The requirements given in 4.2.123-4.2.132 reflect the features of outdoor transformer substations complete (KTP), pole-mounted (STP), mast-mounted (MTP) with high voltage up to 35 kV and low voltage up to 1 kV, as well as network sectioning points (SSP) with voltage up to 35 kV.
For everything else not specified in 4.2.123-4.2.132, the requirements of other paragraphs of this chapter should be followed.
4.2.123
The connection of the transformer to the high voltage network must be carried out using fuses and a disconnector (load switch) or a combined fuse-disconnector device with a visible circuit break.
The switching device must be controlled from the surface of the earth. The drive of the switching device must be locked. The switching device must have grounding conductors on the transformer side.
4.2.124
The switching device MTP and STP, as a rule, should be installed on the end (or branch) support of the overhead line.
The switching device of the KTP and SSP can be installed both on the end (branch) support of the overhead line, and inside the KTP and SSP.
4.2.125
At substations and SSP without fencing, the vertical distance from the ground surface to non-insulated live parts in the absence of vehicle traffic under the terminals must be at least 3.5 m for voltages up to 1 kV, and for voltages 10 (6) and 35 kV - according to Table. 4.2.7 size.
At substations and substations with a fence at least 1.8 m high, the specified distances to non-insulated live parts with voltages of 10 (6) and 35 kV can be reduced to the size specified in Table 4.2.5. In this case, in the plane of the fence, the distance from the busbar to the edge of the external fence must be no less than the size indicated in the same table.
For overhead leads crossing passages or places where traffic is possible, the distance from the low wire to the ground should be taken in accordance with 2.5.111 and 2.5.112.
4.2.126
To service the MTP, a platform with railings must be installed at a height of at least 3 m. To climb to the platform, it is recommended to use ladders with a device that prohibits climbing them when the switching device is turned on.
For STP, the installation of platforms and stairs is not necessary.
4.2.127
Parts of the MTP that remain energized when the switching device is turned off must be out of reach (1.7.70) from the site level. The switched-off position of the device must be visible from the site.
4.2.128
On the low voltage side of the transformer, it is recommended to install a device that provides a visible break.
4.2.129
Electrical wiring in MTP and STP between the transformer and the low-voltage switchboard, as well as between the switchboard and the low-voltage overhead line, must be protected from mechanical damage and be carried out in accordance with the requirements given in Chapter 2.1.
4.2.130
For substations with a capacity of 0.25 MVA or less, it is permissible not to provide lighting for the low-voltage switchboard. Lighting and sockets for turning on portable devices and tools at substations with a power of more than 0.25 MVA must be powered with a voltage of no higher than 25 V.
4.2.131
By condition fire safety substations must be located at a distance of at least 3 m from buildings of I, II, III degrees of fire resistance and 5 m from buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance.
It is also necessary to follow the requirements given in 4.2.68.
The distance from residential buildings to transformer substations should be at least 10 m, provided that acceptable normal levels of sound pressure (noise) are ensured.
4.2.132
In areas of possible collision with vehicles, substations must be protected by bumper bollards.
The dimensions of the transformer compartment are often determined dimensions the most complete transformer substation and have a significant impact on the cost of production.
How to correctly determine the dimensions of the transformer compartment? It turns out that the Electrical Installation Rules (ELI) are not entirely consistent in this matter and require comments from specialists.
It would seem that clause 4.2.217 clearly defines the required distances:
"4.2.217. For transformers installed indoors, the clear distances from the most protruding parts of transformers located at a height of 1.9 m or less from the floor should be:
- to the rear and side walls at least 0.3 m - for transformers with a power of up to 0.63 MB A and 0.6 m - for transformers of higher power;
- from the entrance side to the door leaf or protruding parts of the wall, at least: 0.6 m - for transformers with a capacity of up to 0.63 MVA; 0.8 m - for transformers up to 1.6 MVA and 1 m - for transformers with a power of more than 1.6 MVA."
However, it turns out that everything is not so simple, because the attentive reader will discover at the beginning of the chapter clause 4.2.203, which actually cancels these requirements:
"4.2.203. The requirements given in 4.2.204-4.2.236 apply to permanent installation in premises and to outdoors power transformers (autotransformers), control transformers and oil-filled reactors with a higher voltage of 3 kV and higher and do not apply to special-purpose electrical installations.
Transformers, autotransformers and reactors specified in this paragraph are named in 4.2.204-4.2.236 with the term “transformers”.
Installation of auxiliary equipment of transformers (electric motors of the cooling system, instrumentation, control devices) must meet the requirements of the relevant chapters of these Rules.
Requirements 4.2.212, 4.2.217, 4.2.218 do not apply to the installation of transformers included in package substation with higher voltage up to 35 kV. "
That is, it turns out that clause 4.2.217, which determines the dimensions of the transformer compartment, does not apply to complete transformer substations?
We turned to Rostekhnadzor specialists for clarification and received the following response.
Formally, clause 4.2.217 can be ignored when designing a package transformer substation, however, if conflict situations arise, Rostechnadzor may side with the letter of the law and demand that the conditions of clause 4.2.217 be met.
In this case, it is necessary to take into account one more clause of the PUE, which gives regulatory organizations greater freedom of action, namely clause 4.2.205:
"4.2.205. Installation of transformers should provide convenient and safe conditions inspection without relieving tension."
Thus, the requirements of clause 4.2.217 regarding the dimensions of the transformer compartment of the package transformer substation should not be violated unless absolutely necessary. If such a need exists, then it is advisable to inform the customer about what pitfalls there are in this matter in the Electrical Installation Rules.
Date of introduction 2003-10-01
Preface
DEVELOPED taking into account the requirements of state standards, building codes and regulations, recommendations of scientific and technical councils for reviewing draft chapters. Draft chapters were reviewed by the working groups of the Coordination Council for the revision of the EMP
PREPARED BY ROSEP JSC, co-executor - ORGRES Firm JSC
AGREED in accordance with the established procedure with the Gosstroy of Russia, Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, RAO "UES of Russia" (JSC "VNIIE") and submitted for approval by Gosenergonadzor of the Ministry of Energy of Russia
From October 1, 2003, Chapter 2.4 of the “Rules for Electrical Installations”, sixth edition, becomes invalid
The requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules are mandatory for all organizations, regardless of ownership and legal forms, as well as for individuals, busy entrepreneurial activity without forming a legal entity.
Application area. Definitions
2.4.1. This chapter of the Rules applies to air lines power transmission alternating current voltage up to 1 kV, performed using insulated or non-insulated wires.
Additional requirements for overhead lines up to 1 kV are given in Chapters 2.5, 6.3 and 7.7.
Cable inserts into the line and cable branches from the line must be made in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 2.3.
2.4.2. An overhead power line (OHL) with voltage up to 1 kV is a device for transmitting and distributing electricity through insulated or non-insulated wires located in the open air and attached by linear fittings to supports, insulators or brackets, to the walls of buildings and to engineering structures.
An overhead power line with voltage up to 1 kV using self-supporting insulated wires (SIP) is designated VLI.
Self-supporting insulated wire - insulated conductors twisted into a bundle, and the supporting conductor can be either insulated or non-insulated. The mechanical load can be perceived either by the load-bearing core or by all conductors of the harness.
2.4.3. The overhead line is a section of the line from the supply transformer substation to the end support.
Linear branches or branches to the input can be connected to the overhead line.
A linear branch from an overhead line is a section of a line connected to the mainline of an overhead line that has more than two spans.
Branch from the overhead line to the input - the section from the support of the main line or linear branch to the clamp (input insulator).
The branch from the overhead line is allowed to be carried out in the span.
2.4.4. State of the overhead line in the calculations of the mechanical part:
normal mode - mode with unbroken wires;
emergency mode - mode with broken wires;
installation mode - mode under conditions of installation of supports and wires.
Mechanical calculation of overhead lines up to 1 kV in emergency mode is not performed.
General requirements
2.4.5. Mechanical calculation of overhead line elements must be carried out according to the methods outlined in Chapter 2.5.
2.4.6. Overhead power lines must be placed so that the supports do not block the entrances to buildings and courtyards and do not impede the movement of vehicles and pedestrians. In places where there is a danger of collision with vehicles (at entrances to courtyards, near road exits, at intersections of roads), supports must be protected from collision (for example, with bumper bollards).
2.4.7. On overhead line supports at a height of at least 2 m from the ground, after 250 m on the overhead line main line the following must be installed (marked): the serial number of the support; posters indicating the distances from the overhead line support to the cable communication line (on supports installed at a distance of less than 4 m to the communication cables), width security zone and telephone number of the owner of the overhead line.
2.4.8. When passing overhead lines through forests and green spaces, cutting down clearings is not required. In this case, the distance from the wires to trees and bushes at the greatest sag of the SIP and their greatest deviation should be at least 0.3 m.
When passing overhead lines with bare wires through forests and green spaces, cutting down a clearing is not necessary. In this case, the distance from the wires at the greatest sag or greatest deviation to trees and bushes must be at least 1 m.
The distance from insulated wires to green spaces must be at least 0.5 m.
2.4.9. The structures of overhead line supports must be protected from corrosion taking into account the requirements of 2.5.25, 2.5.26 and building codes.
2.4.10. Protection of overhead lines from electrical overloads should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 3.1.
Climatic conditions
2.4.11. Climatic conditions for calculating overhead lines up to 1 kV in normal mode should be accepted as for overhead lines up to 20 kV in accordance with 2.5.38-2.5.74. In this case, for overhead lines up to 1 kV the following should be taken:
when calculating according to 2.5.52: = 1.1 - for SIP, free or covered with ice;
when calculating according to 2.5.54 and 2.5.55:
0.8 - for single-circuit overhead lines;
0.9 - for single-circuit overhead lines with suspension on PV supports;
1.0 and 1.2 - for double-circuit and multi-circuit overhead lines, as well as when hanging a self-supporting non-metallic optical cable (OSN) on overhead line supports;
1.0 and 1.0 - in all cases.
2.4.12. Calculation of the span length of the branch from the overhead line to the input according to 2.4.20 must be carried out in icy conditions for two cases:
1) the wind direction is at an angle of 90° to the overhead line axis, the overhead line wires are covered with ice, the thickness of the ice wall on the branch wires;
2) wind direction along the overhead line (angle 0°), thickness of the ice wall on the branch wires .
In both cases, one should take into account the reduction in tension of the branch wires when the top of the support is deflected.
Wires. Linear fittings
2.4.13. As a rule, self-supporting insulated wires (SIP) should be used on overhead lines.
The SIP must be classified as protected and have insulation made of fire-resistant, light-stabilized synthetic material that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and ozone.
2.4.14. According to the conditions of mechanical strength, wires with the minimum cross-sections specified in Tables 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 should be used on the main lines of the overhead line, on the linear branch from the overhead line and on the branches to the inputs.
Table 2.4.1
Minimum permissible cross-sections of insulated wires
________________
* The cross-section of the core of self-supporting insulated wires, twisted into a bundle, without a supporting wire, is given in parentheses.
Table 2.4.2
Minimum permissible cross-sections of bare and insulated wires
Standard ice wall thickness, mm |
Wire material |
Wire cross-section on the main line and linear branch, mm |
Aluminum (A), |
||
Steel-aluminum (AS), |
||
15 or more |
A, AN |
|
2.4.15. When constructing overhead lines in places where operating experience has established the destruction of wires from corrosion (sea coasts, salt lakes, industrial areas and areas of saline sand), as well as in places where, based on research data, it is possible, self-supporting insulated wires with an insulated core should be used .
2.4.16. The overhead line, as a rule, should be made with wires of a constant cross-section.
2.4.17. Mechanical calculation of wires must be carried out using the permissible stress method for the conditions specified in 2.5.38-2.5.74. In this case, the voltages in the wires must not exceed the permissible voltages given in Table 2.4.3, and the distances from the wires to the surface of the earth, intersecting structures and grounded support elements must meet the requirements of this chapter.
Table 2.4.3
Permissible mechanical stress in overhead line wires up to 1 kV
Allowable stress, % tensile strength |
||
at highest load and lowest temperature |
at average annual temperature |
|
SIP with a cross section of 25-120 mm |
||
Aluminum cross-section, mm: |
||
From heat-treated and non-heat-treated aluminum alloy with cross-section, mm: |
||
Steel-aluminum section, mm: |
||
When calculating, the wire parameters given in Table 2.5.8 are used.
2.4.18. All types of mechanical loads and impacts on a self-supporting insulated wire with a load-bearing wire must be absorbed by this core, and on a self-supporting insulated wire without a support wire - all cores of the twisted bundle must be absorbed.
2.4.19. The span length of the branch from the overhead line to the input must be determined by calculation depending on the strength of the support on which the branch is made, the height of the suspension of the branch wires on the support and at the input, the number and cross-section of the cores of the branch wires.
When distances from the overhead line main to the building exceed the calculated values of the branch span, the required number of additional supports is installed.
2.4.20. Selecting the cross-section of current-carrying conductors for a long time permissible current should be carried out taking into account the requirements of Chapter 1.3.
The cross-section of current-carrying conductors must be checked for heating conditions during short circuits (short circuits) and for thermal resistance.
2.4.21. Fastening, connecting SIP and connecting to SIP should be done as follows:
1) fastening the VLI main wire to intermediate and corner intermediate supports - using supporting clamps;
2) fastening of the VLI main wire on anchor-type supports, as well as end fastening of the branch wires on the VLI support and at the input - using tension clamps;
3) connection of the VLI wire in the span - using special connecting clamps; in the loops of anchor-type supports, it is allowed to connect an uninsulated support wire using a die clamp. Connecting clamps intended for connecting the supporting wire in a span must have a mechanical strength of at least 90% of the breaking force of the wire;
4) connection of phase wires of the VLI main line - using connecting clamps having an insulating coating or a protective insulating shell;
5) connecting wires in the span of the branch to the input is not allowed;
6) connection of grounding conductors - using die clamps;
7) branch clamps should be used in the following cases:
branches from phase conductors, with the exception of self-supporting insulated wires with all supporting conductors of the bundle;
branches from the carrier core.
2.4.22. Fastening of support and tension clamps to overhead line supports, walls of buildings and structures should be done using hooks and brackets.
2.4.23. The design forces in supporting and tension clamps, fastening units and brackets in normal mode should not exceed 40% of their mechanical breaking load.
2.4.24. Connections of wires in overhead line spans should be made using connecting clamps that provide mechanical strength of at least 90% of the breaking force of the wire.
In one span of an overhead line, no more than one connection per wire is allowed.
In the spans of intersection of overhead lines with engineering structures, the connection of overhead line wires is not allowed.
The connection of wires in the loops of anchor supports must be made using clamps or welding.
Wires of different brands or sections should be connected only in the loops of anchor supports.
2.4.25. It is recommended to fasten bare wires to insulators and insulating cross-arms on overhead line supports, with the exception of supports for intersections, in a single manner.
Fastening of bare wires to pin insulators on intermediate supports should be done, as a rule, on the neck of the insulator on its inner side in relation to the support post.
2.4.26. Hooks and pins must be calculated in normal operation of overhead lines using the destructive load method.
In this case, the forces should not exceed the values given in 2.5.101.
Location of wires on supports
2.4.27. Any arrangement of insulated and non-insulated overhead line wires is allowed on supports, regardless of the area of climatic conditions. The neutral wire of an overhead line with bare wires, as a rule, should be located below the phase wires. Insulated outdoor lighting wires laid on VLI supports can be placed above or below the SIP, and can also be twisted into a SIP bundle. Uninsulated and insulated outdoor lighting wires laid on overhead line supports should, as a rule, be located above PEN (PE) overhead line conductor.
2.4.28. Devices installed on supports for connecting electrical receivers must be placed at a height of at least 1.6 m from the ground surface.
Protective and sectioning devices installed on supports must be placed below the overhead line wires.
2.4.29. The distances between bare wires on the support and in the span, according to the conditions of their approach in the span with the greatest sag up to 1.2 m, must be no less than:
at vertical arrangement wires and the location of wires with a horizontal displacement of no more than 20 cm: 40 cm in regions I, II and III on ice, 60 cm in regions IV and special regions on ice;
with other wire locations in all areas on ice at wind speeds during ice: up to 18 m/s - 40 cm, more than 18 m/s - 60 cm.
If the maximum sag is more than 1.2 m, the indicated distances must be increased in proportion to the ratio of the largest sag to the sag equal to 1.2 m.
2.4.30. The vertical distance between insulated and non-insulated wires of overhead lines of different phases on a support when branching from an overhead line and when crossing different overhead lines on a common support must be at least 10 cm.
The distance from the overhead line wires to any support elements must be at least 5 cm.
2.4.31. When jointly suspended on common supports of overhead lines and overhead lines up to 1 kV, the vertical distance between them on the support and in the span at an ambient temperature of plus 15 ° C without wind should be at least 0.4 m.
2.4.32. When jointly suspended on common supports of two or more VLIs, the distance between the SIP bundles must be at least 0.3 m.
2.4.33. When jointly suspending overhead line wires up to 1 kV and overhead line wires up to 20 kV on common supports, the vertical distance between the nearest overhead line wires of different voltages on a common support, as well as in the middle of the span at an ambient temperature of plus 15 °C without wind, should be no less than:
1.0 m - when hanging SIP with an insulated carrier and with all carrier wires;
1.75 m - when hanging SIP with a non-insulated support wire;
2.0 m - when hanging uninsulated and insulated overhead line wires up to 1 kV.
2.4.34. When suspended on common supports of overhead line wires up to 1 kV and protected wires of overhead line 6-20 kV (see 2.5.1), the vertical distance between the nearest wires of overhead line up to 1 kV and overhead line 6-20 kV on the support and in the span at a temperature of plus 15 °C without wind should be at least 0.3 m for SIP and 1.5 m for uninsulated and insulated overhead line wires up to 1 kV.
Insulation
2.4.35. Self-supporting insulated wire is attached to supports without the use of insulators.
2.4.36. On overhead lines with bare and insulated wires, regardless of the material of the supports, the degree of atmospheric pollution and the intensity of lightning activity, insulators or cross-arms made of insulating materials.
The selection and calculation of insulators and fittings are carried out in accordance with 2.5.100.
2.4.37. On the supports of branches from overhead lines with bare and insulated wires, as a rule, multi-neck or additional insulators should be used.
Grounding. Surge protection
2.4.38. The overhead line supports must have grounding devices designed for re-grounding, protection against lightning surges, and grounding of electrical equipment installed on the overhead line supports. The resistance of the grounding device must be no more than 30 Ohms.
2.4.39. Metal supports, metal constructions and reinforcement of reinforced concrete support elements must be connected to PEN-to the conductor.
2.4.40. On reinforced concrete supports PEN- the conductor should be connected to the reinforcement of reinforced concrete racks and support struts.
2.4.41. Hooks and pins of wooden overhead line supports, as well as metal and reinforced concrete supports, when suspended on them, self-supporting insulated wires with an insulated supporting conductor or with all the supporting conductors of the bundle are not subject to grounding, with the exception of hooks and pins on the supports, where repeated grounding and grounding are performed for protection from atmospheric conditions overvoltage.
2.4.42. Hooks, pins and fittings of overhead line supports with voltage up to 1 kV, limiting the span of the intersection, as well as supports on which joint suspension is carried out, must be grounded.
2.4.43. On wooden overhead line supports, when transitioning to a cable line, the grounding conductor must be connected to PEN- the overhead line conductor and the metal sheath of the cable.
2.4.44. Protective devices installed on overhead line supports for protection against lightning surges must be connected to the ground electrode with a separate descent.
2.4.45. The connection of grounding conductors to each other, their connection to the upper grounding outlets of reinforced concrete poles, to hooks and brackets, as well as to grounded metal structures and to grounded electrical equipment installed on overhead line supports must be performed by welding or bolted connections.
The connection of grounding conductors (descents) to the ground electrode in the ground must also be carried out by welding or have bolted connections.
2.4.46. In populated areas with one- and two-story buildings, overhead lines must have grounding devices designed to protect against atmospheric surges. The resistance of these grounding devices should be no more than 30 Ohms, and the distance between them should be no more than 200 m for areas with up to 40 thunderstorm hours per year, 100 m for areas with more than 40 thunderstorm hours per year.
In addition, grounding devices must be made:
1) on supports with branches to inputs into buildings in which concentrations may be concentrated a large number of people (schools, nurseries, hospitals) or who are of great material value (livestock and poultry buildings, warehouses);
2) at the end supports of lines that have branches to the inputs, while the greatest distance from the adjacent grounding of the same lines should be no more than 100 m for areas with the number of thunderstorm hours per year up to 40 and 50 m - for areas with the number of thunderstorm hours per year more than 40.
2.4.47. At the beginning and end of each VLI highway, it is recommended to install clamps on the wires for connecting voltage monitoring devices and portable grounding.
It is recommended to combine grounding devices for lightning surge protection with re-grounding PEN- conductor.
2.4.48. Requirements for grounding devices for re-grounding and protective conductors are given in 1.7.102, 1.7.103, 1.7.126. It is allowed to use round steel with an anti-corrosion coating with a diameter of at least 6 mm as grounding conductors on overhead line supports.
2.4.49. The guy wires of overhead line supports must be connected to the grounding conductor.
Supports
2.4.50. On overhead lines, supports made of various materials can be used.
For overhead lines, the following types of supports should be used:
1) intermediate, installed on straight sections of the overhead line route. In normal operating modes, these supports should not absorb forces directed along the overhead line;
2) anchor, installed to limit the anchor span, as well as in places where the number, grades and cross-sections of overhead line wires change. In normal operating conditions, these supports must absorb forces from the difference in tension of the wires directed along the overhead line;
3) angular, installed in places where the direction of the overhead line route changes. Under normal operating conditions, these supports must absorb the resulting load from the tension of the wires of adjacent spans. Corner supports can be intermediate or anchor type;
4) end ones, installed at the beginning and end of overhead lines, as well as in places limiting cable inserts. They are anchor-type supports and must withstand the one-sided pull of all wires in normal operating modes of overhead lines.
The supports on which branches from overhead lines are made are called branch supports; supports on which the overhead line is crossed different directions or the intersection of overhead lines with engineering structures - cross. These supports can be of all specified types.
2.4.51. The support structures must provide the ability to install:
street lighting fixtures of all types;
cable terminations;
protective devices;
sectioning and switching devices;
cabinets and panels for connecting electrical receivers.
2.4.52. Supports, regardless of their type, can be free-standing, with struts or guys.
Support braces can be attached to anchors installed in the ground, or to stone, brick, reinforced concrete and metal elements of buildings and structures. The cross section of the guy wires is determined by calculation. They can be stranded or made of round steel. The cross-section of single-wire steel guys must be at least 25 mm.
2.4.53. Overhead line supports must be calculated based on the first and second limit states in normal operation of the overhead line under climatic conditions according to 2.4.11 and 2.4.12.
Intermediate supports must be designed for the following combinations of loads:
simultaneous impact of transverse wind load on the wires, free or covered with ice, and on the support structure, as well as the load from the tension of the branch wires to the inputs, free from ice or partially covered with ice (according to 2.4.12);
on the load from the tension of the branch wires to the inputs covered with ice, while taking into account the deflection of the support under the influence of the load is allowed;
for a conditional design load equal to 1.5 kN, applied to the top of the support and directed along the axis of the overhead line.
Corner supports (intermediate and anchor) must be designed for the resulting load from the tension of wires and wind load on the wires and support structure.
Anchor supports must be designed for the difference in tension between wires of adjacent spans and the lateral load from wind pressure with and without ice on the wires and support structure. The smallest value of the tension difference should be taken as 50% of the largest value of the one-sided tension of all wires.
End supports must be designed for one-way tension of all wires.
Branch supports are calculated for the resulting load from the tension of all wires.
2.4.54. When installing supports on flooded sections of the route, where soil erosion or exposure to ice drift is possible, the supports must be strengthened (filling with soil, paving, installing benches, installing ice cutters).
Dimensions, intersections and approaches
2.4.55. The vertical distance from the VLI wires to the surface of the earth in populated and uninhabited areas to the ground and roadways of streets must be at least 5 m. It can be reduced in hard-to-reach areas to 2.5 m and in inaccessible areas (mountain slopes, rocks, cliffs) - up to 1 m.
When crossing impassable parts of streets with branches from overhead lines to building entrances, the distance from the self-supporting insulation system to the sidewalks of pedestrian paths can be reduced to 3.5 m.
The distance from self-supporting insulated wires and insulated wires to the ground surface on branches to the input must be at least 2.5 m.
The distance from bare wires to the ground surface on branches to inputs must be at least 2.75 m.
2.4.56. The distance from the overhead line wires in populated and uninhabited areas with the greatest sag of the wires to the ground and roadways must be at least 6 m. The distance from the wires to the ground can be reduced in hard-to-reach areas to 3.5 m and in inaccessible areas (mountain slopes , rocks, cliffs) - up to 1 m.
2.4.57. The horizontal distance from self-supporting insulated wires at their greatest deviation to elements of buildings and structures must be no less than:
1.0 m - to balconies, terraces and windows;
0.2 m - to the blank walls of buildings and structures.
It is allowed to pass overhead lines and overhead lines with insulated wires over the roofs of buildings and structures (except as specified in Chapters 7.3 and 7.4), and the vertical distance from them to the wires must be at least 2.5 m.
2.4.58. The horizontal distance from overhead line wires at their greatest deviation to buildings and structures must be no less than:
1.5 m - to balconies, terraces and windows;
1.0 m - to blank walls.
The passage of overhead lines with uninsulated wires over buildings and structures is not allowed.
2.4.59. The shortest distance from self-supporting insulated wires and overhead line wires to the surface of the earth or water, as well as to various structures when overhead lines pass over them, is determined by highest temperature air without taking into account the heating of overhead line wires by electric current.
2.4.60. When laying along the walls of buildings and structures, the minimum distance from the SIP should be:
for horizontal installation
above the window, front door - 0.3 m;
under the balcony, window, cornice - 0.5 m;
to the ground - 2.5 m;
for vertical installation
to the window - 0.5 m;
to the balcony, front door- 1.0 m.
The clear distance between the SIP and the wall of the building or structure must be at least 0.06 m.
2.4.61. Horizontal distances from underground parts of supports or support grounding conductors to underground cables, pipelines and above-ground columns for various purposes must be no less than those given in Table 2.4.4.
Table 2.4.4
The smallest permissible horizontal distance from the underground parts of supports or grounding devices of supports to underground cables, pipelines and above-ground columns
2.4.62. When crossing overhead lines with various structures, as well as with streets and squares of populated areas, the intersection angle is not standardized.
2.4.63. Crossing overhead lines with navigable rivers and canals is not recommended. If it is necessary to perform such an intersection, overhead lines must be constructed in accordance with the requirements of 2.5.268-2.5.272. When crossing non-navigable rivers and canals, the shortest distances from the overhead line wires to the highest water level should be at least 2 m, and to the ice level - at least 6 m.
2.4.64. The intersection and convergence of overhead lines with voltages up to 1 kV with overhead lines with voltages above 1 kV, as well as the joint suspension of their wires on common supports must be carried out in compliance with the requirements given in 2.5.220-2.5.230.
2.4.65. It is recommended to cross overhead lines (VLI) up to 1 kV with each other on cross supports; their intersection in the span is also allowed. The vertical distance between the wires of intersecting overhead lines (VLI) must be at least: 0.1 m on the support, 1 m in the span.
2.4.66. In places where overhead lines up to 1 kV cross each other, intermediate supports and anchor-type supports can be used.
When crossing overhead lines up to 1 kV in a span, the intersection location should be chosen as close as possible to the support of the upper intersecting overhead line, while the horizontal distance from the supports of the intersecting overhead line to the wires of the crossed overhead line at their greatest deviation should be at least 2 m.
2.4.67. With parallel passage and proximity of overhead lines up to 1 kV and overhead lines above 1 kV, the horizontal distance between them must be no less than those specified in 2.5.230.
2.4.68. Joint suspension of overhead line wires up to 1 kV and bare overhead line wires up to 20 kV on common supports is permitted subject to the following conditions:
2) wires of overhead lines up to 20 kV should be located above wires of overhead lines up to 1 kV;
3) overhead line wires up to 20 kV, fixed to pin insulators, must have double fastening.
2.4.69. When hanging overhead line wires up to 1 kV and protected overhead line wires 6-20 kV on common supports, the following requirements must be met:
1) Overhead lines up to 1 kV must be carried out according to the design climatic conditions of overhead lines up to 20 kV;
2) the wires of overhead lines 6-20 kV should be located, as a rule, above the wires of overhead lines up to 1 kV;
3) the fastening of 6-20 kV overhead line wires on pin insulators must be reinforced.
2.4.70. When crossing an overhead line (VLI) with an overhead line with a voltage higher than 1 kV, the distance from the wires of the crossing overhead line to the crossed overhead line (VLI) must comply with the requirements given in 2.5.221 and 2.5.227.
The cross-section of the wires of the crossed overhead line must be taken in accordance with 2.5.223.
Intersections, approaches, joint suspension of overhead lines with communication lines, wire broadcasting and radio communications
2.4.71. The angle of intersection of the overhead line with the LS* and LPV should be as close as possible to 90°. For cramped conditions, the intersection angle is not standardized.
_______________
* LAN should be understood as communication lines of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation and other departments, as well as signaling lines of the Ministry of Railways.
LPV should be understood as wire broadcast lines.
According to their purpose, overhead communication lines are divided into long-distance telephone lines (MTS), rural telephone lines (RTC), city telephone lines (TCL), and wire broadcast lines (LTV).
Based on their importance, overhead communication lines and wire broadcasting are divided into classes:
MTS and STS lines: MTS main lines connecting Moscow with republican, regional and regional centers and the latter among themselves, and lines of the Ministry of Railways running along railways and on the territory of railway stations (class I); intrazonal MTS lines connecting republican, regional and regional centers with district centers and the latter among themselves, and STS connecting lines (class II); STS subscriber lines (class III);
GTS lines are not divided into classes;
wired broadcast lines: feeder lines with a rated voltage above 360 V (class I); feeder lines with a rated voltage of up to 360 V and subscriber lines with a voltage of 15 and 30 V (class II).
2.4.72. The vertical distance from the overhead line wires to the wires or overhead cables of the LAN and LPV in the intersection span at the greatest sag of the overhead line wire should be:
from self-supporting insulated wires and insulated wires - at least 1 m;
from bare wires - at least 1.25 m.
2.4.73. The vertical distance from the overhead line wires up to 1 kV to the wires or overhead cables of the LAN or LPV when crossing on a common support should be:
between SIP and LS or LPV - at least 0.5 m;
between the uninsulated wire of the overhead line and the LPV - at least 1.5 m.
2.4.74. The intersection of the overhead line wires with the wires or overhead cables of the LAN and LPV in the span should be as close as possible to the overhead line support, but not less than 2 m from it.
2.4.75. The intersection of overhead lines with drugs and LPs can be performed using one of the following options:
1) overhead line wires and insulated LS and LPV wires;
2) overhead line wires and underground or overhead cable LAN and LPV;
3) overhead line wires and bare LS and LPV wires;
4) an underground cable insert into an overhead line with insulated and non-insulated LS and LPV wires.
2.4.76. When crossing overhead line wires with insulated LS and LPV wires, the following requirements must be met:
2) the intersection of uninsulated overhead line wires with LAN wires, as well as with LPV wires with voltages above 360 V, should only be carried out in the span. The intersection of uninsulated overhead line wires with LPV wires with voltages up to 360 V can be carried out both in the span and on a common support;
3) overhead line supports that limit the span of intersection with LANs of backbone and intra-zonal communication networks and STS connecting lines, as well as LPVs with voltages above 360 V, must be of the anchor type. When crossing all other lines and overhead lines, overhead line supports of an intermediate type, reinforced with an additional attachment or strut, are allowed;
4) overhead line wires should be located above the LAN and LPV wires. On the supports that limit the span of the intersection, non-insulated and insulated overhead line wires must have double fastening, self-supporting insulated wires are secured with anchor clamps. LAN and LPV wires on supports limiting the span of the intersection must have double fastening. In cities and urban-type settlements, newly constructed power lines and overhead power lines are allowed to be located above overhead power line wires with voltages up to 1 kV.
2.4.77. When crossing overhead line wires with underground or overhead cables of LAN and LPV, the following requirements must be met:
1) distance from the underground part of the metal or reinforced concrete support and ground electrode wooden support to the underground cable of the LAN and LPV in a populated area, as a rule, there should be at least 3 m. In cramped conditions, these distances can be reduced to 1 m (subject to the permissibility of interfering influences on the LAN and LPV); in this case the cable must be laid in steel pipe or covered with channel or angle steel along a length on both sides of the support of at least 3 m;
2) in an uninhabited area, the distance from the underground part or grounding switch of the overhead line support to the underground cable of the LAN and LPV must be no less than the values given in Table 2.4.5;
Table 2.4.5
The shortest distance from the underground part and the ground electrode of the overhead line support to the underground cable LS and LPV
in an uninhabited area
Equivalent earth resistivity, Ohm m |
Minimum distance, m, from underground cable LAN and LPV |
|
to the ground electrode or the underground part of the reinforced concrete and metal support |
to the underground part of a wooden support that does not have a grounding device |
|
More than 100 to 500 |
||
More than 500 to 1000 |
||
3) overhead line wires should be located, as a rule, above the overhead cable of the LAN and LPV (see also 2.4.76, clause 4);
4) connection of overhead line wires in the intersection span with overhead cable LS and LPV is not allowed. The cross-section of the supporting core of the SIP must be at least 35 mm. Overhead line wires must be multi-wire with a cross-section of at least: aluminum - 35 mm, steel-aluminum - 25 mm; cross-section of the SIP core with all supporting conductors of the bundle - at least 25 mm;
5) the metal sheath of the overhead cable and the cable on which the cable is suspended must be grounded on the supports limiting the span of the intersection;
6) the horizontal distance from the base of the LS and LPV cable support to the projection of the nearest overhead line wire onto the horizontal plane must be no less than the greatest height of the intersection span support.
2.4.78. When crossing VLI with bare wires of LS and LPV, the following requirements must be met:
1) the intersection of VLI with LS and LPV can be carried out in the span and on a support;
2) VLI supports that limit the span of the intersection with the LAN of the main and intra-zonal communication networks and with the connecting lines of the STS must be of the anchor type. When crossing all other LS and LPV on the overhead line, the use of intermediate supports reinforced with an additional attachment or strut is allowed;
3) the supporting core of the SIP or bundle with all supporting conductors at the intersection must have a tensile safety factor at the highest design loads of at least 2.5;
4) the VLI wires should be located above the LAN and LPV wires. On the supports that limit the span of the intersection, the supporting wires of self-supporting insulated wires must be secured with tension clamps. VLI wires may be placed under the LPV wires. In this case, the LPV wires on the supports limiting the span of the intersection must have double fastening;
5) connection of the load-bearing core and load-bearing conductors of the SIP harness, as well as LS and LPV wires in intersection spans is not allowed.
2.4.79. When crossing insulated and non-insulated overhead line wires with non-insulated LAN and LPV wires, the following requirements must be met:
1) the intersection of overhead line wires with LAN wires, as well as LPV wires with voltages above 360 V, should only be carried out in the span.
The intersection of overhead line wires with subscriber and feeder lines of overhead power lines with voltages up to 360 V can be carried out on overhead line supports;
2) overhead line supports limiting the span of the intersection must be of the anchor type;
3) LS wires, both steel and non-ferrous metal, must have a tensile safety factor at the highest design loads of at least 2.2;
4) overhead line wires should be located above the LAN and LPV wires. On the supports that limit the span of the intersection, the overhead line wires must have double fastening. Overhead line wires with voltages of 380/220 V and below may be placed under the wires of LPV and GTS lines. In this case, the wires of LPV and GTS lines on the supports limiting the span of the intersection must have double fastening;
5) connection of overhead line wires, as well as LAN and LPV wires in intersection spans is not allowed. Overhead line wires must be stranded with cross-sections of at least: aluminum - 35 mm, steel-aluminum - 25 mm.
2.4.80. When crossing an underground cable insert in an overhead line with bare and insulated LAN and LPV wires, the following requirements must be met:
1) the distance from the underground cable insert in the overhead line to the support of the LAN and LPV and its grounding conductor must be at least 1 m, and when laying the cable in an insulating pipe - at least 0.5 m;
2) the horizontal distance from the base of the overhead line cable support to the projection of the nearest LAN and LPV wire onto the horizontal plane must be no less than the greatest height of the intersection span support.
2.4.81. The horizontal distance between the VLI wires and the LS and LPV wires when passing parallel or approaching must be at least 1 m.
When approaching overhead lines with overhead lines and LPVs, the horizontal distance between the insulated and non-insulated wires of the overhead line and the wires of the LS and LPVs must be at least 2 m. In cramped conditions, this distance can be reduced to 1.5 m. In all other cases, the distance between the lines should be no less than the height of the highest support of overhead lines, LS and LPV.
When approaching overhead lines with underground or overhead cables of LAN and LPV, the distances between them must be taken in accordance with 2.4.77 clauses 1 and 5.
2.4.82. The proximity of overhead lines to antenna structures of transmitting radio centers, receiving radio centers, designated receiving points for wired broadcasting and local radio centers is not standardized.
2.4.83. The wires from the overhead line support to the entrance to the building should not intersect with the wires of branches from the LAN and LPV, and they should be located at the same level or above the LAN and LPV. The horizontal distance between overhead line wires and LAN and LPV wires, television cables and descents from radio antennas at the inputs must be at least 0.5 m for self-supporting insulated wires and 1.5 m for uninsulated overhead line wires.
2.4.84. Joint suspension of rural telephone overhead cable and overhead lines is allowed if the following requirements are met:
1) the zero core of the SIP must be insulated;
2) the distance from the SIP to the overhead cable of the STS in the span and on the VLI support must be at least 0.5 m;
3) each VLI support must have a grounding device, and the grounding resistance must be no more than 10 Ohms;
4) each VLI support must be re-grounded PEN- conductor;
5) the supporting rope of the telephone cable, together with the metal mesh outer cover of the cable, must be connected to the ground electrode of each support by a separate independent conductor (descent).
2.4.85. Joint suspension on common supports of non-insulated wires of overhead lines, LANs and LPVs is not allowed.
On common supports, joint suspension of non-insulated overhead line wires and insulated LPV wires is allowed. In this case, the following conditions must be met:
1) the rated voltage of the overhead line must be no more than 380 V;
3) the distance from the lower wires of the LPV to the ground, between the LPV circuits and their wires must comply with the requirements of the current rules of the Russian Ministry of Communications;
4) uninsulated overhead line wires should be located above the LPV wires; in this case, the vertical distance from the bottom wire of the overhead line to the top wire of the LPV must be at least 1.5 m on the support, and at least 1.25 m in the span; when the LPV wires are located on brackets, this distance is taken from the bottom wire of the overhead line, located on the same side as the LPV wires.
2.4.86. On common supports, joint suspension of SIP VLI with non-insulated or insulated LS and LPV wires is allowed. In this case, the following conditions must be met:
1) the rated voltage of the VLI must be no more than 380 V;
2) the rated voltage of the LPV should be no more than 360 V;
3) the rated voltage of the LAN, the calculated mechanical stress in the wires of the LAN, the distances from the lower wires of the LAN and LPV to the ground, between the circuits and their wires must comply with the requirements of the current rules of the Ministry of Communications of Russia;
4) VLI wires up to 1 kV should be located above the LAN and LPV wires; in this case, the vertical distance from the self-supporting insulated wire to the upper wire of the LS and LPV, regardless of their relative position, must be at least 0.5 m on the support and in the span. It is recommended to place the VLI and LS and LPV wires on different sides of the support.
2.4.87. Joint suspension of uninsulated overhead line wires and LAN cables on common supports is not allowed. Joint suspension of overhead line wires with a voltage of no more than 380 V and LPV cables on common supports is permitted subject to the conditions specified in 2.4.85.
OKNN optical fibers must meet the requirements of 2.5.192 and 2.5.193.
2.4.88. Joint suspension of overhead line wires with a voltage of no more than 380 V and telemechanics wires on common supports is allowed if the requirements given in 2.4.85 and 2.4.86 are met, and also if the remote control circuits are not used as wired telephone communication channels.
2.4.89. Suspension of fiber-optic communication cables (OK) is allowed on overhead line (VLI) supports:
non-metallic self-supporting (OSSN);
non-metallic, wound onto a phase wire or SIP harness (OKNN).
Mechanical calculations of overhead line (VLI) supports with OKSN and OKNN must be carried out for the initial conditions specified in 2.4.11 and 2.4.12.
The overhead line supports on which the OC is suspended and their fastenings in the ground must be designed taking into account the additional loads arising in this case.
The distance from the OKSN to the surface of the earth in populated and uninhabited areas must be at least 5 m.
The distances between the wires of overhead lines up to 1 kV and OCSN on the support and in the span must be at least 0.4 m.
Intersections and approaches of overhead lines with engineering structures
2.4.90. When crossing and paralleling overhead lines with iron and highways The requirements set out in Chapter 2.5 must be met.
Crossings can also be made using a cable insert into the overhead line.
2.4.91. When approaching overhead lines to highways, the distance from the overhead line wires to road signs and their supporting cables must be at least 1 m. The supporting cables must be grounded with a grounding device resistance of no more than 10 Ohms.
2.4.92. When crossing and approaching overhead lines with contact wires and supporting cables of tram and trolleybus lines, the following requirements must be met:
1) Overhead lines should, as a rule, be located outside the area occupied by overhead contact network structures, including supports.
In this area, overhead line supports must be of the anchor type, and bare wires must have double fastening;
2) overhead line wires must be located above the supporting cables of the contact wires. Overhead line wires must be multi-wire with a cross-section of at least: aluminum - 35 mm, steel-aluminum - 25 mm, self-supporting insulated wire core - 35 mm, cross-section of the self-supporting insulated wire with all supporting conductors of the bundle - at least 25 mm. Connecting overhead line wires in crossing spans is not allowed;
3) the distance from the overhead line wires at the greatest sag must be at least 8 m to the rail head of the tram line and 10.5 m to the roadway of the street in the trolleybus line area.
In all cases, the distance from the overhead line wires to the supporting cable or contact wire must be at least 1.5 m;
4) the intersection of overhead lines with contact wires at the locations of the crossbars is prohibited;
5) joint suspension on the supports of trolleybus lines of contact wires and overhead line wires with a voltage of no more than 380 V is allowed subject to the following conditions: trolleybus line supports must have mechanical strength sufficient for hanging overhead line wires, the distance between the overhead line wires and the bracket or device for fastening the supporting cable of the overhead line wires must be at least 1.5 m.
2.4.93. When crossing and approaching overhead lines with cable cars and overhead metal pipelines, the following requirements must be met:
1) The overhead line must pass under the cable car; the passage of overhead lines over the cable car is not allowed;
2) cable cars must have walkways or nets at the bottom for fencing the overhead line wires;
3) when an overhead line passes under a cableway or under a pipeline, the overhead line wires must be at a distance from them: at least 1 m - with the smallest sag of the wires to the walkways or enclosing nets of the cableway or to the pipeline; not less than 1 m - with the greatest sag and the greatest deviation of the wires to the elements of the cable car or to the pipeline;
4) when crossing an overhead line with a pipeline, the distance from the overhead line wires at their greatest sag to the pipeline elements must be at least 1 m. The overhead line supports limiting the span of the intersection with the pipeline must be of the anchor type. The pipeline in the crossing span must be grounded, the resistance of the ground electrode is no more than 10 Ohms;
5) when running an overhead line in parallel with a cable car or pipeline, the horizontal distance from the overhead line wires to the cable car or pipeline must be at least the height of the support, and in cramped sections of the route with the greatest deviation of the wires - at least 1 m.
2.4.94. When approaching overhead lines with fire and explosion hazardous installations and with airfields, one should be guided by the requirements given in 2.5.278, 2.5.291 and 2.5.292.
2.4.95. The passage of overhead lines up to 1 kV with insulated and non-insulated wires is not allowed through the territories of sports facilities, schools (general education and boarding schools), technical schools, preschool institutions (nurseries, kindergartens, children's factories), orphanages, children's playgrounds, as well as on the territories of children's health camps.
In the above territories (except for sports and playgrounds), the passage of overhead power lines is allowed, provided that the zero core of the SIP must be insulated, and its total conductivity must be no less than the conductivity of the phase core of the SIP.
RULES FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Seventh edition
Section 4
SWITCHGEARS AND SUBSTATIONS
Chapter 4.1
SWITCH DEVICES WITH VOLTAGE UP TO 1 KV AC AND UP TO 1.5 KV DC
Date of introduction 2003-11-01
Preface
DEVELOPED taking into account the requirements of state standards, building codes and regulations, recommendations of scientific and technical councils for reviewing draft chapters. Draft chapters were reviewed by the working groups of the Coordination Council for the revision of the EMP
PREPARED BY JSC "Institute Teploelektroproekt"
AGREED in accordance with the established procedure with the Gosstroy of Russia, Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, RAO "UES of Russia" (JSC "VNIIE")
APPROVED by the Ministry of Energy of Russia, order dated June 20, 2003 N 242
The requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules are mandatory for all organizations, regardless of ownership and organizational and legal forms, as well as for individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity
Application area
4.1.1. This chapter of the Rules applies to switchgears (RU) and low-voltage complete devices (LVDs) up to 1 kV AC and up to 1.5 kV direct current, installed indoors and outdoors and made in the form of distribution boards, control boards, relay boards, consoles, cabinets, bus terminals, assemblies.
Additional requirements for special-purpose switchgear are given in the relevant chapters of Section 7.
The terms and definitions contained in clauses 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.6, 4.2.8, 4.2.11, 4.2.12 are also valid for this chapter.
General requirements
4.1.2. The selection of wires, busbars, devices, devices and structures must be made both according to normal operating conditions (compliance with operating voltage and current, accuracy class, etc.) and according to operating conditions during a short circuit (thermal and dynamic effects, switching capacity) .
4.1.3. Switchgears and NKU must have clear inscriptions indicating the purpose of individual circuits, panels, and devices. The inscriptions must be made on front side device, and when servicing from both sides, also on the rear side of the device (see also Chapter 3.4). Switchgears, as a rule, must have a mimic diagram.
4.1.4. The switchgear parts related to circuits of various types of current and various voltages must be designed and placed in such a way that they can be clearly recognized.
4.1.5. The relative positions of phases and poles throughout the entire device must be the same. Tires must have the color specified in Chapter 1.1. The switchgear must be provided with the possibility of installing portable protective grounding connections.
4.1.6. All metal parts of the switchgear and NKU must have an anti-corrosion coating.
4.1.7. Grounding and protective safety measures must be carried out in accordance with Chapter 1.7.
Installation of instruments and apparatus
4.1.8. Apparatuses and instruments should be located so that sparks or electric arcs could not cause harm to operating personnel, ignite or damage surrounding objects, or cause a short circuit or ground fault.
4.1.9. Chopping-type devices must be installed so that they cannot close the circuit spontaneously under the influence of gravity. Their moving live parts in the off position, as a rule, should not be energized.
4.1.10. Switches with direct manual control(without a drive), designed to turn on and off the load current and having contacts facing the operator, must be protected by fireproof shells without holes and cracks. The specified switches, intended only for relieving voltage, are allowed to be installed openly, provided that they are inaccessible to unqualified personnel.
4.1.11. On the drives of switching devices, the “on” and “off” positions must be clearly indicated.
4.1.12. It must be possible to relieve tension from each circuit breaker during its repair or dismantling. For this purpose, switches or other disconnecting devices must be installed in the required places. A disconnecting device in front of the switch of each line departing from the switchgear is not required to be provided in electrical installations:
- — with retractable switches;
- with stationary switches, in which, during repair or dismantling of this switch, it is permissible to remove voltage by a common device from a group of switches or from the entire switchgear;
- with stationary switches, if it is possible to safely dismantle live switches using an insulated tool.
4.1.13. Threaded (plug) fuses must be installed so that the supply wires are connected to the contact screw, and those going to the electrical receivers are connected to the screw sleeve (see Chapter 3.1).
4.1.14. Installation of instruments and devices on switchgear and low-voltage switchgears should be carried out in an area from 400 to 2000 mm from the floor level. Manual operational control devices (switches, buttons) are recommended to be located at a height of no more than 1900 mm and no less than 700 mm from the floor level. It is recommended to install measuring instruments in such a way that the scale of each instrument is at a height of 1000-1800 mm from the floor.
Tires, wires, cables
4.1.15. Exposed live parts must generally have an insulating coating. Between fixedly fixed live parts of different polarity, as well as between them and open conductive parts, distances of at least 20 mm along the insulation surface and at least 12 mm in the air must be provided. From non-insulated live parts to fences, distances of at least 100 mm for mesh fences and 40 mm for solid removable fences must be provided.
4.1.16. Within panels, switchboards and cabinets installed in dry rooms, insulated wires with insulation rated for a voltage of at least 660 V can be laid on metal surfaces protected from corrosion close to each other. In these cases, the reduction factors for current loads given in Chapter 2.1 should be applied to power circuits.
4.1.17. Protective (PE) conductors and busbars can be laid without insulation. Zero working (N) conductors, busbars and combined (PEN) conductors are laid with insulation.
4.1.18. Electrical wiring of control, measurement and other circuits must comply with the requirements of Chapter 3.4. Cable laying must comply with Chapter 2.3. Cable passages both from below and from above, inside panels, cabinets, etc. must be carried out through sealing devices that prevent dust, moisture, foreign objects, etc. from entering.
Switchgear designs
4.1.19. The designs of switchgear, low-voltage switchgears and equipment installed in them must comply with the requirements of current standards.
4.1.20. Switchgears and NKU must be designed so that vibrations arising from the operation of devices, as well as from shocks caused by external influences, do not disrupt contact connections and do not cause misalignment of devices and devices.
4.1.21. The surfaces of hygroscopic insulating boards on which non-insulated live parts are directly mounted must be protected from moisture penetration (by impregnation, painting, etc.)
In devices installed in damp and especially damp rooms and open installations, the use of hygroscopic insulating materials (for example, marble, asbestos cement) is not allowed.
4.1.22. The designs of the switchgear and NKU must provide for the entry of cables without violating the degree of protection of the shell, space for laying the cutting of external connections, as well as the shortest cable cutting length in this design. Access to all serviced devices, instruments, devices and their clamps must be provided. The switchgear must have devices for connecting zero working (N), grounding (PE) and combined (PEN) conductors of external cables and wires. In the case when external cables cannot be connected directly to the device terminals by cross-section or quantity, the switchgear design must provide additional terminals or intermediate busbars with devices for connecting external cables. Switchgears and NKU must provide for cable entry both from below and from above, or only from below or only from above.
Installation of distribution devices in electrical rooms
4.1.23. In electrical rooms (see 1.1.5.), service passages located on the front or rear side of the switchboard must meet the following requirements:
- 1) the clear width of passages must be at least 0.8 m, the height of clear passages must be at least 1.9 m. The width of the passage must ensure convenient maintenance of the installation and movement of equipment. In some places, passages may be blocked by protruding building structures, however, the width of the passage in these places must be at least 0.6 m;
2) the distances from the most protruding unfenced uninsulated live parts (for example, disconnected knife switches) when they are located on one side at a height of less than 2.2 m to the opposite wall, fence or equipment that does not have unfenced uninsulated live parts, must be at least:
- — 1.0 m - for voltages below 660 V for a shield length of up to 7 and 1.2 m for a shield length of more than 7 m;
— 1.5 m - at a voltage of 660 V and above.
3) the distances between unfenced uninsulated live parts and those located at a height of less than 2.2 m when they are located on both sides must be no less than:
- — 1.5 m - at voltage below 660 V;
— 2.0 m - at a voltage of 660 V and above;
5) unprotected, uninsulated live parts located above passages must be located at a height of at least 2.2 m;
6) fences placed horizontally above passages must be located at a height of at least 1.9 m;
7) passages for servicing shields with a shield length of more than 7 m must have two exits. Exits from the passage on the installation side of the switchboard can be made both into the switchboard room and into rooms for other purposes. If the service passage width is more than 3 m and there are no oil-filled devices, the second exit is not necessary. Doors from switchgear rooms must open towards other rooms (with the exception of switchgears above 1 kV AC and above 1.5 kV DC) or outwards and have self-locking locks that can be unlocked without a key with inside premises. The width of the doors must be at least 0.75 m, height at least 1.9 m.
4.1.24. Meshes with mesh sizes of no more than 25x25 mm, as well as continuous or mixed fencing, can serve as fencing for non-insulated live parts. The height of the fences must be at least 1.7 m.
Installation of distribution devices in production premises
4.1.25. Switchgears installed in premises accessible to unqualified personnel must have live parts covered with solid fences, or must be made with a degree of protection of at least IP2X. If a switchgear with open live parts is used, it must be fenced and equipped with local lighting. In this case, the fence must be mesh, solid or mixed, with a height of at least 1.7 m. The doors to the entrance to the fence must be locked with a key. The distance from the mesh fence to the non-insulated live parts of the device must be at least 0.7 m, and from solid parts - in accordance with 4.1.15. The width of passages is taken in accordance with 4.1.23.
4.1.26. The termination of wires and cables must be made so that it is located inside the device.
4.1.27. Removable barriers must be designed in such a way that their removal is impossible without a special tool. The doors must be locked with a key.
Installation of switchgear outdoors
4.1.28. When installing switchgear outdoors, the following requirements must be observed:
- 1) the device must be located on a planned site at a height of at least 0.2 m from the planning level and must have a design that meets the conditions environment. In areas where snow drifts of 1 m or more in height are observed, cabinets should be installed on elevated foundations;
2) local heating must be provided to ensure normal operation of devices, relays, measuring instruments and metering devices in accordance with the requirements of state standards and other regulatory documents. Local lighting must be provided in cabinets.
The text of the document is verified according to: official publication Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations. Section 4. Switchgears and substations. Chapters 4.1, 4.2. - 7th ed. - M.: Publishing house NC ENAS, 2003
Judge Martynova I.A. Case No. 7-231/2016
SOLUTION
Judge of the Altai Regional Court Novikova N.V., having considered in open court the complaint of the state inspector of the Altai Department for Supervision of Energy Networks and Consumer Power Installations and Energy Supply of the Siberian Directorate of Rostekhnadzor Galeev A.Z. against the decision of the judge of the Novoaltai City Court Altai Territory from DD.MM.GG, which terminated the proceedings in the case of an administrative offense under Art. Section II. Special part > Chapter 9. Administrative offenses in industry, construction and energy > Article 9.11. Violation of the rules for the use of fuel and energy, rules for the design, operation of fuel and energy consuming installations, heating networks, storage facilities, maintenance, sale and transportation of energy resources, fuel and products of its processing" target="_blank">9.11 of the Code Russian Federation on administrative offenses (hereinafter referred to as the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation), in relation to the joint-stock company "Grid Company "Altaikrayenergo" due to the absence of an administrative offense in its actions,
INSTALLED:
according to the protocol on an administrative offense from DD.MM.GG, drawn up by the state inspector of the Altai Department for Supervision of Energy Networks and Consumer Energy Installations and Energy Supply of the Siberian Directorate of Rostechnadzor Galeev A.Z., DD.MM.GG at 11:00 a.m. when reviewing the technical documentation for power supply KTP-228 (notification of readiness for commissioning from DD.MM.GG), located at the address: , owned (in operation) by the joint-stock company "Grid Company "Altaikrayenergo" (hereinafter - JSC "Grid Company "Altaikrayenergo") , admitted legal entity violation of mandatory norms and rules, expressed in the fact that the fire distance from a newly installed complete transformer substation (outdoor package transformer substation, control room, with an oil-filled transformer 100 kVA 10/0.4 kV, with an oil mass of more than 60 kg) to the store is in violation of .P. 4.2.131, 4.2.68 of the Electrical Installation Rules, 7th edition, approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated June 20, 2003 No. 242 (hereinafter referred to as PUE), is less than 16 meters.
The above decision was made in the case.
In a complaint filed with the Altai Regional Court, the state inspector of the Altai Department for Supervision of Energy Networks and Energy Installations of Consumers and Energy Supply of the Siberian Directorate of Rostekhnadzor Galeev A.Z. asks to cancel the decision and return the case for a new trial to the judge, citing the erroneous conclusion of the judge that clause 4.2.68 of the PUE is subject to application only in the case of installation of a complete transformer substation (hereinafter also referred to as KTP), the transformer of which does not have fire-retarding structures (placed outside the CTS shell). The explanations of the Rostechnadzor referent, published in the journal “News of Electrical Engineering” No. 6 (48), cannot be taken into account, since the article in the journal is not a regulatory document. Moreover, the named journal is not an official publication of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision.
Having studied the arguments of the complaint, having checked the case materials in full in accordance with Part 3 of Art. RF, after listening to the defenders of JSC “Grid Company “Altaikrayenergo” Makarov N.N. and Matvienko D.V., who objected to the satisfaction of the complaint, I find no grounds for canceling the judge’s decision.
Moreover, the placement of oil-filled equipment with an oil mass of 60 kg or more per piece of equipment at a fire-fighting distance of at least 16 m from the store building, as the state inspector insists on in the complaint, is permissible in accordance with the requirements of clause 4.2.68 of the PUE for the degree of fire resistance such building I or II. Meanwhile, there is no information and documents on the degree of fire resistance of a public building (store) located at the address: , in the case materials, which does not allow us to determine the need to maintain a specific fire distance from the public building to the transformer substation, including at least 16 m.
Under such circumstances, the conclusion of the city court judge about the absence of an imputed administrative offense in the actions of JSC “Grid Company “Altaikrayenergo” is correct, and therefore the proceedings in the case were rightfully terminated on the basis of clause 2 of part 1 of Art. RF, while there are no grounds for satisfying the complaint.
Guided by Art. Art. RF, judge
DECIDED:
The decision of the judge of the Novoaltai City Court of the Altai Territory dated May 13, 2016 is left unchanged, the complaint of the state inspector of the Altai Department for Supervision of Energy Networks and Consumer Power Installations and Energy Supply of the Siberian Directorate of Rostekhnadzor A. Z. Galeev is not satisfied.
Judge N.V. Novikova
