 0.5 mm per 1 meter of length; for housework, a simpler tool is also suitable, with an error of 1 mm per 1 meter.

Processing work areas. Ideally, they should be processed with a router. This can be understood by the rough surface(s).

The presence of built-in magnets is also a very important addition to any level. You hang it on the profile and calmly adjust it. Other extremely useful features of spirit levels are slots in the body for easy grip and rubberized linings, which often also serve as shock absorbers if the instrument falls.

Rotating and adjustable flasks are controversial advantages. Tools that have manual adjustment available instead of a dead mount are more likely to become misaligned. It’s better to take flasks that are sealed once and for all. The main thing is to carefully check the tool in the store.

The verification procedure is quite simple. First place the level on the table or counter, look at the readings, and remember. Then turn it 180 degrees (but so that it remains in the same place!) and look again. If the position of the bubble is the same, the instrument is not lying. You do the same procedure for the vertical, only you apply it to the wall.

In some spirit levels, the bulb for horizontal control is recessed into the middle. Personally, I find this solution inconvenient, and I do not advise you to purchase such ***. The flask should be on top, period.

Here's a good video about bubble levels:

Well, I told you everything I knew. Do not buy something that is outright cheap, carefully inspect the instrument before purchasing. This concludes the article, thank you for your attention! And don't forget to subscribe for updates.