On June 15, 1935, the Meilland family of breeders received a seedling 3-35-40, which became the most famous rose of the twentieth century.
The Meiland family has been breeding roses since 1850. Francis Meilland knew from childhood that his fate was inseparable from these flowers. When their father left them with their mother and went to war, the family had to work very hard to maintain the family's small collection of rose bushes.
After the end of the war, my father returned home and continued to take care of the garden. And Francis continued to help him. At the age of seventeen, he began training with renowned rose grower Charles Mallerin and became interested in breeding new varieties.
In 1937 his first new variety"Golden State" (Golden State) was presented to the public and was a huge success. This rose has become the official image international exhibition in San Francisco in 1939.
In June 1939, the Meillants host the leading rose growers and the best customers and propagate the resulting varieties for shipment to numerous customers.Second World War breaks all ties and makes the cultivation of roses a meaningless and economically unprofitable occupation. In order to survive, the Meian family begins to grow vegetables, but, despite the war, they continue to engage in selection.
Shortly before the start of the war, Meyan decides to send several cuttings of a new rose from America to his friend Robert Pyle. Only two of the sent five cuttings survived this journey. The outbreak of war prevented the breeder from knowing that the shoots had begun. two stunted sprouts, but it can be assumed that knowing his friend he expected something incredible. And new rose did not disappoint him.
April 29, 1945, on the day of the capture of Berlin at the opening of the exhibition of the Pacific Rose Society in Pasadena, California, a presentation of the seedling 3-35-40 was organized. Initially, it was registered under the name "Madame A. Meyyan" (Mme A. Meilland). But after the end of the war, it was decided to call the rose "Peace" (Rose Peace), which means "peace" in translation.
The American Rose Society has also recognized the undeniable virtues and beauty of the rose. As a sign of respect, it was decided to give it to every UN delegate who visited San Francisco.
The main advantage of the resulting variety was its huge double flowers of unusual color. The flower of this rose is very delicate and airy. The petal usually starts with a yellowish tint, then turns to cream, and along the edge - a light pink blush. Blooming Gloria is like a young lady in lace and crinolines, transferred directly from the ball to our time.
In the same period of time, the rose also spreads to other European countries. In Germany, she received the name "Gloria Day" (Gloria Dei) and "Gioya" (Gioia - joy) - in Italy.
On the day of the signing of the act of surrender of Japan, the rose "Peace" is awarded the highest award American Rose Society - Gold Medal.
Later, the variety receives many awards and prizes: the title of "Golden Rose" at an exhibition in The Hague in 1965, entering forever into the Hall of Fame by the decision of the World Federation of Rose Societies in 1976
Garden Merit Award from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1993
The success of the sale of "Peace" only in the United States allowed the Meyans to establish separate rose-growing enterprises - for the production and sale of roses and for the breeding of new varieties.
Are you familiar with famous artist Renaissance Sandro Botticelli? His most famous paintings, celebrating feminine beauty, is the "Birth of Venus" and "Spring". Take a look at them and you will notice that the characters depicted by the painter are surrounded by roses.
The petals of the depicted roses allow us to conclude that the artist captured special varieties. These are roses alba (alba) and centifolia (centifolia). The last name is translated as "hundred petals".
One famous perfumer named Shisido, the author of many popular fragrances, decided to somehow count the petals. His patience was only enough for two centifolia roses.
But he found out that these roses deserved their name. Since on one flower there were one hundred and thirteen petals, and on the other - one hundred and one.
Here is my story about a beautiful, now undeservedly forgotten rose. Its huge fragrant flowers are now almost universally replaced by other, more hardy cut varieties. But despite this, the queen remains the queen.
Photo from the Internet. Sources: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meilland_International
http://www.photostart.info/showphoto.php?category=22&code=252
Rose Peace is yellow with a pink edge. The height of the bush is usually about 100-150 cm. The width is about 125 cm, sometimes more, but quite rarely. Peace rose disease resistance: sick in bad years.
Description: peace roses
Everyone knows Mme.A.Meilland - although in Germany she is called Gloria Dei, in Italy Gioia, and in English-speaking countries - Peace. This is the most famous rose in the world, and probably still the most common. The rose is named after the hybridizer's mother, who died young. The flowers are huge: the variety is so strong that when it first appeared, it established absolutely new standard rose quality. The peak of popularity, which occurred in 1950 and 1960, roses are entirely due to Mme.A.Meilland. flowers are incredibly large and beautiful in all stages of dissolution, from elegant buds to fully opened flower, although, in fact, the variety is very variable in culture. For example, the color is usually pale yellow with a raspberry edge, fading to creamy pink, in practice it varies depending on the time of year and the place of cultivation. The smell also changes. Many complain that the variety does not smell, others describe the aroma as strong, bright, sweet and fruity. However, everyone agrees that it has a vigorous bush, strong petals, large dark green foliage, and good disease resistance. (ARE) Here she is. Number one. The most popular rose in world history. It was bred by the French breeder Meillant at the end of the Second World War. Rose with beautiful, sometimes fragrant flowers, blooms profusely, the bush is winter-hardy and vigorous. Many say that now Peace is not as yellow and bright as before. However, I have not seen any clear evidence of this. (RRC) Vigorous branched shrub up to 1.2 m tall with glossy dark green foliage. The flowers are very large, bright yellow with a pink-red edge, with a slight aroma. A well deservedly popular rose, the bush looks good even when not in bloom. disease resistant and hardy rose, easy to grow. (IER) The story of this rose is a real melodrama. The rose was bred in France during the Second World War, and was exported by unnamed cuttings in diplomatic luggage to the United States just before the Nazi takeover of France. The rose was propagated in an American nursery and released in 1945. The rose returned with the world to liberated France and therefore received the name Peace. Later, the variety graced all UN meeting tables. The flowers are luxurious, large and double, pale yellow with a pink edge. The variety is vigorous, winter-hardy and disease-resistant, somewhat susceptible to black spot in the south. (http://www.herbs2000.com)This rose has two more names: Gloria Dei and Gioia. It was bred in France in the early forties. Since then, the Peace rose has been considered one of the most famous rose varieties. And there is a reason. The rose blooms with large flowers 10-15 cm in diameter. The color is pale yellow with a pink edge, gradually changing to creamy yellow. Each flower lives for about a week. It has a medium aroma. Some flower growers say that there is almost no smell. Others, on the contrary, write that it has a strong aroma. It seems that everything is individual. But in general, there are a lot of positive reviews about the rose.
Rose Peace belongs to the hybrid tea, forms a bush 120-150 cm high and about 1 m in diameter. The leaves are large, dark green shiny. Flowering from June to September in waves. One flower per stem. The bush has medium resistance to powdery mildew and black spot. Flowers tolerate rainy weather well.
Prevention and treatment of black spot is briefly described. Pro powdery mildew.
The plant loves a sunny position. A rose should spend at least half of the daylight hours in the sun. The soil must be 
permeable and fertile. Watering requires moderate, during dry periods more. Top dressing with a special fertilizer for roses in the spring after removing the shelter and useful again before flowering. Later in August, you can add ashes and phosphate fertilizers so that the bush is better prepared for winter.
Rose Peace, like other hybrid tea roses, blooms on the shoots of the current year. Based on this, we make a cut. In autumn, it is not recommended to do strong pruning and only unripe and dry branches are removed. In the spring, it is recommended to prune, leaving about 6 buds, that is, stems up to 30 cm long. Pruning should be done above the bud looking outward so that the young shoot does not grow inside, but outside the bush. It is advisable to do pruning when the buds are just starting to swell so that the plant does not spend extra energy on opening the buds and growing young unnecessary shoots. Branches older than 4 years are usually also recommended to be cut so as not to thicken the bush.
In summer, faded flowers should also be cut off in a timely manner.
Rose Peace refers 6th climate zone therefore, in more northern regions it must be covered for the winter. Do not be afraid of this, people successfully grow this variety in Siberia. The bush for the winter must be spudded and wrapped with a double layer of lutrasil or burlap.
Acquired seedlings are best planted in the spring. They should have at least three healthy shoots. Dig a hole for planting 60x60x60 cm in size. Mix the earth with compost. Cut the shoots and roots of the seedling a little, hold it in water for several hours. The grafting site should be deepened by about 5 cm.
IN decorative purposes the rose can be used both as a tapeworm and in a flower garden, where it looks great as an accent. Good neighbors will be lavender, delphiniums, catnip, mallow. At the foot you can plant chistets, undersized zinnias.
Flower garden on the window. Beauty in the country.
Do It!
Hybrid tea rose "Gloria Day".
The story of this rose is a real melodrama.
Sometimes this variety is called the most famous rose of the twentieth century. "Gloria Day" is recognized worldwide as the standard of roses. She was awarded the honorary title of "Rose of the Century", she is considered a symbol of peace and harmony of the twentieth century.
The history of the creation of "Gloria Day" and its further distribution in the world are closely connected with the historical events of the first half of the last century.
Rose "Gloria Day" was bred in the French family nursery "Meilland".
On June 15, 1935, Francis Meillant and his father Antoine Meillant were looking at fifty young hybrids that had just blossomed. All of them were grown from seeds in the Meilland nursery. One specimen with an unusual color of double flowers really liked Francis. Thus began the glorious history of the world-famous tea-hybrid rose. The seedling was assigned a working number 3-35-40 and tried to propagate it. The rose had only three buds (eyes) suitable for grafting. Two eyes died, only one kidney survived. The most famous rose of the 20th century began with that bud.
Gradually, the Meilland family nursery becomes famous not only in France, but also abroad. In June 1939, just a year before the occupation of the country by Nazi Germany, French and foreign breeders gathered in it. They were shown the best varieties and entered into contracts for their supply. The unique rose under the working number 3-35-40 delighted the specialists. The variety has not yet been registered. To get feedback from leading breeders and discuss the name of the masterpiece, some of the cuttings were mailed to nurseries in Germany, Italy and the USA. They were accompanied detailed description roses.
Rose was great. It was an obvious breakthrough in breeding. Francis himself wrote about its flowers: "Amazing in shape and size, with a greenish tint, warming to yellow and gradually saturated crimson at the edges of the petals."
But the plans of rose growers were not destined to come true: the Second World War broke out. Contacts between the breeders were interrupted for a long time, but the addressees still managed to receive parcels with precious cuttings.
The disunited breeders continued their hard work on breeding the wonderful "Frenchwoman". But they, alas, could not jointly choose a name for her due to the prevailing circumstances.
By this time, Francis' mother had passed away, and the saddened son named the most beautiful of his roses by her name - "Madame A. Meilland" ("Madame Meilland").
In Italy, she was given the name "Gioia" ("Joy"), in Germany - "Gloria Dei" ("Glory to the Lord").
But the most symbolic was the name of the variety received by the rose in the United States. The American Rose Society officially registered it on the day of the fall of Berlin under the name "Peace", which means "Peace".
A few weeks later, at the first meeting of the UN, each delegate received one Peace rose with a note saying that Peace is the most important goal of the entire world community and wishing delegates, their children and children of children around the world joy.
Rose varieties Gloria Dei (Gloria Dei)
The breeder who created this stunning rose, Francis Meian, once described his novelty as follows: “It forms flowers, amazing in shape and size, with a greenish tinge that warms up to yellow and gradually saturates with crimson at the edges of the petals.” According to modern estimates, more than fifty million Gloria Dei rose bushes grow on our planet.
The Gloria Dei rose is the most popular and beloved ground rose by gardeners for over 70 years. This unsurpassed rose has as many as four names, each of which is worthy of being the name of the "rose of the century".
The appearance of this variety is as surprising as the history of its four names. Breeder F. Meian in 1936 received an unusual hybrid of several varieties garden roses. The main attraction of the resulting seedling was its huge double flowers of unusual color, their golden yellow petals were darker towards the center, and their edges turned bright pink as they bloomed. The variety seemed unusually interesting to the breeder, but had only three eyes (buds) suitable for grafting. Of these three eyes, two died, and only one (!) took root and developed into a seedling. It is amazing that this world-famous rose was obtained from just one cutting.
The author of the variety named this rose in honor of his mother - Madame Antoine Meilland. But just before the war, in 1939, even before the official registration of the variety, cuttings were sent from France to the USA, Germany and Italy to various breeders. The Second World War interrupted contacts between breeders, and as a result, in each of the countries, the rose took root and got its name.
Rose in Germany is known as Gloria Dei ("Glory to the Lord"), in Italy - as Gioia ("Delight"). In 1945, on the day of the fall of Berlin, at the Pacific Rose Society exhibition in Pasadena, an American company registered this rose under the name Peace, that is, “Peace”. In Russia, the German version of the name is more often used in Russia, although under other names this rose can also be found in stores and nurseries.
Interestingly, the history of this rose variety is replete with symbolic coincidences: not only was the name of the new variety awarded on the day of the fall of Berlin (April 29, 1945), but the variety also received the All-American Prize on the day of the victory over Japan, and the medal on the day the peace treaty was signed with this country. Since then, the variety has won many titles and awards, and the most important of them is the title of "Rose of the 20th century". By the way, the creator of the variety himself was not at all opposed to the fact that his rose received so many names, since each of them carried a good meaning. He lived only 46 years, but left behind a masterpiece rose, which gave Meilland international recognition and fame.
Why is this truly extraordinary rose so good? Gloria Dei refers to continuously blooming hybrid tea, very fragrant roses. The bush is strong, up to 2 m high, with a small number of thorns. The leaves are leathery, shiny, dark green in color. The rose is not afraid of rain, gets sick a little, grows quickly and is highly frost-resistant. But, of course, its most attractive feature can be considered flowers. Gloria Dei blooms cyclically throughout almost the entire growing season, from late spring to late autumn.
In the language of rose growers, the flowers of this rose are described as "pastel yellow with a pinkish blend." But if you ask amateur gardeners to describe them yourself, you can hear the characteristics: delicate cream color, yellow, pale pink. All this is because large (13-15 cm in diameter), terry yellow flowers, framed with a light carmine bloom along the edges of the petals, seem to be made of delicate translucent silk, and their shades subtly change from dawn to sunset.
Not only is it the best selling rose in the world, but it is without a doubt the best hybrid tea rose and will remain the highest standard for a long time, if not forever. For decades, Gloria Dei was considered not only the most beautiful of the beautiful, but also the most stable among hybrid tea roses. IN last years susceptibility to black spot is noted, but this is not yet a reason to abandon the variety that has conquered the world.
On the basis of this variety, about 390 varieties of roses have been bred by breeders around the world, and work is currently ongoing. The descendants of Gloria Dei are such varieties of hybrid tea roses as Princess of Monaco, Berlin, Reception in the Garden, Golden Crown, Fiery World, Love and Peace, Royal Height, Talking Sun, Tropicana and many others. The names of the descendants forever imprinted the sublime name of their predecessor. In the 50s, breeders different countries, independently of each other, a new variety of this variety has been bred - climbing rose Gloria Dei Climing. She retained all the advantages of the original variety, but at the same time acquired the properties of a creeper.
If the size and style of your garden plot allow you to diversify the composition with this beautiful and unpretentious plant- be sure to put this legendary rose of the twentieth century in your garden!
O. Averina , candidate of biological sciences
(Gardener No. 9, 2011)
