Scheme of installation of plastic windows according to GOST. Technology of installation of plastic windows. Insulation materials used in window installation

Mounting according to the standard

Installation plastic windows involves following the standards according to GOST. Homeowners do not always prefer to install windows according to all the necessary rules and regulations.

Scheme of installation of a plastic window.

Experts strongly recommend that all residents adhere to these rules, especially those who have at their disposal office rooms, shops, various public institutions. Most buyers are sure that the quality and reliability of the entire structure depends on the profile. But besides this, assembly and, accordingly, installation play a key role. Sometimes the owners who hire specialists do not think about whether the installation will be carried out in accordance with GOST. The profile manufacturer always indicates that the assembly should be done in this way, but the master installers may not comply with these rules.

Scheme of installation of a plastic window.

Installation according to GOST is not mandatory. It's more of a recommendation. If home owners decide to install windows according to the requirements of the standard, it is necessary to invite qualified employees, preferably from a large construction company. An agreement is concluded with this company, which includes a certain clause, which indicates that the installation will be carried out exactly in accordance with GOST.

When buying, the seller must select a suitable profile that will meet specific conditions. The design must be checked for optimal air exchange and heat transfer, for the level of sound insulation, dust penetration, etc. As a rule, well-known supplier companies have certificates that window structures have passed the necessary checks. Accordingly, it is better to purchase goods from them.

Basic requirements during the installation process

It is important to take into account the fact that most problems with plastic windows occur if the installation is not done correctly. Therefore, if you decide to install plastic windows, you should not save on the installation process. Today in Russia there is GOST 30971-2002. These rules are for correct installation. First of all, GOST indicates the types of profiles, as well as examples and various options mount. During the installation process, it is important to follow certain rules: there must be no gaps, openings. This is necessary for insulation from the cold. Three seams are made in the places where the window is attached vertically and horizontally: inner, outer and middle. Moreover, in order to properly mount the window, you need to take into account the expansion of the plastic when heated.

Scheme of installing a window in an opening.

It must also be remembered that the choice should be guided by sanitary standards and tightness standards. This will directly affect the optimal temperature regime and humidity level. In order to find out such standards, it is necessary to consider the requirements of SanPin 21.2.1002-00, which spell out the norms for ventilation and heating in a residential area. If you do not follow these rules, there may be a risk of infection with fungus or mold, this may occur due to excessive levels of humidity.

It should be noted that installation in accordance with GOST is a guarantee of your safety and favorable functioning window construction. In addition, installation according to the required standards provides a favorable microclimate in the house.

When mounting, the seams must be arranged in 3 levels. The first is able to protect the room from the penetration of precipitation, water. The second (inner) level must protect against the penetration of vapors. The third level is done using construction foam. The standards also specify the types of walls, which also needs to be taken into account. All installation rules must be known. It is convenient to be guided by them both during the purchase and during the installation process. Once again, it is worth repeating that you should buy only high-quality, certified products. The seller must provide you with documents, where all technical features products.

Installation Requirements

The quality certificate must be awarded not only to the company that sells windows, but also to the one responsible for the installation. It is important that qualified specialists undertake the installation of the structure. The emergence and implementation of a certification system will bring business to high level. Today, the buyer makes increased demands on the quality of structures and service in general.

Before installation, it is necessary to make all the necessary measurements, comparing them. It is important to know what loads the structure can withstand, the wind load is determined. It is concluded from this whether additional installation frames with metal plates. Some windows may let air through. In this case, frames are installed to normalize thermal insulation.

Window installation diagram.

It is important to carefully prepare the room before installation. It is necessary to remove all extraneous things in advance. Furniture is recommended to be covered with a wide cloth or film. Appliances the room must be isolated from dust. First, the sashes are pulled out and the frame is carefully removed. The opening must be free from unnecessary details, all slopes are checked with a level.

After the structure is delivered, it is necessary to separate the frame and double-glazed windows. The frame is inserted into the opening using special wedges. Then you should mark the frame and determine how it will be located in the opening. After the frame is fixed. To do this, use anchor bolts and screws. The double-glazed window is fixed with glazing beads. In order to correctly make all measurements, you will need a laser ruler. It is important that the entire structure is firmly fixed. There are certain rules for this, for example, the distance between the fastener points should be about 70 cm. The distance to the fastener from inner corner should be a maximum of 15 cm.

The structures of the walls are different. The choice of fasteners depends on the characteristics of the wall. Mostly fastenings are made using anchor bolts, anchor plates and self-tapping screws. The most practical way is to use anchor plates. It is important to correctly install the slopes that cover the opening between the profile and the wall. For installation, remove the remnants of the plaster from the old window, smooth out the bumps with putty.

Tools

hammer;
perforator;
crowbar for pulling out old nails;
building level;
mounting foam and construction pistol to work with her.

Installation of plastic windows should be carried out only by experienced specialists, it is advisable to carry out installation, following all the requirements and rules of GOST. Companies that install plastic windows have quality control departments that you can contact if you have problems with installation.

Date: 08-04-2015
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Rating: 47

Modern plastic windows have enough a large number of benefits. Their installation is able to provide reliable sealing and thermal protection. In order to save some Money on the installation of windows, you can install them yourself. The design is quite complex, but its installation does not require the use of any specific tools. To get a quality result, you will need to study the rules for installing plastic windows, which are contained in GOST 23166-99 and GOST 30971-02.

Figure 1. Measurements of a plastic window.

The procedure for installing plastic windows:

First of all, you need to measure the openings.
After that, the old windows are dismantled.
Openings are being prepared.
New windows are being installed.

Items that will be needed:

Building level.
Plumb.
Chisel.
Anker.
Foam.
Screws.
Perforator.
Primer.
Marker.
Documents that contain standards for the installation of plastic windows.

Necessary measurements: sequence of actions

Visually, the measurement process can be seen in Fig. 1.

Installation standards say that the first step is to measure a rectangular window. The opening width is measured. To do this, you need to determine the distance between the extreme points of the opening. Next, the height of the window opening is measured. To do this, you need to determine the distance between the upper slope and the window sill. To the result it will be necessary to add the thickness of the window sill.

Measurements must be made at least in three places for each size, at the extreme points and in the middle. Smooth openings can be found quite rarely. As a basis, you need to choose the smaller of the values \u200b\u200bthat will be obtained.

Installation of PVC windows: double-glazed windows, slopes, ebb, fittings.

Using a plumb line with a medium pointed end, you need to check the curvilinearity of the opening along the vertical. Using a level, you need to check the horizontal distortions. If there are deviations, then they will need to be indicated on the sketch. The drawing of the frame is a rectangle, which is inscribed in the sketch of the opening according to the measurements made. Based on the sketch, it will be necessary to make adjustments to the dimensions of the frame.

Installation standards include measurements for all openings in the room. The width of these structures can vary significantly, but the height should be the same.

Next, the placement of the block of windows is determined. It is necessary to mount the structure 2/3 of the wall width from the inside. If you plan to perform wall cladding heat-insulating material on the outside of the house, windows can be installed a little further.

After that, the external ebb is measured. Most often, you only need to measure the length of the mounted ebb or add 50 mm to the bend to the width of the opening. The width of the tide is defined as the distance from the mounting plane to the outer part of the wall, the margin for the ledge (35-40 mm) and for the bend. If thermal insulation is performed, it is important to consider the thickness of the skin layer.

Next, the window sill is measured. The width of the structure is equal to the distance from the inside of the wall to the mounting plane and the dimension of the overhang. In this case, you will need to exclude the width of the window frame from the result. Departure must be calculated based on the fact that the window sill should cover the heating battery by a third of its size.

Slopes are measured after installing plastic windows, since it is quite difficult to determine the width of the structure.

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How to choose the design of plastic windows according to the method of fastening?

After the measurements of the structure are made, you can purchase windows. In the selection process, the type of structure fastening system must be taken into account. Mounting standards include the following mounting methods:

Mounting through the frame in the window installation plane.
Fixing with reinforcement, which is pre-fixed to the frame during manufacture.

We use the first method the most. When using this method, you will need to completely remove the window structures from the blind sashes.

The second method is recommended to be used if self-assembly plastic windows. In this case, it will be possible to eliminate the likelihood of damage to double-glazed windows and the tightness of the structure during disassembly and assembly. However, when installing the entire window block, the structure will weigh much more, so inserting the window yourself will be quite difficult.

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How to do preparatory work?

When the windows are ordered, the terms of production and delivery should be clarified. Before the arrival of the structure, it is not recommended to carry out any work.

First of all, you need to clear the place in front of the windows, and then set aside all the furniture. It is recommended to cover the floor and heating radiators with a special film.

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How to prepare a window profile?

If old windows are installed, they must be dismantled. To do this, you need to pry off the glazing bead with a chisel, with which the double-glazed window is fixed, after which it must be snapped out of the groove with weak blows. The first step is to remove the glazing beads, which are located vertically. After that, you need to dismantle the lower and upper. Beads are recommended to be marked. At modern production the dimensions of such devices may vary, so if they are mixed up, small gaps may appear.

The frame must be tilted so that the double-glazed window falls out of the grooves. After that, it must be set aside against the wall at a slight slope.

From the canopies of the hinged doors, you will need to remove the decorative plugs and unscrew the clamping bolts. If there is a fanlight system, it is necessary to release the upper part of the sash and remove the hook from the lower canopy.

As a result, only a frame with imposts should remain. In the inside of the frame, it will be necessary to make holes for the mounting anchors. You need to make at least three attachment points on the sides and two on the ends. To make holes, it is necessary to use drills for metal, since inside the plastic structure there is a metal insert for strength. Windows will need to be fixed with anchors with a diameter of 9-10 mm. The drill must be of the appropriate size.

If the windows are attached by the ears, then it is not necessary to disassemble the structure. You only need to install the fasteners in the frame and secure them using screws.

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How to fill the profile with foam and prepare the opening: installation standards

To eliminate the possibility of cold bridges, it will be necessary to fill the entire space inside the profile with polyurethane foam at the place where the profile is attached to the frame. It is recommended to do this a day before installing windows, so that the foam can fill the entire base and harden.

If it is not necessary to keep the old frame, it is better to dismantle it. The sashes must be removed from the canopies or pulled out together with the fixing screws. The frame and window frame need to be filed in several places. With the help of a crowbar, it is necessary to pry off each part and remove it from the opening. In some cases, you must first remove the nails that hold the window frame.

The seal and insulation, which are located under the box, will also need to be dismantled. With the help of a perforator, it will be necessary to remove part of the slopes.

All rubbish must be bagged and taken out.

The ends of the openings must be leveled and cleaned of dust. The surface will need to be primed.

If windows are installed in an old wooden building, it is recommended to lay waterproofing material around the opening to prevent moisture from entering the foam layer. If there is a need to strengthen the structure, you can insert a wooden box.

Installation of windows according to GOST: ptrue and...not quite true

Having made the decision to install a plastic window, you carefully approach the choice of a company: having your own production and certified products guarantee that the window will be of high quality. But 70% of a durable window is its installation.

What is "installation of a plastic window according to GOST"?

Installation (installation) of a plastic window is regulated by several documents:

■ GOST 30674-99 "Window blocks made of PVC profiles", art. 9;

■ GOST 30971-2012 “Mounting seams of adjoining window blocks to wall openings. General technical conditions”;

■ GOST R 52749-2007 "Mounting window seams with vapor-permeable self-expanding tapes".

If you want mandatory compliance with the requirements of GOST during installation, make sure that the contract states that the window will be installed in compliance with which GOST. The fact is that:

1. GOST R 52749-2007 applicable only when installed using vapor-permeable self-expanding sealing tapes (PSUL). If the installation of a plastic window was carried out without PSUL (and the use of PSUL is not specified in the contract), the application of the requirements of this GOST in a dispute is incorrect.

2. GOST 30971-2012“Seams for mounting joints of adjoining window blocks to wall openings. The document is valid, but for optional use. It is better to say this: The document is the current regulatory ..., but its application is optional (voluntary).In confirmation of this - Order of Rosstandart No. 1983 Art. dated December 27, 2007

All questions in this article will be considered on the basis of GOST 30971-2012, since GOST 30674-99 (Article 9) contains too general instructions, and GOST R 52749-2007 was created on the basis of GOST 30971-2002, after which GOST 30971-2012 was adopted. In addition, most contractors refer specifically to GOST 30971-2012.

GOST 30971-2012 (hereinafter simply GOST) contains requirements, recommendations and examples. Note, however, that GOST 30971-2012 was introduced from January 1, 2014 for " voluntary applications in Russian Federation as the national standard of the Russian Federation. Voluntary means not requiring mandatory certification.

If the contractor claims that he performs installation in accordance with GOST, he is obliged to comply with the requirements of GOST, and draw up his documentation in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of GOST.

So, GOST contains:

■ Requirements to properties of filling of an assembly seam.

■ Mounting clearance requirements.

■ Requirements for the size of the window opening.

■ Requirements for the surfaces of the window opening.

■ Requirements for fixing the window structure.

■ General requirements for the performance of work.

■ Contractor's warranty obligations.

Filling the assembly seam

The GOST requirements for the assembly seam are reduced to two points:

1. The seam must be resistant to various operational influences and loads (clause 5.1.5.).

2. The seam must be warm, soundproof, vapor and waterproof (5.1.3.).

GOST conditionally divides the seam into three layers: outer, central and inner. The outer one prevents the ingress of water into the seam and ensures the removal of steam from the seam, the central one is heat-insulating, the inner one provides vapor barrier.Note that the vapor barrier tape in this GOST is considered as one of options external joint (A.2.5), along with a vapor-permeable sealant (A.2.4), plaster mortars (A.2.6.). No matter how carefully you study GOST, you will not find in it the requirements for the mandatory use of PSUL and vapor barrier tape. Also in this GOST it is noted that in "in cases of using tapes for sealing mounting gaps building structures designed for operation with increased wind loads (for example, in high-rise construction) and other loads, sealing tapes should be used in a set with protective overlay profiles (flaps).

Outer layer (example from GOST):

Rice. 1

Where 1 - polyurethane foam, 2 - PSUL.

Central layer. It makes no sense to dwell on this part of the seam, since accurate and unhurried foaming of the mounting gap provides the necessary quality of the seam and meets all the requirements of GOST.

Inner layer. The use of a vapor barrier tape recommended by GOST (there are other methods of vapor barrier, but more on them later) makes sense and performs the functions assigned to it, but ... only when building a house.

The fact is that the materials for the inner layer, according to GOST (clause 4.3), “vapor barrier materials along the inner contour of the mounting gap must be laid continuously, without gaps, gaps and non-glued areas. In other words, when changing windows according to GOST, it is necessary to achieve the corresponding surface of the window opening in the section " Technical requirements» (p. p. 5.2.3, p. 5.2.4 and 5.3.)

Size Requirements

Firstly, the contractor must provide you with working drawings of the junction nodes with the specified gap sizes. If the opening meets the requirements of the Joint Venture, the dimensions of the installation gap recommended by GOST are observed automatically, but ... In buildings built after 1953, you can forget about observing the depth of the quarter. What is the "depth of a quarter" follows from the name: a quarter of a brick is 60-65 mm. In real buildings, the depth of a quarter can reach 150 mm. This means that it is not always possible to keep the gap sizes within the GOST recommendations.

Therefore, in order to comply with the requirements and recommendations of GOST, it is necessary to bring the window opening in line with SP 50.13330.2012 (currently in force, and not during the construction of the building): plaster, brick, etc. Or design and approve (in competent organizations) the relevant technical solutions for the assembly joint.

More? Needs to be plastered.

About opening surface

Once again, I note: compliance with GOST is relevant when building a new residential building. You can put three-chamber windows (without looking at SP 50.13330.2012 ), control the masonry of the opening, draw up all the necessary technical solutions, etc., but unfortunately not when replacing an old window with a plastic one.

It's no secret that plastic windows are most often installed when the old ones become unusable. That is, approximately 30-40 years after the delivery of the house. When dismantling an old window, bricks, parts of the facade slab (destroyed by atmospheric action) crumble and chip off. And according to GOST, "Edges and surfaces of external and internal slopes should not have punctures, sinks, sagging of mortar and other damage with a height (depth) of more than 10 mm. Defective places should be puttied with waterproof compounds ... "And also:" When repairing objects and replacing window blocks ... the surfaces of internal and external slopes should be leveled with plaster without the formation of thermal bridges.

In addition, we recall the point about the vapor barrier tape and its adhesion strength and we get: after dismantling old frame it is necessary to clean the opening from the old plaster, re-plaster, dry, primed, dry and, only after that, carry out installation.

Anchoring (fixing) of a plastic window

When installing a plastic window in accordance with the recommendations of GOST, you need to carefully monitor the number and location of fasteners. For a double-leaf window (the most popular configuration is one blind sash, one tilt-and-turn sash), according to GOST, 14 anchors are required (see Fig. 2), which, in my opinion, is redundant and installed in order to level out the mistakes and inattention of builders and manufacturers of plastic windows . In addition, it is necessary to adjust the type of fasteners used depending on the material and walls and their condition (see below: "Diagnostics of the condition of the walls").

Rice. 2.

General requirements for the performance of work

In addition to all of the above, a company that installs according to GOST must have standard instructions for installing window blocks (and now - attention) developed for a window company by competent organizations and agreed with regional building authorities.

About inspection of heating and ventilation systems, condition and design features walls (required when carrying out work in accordance with GOST) you can not even mention how you can not mention the compliance of newly installed structures architectural project building.

Have you heard about organizations that test the materials of the assembly seam and the seam itself, which, according to GOST, must be carried out regularly? If you know - write, I will be grateful.

And, if we talk about full compliance with GOSTs and SPs, the window must comply with the design documentation. In other words, the window configuration must correspond to that specified in the building project, or the window sketch is agreed with the authors of the architectural project.

And now about time ... and money

The cost of installing a double-leaf window in compliance with all the requirements and recommendations of GOST (mentioned above) cannot be less than 30 thousand rubles. Approximately this is the cost of such a window in European countries. You were promised installation according to GOST for only 9 thousand?..

How to interpret and apply the requirements of GOST?

It is possible to approach GOST from several sides. You can follow the letter of GOST with the fulfillment of all requirements and the corresponding documentary support. Or you can not look at GOST and mount it as it will (for example, fix a plastic window only with foam, without anchors - this is also found).

But there is also an intermediate option: to focus on GOST, but at the same time critically evaluate its requirements and recommendations, taking into account that in 10-20 years from the moment of its development to today(A new GOST- only slightly modified old one) and installation technology, and plastic windows themselves have gone far ahead, and Russia is a huge country with a wide range of climatic conditions.

GOST in real conditions

Let's start with the window requirements. According toSP 50.13330.2012 "Thermal protection of buildings" (hereinafter - simply SP), in the climatic conditions of Siberia, it is possible to use window structures from a five-chamber (and higher) window profile. Three-chamber windows (even with the use of low-emission glass and with the filling of double-glazed windows with argon) do not pass according to thermophysical characteristics. It would seem, what does this have to do with it? But five-chamber window the mounting width is larger and this causes certain difficulties when arranging the mounting seam.

If you install a high-quality energy-efficient plastic window (with a profile mounting width of 70 mm or more), the mounting seam will differ from the GOST example (see Fig. 3): when foaming, non-foamed cavities (3) will form in the corner area near the PSUL (1) ) (it is impossible to control their foaming), and this violates thermal insulation properties assembly seam and leads to its freezing, and in last resort- and to blowing.

Attempting to put more foam into this space causes the PSUL foam to be squeezed out. Vapor-permeable putties will not be considered, since in our climate (temperature range from -45 to +40, and on the frame - up to +60), significant thermal changes in the size of the window block are observed, the putty spreads and crumbles.

Rice. 3.

One of the possible alternative mounting methods

1. Filling the assembly seam.

The requirements of GOST (if not literally, but in essence) can be expressed as follows: the seam must be warm, moisture must not get into it, both from the outside and from the room (water expansion during freezing destroys the mounting foam) and the moisture located there must have opportunity to leave the seam. Based on this conclusion, the following seam scheme is possible (see Fig. 4).

Rice. 4.

In this case, the seam filling technology is as follows. After fixing the structure, the first layer of foam (1) is laid. After the foaming is completed, the second layer of foam (2) is applied with the first layer of the entire perimeter. The next step is to foam the gap between the quarter and the PVC window (3), after which the seam is closed from the outside with an outer plastic corner(4). This allows to achieve dense foaming of the joint with a uniform finely porous foam structure (that is, to avoid large bubbles, which is inevitable when foaming in one pass).

Such installation of plastic windows allows you to achieve the basic requirements of GOST: outer corner(4) prevents water from entering the joint, but leaves the possibility of steam escaping from the joint. The sandwich panel is vapor-tight and prevents moisture from entering the seam from the side of the room. In addition, the frame of the plastic window is separated from the wall by a layer of foam on all sides, which allows you to fully realize the heat-saving functions of the profile.

2. Mounting gap dimensions.

If the quarters are made in accordance with the joint venture, the gaps recommended by GOST are observed automatically, but:

■ Firstly, the depth of the quarter is found out only after the dismantling of the old window, and the PVC window has already been made at this time.

■ Secondly, it is undesirable to start a plastic window frame deeper than 30 mm into a quarter - places on exterior finish no mounting seam remains.

■ Third, minimum size(according to GOST - this is 20 mm) of the mounting gap cannot be foamed with high quality. In addition, the foam should dampen (soften, level) temperature changes in the dimensions of the frame, and such a gap does not allow this.

■ And finally, GOST (clause 5.3.1) allows you to increase the size of the mounting gap. True, with filling it with "... inserts of rigid insulation ..." However, no one will allow registering such a seam design.

Regarding the size of the "quarter" in our homes, I mentioned above.

Thus, when measuring windows, the masters almost always start from the depth of the frame in a quarter (and the experience gained from their mistakes). And if the gap exceeds the recommended GOST, this is the fault of the builders, "circumstances that cannot be found out when measuring, without dismantling the old structure." In addition, with proper fixing (you need to choose the appropriate anchor) and foaming the plastic window, an increase in the mounting gap to 80-85 mm does not affect the quality of the seam. sashes and high wind loads. Moreover, it should be remembered that in brick houses fastening from above is made into the jumper and the more holes there are, the greater the likelihood of its destruction ...

4. Documentation of works.

Most often, it is limited to sketches of structures with a list of works, a work contract and an act of work performed. And this is explained quite simply. You, as a customer, will not agree to take responsibility for the dimensions of the structure, installation features, by signing the agreement, just as you will not agree to limit warranty cases by signing acts of hidden work. Coordination of the window configuration with architects is also out of the question, because you need a plastic window that is convenient for you, and not what the architect came up with 30-50 years ago, but in a plastic version.

5. About the warranty.

A small incident: according to GOST 30674-99, the guarantee for plastic windows must be at least 3 years from the date of shipment of products; according to GOST 30971-2012, the guarantee for the seam is at least 5 years.

But the installed plastic window is a window complex with a mounting seam. And the guarantee is most often established by the window, that is, 3 years from the date of completion of installation. After all, a window without a seam can exist, but vice versa - in no way. In addition, in three years, all installation defects will have time to manifest themselves, and for the appearance of defects due to builders' mistakes (changing the size or configuration of the opening, etc.), this time is not enough. True, here it is necessary to ensure that in the contract the guarantee applies not only to structures, but also to the assembly seam (installation work).

And at the end of the article, I want to say that no matter what slogans your contractor uses, the quality and durability of the installation depend on 90% of the hands that make this installation ...

P.S. This article is analytical. It is based on the analysis and synthesis of industry regulations (GOST and SP) and our own practical experience its author in terms of resolving disputes related to the quality of installation (assembly) of plastic windows. The article does not claim to be the ultimate truth.

If you have any questions, comments, remarks, or are ready to tell us about controversial issues from your practice, please send them by e-mail: . We will be happy to discuss this with you.

Head of Sales Department

LOKA S.V. Salnikov.

Copying and reproduction of this material without notice to the copyright holder is allowed only if you place an active link on your site to

Thus, the insulation must be somehow protected from the penetration of direct moisture or water vapor into it, and for moisture that has nevertheless got into the insulation, it must be possible to evaporate outwards so that the installation seam does not threaten any of the described problems. For this, special vapor barrier and waterproof vapor-permeable materials have been created, which we produce. The first are installed from inside the room and prevent the penetration of moisture contained in room air inside the mounting seam, that is, to the insulation. The second is installed outside. These materials protect the insulation from the penetration of direct moisture (water) from the street. And also, which is very important, being vapor-permeable, they ventilate inner part mounting seam, allowing it to breathe. Thus, condensed water is removed from the seam, or water vapor that got there from inside the wall - (from its condensate plane). Stagnant processes inside the insulation are eliminated, figuratively speaking, it "breathes out". Such a mechanism of action of special materials to protect the main element of the assembly seam - insulation from the harmful effects of moisture.

However, moisture is not all that the insulation and the entire assembly seam can suffer from. Let us dwell on two factors that have the most critical effect after humidity.

In second place is ultraviolet solar radiation. This radiation destroys the insulation (polyurethane foam, used in almost 100% of window installations) in a very short period of time. So, in the southern regions of Russia, the process of almost complete destruction of mounting foam can occur in a couple of months. IN middle lane it will take a year - one and a half, depending on the direction of the world, where the window structure is facing.

Conclusion - the insulation must be protected from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. The task is successfully solved by the same vapor-permeable waterproofing tape, which protects the insulation from direct exposure to water from the street.

In third place is the linear expansion (movement) of the window structure due to temperature fluctuations (thermal expansion). And such shifts are significant and can reach from 5 to 10, and in some cases even 15 percent of the width of the assembly seam itself! At the same time, the insulation does not suffer, since it is well resistant to deformation loads and, in addition, is glued to the wall and window frame. It is clear that the means of its protection must also be resistant to such colossal deformations.

Imagine, if you apply a plaster mortar or a solid sealant, at what point will it collapse, or come off from the smooth plane of the plastic window frame? (GOST allows the use of certain types of acrylic sealants to protect the outer contour. These must be elastic (not completely drying), vapor-permeable materials with good adhesive properties). Here again, the same vapor-permeable waterproofing tape successfully solves the problem, since it is not afraid of shifts of 15 or even 30 percent.

When buying a window, we plan that it will be able to serve properly for many decades. However, this is only possible if the window is properly installed. Almost all specialists have their own methods and secrets, but there are also special fixed norms - GOST and SNiP. It is the installation of PVC windows in accordance with GOST that can give the highest quality result.

Regulations

Installation of PVC windows in accordance with GOST will guarantee its long and trouble-free service. Today, all types of work related to this area are regulated by four main standards:

GOST 30674-99. It contains general information on the issue and basic requirements for windows. The installation process itself is practically not mentioned in this GOST.
GOST R52749-2007. This standard focuses on the process of installing windows using vapor-permeable self-expanding sealing tape.
GOST 30971-2012. This document contains the most detailed information on the issue. It also contains exact requirements for window size, device parameters and joint filling materials, methods of fastening structures and similar information. It also describes the requirements for regulatory documentation, some warranty obligations of the contractor and General requirements to the performance of work. This standard was introduced at the beginning of 2014 and replaced the outdated GOST 30971-2002 for window installation.
SNiP 23-02-2003. The standard establishes the parameters of thermal protection of premises. Suffice it to mention that it requires the installation of a 3-chamber double-glazed window for most of the climatic zones of Russia and a 5-chamber one for Siberia.

The standards take into account the climate zone in which the plastic window will be installed.

All of the above regulations are valid, but not binding. The only exception was different requirements somehow related to security. Compliance with GOSTs only helps to achieve the highest quality of window installation.

Preparing for installation

The installation of plastic windows according to GOST is not much different in general terms from the usual installation of a PVC window. The main differences lie in the nuances and compliance with a number of requirements. The technology for installing plastic windows is as follows:

measurements

Before starting work, a number of measurements should be taken. The dimensions of the window are set as follows: the width of the window is the width of the window opening, from which twice the width of the mounting gap is subtracted (which will be on both sides), the height is similar. According to GOST, the minimum width of such a gap is 2 cm, and in calculations, an indicator of 2.5-3 cm is most often used.

When installing a window with a quarter, measurements are taken from the outside

If we are talking about installing a window in an opening with an outer quarter, then all measurements should be made from the outside. The width will be the distance between the quarters, increased by the size of the frame plant per quarter, which is from 2.5 to 4 cm. The height is determined in the same way.

Preparatory work

After the windows are manufactured and delivered to the customer, you should not immediately start work. It is recommended that you first prepare the room: clear the space by the window for convenient operation, remove unnecessary things and furniture, cover walls and remaining objects with foil or thick cloth. The sashes are dismantled from the frame, the cavity of the support profile is filled with heat-insulating foam. The latter is recommended to be done a day before installation.

Particular attention should be paid to the opening itself - it must be cleaned of dirt and dust in advance. If there are noticeable irregularities, they are leveled with putty..

Fastening

GOST stipulates two main types of window fastening. The first is made in the mounting plane - self-tapping screws are fixed directly through the frame. This option is used most often, but requires that the door leaves and double-glazed windows be removed from the frame in advance. The advantage of this method is the ease of installation in the opening.

Most often, self-tapping screws are used for fixing

The second option is based on the use of fittings built into the frame during production. You can mount the whole structure. It should be noted that its weight will be quite large, so the process will require some effort and skills.

Installation work

Installation of plastic windows in accordance with GOST provides for one important point: The frame is not installed on a bare brick or similar base. Instead, small wooden bars soaked in solutions. They will help in aligning the window.

After that, either a separate frame is placed on them, or the entire structure, which depends on the preferred type of fastening. For greater stability and reliability, the supports are left as part of the structure, and wedges are knocked out from above for fixing between the window and the wall. After that, similarly, the frame is attached from the sides. By controlling the process with a level, the frame is leveled, the adjustment is carried out by adding substrates.

Frame fastening, according to GOST, can be carried out through pre-drilled fasteners. You should start from the bottom, gradually moving up. To top it off, the structure is additionally checked for horizontality and all self-tapping screws and anchors are tightened.

Drain installation and window assembly

Most often, a special groove is provided on the outside of the window, into which a drainage system is mounted. GOST claims that during installation it must be foamed. If you need to create more solid construction, drainage is additionally fixed with screws.

Drainage is mounted in a special groove from the outside

Upon completion, it is required to conduct another control check of the entire structure: for strength, verticality and horizontality. After that, it remains to assemble the window. The assembly process takes place in the reverse order of disassembly: in the process, limiters, handles and other fittings return to their places.

Gap filling

Particular attention in GOSTs is paid to filling gaps. This procedure is almost always performed. mounting foam based on polyurethane foam. This material tested over the years of work, but still has a number of shortcomings. First of all, its resistance to impact environment and ultraviolet leaves much to be desired. That is why GOST standards prescribe the maximum insulation of all seams from all sides - this will avoid the destruction of the insulation, which can result in loss of tightness, fogging of windows and the penetration of cold from the street into the house.

The insulation procedure is as follows: from the inside, a waterproofing tape for PVC windows is glued around the entire perimeter. The tape must also have a vapor barrier property. A strip of foil is glued in the lower part, which will subsequently be under the window sill board. Similarly, they pass on the outside. Adhesive strip PSUL (moisture-resistant and vapor-tight). This membrane film is able to let steam out.

Installation of windows in accordance with GOST provides for mandatory waterproofing of gaps

Both of these materials are characterized not only by the fact that it is not difficult to find them on the construction market. They also differ in availability, that is, the final price of the work will not increase so much, but the quality will increase significantly. In addition, the structure mounted in this way will last several years longer.

To fill the gap when installing PVC windows according to GOST, the strips are slightly bent, and the surface is wetted from the inside. Apply the composition with a gun. The filler is foam intended for use all year round. According to GOST, ordinary foam can also be used, but only at temperatures up to 30 degrees below zero. Given the conditions in most regions, such a seam insulation in Russia is of little use.

Window sill installation

On last step work is installing a window sill. This process is considered quite simple - it will only be necessary to fit and, if necessary, cut the finished window sill so that it fits perfectly under the frame. According to GOST 30971, the window sill is allowed to enter the walls at a distance of 5 to 10 cm. Pegs are used to level, after which the cavity under the board is sealed with mounting foam or mortar. Experts recommend during installation to make a slope of 1-2 degrees towards the room.

When installing the window sill, it is necessary to properly fit it in size

To decorate the window sill, plastic panels are used, which are attached to the initial profile with a clip. The platband, which is wound around the corner, is fixed with screws, and covered from above decorative film. It remains only to put on the end caps and seal the seams with sealant.

Many construction companies interpret GOST and SNiP standards as they want and can simply ignore them, and what is the risk of incorrect installation, once again no need to speak. There are two ways out: either carefully monitor the installation process and immediately notice violations, or install windows in accordance with GOST on your own.