We plant fruit trees on mountain ash. Grafting of chokeberry in the crown of wild ash

Rowan is valued by breeders as a reliable rootstock option. To its stem or rhizome, you can attach a cutting with a bud of the plant that needs to be propagated.

A plant that is more hardy and resistant to environmental conditions is used as a rootstock to help the main tree produce healthy and juicy fruits. This method of reproduction is called vegetative. You need to know what rowan can be grafted onto and how to do it.

Dignity of the rootstock

You can see this tree in almost every yard. The fruits have healing properties and can be applied in decorative purposes. For what advantages do gardeners use mountain ash as a stock for certain crops?

1. Frost resistance. It is a champion among fruit trees in low temperature endurance. The tree can withstand up to -50 °C. Resistance to diseases and pests.
2. Ground adaptability. Perfect option- dry or medium dry soils: the tree will also be able to adapt to wet ones over time.
3. Weakness. Thanks to this feature, the harvest promises to be early and prolific.
4. Compactness. Relatively small in size, the tree does not take up much space on the site.
5. Neutrality. Use will not affect the taste of the fruit of the grafted tree.

Not every fruit tree is compatible with mountain ash in the growing season. You need to know what plants gardeners graft using such a stock.

Grafting with an apple tree

Often among agronomists the question arises whether it is possible to propagate one of the trees by cuttings of another. Success depends on the type of apple tree in question.

Positive results can be achieved by grafting plum-leaved apple varieties, which are Chinese, to mountain ash. It is frost-resistant, has small fruits. In other cases, the grafted area will die off immediately or later.

Consider what are the advantages of using rowan rootstock for an apple tree:

• acceleration of fruiting - sometimes the farmer collects the 1st crop of apples in 2 years;
• rational use of the territory of the garden and enrichment of the crop by grafting several apple varieties on one mountain ash;
• restoration of a tree with a broken stem.

The success of grafting mountain ash on an apple tree depends on right choice varieties

It is compatible with varieties such as autumn Bellefleur-Chinese and Long. Apple cuttings begin to cook as early as February, but only if the air temperature is at least -10 ° C.

In the midst of spring, sap flow usually begins. To determine it, you need to gently pry the bark of a tree with a sharp object. If it lifts easily, the process has started.

Note that both plants involved in reproduction must be young and healthy. Rowan sapling can be moved from the forest.

Methods for grafting an apple tree with rowan

The most popular methods include crown grafting. Among them are copulation, splitting and crown grafting. The 1st is suitable if the diameter of the mountain ash fits the branch of the apple tree in place of the rootstock. When the branch is slightly thinner, splitting occurs. If the difference is significant, you will have to turn to method 3.

For copulation, you will need a special sharp knife, polyethylene strips and garden pitch. A rowan branch is cut diagonally, then it splits. The processed stalk is cut to 3 buds, the stock is wrapped with a film, the sections are treated with pitch.

When splitting, the rowan branch is cut against the axis and splits into 5 cm. The cuttings are divided into 2 parts. Both need to be connected with a split in such a way that the edges of the bark grow together.

When grafting an apple tree by the bark, you need to cut off the thickest rowan branch. Files are made on the bark, the cuttings are cut obliquely and inserted into the splits. At the end, film processing is required.

Vaccination for pear and chokeberry

These fruit trees grafted on mountain ash less often than apple trees. In vain, because the results are good.

Whole, fresh rowan cuttings with 3 buds are matched to the size of the transverse branch.

The stalk is cut wedge-shaped, and should be as thin and sharp as possible, in close contact with the rootstock. So he can get the maximum of useful substances from the mother tree.

The place of contact is wrapped with electrical tape. The tool for work is pre-sharpened and disinfected.

There is a secret to success: a cutting is taken with blossoming buds, and another tree with those that have begun to bloom. The best time for the process is an evening with cloudy weather. Pear trees grafted with mountain ash bear fruit in 2–3 years, grow small, and delight their owners with a rich harvest for a long time.

Conclusion

The chokeberry has the same virtues as the red chokeberry, but looks like a shrub with strong branches. Growing by stamping helps to shape the chokeberry into a kind of tree.

Practices of grafting pear, rowan and chokeberry are infrequent, but do occur. A plant is formed with a stem of 75–100 cm. Trees after such a stock are early, prolific and beautiful.

Rowan grafting is successfully practiced experienced gardeners to propagate fruit trees. Following the recommendations, you can get a rich harvest.

The pear is the second most popular fruit tree among our gardeners. There is it in almost every garden. Its disadvantage is that it grows very quickly.

pear seedlings different varieties planted on small plot, over time, all other crops will be closed from the sun. To maximize the rational use of the garden area, you can use the grafting method of cultivation. Then you can get a variety of varieties and save space, since the trees are quite compact.

In addition, it often happens that by visiting a seedling nursery and buying good variety, the gardener does not get any result, since the plant dies. The fact is that the pear absolutely does not tolerate waterlogged soils. If the level ground water on the site is too high, it is also worth trying to graft a pear to another fruit and berry crop that is more stable in this regard.

Vaccination can be done to chokeberry or ordinary mountain ash, shadberry, hawthorn, quince, undersized apple tree. So, let's see how to graft a pear to a mountain ash. This is not too difficult to do, but the process requires some accuracy. A pear, unlike an apple tree, generally tolerates vaccination very well.

First of all, of course, you need to plant the mountain ash itself. Vaccination is done in the second year of its growth. This is the most optimal time. You can, of course, think about how to graft a pear to an adult tree, but in this case the probability of a positive result is lower. As a starting material, you can use both wild and. As for the pear, its variety can be almost any. These two plants are very compatible with each other. If the pear variety is not suitable for grafting on mountain ash, an intermediate method is used, when a compatible cutting is first grafted, and then, already on it, the one that is needed.

Either you need to get started in early spring, or in the second half of summer, during the period of secondary sap flow. The pear stalk is grafted using the splitting method at a height of about 20 cm from the root neck of the mountain ash. The thickness of its stem in this place should be at least 6-9 mm. When deciding how to graft a pear to an adult tree, you need to choose healthy, well-leafed branches.

Finally, some helpful tips:

• In the resulting mixed crown, at least 25% of rowan branches are left.
• Since the pear trunk is thicker than the mountain ash trunk, over time, an influx forms at the grafting site. In strong winds, the tree can break. To remedy the situation, in the second year, young rowan seedlings are planted next to it and grafted onto the pear trunk using the ablactation method. The result is a very interesting octopus tree.
• For the normal development of the pear, cross-pollination is necessary. Therefore, at least three different varieties of this fruit tree should grow on the site.
• The disadvantage of grafting a pear on a mountain ash can be considered to be that the latter reacts very poorly to a lack of moisture. At the same time, in dry years, the fruits can change their taste qualities not in better side. In this case, you need to water the resulting tree well.

So, we considered the question of how to plant a pear on a mountain ash. As you can see, the process is not complicated, but it has some nuances. With a certain degree of accuracy, growing a pear in this way is not difficult.

Tree grafting technology allows gardeners to independently breed new varieties, grow trees that grow different fruits. Vaccinations in progress different ways and require strict adherence to technology (otherwise you simply will not achieve the desired results). Work can be carried out using root shoots, seedlings. The availability of materials makes it possible to grow a large number of rootstocks for vaccination at the same time. The main thing is to be patient, since the seeds planted in the spring of the desired age reach at least a year later. You can use different vaccination methods.

Breeding experiments by Michurin and Yakovlev and results

Breeders have repeatedly attempted interfamily vaccinations and achieved good results. At the beginning of the 20th century, L. Daniel grafted roses on oak, grapes on roses, and spruce on linden. In the 1920s, Michurin and Yakovlev tried to plant lemon cuttings on a pear tree. The reverse grafting showed that the grown stalk acquires the properties of a rootstock - the pears stopped shedding foliage for the winter. Since apple and pear trees belong to the same family, the trees are viable and tolerate winters normally. Apple trees with lemons need to be crossed and grown in greenhouse conditions.

The desire to improve different cultures and curiosity have become main reason appearance of southern varieties of apple trees on winter-hardy rootstocks.

What can be vaccinated

Best of all, apple tree cuttings take root on apple trees, but this does not mean that you cannot use other rootstocks during experiments.

The closest group of plants on which it is possible to carry out appropriate work is pome.

From a genetic point of view, fruit crops are similar to an apple tree, so survival rates are high. Vaccinations on berry trees are considered successful. Combination occurs without difficulty, but vaccinations also have certain limitations and features.

To the apple tree

It is best to cross apple trees with apple trees, the main thing is to take into account the characteristics of the varieties (they may be incompatible). Grafting is best done with scion and rootstock of the same variety, but the need for appropriate work is low (they are suitable for propagating local varieties, renewing old crops). You can try to plant several shoots on a live stump from an old apple tree - in this case, it makes sense to use either for the bark.

The update will be more successful if the cutting is grafted onto one of the skeletal branches.

To propagate a local variety, it is enough to sow the seeds, and the seedlings will grow by themselves. Vaccination is carried out to accelerate fruiting by about two times. Nurseries most often use vaccinations, in other cases this method of achieving varietal identity is unjustified.

Antonovka seedlings are a universal stock for all cultivars.

To the wild

Often, cultivars of apple trees are grafted onto small-fruited ones - this is a wild game, that is, Chinese and ranetki. Cuttings of southern varieties on wild winter well in the northern and central latitudes. Please note that some large-fruited varieties of apple trees are not compatible with wild game - these are Borovinka, Grushovka and others.

Small fruits are small in stature and reduce the height of tall apple trees with a stock.

Selections are easy to care for, compact, do not present difficulties in harvesting. Not every wild game is suitable for vaccination - the variety should be selected according to a number of indicators.

On a plum

Plum, subject to all growing conditions, begins to bear fruit only after 8 years or more. You can speed up the process by grafting apple trees onto a three-year-old seedling - in this case, the fruits will appear a couple of years after the procedure. Grafting improves the properties of the base variety, increases the taste characteristics of the fruit. It may be the only way to save a favorite variety of plum or apple tree - for example, as a result of rodent damage, burns, improper care it is impossible to save a tree, but it is quite possible to save a variety using cuttings.

On rowan

Rowan - small decorative tree, which grows in all regions of Russia. It gives healing fruits, is a honey plant, and can be used as a rootstock for apple trees and a number of other crops. Apple trees on mountain ash do not take root very well, but gardeners are constantly trying to improve this technique.

The main advantage of mountain ash is frost resistance.

The culture normally withstands frosts down to -50 degrees. The second advantage is undemanding to the types of soil used for cultivation. Rowan is used as a low-growing rootstock, which guarantees abundant early harvests. Since the tree has small dimensions, it is possible to plan the land area of ​​the site with maximum accuracy. Grafting apple trees on mountain ash usually does not affect the tasting characteristics of the fruit.

On the hawthorn

Hawthorn is a very valuable stock. It has strong wood, good frost resistance, due to the strong root system is not afraid of drought. Hedge from this plant will reliably protect country cottage area or the estate from uninvited guests. You can cut beautiful shapes from shrubs - a ball, a triangle, etc. Harvesting and sowing hawthorn seeds should be done at the end of August, when the fruits begin to turn brown little by little - you can get seedlings from such seeds next spring.

He will tell you about growing apple trees from seeds at home.

The seeds collected and sown in October will sprout only a year later.

Apple and quince, grafted onto hawthorn, take root normally, but poor growth may also form, small fruits with tasteless pulp.

On a pear

The apple tree on the pear takes root well and gives high yields. This procedure is most often carried out by owners of small gardens who want to grow maximum amount varieties in confined spaces. Use grafts with 2-3 buds, make the bottom cut oblique and the top straight. Make sure that the cutting and the branch to which it is grafted are approximately the same thickness - this will allow you to accurately align the cambium.

If the cambium docking is not very good, the cutting will not have enough juice to live.

The connection area is tightly wrapped with tape, the cut of the handle at the top is processed with garden pitch and blue vitriol. Cuttings that were grafted near the base of a branch or branch do not form dense wood, so it is advisable to place the first grafted cutting at a distance of at least 45 cm from the base of a large knot or trunk. The survival rate of a correctly made vaccination is quite high and ranges from 80%. In the third year after engraftment, the branches begin to bear fruit.

About application iron sulphate for apple trees in spring, read at.

To the birch

Fruit trees are grafted onto birch, but the results of such experiments rarely live up to expectations. When cross-grafting, remember that the results of such multiplications are short-lived - in comparison with crops that were obtained from a single variety. For tying the grafting material, be sure to use threads or lime washcloth, durable films, and compress oilcloth. After tying the grafting, the oilcloth is not weakened, since it itself stretches as the plant grows, and then bursts.

1. Choose healthy young trees - up to 15 years for pears, up to 20 for apple trees, up to 12 for plums. How younger tree- the better the vaccination will go.
2. Varieties that finish the growing season late are not grafted to early ripening ones. Summer root to summer, winter to winter, autumn, summer, autumn to summer and autumn. Read about the growing season of the apple tree.
3. Be sure to consider the compatibility of varieties.
4. Before vaccination, carry out sanitary and anti-aging.
5. The diameter of the grafted branches should not exceed 8-10 cm, the branches growing inside the crown are left, the skeletal ones are grafted at a distance of 100 cm from the trunk or a little less.
6. On the grafted cuttings, the kidneys should sleep. Before starting work, the material cut in advance is immersed in water for a couple of hours.
7. Grafted trees should be watered regularly, otherwise the movement of juices in the crown will end early, and the grafts will not take root.
8. In order for the grafted branch to bear fruit well, choose the length of the cutting correctly (the apple tree should have about 6-8 buds).

You can transplant a tree for a rootstock, but in this case it will take time for it to take root. For cultivation dwarf trees the rootstock is used aronia, for pears game or quince. Rootstocks should be taken young and healthy - a weakened, diseased tree will grow, but the main forces will be spent on restoration, and not splicing.

About pruning dwarf apple trees read .

Video

This video will tell you when and how to properly cut tops on fruit trees.

conclusions

1. Vaccinations serve different purposes. To get maximum yields in the future, root an apple tree on an apple tree.
2. All possible combinations for apple trees - an apple tree of a different variety, plum, pear, mountain ash, hawthorn, birch.
3. To achieve maximum results, follow the technology, the timing of the work. Choose young and healthy, because they grow best and do not waste energy on recovery, recovery.
4. The compatibility of varieties during the procedure must be taken into account - the same apple trees do not always take root well with each other.
5. In interspecific crosses, the survival rate is usually worse than in intraspecific ones. Grafting of a similar variety is done in order to rejuvenate the tree, to preserve a non-viable culture.

Blackthorn and sandy cherries. Seedlings from seeds of local forms of ungrafted apricots, the so-called poles, are more winter-hardy than those grown from seeds of cultivated varieties. Cherry plum as a rootstock is best used in cases where you are going to grow apricots on moist loamy soils. Under these conditions, its trees grow better and bear fruit precisely on the rootstocks of cherry plum than on poles.

Quince ordinary- seedlings of varieties and forms of common quince, the most winter-hardy in the area, are used as rootstocks.

Japanese quince (Chenomeles) - best forms genomeles are grafted onto stocks of common quince, pear, shadberry, hawthorn.

Aronia (chokeberry)- sometimes it is grafted on mountain ash, forming plants with a bole height of 80-100 cm. The resulting trees are very decorative, bear fruit earlier and are very productive.

Choice Forms hawthorn graft on seedlings of winter-hardy plant species of this species, such as blood-red, soft, etc.

black elderberry- its selected forms or varieties are also grafted onto seedlings of local, most winter-hardy forms of black elderberry.

Common cherry- seedlings of local sour cherry varieties Vladimirskaya serve as rootstocks for its varieties. Lyubskaya, wild cherries, as well as the currently existing bedbugs - vegetatively propagating rootstocks of the VP-1 type, etc.

Felt cherry - it can be grafted onto Ussuri plum, blackthorn, cherry plum, apricot. Vaccinations for common sour cherries, steppe sour cherries and sweet cherries fail because of their incompatibility.

Pear- Seedlings of local forms of forest pear, as well as varieties such as Tonkovetka, Limonka, Aleksandrovka, Vishnevka, which have good winter hardiness and compatibility with other more valuable varieties, are used as rootstocks. To obtain low-growing trees, you can use a medium-sized clonal rootstock of quince A, and quince C. Practice shows that plants of other species are also suitable as low-growing rootstocks for pears, such as shadberry or round-leaved, chokeberry, brilliant cotoneaster, Japanese quince, mountain ash and others. However, pear cultivation on these rootstocks is in most cases problematic due to the poor growth of many pear cultivars with them and the fragility of grafted trees.

Selected forms and large-fruited species irgi grafted on irga round-leaved, spiked or hawthorn.

viburnum- cuttings and eyes of varietal viburnum can be grafted into the crown on seedlings of common viburnum.

Dogwood- Seedlings of cultivars or wild-growing dogwood are used as rootstocks.

Gooseberry can be grafted onto seedlings, root offspring or 1-2 year old seedlings golden currant and grown in standard culture. Gooseberry varieties grafted onto golden currants are characterized by increased drought resistance, vigorous growth and productivity.

Varietal cuttings sea ​​buckthorn can be grafted on 1-2-year-old seedlings of this crop or in the crown wild plants. In the event of the death of a varietal female or male plant and in order to save land area, the cuttings of the female specimen can be grafted into the crown of the male and vice versa.

walnut - varieties and the most valuable selected forms are propagated by grafting. As a stock, walnut seedlings are used, less often black walnut, Manchurian walnut is also suitable.

Rowan garden- varietal mountain ash is grafted onto seedlings or into the crown mountain ash .

Plum- for this crop as rootstocks are most often used

Blackthorn and sandy cherries. Seedlings from seeds of local forms of ungrafted apricots, the so-called poles, are more winter-hardy than those grown from seeds of cultivated varieties. Cherry plum as a rootstock is best used in cases where you are going to grow apricots on moist loamy soils. Under these conditions, its trees grow better and bear fruit precisely on the rootstocks of cherry plum than on poles.

Quince ordinary- seedlings of varieties and forms of common quince, the most winter-hardy in the area, are used as rootstocks.

Japanese quince (Chenomeles)- the best forms of chaenomeles are grafted onto stocks of common quince, pear, shadberry, hawthorn.

viburnum- cuttings and eyes of varietal viburnum can be grafted into the crown on seedlings of common viburnum.

Dogwood- Seedlings of cultivars or wild-growing dogwood are used as rootstocks.

Plum- for this crop, seedlings of local forms of cherry plum are most often used as rootstocks, less often of local red plum. Can be used for this purpose