Many suburban buildings need ventilation. Without it, houses and sheds become damp, cellars and basements get wet, and even using a backlash closet, in which there is no fan, is, to put it mildly, uncomfortable.
Of course, equip the toilet or cellar with an electric supply or exhaust fan it’s not difficult, but many summer cottages are far from always electrified. But the fan, which I want to tell readers about, does not need electricity - it is driven by ... a rotary wind turbine.
Anyone can make such a device. All its "mechanics" consists of a rotary wind turbine and a 12-bladed fan. Both are mounted on the axis of the bearing assembly, which is used as a bushing from the front wheel of the bicycle. The latter, with the help of M4 bolts and nuts, is fixed in the center of a circle cut out of a plywood sheet 8 mm thick.
The rotary wind turbine is assembled from a pair of half-cylinders and two discs made of 6 mm plywood. A good blank for half-cylinders is the old aluminum pan or a bucket. A plastic bowl of the same size will also work. The pan is carefully cut along the diametrical plane and fixed between a pair of plywood disks as shown in the figures.
1 - wind fan; 2 - backlash closet; 3 - ventilation pipe; 4 - cesspool
1 - rotary wind turbine; 2 - nut for fastening the wind turbine on the shaft; 3 - bearing assembly (sleeve from the front wheel of the bicycle); 4 - fan impeller (steel or duralumin sheet s2); 5 - self-tapping screw for fastening the wind fan on the ventilation pipe (12 pcs.); 6 - ventilation pipe (square section box, knocked together from s20 boards); 7 - nut for fastening the fan impeller on the shaft; 8 - receiver (plastic basin); 9 - bolts and nuts M5 for fastening the bearing assembly on the receiver cover (3 sets); 10 – receiver cover (plywood s8)
1,2- end washers (plywood, s8); 3, 4 – half-cylinders of the rotor; 5 - corner for joining half-cylinders and washers (6 pcs.); 6 - fasteners for semi-cylinders and washers (M5 bolt with nuts, 12 sets)
Fan impeller manufacturing
(A - blank, B - finished impeller)
Fan impeller - 12-blade; it can be made from a steel or duralumin sheet with a thickness of about 2 mm. After making a flat billet, each impeller blade is bent twice, as shown in the photo, approximately 90 degrees, and the direction of the bend will depend on which fan you need - supply or exhaust.
The wind fan is installed on top of a kind of receiver, which is a small plastic basin, in the bottom of which a hole is cut for a ventilation pipe (asbestos-cement or hammered together from boards). In the upper part of the receiver (above the fan impeller), holes are cut for the outlet (or intake) of air.
The finished unit is fixed on top ventilation pipe- and it will continuously (and completely free!) Ventilate your toilet or cellar.
I. KHOROSHEVSKY
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You are sitting at the computer, summer is outside, there is no air conditioning. The hand is already tired of endlessly fanning itself with a newspaper, and sweat drips from the forehead onto the keyboard. Common situation? If there is no extra money, a homemade fan will help. To make it, you do not need to run to the store for details. Everything you need for a blower is in the house. Don't know how to make a free fan at home? Follow the text!
What is an air cooler made of?
- engine
- fan blades
- stand
- power supply
The last item can be omitted if you make a USB fan with your own hands. The computer has a voltage of 5 volts. You will need a printer cable, an old "mouse", or any unnecessary device with a USB cable.
If you are a fan of homemade products, there are probably some in the house useful trash. Otherwise, you do not need to know how to make a fan with your own hands.
Did you find an electric motor in the box with unnecessary parts? You can make a fan out of a motor from an old drive or a broken toy. Consider a few examples of how to make a mini fan from improvised materials.
Glue, cardboard, toy motor
To make a small propeller, you will need a piece of corrugated cardboard 30 × 30 cm.
We glue the support in 2-3 layers, the area is not less than two palms. We make a rack for the engine in the form of a prism 10–15 cm high. For cutting, we will use a clerical knife. We bend the design along the line.
How to make a mini fan durable and stable? Let's use glue gun. No other adhesive will make the connection as secure.
We connect with hot glue, and as thick as possible: the design should turn out to be monolithic. The blades can be made from thinner cardboard. Suitable packaging from an accessory for a mobile phone.
This is the most critical element: the blades must be exactly the same in shape and weight. Otherwise, your propeller will vibrate during operation, and quickly fall apart.
We glue the blades (carefully) on a cardboard sleeve, observing aerodynamics. The planes should be turned 30–45 degrees in opposite directions. For simplicity of design, we assemble a USB fan with two blades. They are easier to balance, and such a propeller will cope with cooling no worse than a three-blade one.
Trial run and balancing
We make a hole in the very center of the bushing (with the help of an awl), put it on the motor axis, and carry out a test run. Of course, before assembly, it is necessary to coordinate the angle of attack of the blades with the direction of rotation of the motor. Otherwise, the fan will blow reverse side. If vibration is present, the propeller can be easily balanced by simply crawling the blades. After making sure that the propeller spins smoothly and blows where it is required, we glue the motor onto the stand. Clay do not feel sorry!
We connect the USB cable to the power wires of the engine. Of course, it is better to do this with a soldering iron, but given the meager power, you can get by with a simple twist. The main thing is not to forget to insulate the connection with electrical tape or tape.
How to determine the power contacts of a USB wire
Any USB connector consists of 4 pins. We are not interested in the middle ones, these are information wires. The 5 volt supply is at the extreme contacts. Desoldering in the illustration:
If you reverse the polarity, nothing bad will happen. The motor will just spin in the wrong direction. How to determine the motor supply voltage? There is no need to look for markings. If the toy (where it was installed) is powered by three batteries (1.5 volts each), then the motor is 5 volts. If from two batteries - for USB power supply he won't fit.
CD
You don't know how to make an efficient CD fan? It's easier than it looks. We mark the disk into 8 sectors. An even number of blades is easier to balance if axial runout occurs.
Cut out the blades with regular scissors. You can do this work with a construction knife, or melt the sectors with a soldering iron - big difference No. If you inadvertently break a CD, get a new one.
The extra segments are broken out, the rest are given the aerodynamic shape of the propeller. To do this, it is enough to heat the workpiece over a candle or with a building hair dryer. If you make a mistake with the geometry, you can always correct the situation by reheating. This is the advantage of crafts made from a CD.
Glue a thickening in the center of the structure: any piece of plastic 5-10 mm. We drill a hole in it for landing on the motor shaft.
Where to get an electric motor
In this design, a drive from a disk drive is used. Power supply 5 volts, moderate speed. Most likely, you don't have a disk drive gathering dust on the shelf, it can be found in the system unit. No one uses floppy disks anyway, you can safely disassemble it for spare parts.
Convenient flat motor housing allows you to assemble the fan on a flexible leg. To do this, we twist a piece of single-core copper wire into a pigtail, and wind it to the power cable with electrical tape.
A motor with a propeller is glued to a flexible stand either with hot glue or wrapped with the same electrical tape. Unless you're going to enter a fan design contest, you don't have to worry about aesthetics.
After spending 2-3 hours, you get a convenient portable "device" that can be installed anywhere without leaving your computer.
Aesthetics from a plastic bottle
If you want not only fresh air, but also to make the product pleasing to the eye, we use other materials. The basic components remain the same: a motor from a child's toy and an old USB cable. By the way, you can connect such a fan to a 220 volt outlet using a smartphone charger (with that de USB port).
The highlight of the design is the body. The propeller is made from plastic bottle. The twisted plug will serve as an axial sleeve. The rack can be made from a bunch of straws for a cocktail.
We assemble an elegant base from the second PET bottle and a CD glued from below. With free accessories, you can install a connector and a switch.
Despite the “lightness” of the design, the fan turned out to be quite stable. If necessary, you can put some weight in the case.
Using Factory Parts
We return to the presence in the home workshop of conditionally unnecessary components for the computer. For example, a cooler from a power supply or a system unit.
The electrical part of the work is reduced to a minimum. If the power supply is 5 volts, we work according to the scheme: USB cable. To supply 12 volts, you will have to look for a power supply, or a phone charger. In addition, there are "turbines" that are connected to a 220 volt network.
Actually, to make a fan out of a cooler from a computer, it is enough to fix it on some kind of stand. And if you use batteries instead of a USB cable, you can organize a flow of fresh air anywhere.
Related videos
You can make a low-noise fan for room air conditioners, for window and table fans, for cooling or heating various equipment.
in front of you general form low-noise TsAGI fan (see Fig. 1). It consists of an electric motor, a housing and an impeller (impeller). The fan can be made without a case. But then it will not give such a powerful air flow. The fan diameter can be up to 400 mm.
If you have an electric motor and you know its maximum speed, then according to the graph (Fig. 2), it is easy for you to determine what maximum diameter you can make a fan.
So, you have decided to make a fan. Keep in mind that the noise of the entire installation is made up of the noise of the motor and the impeller. So if you want a quiet fan, then choose a quiet electric motor.
The fan impeller is made of metal, duralumin or steel sheet. The thickness of the sheet is selected depending on the diameter of the impeller in the range of 0.5-2 mm. How larger diameter impellers, the thicker the sheet should be taken.
First, unfold the impeller. The dimensions of this scan are shown in Figure 3. Here, the numbers indicate not millimeters, but fractions of the radius of the impeller blade. To obtain dimensions in millimeters, multiply the indicated figures by the selected radius of the fan impeller. Then give the blades of the impeller the desired profile - knock them out on a blank. Make a blank out of hard rock wood according to the dimensions shown in Figure 4. Here, the dimensions are also given in fractions of the radius of the impeller.
How to get such a blank? It is processed in three curved patterns. These templates are made from flat templates (Figure 5). You will find the bending radii of bent templates and the dimensions of flat templates in the table. Bent templates check the correctness of the manufacture of the blank in three sections I-I, II-II, III-III. Align the ends of the template arc with the corresponding vertical marks on the sides of the blank. Make sure that the axial risks on the templates and the blank are located in the same plane. Templates are easiest to make from tin. But any metal or plastic sheet will do, only the working edge of the templates must be made no thicker than 0.5 mm.
The working surface of the blank should be smooth and smooth. To do this, it must be thoroughly cycled and cleaned with sandpaper. Only after that it is possible to knock out the blades of the fan impeller on it. To prevent the impeller blank from moving during the drift, nail it in the center to the blank. And to increase the rigidity of the blades, after knocking them out at the root of the blade along the axis, make small indentations - ridges.
The sleeve for landing the impeller on the axis of the electric motor is machined on lathe, or made manually such as shown in Figure 6. The impeller with the sleeve are connected with rivets or screws.
When the fan impeller is assembled, be sure to balance it statically.
We have already said above that the fan can be made with or without a case. Figure 1 shows one of options hull structures. Other designs are also possible.
The weather is getting warmer outside, it's time to think about ventilation. In this episode, Roman Ursu will do bladeless fan. You can easily repeat this product with your own hands. Four pieces of cardboard are used in the product. The width must match the width of the cooler. 120 mm. A switch and a power connector are built into the housing. We will measure and make a hole according to the desired diameter. You will also need a 12 volt cooler power supply that consumes 0.25 m. A 2 amp unit, so that's enough. The top of the Dyson fan has cylindrical shape. This means that we draw two circles with a diameter of 15 cm. In one of them 11 cm, in the other 12 cm. To keep the parts well on the base, we take one of the walls, apply the parts, draw a line and cut it off. Now, in order to form the cylinders, you will need three segments with the following dimensions: 12 x 74, 12 x 82, 15 x 86 cm. We will figure out what and where to glue at the assembly stage. Let's make cuts in each wall. These will be the air channels. They look like good legs.
Let's start assembling a bladeless beautiful fan by placing the courier in the middle. Glue each wall one by one. The wires can be removed as shown in the video. It would be nice to figure out the connection. We use the switch, so we separate one of the wires and form a circuit. The wires go to the power connector, black to minus, red to plus.
It is necessary to connect all the previously prepared parts with your own hands. We take a ring with an inner diameter of 11 cm. It will be in front. And a segment 12 × 74. We connect, as in the video.
We repeat the same with the second ring and the 12 x 82 blank. To keep the fixed rings stable, we use five small baffles of strength. The length is a little less than 12 cm. It remains only to close the structure.
We use the last segment 15 x 86 cm.
In conclusion, we bring beauty, remove excess glue, cover with paint. In general, the bladeless fan is ready.
There's a lot ahead useful homemade, we are waiting for the warm sun to shoot the next video and show it on the channel.
From time to time there is a need for a kind of fan, but small models cost relatively much. Do not rush to fork out, because small fan can be easily done with my own hands. In terms of efficiency, it is not inferior to purchased analogues, and its creation will require minimal amount materials.
Creating a fan from a cooler
The easiest way to make a fan yourself is to use an unnecessary cooler (these are used in a computer as a cooling system for components).
Not surprisingly, this method is the simplest, because the cooler is just a small fan. It remains only to make a few simple steps to give it its final shape and performance.
The cooler itself is quite functional, but you need to prepare it for non-standard way usage:
- Wires.
If the fan is located near the computer, an ordinary unnecessary USB cable will do. It needs to be cut off and the insulation removed (the same with the cooler wires):
We are only interested in two wires: red (plus) and black (minus). If there are other colors in the cooler or USB cable, feel free to cut them off and isolate them, because they are absolutely unnecessary and will only interfere.
- Compound.
After cleaning, the wires must be connected to each other (it is enough to twist them tightly with each other). Don't mix up the colors. This threatens with serious complications in the process of creating a fan.
For twisting, 10 mm length is enough. If necessary, clean most wires, it's not scary, but you have to isolate much more.
- Safety.
Remember that proper insulation is the key to success and a guarantee that the computer or outlet will not short out. Bare wires should be sealed with electrical tape (only in the absence of power), and the thicker it is, the better.
There is no particular point in explaining what threatens the fall of "minus" to "plus". If the red and black wires come into contact during the transmission of electricity, not only the USB wire / port, but also the computer components may burn out.
In principle, computers are not afraid of such moments if they are equipped with protection against voltage surges. But when a wall outlet is used, fixing the wiring in the apartment will be much more difficult than creating a small fan.
Therefore, seriously take care of the insulation of bare parts of the wires. Extra complexity is rarely needed.
- Final touches.
Do not forget that computer cooler very light, but at the same time very fast. Even with a voltage of 5 volts, its speed will be quite high. We consider this voltage for a reason: the cooler will perfectly cope with its task, and the operation will be as silent as possible.
Due to the small dimensions of the device, vibration and vibration may cause it to fall. This should not be allowed for the following reasons:
- such a cooler cannot cause lethal cuts even during operation, but there are no guarantees that the device will not jump up and fly off, for example, in the face;
- falling not on flat surface(on a pencil, pen, lighter) its blades can be damaged: fragments broken off at such a rotation speed can cause irreparable damage;
- other unforeseen circumstances.
Therefore, it is important to fix the cooler (with adhesive tape, glue) on some more stable surface: a box, wooden block, table.
- Additional functions.
If desired, the finished fan can be updated externally, add a switch (so as not to pull out the cord every time), etc. But attention is also paid to a method that relatively well increases the efficiency of the device.
Simply cut off the top of a plastic bottle and glue it (with a wide hole) to the cooler frame. Thus, the air flow will be more precise and directed: the force of air movement will be stronger by about 20%, which is a pretty good indicator.
This completes the creation of the fan, and it is ready for full-fledged work.
Disk fan
If the previous option does not suit you, and you want something more complex, then consider creating a fan yourself from computer disks:
- Engine.
Since we do not use a cooler, it is necessary to acquire some kind of motor that sets the blades of our future device in motion. In fact, you can use the motor of the already mentioned cooler of the cooling system, but this is too simple.
You should find or buy a motor with a certain part of it moving (for example, a protruding iron rod). Since we are making a fan from disks, then the presence of such a rod will the best option. Motors from an old VCR or player are also great, because they spin discs and cassettes - just what we need for a spinning propeller in our fan.
Do not use an engine washing machine or even a past fan - they are extremely powerful. Due to self-assembly of the structure, it will be very flimsy. A strong motor in the first few seconds will spread the fragments of the blades around the room and fly off the base.
If there is a running motor, it must be fastened with wires in the previously mentioned form.
With a running engine on hand, we need to concentrate on the disks, which are the main components of our fan. First, cut one into 8 equal pieces:
In order not to make a mistake during the procedure, you can pre-mark the disk with a pencil. It is best to use a soldering iron (there will be no sharp edges, it is safer), but regular scissors will work.
After that, the disk should be slightly heated with a lighter to make the material more pliable, and bend the wings in the manner of the blades, like conventional fans:
The same can be done with the usual plastic bottle:
In the center of our propeller you need to put a wooden bottle cap. If the size is too big - it can be planed.
- The rest of the parts.
As a center holding the entire structure, you can use a regular roll sleeve toilet paper:
It should be fixed in the center of the second disk, which will serve as the foundation for the fan. From above, you can place half of the second sleeve, as seen in the photo, so that the motor is inside it. On it you need to hang the blades from the disk / bottle.
The fan is ready to work. Optionally, you can add decorative elements to make the device look more presentable.
And you can see clearly how such a fan is made from a bottle in this video.
Additionally, it should be recalled that important points while creating homemade fan:
- To fasten the parts to each other, you must use high-quality "superglue".
It is the one that cannot be peeled off even if desired. The entire structure must be as stable as possible and not succumb to vibrations and vibrations. Be responsible and glue everything you see, except for the blades and internal parts engine.
- Take your time.
You risk missing important detail, and this significantly increases the chances that something will go wrong during the operation of the finished fan. The consequences can be very serious.
- Don't use bad parts.
If you do not need the motor that is used to create the engine, its performance may be in doubt. Make sure it lasts for a while and will be effective.
Building an engine from scratch is a highly specialized process and requires good knowledge. Take care that the motherboards are in order, all the necessary connections are soldered well, etc. Better once again check what to do with another fan.
- Insulation.
We remind you once again: do not forget about the high-quality winding of wires with electrical tape. You should not save it, because short circuits and their repair will force you to sacrifice big expenses. Perhaps even in terms of money.
A hand-held fan is quite compact, efficient and does its job well. It is not difficult to make it if you take the procedure responsibly and follow the instructions. There are no restrictions on dimensions: if you feel strong, feel free to start assembling the fan bigger size.
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