Poisonous snake and insect bites: what to do? Bites of poisonous snakes and insects First aid for a snake insect bite

In the summer, a person can be bitten by a bee, wasp, bumblebee, snake, or other poisonous insects. The wound from such bites is small and resembles a needle prick, but poison penetrates through it, which, depending on its strength and quantity, either acts first on the area of the body around the bite, or immediately causes general poisoning.

Bites poisonous snakes

Poisonous snake bites are life-threatening. Usually snakes bite a person's leg when he steps on them. Therefore, you should not walk barefoot in places where there are snakes. Snake bites are most dangerous when the venom enters a blood or lymphatic vessel. When poison enters the skin, intoxication increases over 1-4 hours. The toxicity of the poison depends on the type of snake. Cobra venom is the most dangerous for humans. Other things being equal, poisoning is more severe in children and women, as well as in people under the influence of alcohol.

Symptoms of a poisonous snake bite: burning pain at the site of injury, two deep puncture wounds, redness, swelling, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, blisters with fluid, necrotic ulcers, dizziness, nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, tachycardia. After half an hour, the leg can almost double in size. At the same time, signs of general poisoning appear: loss of strength, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure, fainting, collapse.

First aid for poisonous snake bites:

It is necessary to apply a tourniquet or twist above the bitten area to prevent the poison from entering other parts of the body (only for cobra bites for 30-40 minutes);
the bitten limb must be lowered and try to squeeze out the blood containing the poison from the wound;
immediately begin intensive suction of the poison from the wound with your mouth for 10-15 minutes (previously squeeze the fold of skin in the area of the bite and “open” the wound) and spit out the contents; You can pull the blood along with the poison from the wound using a medical jar, glass or shot glass with thick edges. To do this, hold a lit splinter or cotton wool on a stick in a jar (glass or shot glass) for a few seconds and then quickly cover the wound with it;
ensure immobility of the affected limb (splint or fixing bandage); rest in a supine position during transportation to a medical facility; drinking plenty of water;
apply cold (ice pack) to the wound; wash the wound with a 10% solution of potassium permanganate, inject into the wound 0.5% adrenaline, diphenhydramine, 1 ml of 1% solution intramuscularly; 500-1000 units of specific serum intramuscularly, deliver the victim to a medical facility.

Important! You should not suck blood from a wound with your mouth if there may be scratches or broken teeth in the mouth, through which the poison will penetrate into the blood of the person providing assistance. You should not make an incision at the site of the bite, or give alcohol in any form.

Bites of various poisonous insects.

Insect bites (bees, wasps, bumblebees) lead to the appearance of both local symptoms and signs of general poisoning, and can also cause an allergic reaction in the body. Their single bites do not pose any particular danger. If there is a sting left in the wound, it must be carefully removed and a lotion of ammonia with water or a cold compress from a solution of potassium permanganate or just cold water.

Poisonous insect bites are very dangerous. Their venom causes not only severe pain and burning at the site of the bite, but sometimes general poisoning. Symptoms resemble those of snake venom poisoning. In case of severe poisoning by spider venom karakurt Death may occur within 1-2 days.

Symptoms: limited local painful inflammatory reaction: burning sensation, pain, redness, swelling (especially when stung in the face and neck). There are no general toxic effects. Mild: chills, nausea, dizziness, dry mouth. If general toxic phenomena are strongly expressed, this indicates an increased sensitivity of the body to insect poisons and the development of allergic reactions, which can cause death.

First aid for insect bites:

quickly remove the bee sting and squeeze out the poison from the wound;
put cold on the affected area;
moisten, drip galazolin, alcohol, validol into the bite site;
take antihistamines internally: diphenhydramine, suprastin, pipolfen;
hot drink;
if asthmatic syndrome develops, use a pocket inhaler;
with the development of complete asphyxia - tracheotomy;
call an ambulance.

Animal bites and first aid for them.

A person gets rabies from the bite of a rabid dog, cat, fox, wolf or other animal. The bite site usually bleeds slightly. If your arm or leg is bitten, you need to quickly lower it and try to squeeze the blood out of the wound.

Help with a rabid animal bite:

If there is bleeding, the blood should not be stopped for some time. After this, the bite site is washed with boiled water, a clean bandage is applied to the wound and the patient is immediately sent to a medical facility, where the victim is given special vaccinations that will save him from the deadly disease - rabies.

It should also be remembered that you can get rabies not only from the bite of a rabid animal, but also in cases where its saliva gets on scratched skin or mucous membrane.

First aid for a tick bite

A visit to the forest requires preliminary preparation. It is necessary to attend to preventive vaccination in the fall. The first vaccination is done in October-November, the second one in March-April. This measure allows you to minimize the risk of tick-borne encephalitis.

However, vaccination does not prevent tick bites. Therefore, you need to know how to properly provide first aid for a tick bite. If there is such a possibility, then after discovering the attached insect, it is necessary to go to an ambulance station. Specialists will carefully remove the tick and tell you where to take it for analysis. If this is not possible, then first aid for a tick bite is provided on your own.

To do this you need to take the following steps:

To eliminate the risk of infection with tick-borne encephalitis, it is recommended to submit ticks to special laboratories. If a dangerous pathogen is detected, a prophylactic course of taking specific interferons is prescribed. They do not guarantee the absence of symptoms of encephalitis, but they make the course of the disease easier.

Every person should know how to provide first aid for animal, snake, and insect bites, because it may be needed at any time. This becomes especially relevant in the warm season, when snakes wake up and many different insects appear, such as ticks, spiders, wasps, hornets and others. First aid for snake and insect bites is briefly described in this article.

Bites from domestic and wild animals

If a person is bitten by an animal, no matter whether domestic or wild, a bite wound is formed, which is dangerous because there is a risk of:

get tetanus;
if the animal has rabies, become infected with this disease;
due to the fact that there are bacteria in the animal's saliva, the wound may become infected.

If a person is bitten by an animal, the first step is to do the following:

stop the bleeding;
by special means treat the wound;
apply a sterile bandage to the bite site;
Be sure to contact a medical facility.

Medical care is very important in case of an animal bite, especially when bitten by a wild or stray animal. After all, it can suffer from rabies or other diseases. It is less dangerous if the bite was made by a healthy pet that has been vaccinated in advance, and the wound is shallow.

Bee, hornet, wasp, bumblebee stings

The venom of these insects contains active substances. They can cause a severe allergic reaction in some people, which can be quite dangerous.

Symptoms:

a strong feeling appears at the site of the bite painful sensation, the skin at the site of the lesion turns red and swells;
if there are multiple bites, this may be accompanied by vomiting, convulsions, and even loss of consciousness;
an allergic reaction often develops.

If a person is bitten by an insect, the following actions must be taken:

Poisonous snake bite

First aid for bites of poisonous snakes and insects should be provided immediately, since the poison, entering the blood, spreads throughout the body. It is very dangerous for human health and life when a bite is made by a viper, cobra, copperhead, efa or viper. Usually snakes are not the first to attack people; they can bite only if they are somehow disturbed, for example, touched, stepped on, etc.

A person who has been bitten by a snake most often does not know for sure whether it is poisonous or not. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately provide first aid, without waiting for symptoms to appear that the poison has begun to act. The person should be sent immediately to a nearby medical facility where he can receive emergency assistance.

Cobra bite

A cobra bite is very dangerous. In the place where the bite occurred, numbness immediately occurs and you feel strong pain. Such symptoms instantly begin to spread throughout the limb and then throughout the entire body. The initial collapse develops within the first 15-20 minutes after the bite occurs. This then affects the heart, the lungs swell, and late shock occurs. A person develops a staggering gait, which indicates a lack of coordination of movements. Paralysis of the motor muscles of the pharynx, tongue, and extraocular muscles gradually develops, as evidenced by a hoarse voice, difficulty swallowing, and shallow and infrequent breathing. Cardiac arrhythmia appears later than other symptoms.

Viper or copperhead bite

If the bite was made by a copperhead or viper, poisoning with their venom causes rapid development of edema of the injured limb. After 20-40 minutes after a snake bite, the victim begins to show signs of shock: dizziness, nausea, skin become pale, the pulse is weak but frequent, blood pressure drops sharply, and loss of consciousness may occur. At the site where the bite was made, hemorrhage appears, the skin becomes of blue color. Sometimes tissue necrosis occurs. Symptoms of snake venom poisoning become most pronounced at the end of the first day.

Giving help

First aid for snake, insect, and tick bites should be provided immediately after the incident. If you are bitten by one of the poisonous snakes, it is recommended to do the following:

If the bite was made to the upper or lower limb, it is recommended:

5 centimeters above the place where the snake bit, it is necessary to apply a tight bandage;
carry out immobilization;
constantly monitor the place where the bandage is applied, loosen it as swelling of the limb increases;
lay or sit the victim so that the limb with the wound is below the level of the heart;
a person should drink as much water as possible;
if it is not possible to deliver the victim to the hospital within an hour, and his condition worsens, then an injection of a hormonal anti-inflammatory drug must be given.

When bitten by a snake, it is prohibited:

cut or cauterize the bite area;
apply a tourniquet.

Tick bites

These insects are carriers of a dangerous disease - tick-borne encephalitis. If you are bitten by a tick, you need to do the following:

Next, you need to contact a special laboratory with the tick removed, where it will be examined. If it confirms that the insect is infected with the encephalitis virus, emergency prevention of tick-borne encephalitis is carried out in a medical facility.

Scientists note that there are more than 20,000 species of arachnids on our planet. All of them are poisonous, but to varying degrees. Most spiders have venom of low toxicity, and therefore, when biting a person, it does not cause any symptoms of poisoning. In our area, you should only be wary of tarantulas and karakurts (they are also called “black widows”).

The tarantula is a medium-sized spider, approximately 3 centimeters. Sometimes tarantulas can reach 12 centimeters. They can be black or dark brown in color. A feature of this species of spider, by which it is easy to recognize, is its body, completely covered with hairs.

Karakurt is a highly poisonous spider. It has small size, its length is only 2 centimeters. The color is black, with red spots on the belly.

Tarantula bites

The tarantula is much larger than the karakurt, and also, due to its hairiness, looks much more scary than the karakurt. But nevertheless, its bite is not so dangerous for the life of the victim. The bite of this spider is similar to a bee sting. Symptoms include the following:

pain;
the appearance of edema and swelling;
heaviness and lethargy in the body;
desire to sleep.

Symptoms disappear after a few days.

Karakurt bites

Much more dangerous, although it is almost painless and looks like a light injection. Symptoms may only be noticed after a few hours. They are expressed as follows:

First, the skin at the site of the bite turns red and swelling appears. After an hour, the wound begins to hurt very much. The pain gradually spreads to the stomach, lower back, calves, and shoulder blades. It radiates to the soles of the feet and armpits.
The victim feels severe weakness.
My head is spinning.
The face swells.
Nausea appears.
The person has difficulty breathing.
Blood pressure rises sharply.
The pulse is increased.
Body temperature reaches 39-40 degrees.
Some muscles begin to twitch convulsively.
In severe cases, pulmonary edema, convulsions, and coma may occur.

First aid for spider bites

First aid for snake and insect bites (grade 6 - the time when it is studied at school) should be provided immediately:

An adult or child who has been bitten by a spider should make as little movements as possible.
Take painkillers.
Apply something cold to the bite site.
If the bite was made to a limb, bandage it tightly 5 centimeters above the bite.
Administer a hormonal anti-inflammatory drug if it is not possible to send the victim to a medical facility within an hour.

Now you know how to provide first aid for snake and insect bites. In life safety (security classes at school, this is studied already in the 6th grade, but gradually the knowledge is forgotten, so it would not be superfluous to recall it in memory.

Often, insect bites pass with virtually no consequences. In some cases, poisonous insect bites can cause severe complications and death. It is very important to distinguish the symptoms and features of a poisonous bite. When such a bite is detected, you should know how to provide proper first aid for a poisonous insect bite.

An insect bite is a combination of traumatic and allergic damage, as well as a toxic reaction, which is provoked by damage to the epidermis by an insect and its foreign components.

You can get a poisonous insect bite anywhere. This is explained by the fact that various types of insects are distributed over vast areas.

There is a classification of bites depending on the pathological changes they cause in the human body:

When bitten by the same insect, different people will have different reactions. This is explained not only by the characteristics of the insect, but also by the immune reactivity of the human body, the tendency of each individual organism to allergic reactions. Depending on these characteristics, ordinary insect bites can cause very complex allergic reactions in some people.

The bite of any insect leaves a mark on the epidermis in the form of swelling and redness. It is easier to treat an insect bite if the type of biting insect is known. After determining the type of insect, specific measures are taken that help eliminate the consequences of these bites.

Often after an insect bite, inflammation appears around the wound. This is explained by the fact that the body cannot cope with the strong components of insect saliva. A tumor forms around the wound, containing unneutralized particles of saliva inside. Such bumps often appear when bitten by blood-sucking insects (botflies, mosquitoes, flies).

Also, a similar symptom occurs when bitten by a poisonous insect such as a hornet. The lump is formed due to infection entering deep into the skin. The danger of a hornet bite also lies in the fact that some of their species lay larvae inside tissues, where they feed, grow, and mature.

The situation is more complicated with bites that were inflicted unnoticed by an unknown type of insect. In this case, you should observe the clinical manifestations of the bite. The nature of the biting insect can be determined based on the characteristics of the symptoms exhibited.

If there is no worsening of the bite general condition body (fever), treatment can be carried out even at home. If the bitten person gets worse, you should consult a specialist.

First aid for insect bites involves performing the following actions:

Apply cold. It is necessary for vascular contraction. Thus, the absorption of toxic substances into the systemic bloodstream slows down. Cold also slows down the progression of swelling.
It is necessary to press down the bite site and the tissues that surround it.
Apply a lotion and wipe with a semi-alcohol solution.
A material soaked in soda solution is applied to the swollen area or soda paste is applied.
Applying compresses with dimexide. This drug is used in a ratio of 1:3 or 1:4. Heparin, antibiotics, and hydrocortisone can be added to this mixture.
The use of ointments that contain antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory components (Trimistin, Spasatel, Kremgen, Gioksizon).

To relieve itching, the following remedies should be used:

cold;
washing the wound with water and laundry soap;
adding potatoes (grated, chopped);
applying onion leaves;
rubbing boric alcohol;
lotion with soda;
rubbing with vinegar solution;
use of menovazine;
products with menthol;
Fenistil-gel;
applying tea bags, tea tinctures (cold).

Snakes are very common on Earth, in its different regions. The consequences after a bite can be very sad. Snake venom is very toxic, it causes not only paralysis, suppuration, but also death of the bitten person.

Sometimes the moment of the bite itself may go unnoticed; a person will guess about it based on certain symptoms. Depending on the type of snake, after a bite the victim will experience the following symptoms:

Damage to nerve structures by neurotoxins.
The breakdown of blood cells (erythrocytes) when exposed to hemolysin.
Manifestation of toxic effects on the cardiovascular system through cardiotoxin.
Disruption of neuromuscular transmission through an enzyme such as cholinesterase.

Toxins from the saliva of poisonous snakes destroy human tissue. The following local signs indicate the presence of a snake bite:

When bitten by poisonous snakes, wounds appear on the epidermis.
Burning sensation, pain in the bite area.
Swelling around the wound, redness.
The presence of blood discharge from the bitten area.
Formation of bluish spots and blisters around the wounds.

Common features include the following:

muscle pain;
hemorrhages on the epidermis;
diarrhea, vomiting (bloody);
temperature increase;
development of hepatic-renal failure.

Heart dysfunction manifests itself in:

tachycardia;
increased breathing;
chest pain;
lowering blood pressure.

Disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system:

headache;
clouding of consciousness;
decreased vision;
muscle weakness;
facial distortion;
numbness of the body.

Providing first medical care is performed as follows:

Calming the victim. The snake should be removed from the bite site to reduce the amount of venom introduced into the body.
Removing jewelry from a limb. When swelling develops due to jewelry, blood circulation is disrupted.
Identify the snake. If it is impossible to fulfill this point, the patient is carefully monitored.
If the snake is poisonous, medical care provided without delay.
The bitten limb is immobilized.
The poison should be sucked out of the wound. This can be done using a special pear or mouth.
Provide plenty of fluids.
If shock is present, resuscitation measures should be performed.

1. Animal bites.

If the victim was bitten by a healthy domestic dog or cat and the wound is small, then it is washed and a sterile bandage is applied. Extensive wounds are packed with sterile wipes.

If bites are received from an unknown dog or cat or other animal, it is necessary to contact a medical institution, because the bite of rabid animals poses a great danger to life .

2. Snake bites.

According to the mechanism of action, snake venoms are divided into three groups:

- poisons that clot the blood, causing local swelling and tissue death(poisons of the copperhead, common viper, viper, etc.);

- poisons that act on nervous system, causing muscle paralysis, respiratory and cardiac depression(poisons of sea snakes of tropical waters, cobras, etc.);

- poisons that simultaneously act on blood clotting and the nervous system, causing local swelling and tissue death(poisons of Australian adders, rattlesnakes).

When bitten by a cobra or other snakes of this group, pain occurs, a feeling of numbness in the bite area, spreading to the entire limb and body. The victim experiences dizziness, fainting, pain, a feeling of numbness in the face and tongue, and swallowing is impaired. Ascending paralysis develops rapidly, starting with lower limbs(unsteady gait, impossible to stand on your feet, and then complete paralysis).
The rhythm of the heart is disrupted. If the poison enters the blood vessels, then death occurs within 15–20 minutes.

When bitten by snakes of the viper family, deep puncture wounds, redness and swelling are visible at the site of the bite, the skin becomes shiny, becomes purple-bluish, and blisters and ulcers may form. Excitement is typical, followed by weakness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, and shock may develop.

When providing first aid from the very beginning it is necessary to ensure the peace of the victim. Can intensively suck out the poison with your mouth (if there is no wound in the mouth). This can be done by the victim himself or by a stranger. Duration of suction – 10-15 minutes with constant spitting of the contents.

Cauterization of the wound is unacceptable.

Application of a tourniquet is permissible only in case of a cobra bite, but for no more than 30–40 minutes.

3. Insect bites.

Multiple bee and wasp stings can pose a danger to humans, and even more so to a child.

Tissue swelling occurs, the temperature rises, a sharp headache appears, and convulsions are possible.

When providing first aid It is necessary to apply a cold compress to the bite site, give a glass of sweet tea, 1 gram of acetylsalicylic acid, a diphenhydramine tablet to drink, then consult a doctor.

Lesson PlanLife Safety

Lesson topic: First aid for snake and insect bites

Class: 6

The purpose of the lesson: Studying new material and developing skills in behavior when bitten by snakes and insects, providing first aid for snake and insect bites

Lesson form: group, individual. (The lesson is held in the form of an explanatory and illustrative conversation-dialogue with elements of discussion)

Lesson stage

Teacher activities

Student activity

UUD

(Planned results)

I. Organizing time.

II. Statement of the problem, its solution.

Determining the purpose and objectives of the lesson.

III. Main part.

IV. Fzkultminutka. (in the middle of the lesson)

V. Group performance

VI. Reflection

Teacher. Hello guys! Let's check if everyone is present in class today.

Teacher. – In order to determine what we will study in class today. I suggest you solve a small crossword puzzle.

Teacher: And so the key word, what did you get?

Children: Bite!

Teacher: Let's together decide on the goals of our lesson!

Children: In today's lesson we will learn about insect and snake bites!

Teacher. Are we only interested in insect bites?

Children: No, we also need to know how to provide first aid for bites.

Teacher: Yes, you're right, we will learn how to provide first aid for snake and insect bites and at the end of the lesson we will reinforce today's topic with testing.

Teacher: In order to learn how to provide first aid for bites, we need to divide into groups. Using the material (cutting text with PMP, symptoms of a bite, what is prohibited to do when bitten) that you see on the tables, you need to highlight the main thing and draw up reminders according to the following plan: symptoms of a bite, providing first aid. help, which is prohibited in case of bites.

Teacher: You have 10 minutes to complete, after which each group presents its memo.

Finger gymnastics

And our granddaughter has small hands,

And the fingers on the hands are girls and boys.

Fingers live together, they are called by name:

Finger Sasha, finger Masha,

Misha Grisha and Stepan,

Zhenya's finger, Fenya's finger,

Tanya, Vanya and Roman.

These are the fingers -

Girls and boys.

Teacher: And so, you have completed the task, now I ask you to show your notes, but also to explain.

Teacher: Guys, in order to consolidate our topic today and get a grade, I suggest you complete small test. After which you can evaluate for yourself how much you understand the topic of our lesson.

Teacher: Today you have gained new knowledge, thanks to which you will now be able to provide primary care to yourself and your loved ones.

Homework

Students submit a report on those present in class

Students solve a crossword puzzle, write the correct answers on the board (where the crossword is prepared in advance)

Students write down the topic of the lesson in their notebooks.

Students complete tasks on A3 sheets, using various pictures and clippings from the text.

During the defense, students explain why they did what they did. Answer the teacher's questions.

Perform the test

Communicative and personal UUD

Cognitive, communicative UUD

Regulatory communicative and cognitive UUD

Cognitive, regulatory UUD