Almost every gardener sooner or later asks himself the question of how and when to spray trees in his country garden.
Naturally, working in your orchard and caring for trees, you would like to receive gratitude for your work in the form of a good harvest.
But if you do not fight diseases of fruit trees and their pests, the fruits will be damaged and your efforts will be in vain.
Caring for the safety of the future harvest and the orchard starts from early spring throughout the summer and until late autumn.
One of the types of caring for trees and shrubs is spraying them. This procedure helps gardeners get rid of many pests: caterpillars, ringed silkworms, aphids, flower beetles, scab, hawthorn, powdery mildew and etc.
When to spray trees
Trees in the garden at the dacha and shrubs are sprayed at least three times per season: in early spring the treatment is carried out against pests, many of which survived the winter safely, the second during the appearance of leaves, to destroy awakening pests, and the third after flowering, again against pests .
Although, ideally, trees should be sprayed 2 times a month, because this is the average time the solution lasts, unless, of course, there have been heavy rains.
But we should not forget that spraying of fruit trees and shrubs should be stopped 3 weeks before harvesting, and in general it is better not to use chemicals on mature fruits.
It is advisable to spray shrubs less often; for example, raspberries on which the ovary has appeared are not sprayed at all. Trees and shrubs should be sprayed in dry and preferably calm weather, in the evening.
How to spray trees correctly
To prepare for spraying, the trunk is cleaned with a brush to remove moss and lichens. This operation helps the formation of young shoots and is useful for the general revitalization of tree growth.
You can spray as manual device, and an automated sprayer. Spray the entire tree right up to the top.
To properly spray trees in the countryside so that the product falls in fine dew, the sprayer tip must be kept at a distance of 75 cm from the leaves and other parts of the tree.
The jet from the apparatus is directed to the center of each large branch in order to achieve maximum effect processing.
It would also not be bad if the neighbors in the dacha also treated their trees and shrubs. In this case, the efficiency of your work will increase several times.
In order to harvest a full harvest of beautiful and whole fruits in the fall, you need to take care of the trees and shrubs in the spring. It is necessary to treat and spray them against various pests and diseases.
You need to spray all fruit trees and shrubs without exception. This procedure is carried out in dry, windless weather at a time when the buds are swollen and the leaves are about to bloom. It is better to spray in the morning or evening when there is no sun.
How to treat garden trees in spring
There is now a large selection of chemical, combined and biological products for garden treatment on sale. This is the well-known copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, Abiga-Pik emulsion, etc. How to spray is up to you. Let us only note that:
- Chemical preparations are convenient because they quickly dissolve in water and have convenient packaging. Their decay period ranges from several days to 3 weeks.
- Combined preparations help to kill several types of pests in one spraying. No re-processing required.
- Biological products do not contain any chemicals; they are produced on the basis of various microorganisms and bacteria. There is no harm from them to humans, but the trees will need to be re-treated.
Spraying trees and shrubs with copper sulfate
The most common and inexpensive spraying agent is a solution copper sulfate. But just because its cost is low, its effectiveness does not decrease. Copper sulfate is diluted in the following proportion: 100 g of powder per 10 liters of water. This solution helps to get rid of not only pests, but also cytosporosis, brown leaf spot, fruit rot, scab, black cancer, leaf curl, septosporosis, etc.
Spraying with colloidal sulfur (at temperatures above 18 degrees) or Neoron works well against ticks and larvae that have overwintered in the bark.
Installing hunting belts on the trunks based on “Alt”, “Vo-Vlip”, or “Clean House” glue will help against weevils. For the honey beetle, leaf roller, moths and aphids, apple flower beetle, it is necessary to spray with the preparations Kinmiks, Inta-VIR, Fastak, Karate,
Bordeaux mixture (1%) or the drug "Abiga-Peak" (0.4%) are used for trees and shrubs with different terms awakening of the buds, as well as during the growing season.
Treatment of apple and pear trees from diseases and pests
In early spring, before the buds swell, 5% iron sulfate is used to combat fungal diseases, mosses and lichens.
During the period of kidney swelling and in the green cone stage (when the buds begin to bloom), apple and pear trees can be treated against scab and leaf spots with Azophos, Strobi or 3% Bordeaux mixture.
When the buds begin to bloom on fruit trees, they can be sprayed against aphids, pear worms, mites, leaf rollers, flower beetles with Bi-58, Binom, Ditox, Lepidocid, 30 plus, Bitoxibacillin, Fufanon, Sumitsin, Alterr.
When the buds turn pink treat fruit trees against scab and leaf spots with Skor or Fundazol. And for pests of these trees, use Novaktion, Pirimix or Fufanon - these are the same effective drugs at this stage.
How can trees be treated after flowering?. For scab, spraying with 1% Bordeaux mixture, as well as with Strobi, Fundazol, Skor, Cumulus or Rayok, is suitable. For pests such as apple moth, leaf roller, aphid, and winter moth, use Decis or Fitoverm products. Decis or Apollo will help against gall mites. And for the sawfly, Karbofos, Kemifos, Fufanon or Novaktion will be effective.
For convenience, here is a table of when and how to treat trees against pests and diseases. If you adhere to this processing schedule, then your trees in the country will always be healthy and your fruits will be free from pests.
Processing plums, apricots, cherry plums in spring
Before the buds open these garden trees against moss, lichens, fungal infections, we recommend spraying 3% iron sulfate. For scale insects, aphids and mites, use spraying with the preparation “30 plus”.
At the beginning of bud break(green cone) for diseases such as clasterosporiosis and monilial burn, spray stone fruit trees with 3% Bordeaux mixture or a solution of the drug Abiga-Peak. The “30 plus” product will help against pests at this stage.
When protruding buds (“white bud”) from aphids and mites, you can use Karate, Fufanon and Novaktion. At this moment, trees can be sprayed against diseases with 1% Bordeaux mixture or diluted with Abiga-Pik and sprayed with it.
At the stage of bud separation, the trees are treated against the sawfly with Fufanon, Novaktion and Fastak.
Spraying cherries in spring
In early spring, still before the buds swell, it is advisable to spray the cherries with a 3% solution of iron sulfate against diseases and the preparation “30 plus” against pests.
When the buds are starting to bloom, against diseases on stone fruit trees, spraying with 3% Bordeaux mixture or Abiga-Peak solution is used. At the same time, it is advisable to spray the cherries against a pest such as cherry moth. Effective drugs are Lepidocid, Novaktion, Sumition or Fufanon.
On the stage extension of buds It is safe to spray cherries with 1% Bordeaux mixture against diseases. For various pests you can use Karate, Fufanon.
When separating buds, spraying trees against sawfly with Novaktion and Fufanon is used.
Spraying solutions are prepared immediately before use.
This treatment is carried out using a special sprayer or hand pump. The solution should get onto the trunk and all branches. If the trees are tall, it is necessary to lengthen the hose so that the solution reaches even the very top. You need to spray so that the solution falls on the surface to be treated in the form of small drops of dew. To do this, keep the tip of the device at a distance of at least 70 cm from the plant.
Spraying trees and shrubs in spring, video
The video discusses the spring treatment of the garden with carbamide (urea).
Interesting on the topic:
What do you use to treat trees and shrubs in the spring? Please share this in the comments. What drugs and products are most effective in controlling diseases and pests on garden trees and shrubs?
Do you use copper sulfate to spray your garden? What biological agents do you think will help protect the garden from pests and diseases?
Repeated spraying of fruit trees after flowering, in fact, as before flowering, and in early dates even before the resumption of the growing season, taking into account all factors, an extremely necessary measure. There are a whole horde of garden pests, and each has its own taste preferences, its own biology of development, and favorable or not weather conditions during the year are a plus for the formation of their numbers.
Sooner or later, every gardener begins to protect his garden from uninvited guests. It often happens that you are waiting with anticipation for good harvests of fruits and berries, watching their lush flowering in the spring. And the time comes, and, it would seem, recently hung small green fruits of plums, apple trees, pears, cherries, suddenly appear on the ground, infusion. Why is that? After all, all pest control treatments have been carried out? Probably bad drugs, most likely a fake - such a conclusion is most often heard. But no, that's not the point! Even using high-quality poisons, you can get the same result. In addition, fruit trees will be fertilized in the spring.
It's all about the timing and multiplicity of culture treatments, in the phases of its development at that time, the period of the protective effect of the drug itself, as well as the biology of the harmful object, to be more precise, its stages of development, weather conditions. So, for example, fruiting apple codling moth is vulnerable in the butterfly stage, before laying eggs. If you skip this moment, and it lasts only 3-7 days while the butterfly lays its eggs, further processing of the apple tree will simply be meaningless, by any means of protection. Upon leaving the laid eggs, the caterpillar gnaws through the shell of the fruit that has set, penetrates into the pulp and settles in the center near the seeds. Here no poison can reach her, she is completely safe. In addition, this pest gives several generations in spring and summer and acts as a thunderstorm in the garden until harvesting.
What to spray and when?
Proper garden care is a guarantee of a high-quality harvest. Fruit trees also need care, watering, pruning, top dressing, chemical treatments, like any other crop in our garden. Let's figure out what, how and when to spray trees is most effective.
Plant protection products against pests can be:
Chemical. Very effective, give a quick effect, last protective screen up to 2-3 weeks. They can be either narrowly targeted or broad-spectrum. They can be processed only strictly adhering to the preparation instructions and dosages for each specific crop and harmful object. But the timing of the release of the pest from the shelters in which they wintered is different every year. And they depend directly on weather conditions. So, if spring is warm, then the awakening of fruit trees and their eternal companions will come earlier; if it's cold, then later.
Biological. They differ from the former in the nature of the content of the active substance. That is, these are, as a rule, temporarily inactive strains of groups of microorganisms. Activation of which occurs when dissolved in water and sprayed on fruit trees. These can also be insects - predators that destroy the population of a harmful object (for example, ladybug protects the garden from aphids by eating them). Ferromone traps are very effective against codling moths, moths, etc.
Combined. This means of spraying trees is interesting because both a chemical and a biological preparation can work simultaneously. As a rule, one of the components contains an anti-acaricidal active substance (against ticks). Plum, apple, and pear trees are very strongly affected by the mite. Getting rid of aphids will also be a pleasant bonus, but this is due to another active ingredient. Such drugs may not require repeated use. To sort through the sea of information related to this, you may need the help of specialists. Sometimes, if the territories and technical capabilities do not allow one to cope with the volumes, then one has to resort to the help of special organizations offering their services in this area.
So, in the conditions of the Moscow region, the following companies are engaged in spraying trees in the spring and throughout the season: LLC “Royal Nursery of Ornamental Gardens”, “Vash-Garden”, “Garden Treatment” Company, and a number of others.
At home, on your own, spraying trees in the spring can also be done very well on your own. Let's take a closer look. First with the main one - this is the time of spraying.
You should start spraying trees in the spring only when the average daily air temperature reaches + 5ºC.
By this time the buds will begin to swell and fill up. Usually, in middle lane, it's the month of March and time is first spring treatment from pests.
Having previously cleared the wood of old bark and lichens wire brush. A good half of harmful objects overwinter in the foliage under trees. Therefore, the leaf must be collected and burned, and the soil underneath it must be treated with the same insecticide solution. It is better to use effective means of protection at this time: against diseases (fruit rot, scab, rust, etc.) - Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate, cuproxate; from pests (from apple blossom beetle) - Aktara, etc.
Protect tree trunks with catching belts, at a level of half a meter from the ground, after whitening them.
When working with poisons, you must protect yourself with personal protective equipment: respiratory mask, rubber gloves, long sleeves, pants, closed shoes.
During spraying, strictly monitor the quality of work, thoroughly wetting and moistening the surface of the trunk and branches, as well as the ground beneath them, with the solution. From folk ways During this period, ready-made fermented solutions from jam, kvass, and compote are used. Pour into bottles and hang on branches. They work like trapping belts - they lure and destroy.
When the green cone stage appears, spray fruit trees with solutions of the same preparations.
For aphids, most likely, you will have to carry out another treatment - on young leaves. And then, during the season, after flowering, the treatment must be repeated more than once, since it gives more than one generation, in addition, it is carried by ants, so after applying poison, it can appear again and again, especially on very hot days, in the heat of the day . Therefore, it is quite difficult to get rid of aphids. Her favorite crops are pears and plums.
There is a wide choice of aphid preparations on the plant protection market today. It is not recommended to use poisons during the flowering period. The main reason is the flight of bees and other pollinating insects, for which they can be fatal. And without pollination, there will be no fruit. In this case, it is better to warn.
If last year the degree of infection of leaves and fruits with scab, moniliosis, rust, coccomycosis, codling moth, leaf roller, and other diseases and pests was high, then treatment this season is mandatory.
Spraying fruit trees after flowering
This is the most golden time. Moreover, you will have to treat the garden from pests and diseases later and further. The last time - a month before harvesting, no later (we owe this precisely to the codling moth and leaf roller, scab); You may have to work against aphids on pears and plums if the summer stays hot for a long time.
In this case, you can combine treatments against these types of pests and use poisons: danadim, zolon, summetion, fufanon, karbofos, kinmiks, insegar, karate zeon, calypso, etc.
At later stages, it is better to use biological drugs: fitoverm, lepidocide, bitoxibacillin. Neoron will help against ticks. Immediately after flowering, continue treatment against diseases - scab, fruit rot (maniliosis), which mainly affect pome trees: pears, apple trees. In the fight against the latter during this period, a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture or a solution of zircon, zineb, captan, cuprosate, copper oxychloride, etc. gives a good effect. Repeat the treatment again 14-20 days after.
Vectra, speed, strobe, impact, rubigan, chorus, cuproxate, etc. are effective against scab. Further, repeated treatments are also required at intervals of two to three weeks. Spraying with copper sulfate (solution: 100 g / 10 liters of water) is very effective.
There is also one little-known pest to summer residents - the plum moth. It appears at the beginning of June. At this time, solutions of karbofos and fozolone are used. After two weeks a repeat is required. If you ignore this moment, the plums will still be green on the ground.
Spraying with urea also gives a positive result in the fight against fungal and viral infections in the garden. In addition, it does not pose a danger to environment. It can even replace Bordeaux mixture. But you should always keep the chemicals ready; you will still have to process them. It is better to use urea as a drug to combat diseases in the fall or early spring, before most of the crown blooms (5% solution).
You can count on a high yield only if you take care of the garden properly. Therefore, owners who are aware of this treat the garden annually. The success of this event depends on the quality of its implementation in spring period. After all, it is at this moment that it is decided whether the plantings will be well protected from pests and diseases.
When spring warmth begins to be felt in the air, many people have a desire to be closer to nature. At these moments, the soul wants to enjoy the variety of colors that various plantings in our summer cottages give us. And to bring this moment closer, gardeners are trying to more thoroughly prepare the garden before fruiting begins.
To determine the scope of upcoming work, first of all need to see the garden. According to its results, it will be clear what will have to be done. After a long and cold winter, there are always many damaged branches that need to be removed. However, the spring treatment of the garden is not limited to this, because it also includes a lot of other important measures that are designed to protect the plants from pests and diseases.
Why and when is the best time to treat the garden?
To reduce the harm that diseases and pests can cause, many gardeners use chemical and organic methods to combat them. However, the end result largely determines the experience of the gardener. This in turn determines what the crop will be like at the end of the season. The effectiveness of all planned work can only be improved if it is carried out at the right time. Therefore, as soon as the last cold weather has passed and fruit ovaries begin to form on the trees, you need to immediately begin work.
Stages of processing a garden in spring
If you trust the experience of experienced summer residents, then it is better to process the garden before 10 a.m. or after sunset- after about 6 hours. Similar choice is not accidental, since it is during these hours that the sun’s activity is minimal, and therefore the risk of leaves being burned is extremely low. As part of spring garden processing, the following main stages can be distinguished:
- in early spring;
- before buds open;
- before and after flowering;
- during the formation of ovaries.
Spraying the garden in early spring
One of the traditional garden processing activities is whitewashing tree trunks. However, it is better to carry it out before the cold weather. Therefore, it is recommended to plan it in the fall. As a result of this operation you can protect trees from damage by rodents, therefore, the remaining intact bark will not crack as a result of exposure to frosty winds. In the spring you will only need to examine it to understand whether it survived the winter well, and correct it if the need arises.
The first treatment of the garden must be carried out in early March, before the buds begin to bloom. After waiting for the snow to melt, you can prepare the plantings for processing. To do this, tidy up the area summer cottage, remove insulation from protected trunks, as well as branches that have not survived the winter. After this, spring treatment is carried out to protect trees and shrubs from insects.
On initial stage It is necessary to inspect the tree trunks and remove any fungi found from the surface. After that on the bark apply mortar . The process of preparing it will look like this:
- you need to take 2 kg of lime and mix it with 10 liters of water;
- then into this mixture you need to add 1 kg of clay and 330-350 g of copper sulfate;
- All components must be thoroughly mixed until smooth;
- Now the solution is ready, it can be applied to the trunks and bases of branches.
As a result of such treatment, eggs and larvae of insects, which can often be found on the bark and cracks of the trunk, will be removed.
However, today more modern and effective preparations are available to gardeners. Although they are a little more expensive, they can be used to process trees much faster and with less labor, preventing insects from causing much harm to the plantings. Many of them contain a fungicide, which increase the plant's resistance to many diseases. They have similar properties the following means:
- acrylic whitewash;
- acrylic paints;
- lime pastes containing copper sulfate.
Not only copper sulfate, but also diesel fuel can help protect trees and shrubs from pests. After processing the plantings, a protective oily film will appear on them, which can protect against annoying insects trees and shrubs. If insects try to lay larvae and eggs on trunks and branches, they will die under a ball of diesel fuel. In this case, all open flower stalks and blooming leaves will remain intact and unharmed.
Spring cultivation of the garden before buds open
Then comes the next stage - fruit tree processing before the kidneys awaken. The main goal of these measures is to prevent insects that hatch from larvae, as well as pathogens of various diseases, from infecting trees and shrubs. Greatest harm The garden can be affected by diseases such as scab, black cancer, coccomycosis, etc.
However, regardless of whether you intend to use copper sulfate or another modern drug, it is recommended to read the instructions for use before using it. The fact is that in stores there are preparations that are initially designed to treat only certain types of fruit trees. To ensure that such treatment meets your expectations, you can carry it out with a solution of insecticides and contact fungicides. The effectiveness of this measure will increase many times over, as it will help not only rid the plantings of pests and diseases, but also prevent their occurrence in the future.
If you want to minimize harm, which will help get your plantings as a result chemical treatment, you can use a safer mixture prepared based on herbs, tobacco and orange peel. The process of its preparation is as follows:
- a 3-liter jar is taken and filled with crushed tobacco in an amount of 200 g;
- then you need to put a handful of garlic peels and the same amount of onions, pine needles and orange peels;
- after that, water heated to 70 degrees is poured into this mixture;
- the jar needs to be hermetically sealed and a warm place must be found for it, where it should stand for a week;
- when the time comes, the finished tincture needs to be diluted warm water in an amount of 10 l;
- then the composition must be thoroughly mixed and 100 g of crushed tar soap added to it in small parts;
- now the tool is ready, and it can be used to treat the garden. If necessary, it can be repeated after 10-12 days. However, this can only be done before flowering.
Garden treatment in spring before and during the flowering process
You can treat shrub trees until the buds begin to bloom. This will help not only prevent the codling moth caterpillars from harming them, but also reduce risk of scab and spotting. To prepare the solution, you can use Carbofox. To do this, take 70 g of the drug and dilute it in 10 liters of water. room temperature. However, if trees and shrubs have already begun to bloom, then such processing cannot be done.
Fruit trees can be re-treated after the flowering period has ended. It is necessary to reduce the likelihood of infection of trees and shrubs in the next season, as well as to increase the resistance of plantings to diseases.
Typically, the inflorescences bloom at the moment when mites appear, having successfully survived the winter. It can help you deal with them colloidal sulfur: to prepare the solution you need to take 80 grams of 70% of the drug and dilute it in 10 liters of soapy water. It is very important that this treatment is carried out in a timely manner, otherwise all your crops will suffer as a result of the mite infestation.
Spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases during the appearance of ovaries
When conducting final stage In spring processing, the main task that must be solved is to ensure the protection of the fruits of the new harvest from putrefactive diseases and pests that have managed to survive. However, it is first recommended to inspect the plantings to determine whether there are visible enemies on the trees and shrubs. After all, if you use chemicals that have a strong effect, then in addition to killing insects, you can cause significant harm to the ovaries.
As a preparation for spraying fruit trees, you can choose copper oxychloride, Bordeaux mixture, urea. It is also allowed to use combination drugs that have a universal scope of application. However, processing must be carried out when optimal humidity air. Otherwise, there is a possibility that the leaves will suffer serious burns after spraying.
Spring cultivation of the garden does not imply strict rules for its implementation. However there is important nuances, taking into account which you can most effectively perform this work.
Spraying order. If you want to completely destroy pests and diseases, then you should treat every part of the trees and bushes with a working solution, for example, copper sulfate. Usually this work begins with the crown, then moves to the branches, and finally the trunk and soil in the root zone are processed.
Time and conditions of work. It is best to do spring gardening early in the morning. It is advisable to choose a dry, windless day for this work, during which no precipitation is expected. In this case, after treatment, the solution can be immediately absorbed and will act quickly. As a result, you will be sure that the leaves and inflorescences will not be damaged.
Calculation of the amount of solution. The results of spring garden cultivation may vary. If it is important for you not only to destroy pests and diseases, but also not to harm trees and shrubs, then you need to correctly determine the application rate of the drug. You can find out if you look at the instructions for a specific product. Knowing this, it will be easy for you to understand exactly how much of certain chemicals you will need.
- it takes approximately 1.5 liters of solution to treat one young tree;
- for an adult – 5.5 liters.
Spraying bushes may require different amounts of solution - from 0.6 to 1.5 liters. You can more accurately say how much liquid is required by knowing the dimensions of the crown.
Conclusion
Experienced gardeners know how to get good harvest. To do this, they regularly cultivate the garden. Moreover, they begin to engage in this business in the spring. The importance of this event is difficult to overestimate, because it directly determines how well the trees and shrubs will be protected from pests and diseases. Knowing which preparations are best to use and when, even a novice summer resident can count on the fact that at the end of the season the garden will give him a lot of tasty and healthy fruits.
If someone thinks that by planting an apple tree in their dacha they are guaranteed to have a bountiful harvest of apples for the rest of their lives, then they may be very disappointed.
Planting a tree (like the birth of a son) is just the first small step on a long path that you have to go through before the first results of your labors make themselves felt. A tree, like a child, must be taken care of constantly, otherwise diseases and pests can cause irreparable harm to your child.
Why do you need to spray trees and shrubs in spring?
The beginning of the season, that is, the period when garden trees and shrubs, waking up after the winter cold, begin to accumulate strength to form fruit mass, is exactly the time when you need to take maximum care of their protection. That is why treating trees in the spring against pests and diseases - milestone in gardening agricultural technology.
In fact, spring is a treacherous period. On the one hand, the tree needs time to recover after a long stay in extreme conditions of severe frost, on the other hand, various pests, having also woken up from hibernation, begin to actively feed, happily attacking the barely blooming leaves and flowers. It is not surprising that tree care in the spring includes mandatory pest control, because if you do not intervene in the process, you may not get a harvest. Of course, it will not be possible to destroy all harmful insects in the garden, although such a task is not set. It is much more important to repel uninvited guests from the garden, to make your trees and shrubs as unattractive as possible to such pests, both from the point of view of nutrition and from the point of view of “living”.
Another important argument in favor of spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases is that this period excludes the direct impact of pesticides on the ovaries and fruits (simply because they have not yet formed), therefore, fighting garden pests in the spring minimizes the risk of subsequent poisoning with such drugs as a result of eating processed fruits and berries.
Thus, the main task Spraying the garden in the spring is to prevent pests and diseases that will lie in wait for your plot throughout the season, including when the use of fungicides and insecticides will negatively affect the ecological purity of the crop.
Of course, ideally, we all want to boast of fruits and berries grown “without chemicals.” However, it is very important to maintain a healthy balance and sense of proportion. Breeders all over the world are struggling to create plant varieties that are resistant to certain diseases, but it has still not been possible to develop a species that is completely immune to harmful external influences, and this is hardly possible at all, since nature itself has conceived a scheme in which “everyone eats everyone.” " Therefore, we should expect that the fruits of a tree that are not affected by any pest will turn out to be inedible for humans, because you and I are also part of the animal world.
In addition, even if the manufacturer assures you that a given particular variety (for example, apple trees) is absolutely not affected by scab, you should treat such statements with a healthy dose of skepticism. And this does not mean that you are being deceived. The fact is that the development of certain diseases, as well as the spread of various pests, largely depends on specific external conditions that are constantly changing. In addition, insects and vectors infectious diseases have the ability to mutate and adapt to new realities. It is not without reason that they say that you cannot use the same fungicide in the garden - the preparations must be constantly changed to ensure the best result.
The main enemies of fruit trees, against which it is aimed spring spraying, are caterpillars, butterflies, various beetles and aphids. So, if you do not spray the apple tree at the very beginning of the season, aphids begin to actively suck the juice from the greens and flowers, and also deform the tree bark, forming ugly growths on it, which then crack and turn into gaping wounds. As a result, the tree may stop developing and die. The same danger awaits pears, plums, apricots, cherry plums and other fruit trees.
The cockchafer loves to eat leaves and ovaries, and its favorite delicacy is the plum tree. While the adult is rampaging on the surface, its numerous larvae infect the root system of trees, which is especially dangerous for young seedlings. Timely spraying can help rid the garden of such a scourge.
Caterpillars and butterflies also happily eat the greens and fruits of apple, pear, plum and cherry trees, so protecting such trees in the spring will help preserve the future harvest.
The above fully applies to the treatment of shrubs (black and red currants, gooseberries, raspberries, etc.), since it is in the spring that the main measures should be taken to protect all plants from pests and diseases.
How to spray trees against diseases and pests in spring
Currently, there are many options for treating fruit trees against pests in the spring. Conventionally, they can be divided into three groups:
- biological drugs;
- chemicals;
- “improvised” means, which are usually used by ardent opponents of the first two options, considering this method safer for health (and, of course, more economical).
Biological agents
Biological garden treatments are becoming increasingly popular as a direct alternative to chemicals.
Their effect on harmful insects and disease carriers is not artificially synthesized. poisonous substance, but living organisms (bacteria, bacterial viruses, antagonistic fungi and even insects). Also, as an alternative, it is not the living creature itself that is used, but the toxin it secretes (biotoxin).
Such biological agents can be “started” on the site yourself, creating conditions that attract beneficial insects. This role can be performed by, say, mustard, buckwheat, dill and other honey plants planted in the country. However for reliable protection garden, such preventive measures usually not enough, so scientists have developed numerous drugs based on the action beneficial organisms. Let's look at some of them. is an excellent antagonist of a number of pathogenic fungi (including scab pathogens, various types rot, late blight and other unpleasant diseases). The plant itself does not experience any harm from the action of Trichoderma; on the contrary, this fungus secretes substances that make the plant more resistant to the corresponding diseases. Treatment with the drug can be carried out from the moment the buds open and continue throughout the season.
"Planriz" is a soil bacteria that protects the garden from powdery mildew, root and basal rot, brown rust, septoria (often affecting raspberries), as well as from lepidopteran pests.
"Pentaphage" - a proven way to prevent disease fruit crops bacterial cancer, lesions of holey spotting of stone fruits. In addition, it is a good preventative against scab and powdery mildew.
"Phytodoctor" suppresses the development of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, in particular, protects fruit trees from late blight, bacterial cancer, root and fruit rot, mold, powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, etc.
provides protection for the garden from fungal and bacterial diseases such as scab, wilt, late blight, root rot, powdery mildew, brown rust and others.
"Mikosan" protects fruit trees from fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Its action is based on covering the plant organs protective film preventing the pathogen from infecting them. The drug strengthens the immunity of the tree and helps it cope with the disease on its own. This remedy should be used separately from any other drugs, at the rate of 0.1 kg of the substance per 4-8 liters of water.
"Gaupsin" proved to be an effective remedy against aphids, codling moth, leafworm, cherry and plum flies. Among the diseases, the area of influence of the drug is powdery mildew, late blight and others. The product also saturates the plant with the nitrogen it needs.
"Bitoxibacillin" also protects the garden well from gnawing and lepidopteran pests ( spider mite, cabbage moth, hawthorn moth, silkworm and others). Its action is based on a violation of the intestinal function of the insect, as a result of which the larva dies.
"Aktofit" destroys caterpillars, mites, whiteflies, aphids.
provides protection against various diseases fungal in nature and, like gaupsin, releases nitrogen molecules from the air. Distinctive feature The drug is very fast, compared to other biological means of protection, action (the active substance reaches the root system of the tree in less than half an hour after spraying).
"Healthy garden" - another means for protecting trees from aphids, codling moths, powdery mildew and other pests and diseases.
The drug "Fitoverm" can help get rid of mites and codling moths, as well as silkworm caterpillars, leaf rollers, cutworms, moths, cabbage moths, etc. - "Lepidocide".
Biological agents have a number of undoubted advantages: they do not accumulate in the soil, do not harm the plant, and their consumption is significantly lower than that of other drugs. But there are also some disadvantages. In general, such compositions need much more time to achieve beneficial effect, while chemical poison acts much faster.
Important! The use of biological drugs can be started only when the average daily temperature is at least +10° C. At this time, pathogenic bacteria and pests, which are the food of the organisms presented in the biological product, awaken and begin to develop. Otherwise, such biological weapons are powerless, so the earliest treatment of the garden can only be carried out using chemicals.
Chemicals
garden processing chemicals(pesticides) are considered the most effective way protection of trees and shrubs from diseases and pests. 
Did you know? The word pesticide comes from two Latin words: pestis (to infect) and caedere (to kill). The concept of “pesticides” includes the following groups of poisons: herbicides - against weeds, insecticides - against harmful insects, fungicides - against pathogens of fungal diseases, zoocides - against warm-blooded animals (for example, rodents). Most often, pesticides, as their name suggests, kill a particular pest, but there are also sterilants that cause infertility, as well as growth inhibitors that suppress the development of insects.
Modern pesticides act very quickly and retain their effect for a long time, but, unlike biological products, they can be addictive to pests.
As stated above, treating plants in early spring does not pose a risk to human or domestic animal health, since most pesticides completely decompose a certain time after application. Another advantage of chemicals is that they dissolve well in water and are generally sold in packages that are convenient for quick use.
At the same time, unlike biological products, the correct dosage of pesticides plays a role decisive role: exceeding the recommended dose can lead to damage to the plant (burn, decreased pollen viability, destruction of pistils) and harm to the environment, while a “shortage” provokes the development of immunity in harmful organisms to the corresponding poison.
Important! When working with chemicals, it is only necessary to observe safety rules as much as possible, since the toxin can cause harm to humans and pets not only if ingested, but also through the skin and respiratory tract.
It is best to carry out spring treatment of trees and shrubs with special complex preparations, which are a mixture of fungicide and insecticide. In this case, the plant is simultaneously protected from both diseases and pests.
A possible replacement for such a complex preparation is ordinary urea. The first treatment of the garden in early spring is recommended to be carried out with a higher concentration of carbamide (urea), adding a little copper sulfate to the mixture. An additional advantage of this composition is its ability to briefly (for a week or two) slow down the awakening of the tree, and as a result, it is protected from unexpected frosts during flowering (this is especially true for plum trees).
After flowering, the trees should be sprayed with a less concentrated solution of urea. Such treatment will save the garden from aphids, leafworms, apple beetles, suckers.
An overdose of urea can lead to the formation of burns on the leaf plate, therefore, when diluting urea with water, you need to be extremely careful.
Spring spraying is also popular. fruit plants copper sulfate. The procedure is carried out in early March, before the first buds appear, since this pesticide in the concentration necessary to achieve the effect causes a burn on young leaves. An exception is the situation when it is necessary to disinfect a wound on a tree.
Copper sulfate has a detrimental effect on the pathogens of curly hair, moniliosis, coccomycosis and clasterosporosis, phyllosticosis, scab and other diseases. It is recommended to treat plums, pears and apple trees with the drug.
Important! Copper sulfate is very poisonous! Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the drug or its residues from entering water bodies or other water supplies, as this can lead to the death of fish and animals and create serious health problems for people.
Most often, copper sulfate is mixed in equal parts with lime. The resulting mixture is called Bordeaux mixture and protects the garden from most diseases and pests, while being relatively harmless.
These and other copper-containing drugs, such as
(copper oxychloride), (copper oxychloride and oxadisil), etc. They protect trees and shrubs well from fungal diseases, but they should not be used more often than once a year. Therefore, if such spraying was carried out in the fall, you need to choose a different type of treatment in the spring.
Until the buds bloom on the trees, you can treat them with iron sulfate. In addition to protecting against pests, this drug has another function - it saturates plants with iron, which is necessary for their proper development, this is especially important for trees with iron-containing fruits, such as apple trees, pears and plums.
"Drug 30 V" When spraying in early spring, it is aimed at destroying pests that overwinter on the bark of fruit trees. First of all, these are leaf rollers, scale insects, aphids, whiteflies, scale insects and false scale insects, moths, copperheads, and fruit mites. The drug forms a film on the bark that kills the larvae “hiding” inside and destroys insect eggs. The disadvantage of the pesticide is its very long decay period, and therefore the manufacturer warns against using it more than once every three years.
Some summer residents treat their gardens with diesel fuel, but this petroleum product has a very destructive effect on the ecosystem. Therefore, if you do not work at a car depot, where “shoe polish is just piled up,” use less aggressive chemicals in the garden. But if you still decide to take a risk, then the drug, firstly, can be used very early (even before the kidneys swell), and secondly, its concentration should be minimal, and to enhance the effect it is better not just to dilute it with water, but also to mix it with others chemicals. There is one exception: diesel fuel can really help protect an apple or plum tree from rotting, for example, in the event of a break.
Folk remedies
For opponents of chemistry, we can recommend a number of folk remedies used for spring garden treatment. Here, however, it should be noted that many plants that are destructive to pests, which form the basis for spraying, cannot physically be obtained in early spring. In this case, sometimes you can use dried reserves from last year, but if the “recipe” requires the presence of fresh grass, it can be used at later stages, and in early spring the trees can be protected with the help of chemicals. Actually, this approach looks quite logical: until the bud has blossomed, we use protection that is more “heavy” and dangerous for the tree itself, and after the leaves open, flower and the ovaries appear, we use the “light version” as a “control shot.”
To spray the garden, pest-intolerant plants such as: field sow thistle (it is recommended to take freshly picked), capsicum (you can take dried), Walnut(dry leaves), sweet and bitter nightshade (you need fresh tops of stems with leaves, buds and flowers), tansy (dried inflorescences), wormwood (you can take dried), chamomile, Dolmatian, Caucasian (you can take dried), sarsazan (you can take dried shoots), tomato tops (you can use dried ones or take them from last year’s compost), garlic (crushed cloves), pine needles, bird cherry (you can take dry branches with leaves), sophora phyllo or thick-fruited (dried greens collected during the flowering period) , tobacco (shag) and many others.
The principle of preparing the solution is approximately the same: the raw materials are crushed, filled with water, infused and filtered. Proportions, if desired, can be peeped on the network. In addition to herbal preparations, spraying is also carried out with a saline solution or a solution of superphosphate and potassium chloride (the latter helps get rid of aphids and leaf-eating caterpillars).
Aphids and copperheads are also driven out by fumigating fruit trees with tobacco dust (it is poured onto straw, which is set on fire in the garden).
In general it can be said that folk remedies for garden treatment are, of course, not as harmful to the environment as pesticides (although some concentrates can easily burn wood), but their effectiveness is disproportionately lower.
Therefore, when choosing one or another method of protection, one should proceed from a lot of factors: from the weather to the condition of your garden, the age of the trees, the prevalence in the region and the infestation of a particular area by one or another pest, etc. It is also important to choose the right time exactly when you are going to process fruit trees from pests: in early spring, at the beginning of flowering or after it.
When is it necessary to treat the garden against diseases and pests?
The timing of the processing of fruit trees from pests in the spring, as we already understood, can be different. Some drugs should be used as early as possible, due to their particular aggressiveness, others can be used even during flowering and after the formation of ovaries.
In any case, competent garden processing in the spring includes four stages:
Only such comprehensive work will allow us to protect the garden as much as possible, because if in early spring we first of all destroy microorganisms, then in April the main goal of spraying is to protect the buds from fungal diseases, scab, powdery mildew, leafworms, weevils, apple flower beetle and other beetles, and in May - protect the ovaries from later pests. Features of garden processing in early spring
The very first treatment of the garden is considered perhaps the most important. Pests and carriers of diseases that have overwintered in the bark and tree trunks should be preventively destroyed before they have recovered from hibernation and have not begun their dirty work.
The snow has melted, the temperature has risen above zero, it was a windless day - and for work!
We already know what to spray trees in the spring before the buds open: we use pesticides, the aggressiveness of which is not yet terrible for the tree, but is deadly for pests.
For the first spraying we use Bordeaux mixture in a concentration of up to 3%. You can buy a ready-made kit with correctly selected components, or you can make the preparation yourself by mixing 0.45 kg of lime and 0.3 kg of copper sulfate in a bucket of water (10 l).
You can also spray the trees with Nitrophen or a mixture of urea and copper sulfate (0.7 kg and 0.05 kg, respectively, per bucket of water). Instead of urea, some gardeners use nitrogen or potassium fertilizers, but not chlorine-containing ones. In any case, the fertilizer should be used immediately after dilution, otherwise it will lose all its effectiveness.
Trees and shrubs should be treated completely - from the trunk (especially in places of cracks) and trunk circle to the tips of the branches. Before starting spraying, be sure to thoroughly clean the trunk with a brush.
In addition, you need to keep in mind that different plants do not wake up after winter at the same time, so if you delay the first treatment, especially early trees and bushes can be burned. So, if apple, pear and plum trees are sprayed in mid-March, then, say, the growing season of black currants can begin earlier. Accordingly, it is better to divide the procedure into several stages than to try to do it in one day and end up rinsing young kidneys with poison.
Spraying trees and bushes before flowering
As it was said, before the beginning of flowering, after the swelling of the buds, and also right on the buds (before they blossomed), the garden is re-treated. If spraying is carried out with pesticides, a weaker concentration should be used (for example, if during the first treatment Bordeaux mixture we diluted it to a 3% solution, now we use a 1% solution).
However, it is preferable at this stage to use more modern drugs that can be purchased in specialized stores. For example, by mixing the Horus fungicide and the Aktar insecticide, you will simultaneously protect the garden from both fungal diseases and insect pests. The same mixture can be reapplied after the trees bloom. Such drugs as “Fufanon”, “Decis”, etc. have proven themselves well.
The nuances of garden processing during the flowering period
The question "Is it possible to spray trees during flowering?" is quite debatable. Many gardeners categorically do not recommend doing this, since you can damage the inflorescences and disrupt the entire subsequent process of fruit set.
In general, there is no doubt that during the flowering period it is definitely impossible to use strong pesticides that can harm not only flowers, but also bees actively “working” in a blooming garden.
If, for one reason or another, you did not have time to process the garden before the flowers appeared, then it is still better later than never. Treating the garden during this period will protect the tree from aphids, mites, leaf rollers, copperheads, sawflies and other pests, as well as from many insidious diseases. You can use phosphorus-containing organic preparations, for example, Fufanon or Actellik. In warmer times, use “Fitoverm”, “Akarin”, “Iskra Bio”, “Entobacterin” and other biological preparations, because we remember that they are safe for wood, but are deadly for pathogens and harmful insects.
Treatment of trees and shrubs after flowering
Spraying fruit trees and shrubs after flowering - the final stage spring protection garden from diseases and pests . Its main goal is to destroy the caterpillars of the leaf roller, codling moth, weevils, moths, aphids, mites and prevent possible garden diseases.
The treatment should be carried out no later than three weeks after the trees and shrubs finish flowering.
There are a lot modern drugs for processing the garden during this period, so there should be no problems with choosing the most suitable one. But what you definitely shouldn’t spray on trees after flowering is pesticides in high concentrations. It is better at this stage to give preference to biological products or more gentle chemicals. For May spraying of fruit trees, for example, you can use the following preparations: “Brunka”, “Blue Bordeaux”, “Fital”, “Delan”, “Saprol”, “Fury”, “Fastak”, “Talstar”, “Fufanon”, "Decis", "Karate", "Confidor", "Uppercut", "Koragen".
The fungicide "Skor", recommended for use at this stage, is also effective and low-toxic. The choice depends on many factors, in particular, each drug is aimed at combating certain pests, which, in turn, have their own preferences among fruit trees. Therefore, read the instructions and select the optimal mixture.
So, for example, for apricot the greatest danger is hole spotting and monilial burn; pests include aphids, leaf rollers, and moths.
The peach, when flowering, is often affected by leaf curl and clasterosporium blight, and is also often attacked by the codling moth. Plum trees are susceptible to moniliosis, clasterosporiosis, and polystigmosis; among insects, their main enemies are mites, aphids, leaf rollers, and codling moths. After flowering, cherry and cherry orchards can be affected by clasterosporiasis and coccomycosis. Cherry flies love to lay eggs under the skin of fruits at the moment they set; aphids and leaf rollers also infect these trees.
Apple and pear trees suffer from scab and powdery mildew; the most dangerous pests for them are the codling moth, mites, aphids, and sawflies.
Important! On at this stage It is better to spray the garden in the evening: the caterpillars, hidden in the foliage, come out at night to feast on the ovaries and green mass, on which poison is already waiting for them. If the drug has worked, in the morning you will be able to observe a mass phenomenon: a huge number of dead caterpillars hanging from branches on thin cobwebs.
How to properly treat trees and shrubs against diseases and pests
By and large, you can act as you wish, but for the safety (of yourself and others), as well as to achieve maximum effect, it is better to follow certain rules and recommendations.
You need to start spraying from the crown, gradually moving down. The final stage is processing the tree trunk circle (it is very important not to forget this area). With the exception of the last spraying, which is carried out during the period of active “work” of the caterpillars, it is better to treat trees in the early morning.
To carry out the procedure, you need to choose a windless, dry day. Check the weather forecast and if rain is expected in the next 24 hours, postpone the procedure for several days. With minimal humidity, the active substance will be absorbed faster and cause less damage to the plant. An exception may be some biological products, which, on the contrary, require moisture, so read the instructions before using them. It is also important to correctly calculate required amount the drug, since its reuse after some time is absolutely unacceptable: you need to dilute exactly as much as is needed for today's processing. We should proceed from the following calculations: an adult tree “uses” approximately 5-6 liters of solution, and shrubs and young trees require 0.5 to 1.5 liters, depending on their size.
Finally, to make your work convenient, you shouldn’t put a broom in a bucket and spray it on the tree - it’s better to buy a modern sprayer. Today manufacturers offer widest choice models that will allow you to choose best option depending on the size of your garden (they differ both in volume and power, and, accordingly, in price). Low-growing trees and young seedlings can be treated with an ordinary plastic sprayer, and for large gardens It may be worth purchasing an expensive but very reliable electric pump.
Don't forget about personal safety precautions. You need to clearly understand how toxic the drug you are working with is and, depending on this, adjust your behavior. In any case, the face should be covered with a respirator or gauze bandage, the hair should be covered with a scarf or bandana, and the eyes should be protected with goggles. Wear gloves and in general it is better not to leave any exposed skin. Keep household members (especially children) and pets away.
943
times already
helped
